阿尔茨海默症英语介绍共21页文档
老年痴呆症Demenza,阿爾茨海默氏症morbodialzheimer
老年痴呆症Demenza,阿爾茨海默氏症morbodialzheimer老年痴呆症 Dementia,Demenza,阿爾茨海默氏症 morbo di'alzheimer, Alzheimer's Disease老年痴呆症(Dementia, Demenza,与阿兹海默症(Alzheimer's Disease)的区别老年痴呆症不是一种疾病，而是若干种神经紊乱病症的总称。
其中，阿兹海默症是知晓最多，也是最普遍的一种老年痴呆症。
老年痴呆症有多重亚型，而发生病理学变化的器官也不一定是患者的大脑，有可能是其他器官，比如肝脏。
Alzheimer's disease（ＡＤ）是一组病因未明的原发性退行性脑变性疾病。
多起病于老年期，潜隐起病，病程缓慢且不可逆，临床上以智能损害为主。
病理改变主要为皮质弥漫性萎缩，沟回增宽，脑室扩大，神经元大量减少，并可见老年斑（SP），神经原纤维结（NFT）等病变，胆碱乙酰化酶及乙酰胆碱含量显著减少。
起病在65岁以前者旧称老年前期痴呆，或早老性痴呆，多有同病家族史，病情发展较快，颞叶及顶叶病变较显著，常有失语和失用。
1907年，德国医生阿罗伊斯-阿尔茨海默（1864~1915）首先对其进行描述。
只有当阿尔茨海默病患者死亡之后才能诊断出他们患有此病，因为只有对大脑中中神经细胞的损失情况和衰退情况（脑组织的减少情况或者萎缩情况）进行检查后才能对这种病做出诊断。
我们可以在阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑中发现衰老的色斑（神经细胞丧失或者蜡状的沉淀物，学名为淀粉状蛋白）。
它们通常位于靠近大脑中被认为是控制记忆和更高的认知过程（比如自我感知，解决问题和推理能力）神经原纤维结的区域。
在所有受到痴呆症影响的人中，有近50%的人患有阿尔茨海默症。
当痴呆症患者的年龄超过85岁时，这个比例将增长到70%。
阿尔茨海默病是渐进性的，衰退性的。
虽然这种病在任何年龄都能出现，但是通常在60~70之间出现。
阿尔茨海默症英语介绍
2
Clinical manifestation
Clinical manifestation
Mild dementia Moderate dementia Severe dementia
Ⅰ期
1-3 years
Ⅱ期
Ⅲ期
death
2-10 years
7:5~4:6
8-12 years
More women than men
3
Pathogeny＆othesis of AD
Pathogeny
vs
Abnormal amyloid beta cell deposition in neurons Abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein
His work became more abstract, may be the parietal function damaged, causing blindness. What kind of changes have occurred in the brains of patients with dementia, which is not yet fully understood by the world 's academia.
临床症状Clinical symptom 记忆障碍dysmnesia 失语aphasia 失认agnosia 执行功能障碍executive dysfunction 痴呆dementia
The disease usually begins after age 60, and risk goes up with age.
