大学汉英翻译教程-Note
新标准大学英语综合教程3课后翻译 英译汉
Unit11.We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here,that we would never get a chance li ke this again,and we became determined not to waste it.Most important of course were the fina l exams in April and May in the following year.No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in c lass,so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong.Libraries which were once empty after f ive o’clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning,and guys wo re the bags under their eyes and their pale,sleepy faces with pride,like medals proving their dilig ence.我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。
当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。
我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。
以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。
2Tomorrow?It’s all a lie;there isn’t a tomorrow.There’s only a promissory note that we are often not ina position to cash.It doesn’t even exist.When you wake up in the morning it’ll be today again and allthe same rules will apply.Tomorrow is just another version of now,an empty field that will remai n sounless we start planting some seeds.Your time,which is ticking away as we speak(at about60se condsa minute chronologically;a bit faster if you don’t invest your time wisely),will be gone and you’llhave nothing to show for it but regret and a rear-view mirror full of“could haves”,“should h aves”and“would haves”.明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。
lecture 5 汉英词语翻译
7). 昨天看电影我没有买到好票：
* I did not buy a good ticket for yesterday’s film. I did not buy a good seat for yesterday’s film.
8). 这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批人才
(batches of )。 * The national heavy university has sent/transported batches of qualified talents to the society. The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society. 9). 他们省吃俭用，为的是攒钱买房子。 * They save food and expenses to accumulate more funds to buy an apartment. They live frugally/economically/thriftily to accumulate more funds to buy an apartment.
Appropriateness in word selection-ii
To choose word according to the collocation 2). 好： 好教徒 好父母 好儿女 好妻子 好丈夫 3). 水平： 英语水平 生活水平 游泳水平
2) good a faithful/devout/pious/sincere/ devoted Christian/believer a loving/caring parent an obedient/filial child a virtuous/devoted wife a dutiful/responsible husband 3) level English proficiency/ level living standard swimming skill
大学英语翻译全教程第一讲(完美版)
翻译理论与实践（以《英语翻译教程》南开大学出版社为基础）第一讲翻译概述一、翻译的概念1．广义的翻译指语言与语言、语言与非语言等代码转换和基本信息的传达。
它包括不同语言间的翻译（如英汉互译）语言变体间的翻译（如古今语言、不同方言的互译）、语言与其他交际符号的转换（如把交通规则画成交通标志）。
他对翻译的内容只强调“基本信息”，不强调“完全的忠实”。
也有翻译家提出“理解也是翻译”的理论，这就把语言与思维也包括在广义的翻译里了。
2．狭义的翻译指语言活动，是把一种语言所表达的内容中式地用另一种远表达出来。
这个定义强调“是一种语言活动”，表明它是人类多种交际方式中语言交际的沟通；强调“一种语言到另一种语言”，排除了同一语言间各变体的互译；强调“忠实地”，避免了翻译与释义或改写的混淆。
奈达（Eugene Nida）“Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style.”(Nida & Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation)我们的翻译课讲的就是狭义的翻译，并专指“书面表达内容”，以区别于有独特之处的口译（interpretation）。
二、翻译的分类1．从所涉及的代码性质看，可分为语内翻译（intralingual translation）、语际翻译（interlingual translation）和语符翻译（intersemiotic translation）。
语内翻译是同一种语言见不同语言变体的翻译，如把古汉语译成现代汉语，把黑话译成一般语言（雷子，一方）；语际翻译是不同语言间的翻译，是狭义翻译研究的对象；语符翻译是用非文字符号解释文字符号，如图画、手势、音乐符号等。
大学英语翻译教程-第八讲
8.1.1 增补回答句中省略的词语
在回答英语一般疑问句时，通常采用省略句。汉译 时，为了使表达清楚、意思完整，有时需要增补省 却的词语。如： (3) Are you hungry? Not very. (4) Shall I bring you a dictionary or an encyclopaedia? Both, please. (5) When are they due to arrive? In about two hours. (6) Can energy be changed from one form into another? Yes, it can.
（22）My teaching, my family and my friends are more than enough to fill my time.
8.2.1增加动词
(23) Sanctions admittedly pressed harder on some countries than others. (24) The molecules get closer and closer with the pressure. (25) Measuring is an intricate problem and long experience is required for its mastery.
8.2.4 增加表示名词复数的词语
(42) Not many yards below the surface, the pressure on each square foot is a matter of tons. (43) Sensor switches are located near the end of each feed belt. (44) From the experiments, scientists learned that ocean currents there are far more erratic than they had thought.
