中元音central vowels
语音实践之中元音
语音实践之中元音Central V owels/?:/ /?/ /?//?:/字母和字母组合ir er or ur ear our yr1. fur sir her shirt hurt bird third word heard birth worth nursesearch church term fir girl curl first worst2. early journey certain person service purchase furnish earnest perfectcourtesy myrtle (番樱桃)3. the first year the first term the German expert learn the word a dirty shirt a firm girla nervous nurse an early bird the third word the third world an earnest personperfect service4. First come, first served.Workers of the world, unite!Perfect service deserves an earnest and worthy return.The girls learn world history in the first and third terms at the university.It’s the early bird that ca tches the worm.5.Worms squirm in the earthWhen first is heardThe murmur and chirpOf the early bird.6．Turn purple serve a customer at first give birth to a daughter on earth learn the list of words be at work make a long journey7．My shirt is dirty. I should clean it.I work as a nurse.I will begin my work on Thursday.I will travel around the world.Have a good journey.It’s my turn to speak.I got the third place in the competition. Mary got the first place.8．The early bird catches the worm. 早鸟先得食。
前元音中元音和后元音
前元音中元音和后元音 GE GROUP system office room 【GEIHUA16H-GEIHUA GEIHUA8Q8-元音分类1：前元音、中元音和后元音根据元音发音过程中舌头在口腔中抬起的部位不同，我们可以把元音分为前元音、中元音和后元音。
(1) Front（前元音）4The front vowels in English are the vowels that are articulated near the front of the oral cavity, such as:发前元音时，发音部位靠近口腔前部。
例如：1./i:/ 前、高、不圆唇、长元音;2. /i/ 前、半高、不圆唇、短元音;3./e/ 前、半高、不圆唇、短元音;4. /æ/ 前、低、不圆唇、短元音.(2) Central（中元音）2The central vowels in English are the vowels that are articulated near the center of the vocal cavity, such as:发央元音时，发音部位靠近口腔中ә部。
例如：1./ә/ 中、半高、不圆唇、长元音;2. /ә:/ 中、半低、不圆唇、短元音.(3) Back（后元音）6The back vowels in English are the vowels that are articulated near the rear of the vocal cavity, such as:发后元音时，发音部位靠近口前后部。
例如：1./u/ 后、高、圆唇、短元音;2. /u:/ 后、高、圆唇、长元音;3./ɔ/ 后、低、圆唇、短元音;4./ɔ:/后、半低、圆唇、长元音;5./Λ/后、半低、不圆唇、短元音;6./a:/ 后、低、不圆唇、长元音.单元音和双元音根据元音的构成要素，我们可以把元音分为12个单元音（monophthongs）和8个双元音（Diphthongs）。
(完整版)英语语音发音部位及方法
英语语音发音部位及方法第一章发音部位一、发音器官二、唇形（口型）（1）双唇紧闭（2）自然开口（3）扁唇：微笑（4）大圆唇：尽量张大口（5）小圆唇：口型渐渐变小第二章元音（Vowel）发音方法一、单元音（Monophthong）1.前元音（4 Front Vowels）1）/i:/——舌尖抵下齿龈，但不要抵得太紧。
略略扁唇，像微笑的口型。
发音时间略长。
（Open your mouth just a little for the sound. Spread your lips into a smile. Push your tongue forward in your mouth. It’s a long sound. Move your tongue up a little as you say it.）2) /I/(/i/)——先发/i:/，在此基础上，嘴角稍微收小一点，开口略大一点，舌尖靠近，但不要紧贴下齿龈，发音时间相对较短。
（Open your mouth just a little more for this sound. Don’t spread your lips into a smile. The sound is shorter, more relaxed than /i:/.）3）/e/(ε)——舌尖抵下齿龈，不要抵得太紧。
口略开，约可放入一个指尖。
不扁唇，口型自然放松，发音时间相对较短。
（Practice the sound /I/, then open your mouth a little more for this sound. It is a short and relaxed sound.）4）/æ/——舌尖抵下齿龈，双唇尽量向两边张开，嘴角肌肉感到紧张。
开口程度大，约可放入食指和中指交叠。
不扁唇。
（Practice the sound / e /, then open your mouth a little more for this sound.）2.后元音（5 Back Vowels）1）/a:/——松弛自然，口张到最大，不要撅嘴，舌尖离开下齿龈，长元音。
英语语音知识及语言学知识
英语语音知识【音素phoneme】The phoneme is the smallest unit of speech sound in a language that is capable of conveying a distinction in meaning,音素是构成音节的最小单位或最小的语音片段。