Catalog
01
brief introduction
一篇英语阅读理解有关阿尔茨海默症与睡眠时间的关系
一篇英语阅读理解有关阿尔茨海默症与睡眠时间的关系Here is an essay on the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and sleep duration, written in English with more than 1000 words, as requested. There are no additional titles or unnecessary punctuation marks in the body of the text.Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. As our population ages, the prevalence of this condition continues to rise, posing significant challenges to healthcare systems and families. One aspect of Alzheimer's disease that has garnered increasing attention in recent years is the relationship between the disease and sleep patterns.Sleep plays a crucial role in cognitive function and overall brain health. Numerous studies have suggested that disruptions in sleep patterns may be both a cause and a consequence of Alzheimer's disease. Understanding this complex relationship is essential for developing effective strategies for the prevention and management of this debilitating condition.One of the key factors linking Alzheimer's disease and sleep is the role of amyloid-beta, a protein that is a hallmark of the disease. Amyloid-beta accumulates in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's, forming plaques that disrupt neural function and contribute to the cognitive decline associated with the condition. Interestingly, research has shown that sleep plays a critical role in the clearance of amyloid-beta from the brain.During sleep, the brain's glymphatic system, which is responsible for the removal of waste products, becomes more active. This system helps to flush out amyloid-beta and other potentially harmful substances from the brain. When sleep is disrupted, the efficiency of this clearance process is compromised, leading to a buildup of amyloid-beta and an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.In addition to the role of amyloid-beta, sleep disturbances may also contribute to Alzheimer's disease through other mechanisms. For example, sleep deprivation has been linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic changes, all of which can have negative impacts on brain health and cognitive function.Conversely, Alzheimer's disease itself can also lead to disruptions in sleep patterns. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience changes in their sleep-wake cycles, including increased daytime sleepiness, fragmented sleep, and difficulty falling or staying asleepat night. These sleep disturbances can further exacerbate the cognitive and functional impairments associated with Alzheimer's disease.One study, published in the journal Sleep, examined the relationship between sleep duration and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The researchers followed a large cohort of older adults over several years and found that both short sleep duration (less than 6 hours per night) and long sleep duration (more than 9 hours per night) were associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.The researchers hypothesized that the relationship between sleep duration and Alzheimer's disease may be bidirectional, with sleep disturbances contributing to the development of the disease and the disease itself leading to further disruptions in sleep patterns. They also suggested that the optimal sleep duration for brain health may be somewhere in the range of 7-8 hours per night.Another study, published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, explored the impact of sleep quality on cognitive function in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. The researchers found that poor sleep quality, characterized by increased sleep fragmentation and reduced sleep efficiency, was associated with poorer cognitive performance, particularly in the domains of memory and executivefunction.These findings highlight the importance of addressing sleep disturbances in the management of Alzheimer's disease. By improving sleep quality and ensuring adequate sleep duration, it may be possible to slow the progression of the disease and potentially improve cognitive function and quality of life for those affected.One potential intervention for addressing sleep disturbances in Alzheimer's disease is the use of light therapy. Exposure to bright light during the day has been shown to help regulate the body's circadian rhythms and improve sleep patterns in individuals with Alzheimer's. This approach may be particularly beneficial for those living in long-term care facilities, where exposure to natural light may be limited.In addition to light therapy, other interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, the use of melatonin supplements, and the optimization of sleep hygiene, may also be effective in addressing sleep disturbances in Alzheimer's disease. However, it is important to work closely with healthcare professionals to develop a personalized treatment plan that takes into account the individual's specific needs and the stage of the disease.In conclusion, the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and sleep is a complex and multifaceted one. Sleep disturbances may contribute to the development and progression of Alzheimer's, while the disease itself can also lead to disruptions in sleep patterns. Understanding this relationship is crucial for the development of effective strategies for the prevention and management of Alzheimer's disease. By prioritizing sleep health and addressing sleep-related issues, we may be able to improve the quality of life for those affected by this devastating condition.。
阿尔茨海默症英语介绍演示PPT
➢ What kind of changes have occurred in the brains of patients with dementia, which is not yet fully understood by the world 's academia.
➢William insisted the 5 New Year paintings self portrait, until completely forgotten how to draw. From the use of skilled drawing, dark portrayal of vivid features, to the same color, shape deformation, self portrait became more and more abstract (pictured above).
Nerve cells die in areas of the brain that are vital to memory and other mental abilities.
7
2 Clinical manifestation
8
Clinical manifestation
Mild dementia Moderate dementia Severe dementia
临床症Clinical symptom
➢记忆障碍dysmnesia ➢失语aphasia ➢失认agnosia ➢执行功能障碍executive dysfunction ➢痴呆dementia
阿尔茨海默症英语介绍
➢ 记忆障碍dysmnesia ➢ 失语aphasia ➢ 失认agnosia ➢ 执行功能障碍executive dysfunction ➢ 痴呆dementia
The disease usually begins after age 60, and risk goes up with age.
Two types
• Alzheimer's disease(AD) <65 years old
• senile dementia(SDAT) ≥65 years old
Name
In 1906,AD is named by Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a German doctor.
Memories of Tomorrow
The Notebook
Thank you
Degradation of memory and cognition
His work became more abstract, may be the parietal function damaged, causing blindness.
Thank you, my friends.