大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向 )第六章 商贸翻译
由于国际贸易双方具有非常明确的目的，在其签订合同或起草来往的函电中 往往使用缩略词来简化术语表达。这些缩略语是双方都了解的国际通用的表 达术语，既节省了双方的时间，又能准确表达其目的，所以在实际运用中是 非常流行的，也被贸易双方所接受，这也是学生需要重点学习的。如：
OPEC (The organization of petroleum Exporting Country)石油输出组织。
专业术语：汇付remit 信汇mail transfer 订金down payment 跟单托收documentary collection 缩写词：提单 B/L ( Bill of Landing) 装箱单 P/L (Packing List) 商船 M.V. (Merchant Vessel)
特定含义：他经常向有困难的人主动提供帮助。 He always offers his help to those who meet difficulties.
目的港船上交货（Delivered EX Ship，DES） 未完税交货（Delivered Duty Unpaid，DDU）
目的港码头交货（Delivered EX Quay，DEQ） 完税后交货（Delivered Duty Paid，DDP）
象征性交货( Symbolic Delivery )
良好平均品质（Fair Average Quality, FAQ）
对等样品；回样（Counter Sample） 拼箱货（ Less than Container Load, LCL ）
国际多式联运（International Multimodal Transport 或 International Combined Transport， 美国也
《大学汉英翻译教程》 第三章 词语的英译与常用技巧
• 鲁迅先生在这里描绘的是一个病入膏肓的人物形象。 “阳文”是指印章或某些器物上所刻或所铸的突出 文字和花纹。如果不深入分析原文的蕴涵意义，将 阳文的“八”译为character "eight" cut in relief， 虽然译出了原文的指称意义，却无法再现鲁迅先生 对形容枯槁的小栓形象的生动的描摹。杨氏夫妇采 用变通手法，用英语中字母“V”倒置的形象生动地 传递了原文的蕴含意义，再现了原文作者笔下真实 细致的形象。
• ⑶ ……只因生得妩媚风流，满学中都送了两个 外号：一个叫“香怜”，一个叫“玉爱”。 （曹雪芹《红楼梦》）
• But on account of their good looks and charm they were nicknamed Sweetie and Lovely. （杨 宪益、戴乃迭译）
research, but his younger brother in fame and gain.
跟前几句都不同。 • ⑤你帮了我们不少忙，这一点儿小意思，请收
下。
• You have helped us a lot. This is a little gift as a token of our appreciation. Please accept it.
• 这里的“意思”指称意义是“略表心意”，属 于汉语文化中按其指称意义来直译。 在汉语中，数词有时只具有象征意义，即 不表示确切的量，只用来形容大小、轻重、 程度等的概念。这类数词在英译时，不必 按其指称意义直接译出，可以按其蕴含意 义，用英语的习惯方法来译。
大学英语实用翻译教程Unit 3(1) 直译与意译
根据《圣经》故事《马太福音》（20: 2-16，Matthew）： 葡萄园主招人到园里工作，议定一天一钱银子。他清早雇用了一 批工人，11 小时之后，快收工时，他又雇用了一批。收工时，迟来的 和早来的一样，都获得一钱银子工资。早来晚来，报酬都一个样，何 必早来呢？真是“来得早不如来得巧”，不如在关键、最后决定时刻 来。自从有了这个故事以后，人们便大量使用 at the eleventh hour 这 个成语，含义也固定下来，成为“最后（关键、危急）时刻”。
Liberal Translation 意译
在汉译英时，也可采用类似的方法来表达不为西方读者 所熟悉的意向或含义。 1）两岸同胞要加强交往，促进经济文化交流，继续拓展 领域、提高层次，推动直接“三通”。 The compatriots on both sides of the Straits need to increase contacts, promote economic and cultural exchanges in more areas and at higher levels and push for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade. 2) 我过去受的那些委屈和刺激，比起他来，简直就是小 巫见大巫，算不了什么。 What little pain and adversity I’ve experienced so far are simply nothing compared to what he' s gone through.
3.1.2 意译（Liberal Translation ）
21世纪大学实用英语综合教程(第四册)课后翻译答案(有汉语)
1. 在坚强意志的驱动下，他终于完成了他所承担的任务。
Driven by a strong will, he eventually fulfilled the task he had undertaken2. 他许诺一到那儿就给我写信，但至今仍杳无音信。
He promised to write to me as soon as he got there, but nothing has been heard of him so far. 3. 老板从来没有对任何员工如此满意过，这个年轻人确实是个难得的人才。
The boss has never been so pleased with any employee before. The young man is a real find. 4.在医生和护士的帮助下，病人再一次站了起来，不久便重新开始工作。
With the help of the doctors and nurses, the patient was able to stand on his feet once more and soon resumed working.5．老人那张布满皱纹的脸表明了他一辈子所忍受的苦难。
The old man’s wrinkled face spoke of the hardships he had endured in his life.6. 当她身体恢复了一些，她就倚在窗口，望着孩子们在草地上玩耍。
When she recovered somewhat, she leaned on the window watching the children play on the lawn.1. 他没有通过考试，但这是他自己的过错，他从来就不用功。
He failed the test but it was his own fault; he never did any work.2．她告诉我她被一个自称(claim)为银行家儿子的年轻人骗了。
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Chapter one 2012-3-27
❤翻译可分为口译interpretation和笔译translation。
❤Interpretation can be divided into two types: one is consecutive interpretation, another is simultaneous interpretation.