Front vowels(前元音)：/i:/, /I/, /e/, /æ/Pure V owels/Monophthongs(单元音) Central vowels(中元音)：/ə:/, /ə/V owels(元音) Back vowels(后元音)：/ɔ/, /ɔ:/, /u/, /u:/, /ʌ/, /a:/(20) Falling diphthongs(合口双元音)：/ei/ , /əu/, ai/, /au/, /ɔi/Diphthongs(双元音)Phoneme Rising diphthongs(集中双元音)：/iə/, /ε/, /ə/, /uə/Stops(爆破音)：/p/, /b/. /d/, /t/, /k/, /g/Fricatives(摩擦音)：/f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/Consonants(辅音) Affricates(塞擦音)：/ts/, /dz/, /tr/, /dr/(28) Lateral(边音)：/l/Nasals(鼻音)：/m/, /n/, /ŋ/Approximants(半元音)：/w/, /r/, /j/语言学知识Morpheme that occur “unattached” are called free morpheme.Inquiry and discovery learning is to involve learners in investing energy and attention in order to discoversomething about the language for themselves.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is also known ad linguistic relativity.Pragmatic competence requires teacher to help learners to learn the relationship between grammatical formsand function.Phonetics is the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in theworld’s languages.Correct perception of sounds is vital for listening comprehension.Different stress and intonation indicate different meanings.The dialect which is caused by social status is socialect.The famous line “My love is a red, red rose”, stirs up vividly the imagination of a beautiful lady. This is theiconic meaning of “rose”.Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.The reasons for teaching writing to students of English as a foreign language include reinforcement, languagedevelopment, learning style and, most importantly, writing as a skill in its own right.The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called theallophones of that phoneme.Semantics is generally considered to be the study of meaning in language.。
普通话第二节 元音
/beɡ/- /bæɡ/ /ɡes/- /ɡæs/ /met/- /mæt/ /bed/- /bæd/ /lend/- /lænd/ /send/- /sænd/ /pen/- /pæn/ /pek/- /pæk/ /hem/- /hæm/ /led/- /læd/
四、朗读句子 1. A fact is a fact. 2. Fancy that! 3. Don’t let the cat out of the bag. 4. Handsome is as handsome does. 5. The cat catches a fat rat. 6. That man had a bad habit. 7. What daddy said made me sad. 8. Glad to meet you, Mary. 9. He’s very happy to receive a letter. 10. I like the red apple.
二、朗读短语 1. along the river 2. never forget 3. the doctor’s daughter 4. brothers and sisters 5. among the workers 6.after supper
三、朗读句子 1.You’d better come over now. 2.There is an eraser under the computer. 3. Nobody is perfect. 4. What’s the matter with you? 5. Don’t bother me! 6. I’d rather be a teacher than an actor. 7. Her younger brother is a doctor. 8. You’d better do it faster. 9. Give me some butter and sugar. 10. Their performance at the concert was better than ever.
3.central vowels
Advice to the students
For /ɑ:/ the tongue almost lies flat in the mouth. The tip of the tongue does not touch the lower teeth. The lips are neutrally open.
Games and activities
Practice
Read the following dialogues, paying attention to the sound of /Λ/ / ә / / ә: /.
Dialogue
A: B: A: B: A: B: What’s wrong? Nothing’s wrong. Come on, Something’s wrong. Nothing much. What’s the trouble? Has Buddy come? Mm. Come, and gone.
For /Λ/, the part of the tongue that is raised is the centre of the tongue. The tip of the tongue touches the base of the lower teeth. The lips are widely open but not as wide as that for /ɑ:/.
Phrases & Sentences
around a corner better and better over and over again about the worker accept a member sooner or later
英语音标 English Vowels and Consonants
[r]舌头向上卷起，舌头不要接触任何部位，双唇稍突出，声带振动。
[h]自然呵气，自然张开，声带不振动（像喘气）。
Affricate consonants
破擦音
[tʃ]双唇略微张开突出,舌尖抵住上齿龈,用力吐气,舌尖离开上龈,声带不振动。
[u]嘴张开，略向前突出，发短促音。
Central vowels中元音
[ʌ]嘴巴张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿。
[ə:]嘴巴呈扁平，上下齿微张开，舌身平放。（长）
[ə]嘴巴呈扁平，上下齿微张开，舌身平放。（短）
Diphthongs双元音
Rising diphthongs
[ei]相当于发“A”
[ai]由开到合，“I”。
Nasal consonants
鼻辅音
[m]双唇紧闭,舌头平放,声带振动,气流从鼻子里送出来(鼻音).
[n]双唇微开,舌尖抵上齿龈,声带振动,气流从鼻子里送出来(鼻音).
[ŋ]双唇张开,舌尖抵下齿龈,舌根向后抵住,声带振动,气流从鼻子里送出来(鼻音).