Clinical manifestation
alzheimersdiseaseadprogressiveneurodegenerativedisorder临床症状clinicalsymptom记忆障碍dysmnesia失语aphasia失认agnosia执行功能障碍executivedysfunction痴呆dementiadiseaseusuallybeginsafterage60riskgoesuptwotypes?alzheimersdiseasead65yearsold?seniledementiasdat65yearsolddraloisalzheimergermandoctor
关于阿尔兹海默相关的英文单词
关于阿尔兹海默相关的英文单词阿尔兹海默症（Alzheimer's Disease）是一种慢性神经退行性疾病，主要影响大脑中的神经元。
以下是与阿尔兹海默症相关的一些英文单词和短语：1.Alzheimer's Disease (AD)：阿尔兹海默症2.dementia：痴呆3.cognitive decline：认知功能下降4.memory loss：记忆力丧失5.mental confusion：精神混乱6.difficulty speaking or writing：说话或书写困难7.loss of spatial ability：空间能力丧失8.changes in mood or behavior：情绪或行为改变9.plaques and tangles：老年斑和神经原纤维缠结（阿尔兹海默症病理特征）10.acetylcholine：乙酰胆碱（与记忆和学习相关的神经递质）11.neuropathology：神经病理学12.neurotransmitter：神经递质13.genetic risk factors：遗传因素14.lifestyle factors：生活方式因素15.diagnosis：诊断16.management：管理，治疗17.caregiver：照顾者18.support group：支持小组19.cognitive rehabilitation：认知康复20.dementia-friendly environment：痴呆友好环境这些词汇涵盖了阿尔兹海默症的症状、诊断、治疗以及相关的医学和社会方面。
请注意，这些单词和短语仅供参考，如有需要，建议咨询医学专家或查阅相关英文医学文献。
阿尔兹海默病英语演讲
Alzheimer’s diseaseMany people will find decline in memory and thinking ability as they grow older.In the beginning,these changes may difficult to be found.And it can easily be considered as normal phenomenon.It is indeed possible.But they may also be the early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.With the aging of the population,Alzheimer's disease has gradually become a big killer of human's lives,and it has also attracted more and more people's attention.In 1901, the first patient with similar symptoms was treated by alois Alzheime in Germany. The examination showed that she had no problem with her body at that time.However, the patient's condition was getting worse and worse and eventually died after five years. thereafter, scientists called this disease Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's disease,called AD for short,is the most common form of Dementia （失智症）,about 60 persent to 80 persent.The sufferers of Alzheimer's disease have difficulty recognizing familiar people and things,And they can't find suitable words to describe things.Their characters and ability to judge will also change.At the later stage of their disease,they can't even remember their wives,their husband,their children.forget how to walk,how to eat.Finally leave the world.Nowadays,the number of people dying from Alzheimer's disease is increaseing year by year.According to statistics, Alzheimer's disease has become the fifth cause of death for Chinese people by 2017, And the average age of death is 5.9 years. In 2019, there are more than 52 million Alzheimer's disease patients in the world and more than 10 million in China, This number is twice that in 2010, seven times that in 1990 and is still increasing. It is estimated that by 2050 there will be 28 million patients in China and 152 million in the world.Facing Alzheimer's disease,we are not helpless.Not long ago,an American biological claims that they have developed effective drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease.And having a healthy diet,doing exercise regularly, participating in more social activities are also helpful to patients.And I believe with the development of medical science,we will finally defeat Alzheimer's disease some day.。
阿尔茨海默病 老年痴呆 Alzheimer’s Disease 英语作文
Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease Essay:Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative disorder which slowly leads to memory loss in a person. It damages the brain tissues and is a form of dementia. It ultimately damages the human brain.It occurs in the later years of life and is seen in middle-aged and older people at the late 65s. There is no such cure to this disease, but medication often helps to improve the condition.Long and Short Essays on Alzheimer’s Disease for Students and Kids in EnglishWe are providing students with essay samples on a long essay of 500 words and a short essay of 150 words on the topic Alzheimer’s Disease for reference.Long Essay on Alzheimer’s Disease 500 Words in EnglishLong Essay on Alzheimer’s Disease is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.A German neurologist named Alois Alzheimer discovered Alzheimer’s disease in 1906 after studying the case of a middle-aged woman named Auguste D. After her death he found senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles as he did an autopsy. Alzheimer’s disease or AD is a form of dementia which leads to the loss of a person’s ability to think and reason. It destroys the memory as neurons are injured and die throughout the brain resulting in a break down in the connections between networks of neurons. Major brain regions begin to shrink. By the final stages of Alzheimer’s significant loss of brain volume is seen, which is called brain atrophy.The most crucial symptom of Alzheimer’s is memory loss, and the person faces difficulties in remembering. It also leads to occasional memory lapses. An Alzheimer’s patient often gets lost in familiar places and also does not find the right word to identify objects and often tends to forget close relatives and family members.Alz heimer’s reduce the ability of thinking and