❤翻译三原则（George Washington Campbell，Alexander Fraser Tytler）
1.原作的意义、意思
2.原作的思想、精神
3.流畅、通顺
❤翻译方法1.直译literal translation 2.意译free translation 3.音译transliteration
❤山雨欲来风满楼The coming events cast their shadows before.
才学最差，叫喊最多The worst wheel of a cart creaks most.
与……狼狈为奸hand in glove with…
乱七八糟at sixes and sevens
千载难逢once in a blue moon
路必有弯，势必有转机It is a long lane that has no turning.
家丑不可外扬It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest.
❤The main principles of TRANSLITERA TION
1.准确读音
2.正确拼写姓名拼写中姓与名要空一格首字母要大写eg. Pu Songling
地名拼写中首字母大写不空格eg. Fujian Guangdong Xi’an
一般来说除地名人名之外其他专有名词英译时首字母要大写如汉Han;
一般名词要小写
3.弄清词源有些词需要追溯到最初发音以利于音译eg.菩萨Bodhisattva
4.约定俗成eg. 孙中山Sun Y at-sen 宋庆龄Soong Ching Ling 陈嘉庚Tan Kah Kee
5.准确回译eg. 纽约New Y ork
6.缩略语复原eg. 闽Fujian 武大Wuhan University
Chapter two 2012-3-28
❤The classification of CULTURE
1.物质文化material culture
2.制度文化institutional culture
3.心理文化mental culture
❤中英思维方式对比
1.中国人注重伦理，英美人注重认知
2.中国人注重整体、偏重综合性思维；英美人注重个体、偏重分析性思维
3.中国人重直觉，英美人重实证
4.中国人重形象思维，英美人重逻辑思维
Chapter three 2012-3-31
❤词语的指称意义与蕴含意义的对比
1.指称意义是词语在交际过程中所表达的字面的最基本的意义，相当于一种约定俗
成的认知
2.蕴含意义的理解与表达eg:His wife was unfaithful to him, and he became a cuckold.
他老婆红杏出墙，给他戴了顶绿帽子。
此处注意红和绿。
❤词语英译与语言语境
1.根据语言语境确定原文词义：“醉心于……”be engrossed in褒be infatuated with
贬
2.根据语言环境选择译文用词：①Mum gave a book as my birthday present .
②It’s raining and I have brought you an umbrella.
3.根据语言语境消除歧义
❤语言环境和词语感情色彩的传达
❤词语英译与文化语境
e.g. 一肚子的酒，几乎全化作醋酸……（钱钟书，《围城》）
The wine in Xinmei’s stomach turned to vinegar in his jealousy.
“醋酸”代表吃醋而不可直接翻译为vinegar
e.g. 今天饭菜不好，请多包涵。
There are best dishes we are able to prepare. Please make yourself at home.
Chapter four 2012-4-3
❤简单句与省译法：①省译特定的范畴词，如“现象”、“局面”等。
E.g. The molecules are perpetually in motion.分子处于永恒的运动状态中。
②省译原文中不言而喻的词语。
E.g. This is the fundamental road to prosperity.这是走向繁荣的最根本的道路。
③省略华而不实的修饰语。
④省略某些动词。
E.g. Mutual understanding is the basis for state-to-state relations.相互了解是发展国与国之间关系的前提。
❤复句与增译法：①语义性增词②结构性增词③为沟通不同文化而增词（专有名词的解释etc。
）
❤长句翻译：①顺译法②断句法③合并法
Chapter five 2012-4-11
❤英语篇章结构方面段落较短，语义相互关联的几句话就可以组成一个段落。
而中文段落所包含的信息量较大。
句群结构调整的问题
❤篇章衔接
Chapter six 2012-4-18
❤小说的特点：①意境和氛围②个性化的语言方式
❤小说的翻译要求：①透过表面意义、看到文字的精神；
e.g.: When you are getting on in years, you tend to have a feeling that seems rather odd, but, in fact, not very much so. 人到了老年，会有一种似乎奇怪又不奇怪的现象。
②熟谙英汉两种语言，译文浑然一体
e.g.: Having studied at the school for one year, I found that my grades had gone far apart: my Chinese(called “national language”then) was top of the class and so was my fine art(called “drawing” at that time); but in English I brought up the rear; in other subject, I was just above average…As a twelve-or-thirteen-year-old junior school student, I was naughty you bet, and my naughtiness also topped the class.
入学之后，一年下来，我的各门功课就相差太悬殊了！语文（当时叫国文）全班第一；美术（当时叫图画）全班第一；而英语（当时叫英文）全班倒数第一……作为一个十二、三岁的初中生，爱玩爱闹，我的顽皮程度，可能也是全班第一。