pajek中文使用手册
pajek使用手册
pajek使用手册Pajek使用手册1：简介1.1 Pajek是什么？1.2 Pajek的特点和优势1.3 Pajek的主要应用领域2：安装与配置2.1 和安装Pajek2.2 配置Pajek的环境变量2.3 打开Pajek界面3：数据导入与导出3.1 导入网络数据3.2 导入节点属性数据3.3 导入边属性数据3.4 导出网络数据3.5 导出分析结果4：基本操作4.1 创建新项目4.2 打开已有项目4.3 添加、删除和编辑节点4.4 添加、删除和编辑边4.5 设置节点和边属性4.6 图形操作：缩放、平移、旋转和放大 4.7 保存和关闭项目5：网络分析5.1 度分布分析5.2 群聚系数分析5.3 中心性分析5.4 社区检测算法5.5 强连通分量分析5.6 可视化网络分析结果5.7 导出分析结果数据6：高级功能6.1 模型拟合与预测6.2 动态网络分析6.3 多网络拓扑分析6.4 插件和扩展功能7：常见问题与解决方案7.1 Pajek运行缓慢怎么办？7.2 如何导入大规模网络数据？7.3 如何处理缺失数据？7.4 如何解释分析结果？8：附件本文档附带的附件包括演示数据、示例项目和额外资料，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用Pajek。
9：法律名词及注释- 知识产权：指人们在创作上所享有的权益。
- 数据隐私：指对个人或组织的数据进行保护，防止未经授权的访问和使用。
- 著作权：指对文学、艺术作品享有的独占权利。
- 许可证：指授权他人使用某一产品或服务的合法凭证。
注：本文档仅供参考使用，未经许可不得用于商业目的。
Pajek操作手册
2 Pajek 的主要特点
简单的说，Pajek 的特点主要表现在三个方面。在本章的三小节中将一一简单介绍。
2.1 计算的快速性
Pajek 为用户提供了一整套快速有效的算法，可用于分析大型的（节点书数以万计的）
一般来说，图的分类有两种方法。根据图中的边是否具有方向性，可以将图分为有向图 和无向图两种。实际上，当我们忽略边的方向的时候，或者反过来看认为任何一条边都是双 向的时候，有向图就成为无向图。因此，关于无向图的所有性质都可以在有向图中研究。另 外，根据图中是否考虑各条边的权重，可以将它分为有权图和无权图。同样地，如果将有权 图的各边权值都设为 1，有权图就称为无权图。因此，关于无权图的所有性质也可以在有权
used sequence of elementary operations as a macro and run it as a single command. Using systems of macros, Pajek is adapted to special groups of users. In this article, with some typical examples, the main applications of Pajek are discussed to analysis the topology of complex networks.
复杂网络仿真平台
摘要
复杂网络的概念已经在计算机、生物、物理以及社会科学等各个领域中得到广泛的应用。 尽管复杂网络的类型举不胜举，但是所有的复杂网络都可以用共同的模型——图来描述。 Pajek 以网络图的模型为基础，以六种数据类型为形式，以其快速有效性和人性化的特点， 为复杂网络的分析提供了一个仿真平台。它集成了一系列快速有效的算法用于分析复杂网络 的拓扑结构，包括从局部的角度分析网络节点和边的性质、利用抽象化的手段分析网络的全 局结构、实现各种类型网络图之间的相互转换以及随即图的生成等。Pajek 利用一个三维的 可视化界面，为用户提供了一系列可视化工具。允许用户通过手动或者自动的调节节点位置、 旋转网络图等方法，从视觉的角度直观地分析网络模型。此外，Pajek 中的宏文件允许用户 将一系列常用的操作保存为一个文件，从而能够有效地满足各种类型用户的不同需求。本文 将结合具体的实例，分章节讨论 Pajek 在分析复杂网络拓扑结构中的应用。
pajek 中文使用手册
Pajek分析和可视化大型网络的程序参考手册List of commands with short explanationversion 1.16Vladimir Batagelj and Andrej Mrvar翻译：先红、一生有我、傻大师、沧海回眸、AndyChang、comp network、遥遥、大头、三叶草整理：饭团Ljubljana, October 4, 20061996, 2006 V. Batagelj, A. Mrvar. Free for noncommercial use.PdfLaTex version October 1, 2003Vladimir BatageljDepartment of Mathematics, FMF University of Ljubljana, Slovenia http://vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/ vladimir.batagelj@fmf.uni-lj.siAndrej MrvarFaculty of Social Sciences University of Ljubljana, Slovenia http://mrvar.fdv.uni-lj.si/ andrej.mrvar@fdv.uni-lj.si目录1.Pajek介绍 (1)2.