reasoning considerably, and the person fails to make decisions or proper judgements. As the disease progresses, the patient often forgets to perform familiar tasks or even the basic tasks like bathing or dressing. An Alzheimer’s patientundergoes many behavioural and personality changes like depression, delusion and mood swings are prevalent. Distrust, social withdrawal, changes in sleeping patterns and aggressiveness also occur.Alzheimer’s is caused by a combin ation of genetics, lifestyle and environmental factors over time though the exact reason causing Alzheimer’s is yet to be found. The problems with brain proteins disrupt the proper functioning of the brain cells and eventually die out, resulting in a loss of significant portions of the brain.The human brain is characterised by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles caused by significant brain degeneration due to Alzheimer’s.A leftover fragment of a larger protein called beta-amyloid, and its clustering have a toxic effect on neurons, and it disrupts the cell-to-cell communication. Neurofibrillary tangles are abnormal accumulations of a protein called tau that collects inside neurons. Apart from these, chronic inflammations, vascular problems and cell death re major characteristics of Alzheimer’s.The early symptoms include mild forgetfulness, anxiety, confusion about time and place,communication difficulties and loss of spontaneity and initiative. Toward the progress of this disease, short term memory loss and confusion increase with a shorter span of attention and severe forgetfulness and even recognising family members. In the last stage, the inability to understand, incontinency and failure to recognise self or family are common.Researches show that 60-90% of Alzheimer’s cases exhibit various cerebrovascular pathology. Strokes are prevalent in patients with Alzheimer’s syndrome and worsen the cognitive decline substantially with various internal andexternal disorders. The risk factors include increasing age, genetics and down syndrome specifically. Obesity, high blood pressure and cholesterol, history of a previous head injury, blood vessel disease, etc. are also considered.A thorough diagnosis of an Alzheimer’s patient is made by assessing the assessing a person’s medical and psychiatric history and brain scans. CT, MRI and PET scans are done to determine the level of mental deterioration. Apart from these, blood and urine tests are also done along with proper neurological and physical examinations.Short Essay on Alzheimer’s Disease 150 Words in EnglishShort Essay on Alzheimer’s Disease is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.Alois Alzheimer first found the symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) after studying the case of a 51 years old woman. He found out destructions in brain cells and rapid degeneration of the brain. AD tends to damage the human brain entirely with significant memory loss and an inability to recognise self and close family members. AD is also associated withaggressiveness, restlessness, mental trauma, insomnia and severe depression.Beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain are significant causes for brain damage and subsequent loss of memory.A build-up of glial cells, vascular issues like atherosclerosis and considerable damage in the brain cells are equally responsible for AD. Although a person undergoes all types of brain scans, there is no cure for AD or any proven way for prevention. Treatments improve the behavioural patterns and manage symptoms to maximise a person’s ability to carry out dailyactivities and tasks so that they maintain their independence for as long as possible.10 Lines on Alzheimer’s Disease in EnglishAlzheimer’s disease gradually leads to loss of memory.A person diagnosed with AD experiences an inability of thinking, recognising and making judgements.AD damages the brain cells and tissues resulting in loss of an essential portion of the brain.Brain damage is associated with the build-up of abnormal proteins that form “plaques” and “tangles” around the brain cells.Family members face difficulties as the person’s condition deteriorates and are unable to recognise loved ones.Medications help to control sleeplessness, agitation, aggression and depression.There is no prevention of AD, but reports suggest a healthy lifestyle might reduce the risk.Regular physical activities have a protective effect on brain health and reduce the progression of AD.In AD, the loss of neurons spreads predictably, and brain size shrinks significantly.Risk factors include genetics, down syndrome, post head trauma, heart and vascular diseases, etc.FAQ’s on Alzheimer’s Disease EssayQuestion 1.What are the causes of AD?Answer:The exact causes of AD are not known, but problems with brain proteins that fail to function normally, disrupt the work of neurons and results in a series of toxic events.Question 2.How to prevent AD?Answer:There is no prevention to AD, but proper lifestyle might reduce the risk.Question 3.What are medicines used in cases of AD?Answer:Mostly, anti-depressants and sleeping pills are used to improve the sleep pattern because this disease cannot be cured.。