Lateral consonant
边辅音
[l]舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌尖轻微用力弯曲，声带振动
[b]双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，爆破音，声带振动。
[t]用舌尖发音，抵住上齿龈形成阻碍（短促有力），声带不振动。
[d]用舌尖发音，抵住上齿龈形成阻碍（短促有力），声带振动。
[k]声带不振动，气从喉咙里用力冲出，舌后部抵住软腭。
[g]声带振动，气从喉咙里用力冲出，舌后部抵住软腭。
Fricative consonants
[ɔi]前重后轻，由圆到扁，稍快。
[əu]口型有半开到小开，像发“O”，发“ə”时舌尖抵下齿。
音标专业术语
音标专业术语1.元音vowels2.前元音front vowels3.中元音central vowels4.后元音back vowels5.双元音diphthongs6.辅音consonants7.清辅音（有声辅音）voiceless8.浊辅音（无声辅音）voiced9.音节syllable10.重读音节stressed syllables11.单音节monosyllabic12.双音节disyllabic13.多音节polysyllabic14.重读闭音节stressed close syllables15.重读开音节stressed open syllables16.绝对开音节17.相对开音节18.弱读reduced forms19.单词重音word stress20.语调intonation21.辅音连缀consonant clusters22.S后清音浊化23.节奏rhythm24.连读linking of sounds25.音标phonics26.音素phoneme27.音标框phonics frame28.半元音semi-vowels29.缩读contractions30.字母组合compound letters31.升调rising tone32.降调falling tone33.元音字母34.辅音字母35.请找出以下单词的相同点（发音上的，写法上的）Please find out thesimilarity in the pronunciation\spelling among these words.36.写上单词划线部分的音标Please write the phonics of the lettersunderlined.37.让我们来比较一下[ I ]和[ e ]的发音Let’s compare the sound of[ I ] with [ e ]. Please find out the differences among the sounds of these words.38.[ i ]有那些字母组合What compound letters are pronounced[ i ]?39.cat中的a发音…The letter “a” in “cat” makes the sound\is pronounced…40.看谁做得又好又快Let me see that who is better.。
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2. sentences
1) Thursday’s the first day of the term. 2) It’s the early birds that catches the worm. 3) He was thirsty when he returned from work. 4) First come, first served. 5) They earned their desserts by hard work.
mug bulb
dumb brother
ton run lover rubber
Runner under onion Supper upper butter nothing
bus luck shut cutting dusting
2. sentences
1) It’s fun to run and jump in the sun. 2) The bus doesn’t run on Sunday. 3) One’s lovely, the other’s ugly. 4) Well begun is half done. 5) He told the funny story just for fun.
5.3 / ə /
牙床半开, 舌平放口中，双唇中常
1. words
about annoy arrive again alive amount forget balloon agree polite potato correct woman pictures bottom member butter counter lecture sugar August breakfast
5.2 /ə:/
舌尖触下齿底部，舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起， 牙床开得较窄，双唇中常，稍扁。
1. words
fir her burn earn
were worn
curve curl
heard girl
word pearl
burned earned world earlier further murder birth church skirt dirtier thirstier worker
3. tongue twister
The first person in a dirty shirt works in the third firm.
4. little poem
Worms squirm in the earth When first is heard The murmur and chirp Of the early bird.
4. Tongue twister
Betty bought some butter. “But,” she said, “this butter’s bitter. Put a bit of better butter. Will make my butter better”. So she bought a bit of butter. Better than the bitter butter. And it made her butter better.
3. passage
Hurry up! Run! Supper’s ready and mother’s come. Once a month she came from London. She bought a ton of luggage with her, and a dozen bunches of roses. The fuss and trouble! Treated us like country cousins. You should have seen the color of her gloves. Must have cost a lot of money.
5. little poem
School is over, Oh, what fun! Lesson finished, Play begun.
Test
bag/bug cap/cup hat/hut match/much ran/run bat/but cat/cut lamp/lump rag/rug sang/sung
central vowels
Three central vowels
英语中有3个中元音，/۸/，/ə/，/ə：/，发音时， 舌尖微抵下齿，舌平放口中，双唇扁平或放松， 不圆唇。
5.1 /۸/
舌后部的靠前部分稍抬起，舌尖微抵下齿，双 唇扁平
1. words
Blood dove Dull result
accept customer
Байду номын сангаас
2. sentences
1) The wonderful weather was over. 2) He can’t speak Spanish, but his sister can. 3) The students and teachers will have a gettogether the day after tomorrow. 4) She doesn’t like to go to the cinema or the lecture. 5) He sang for all of us a few moments ago.