数据对象 (3)3 主窗口工具栏 (7)3.1 File（文件） (7)3.2 Net（网络） (11)3.3 Nets(网) (26)3.4 Operation（操作） (28)3.5 Partition（分类） (34)3.6 Partitions（分类） (35)3.7 Vector（向量） (35)3.8 Vectors（向量） (36)3.9 Permutation（排序） (37)3.10 Cluster（类） (37)3.11 Hierarchy（层次） (37)3.12 Options（选项） (38)3.13 Info(信息) (40)3.14 Tools(工具) (40)4 绘图窗口工具 (42)4.1 主窗口绘图工具 (42)4.2 Layout（布局） (42)4.3 Layers（图层） (43)4.4 GraphOnly（仅图形） (44)4.5 Previous（退回到前一次操作） (44)4.6 Redraw（重绘） (44)4.7 Next（下一步） (44)4.8 Options（选项） (45)4.9 Export (导出) (47)4.10 Spin（旋转） (49)4.11 Move（移动） (49)4.12 Info (信息) (49)5 Exports to EPS/SVG/VRML (50)5.1 Defaults (默认值) (50)5.2 Parameters in EPS,SVG and VRML Defaults Window（在EPS/SVG/VRML默认窗口中的参数） (50)5.3 Exporting Pictures to EPS/SVG — 在输入文件中定义参数 (52)6 在Pajek中使用Macros（宏） (57)6.1 什么是Macro（宏）？ (57)6.2 怎样标明一段宏？ (57)6.3 如何运行宏？ (57)6.4 例子 (57)6.5 重复最后的命令 (57)附加信息 (59)1.Pajek介绍Pajek 运行在Windows环境，用于带上千及至数百万个结点大型网络的分析和可视化操作。
Pajek操作手册(新)
摘要
复杂网络的概念已经在计算机、 生物、 物理以及社会科学等各个领域中得到广泛的应用。 尽管复杂网络的类型举不胜举，但是所有的复杂网络都可以用共同的模型——图来描述。 Pajek 以网络图的模型为基础，以六种数据类型为形式，以其快速有效性和人性化的特点， 为复杂网络的分析提供了一个仿真平台。 它集成了一系列快速有效的算法用于分析复杂网络 的拓扑结构， 包括从局部的角度分析网络节点和边的性质、 利用抽象化的手段分析网络的全 局结构、实现各种类型网络图之间的相互转换以及随即图的生成等。Pajek 利用一个三维的 可视化界面， 为用户提供了一系列可视化工具。 允许用户通过手动或者自动的调节节点位置、 旋转网络图等方法，从视觉的角度直观地分析网络模型。此外，Pajek 中的宏文件允许用户 将一系列常用的操作保存为一个文件， 从而能够有效地满足各种类型用户的不同需求。 本文 将结合具体的实例，分章节讨论 Pajek 在分析复杂网络拓扑结构中的应用。
used sequence of elementary operations as a macro and run it as a single command. Using systems of macros, Pajek is adapted to special groups of users. In this article, with some typical examples, the main applications of Pajek are discussed to analysis the topology of complex networks.
1.2 Pajek 的产生背景
与一般计算机图的结构相比， 复杂网络的复杂性最主要表现在节点数目庞大， 通常达到 几千甚至几万个。比如，一个大型的家谱图，它的节点数（即人数）可以达到一万个。另外， 一个高分子的结构图中，通常也包含几千个原子。因此，复杂网络的结构比一般的计算机图 的结构要复杂得多。目前，虽然已经存在不少算法来对复杂网络的这种拓扑结构进行分析， 但它们通常都是基于复杂网络的矩阵表达形式， 因而非常耗时耗空间， 它们仅仅适用于中等 规模（即节点数为几百）的网络。因此，当务之急就是需要一种快速有效的软件来分析和仿 真复杂网络。Pajek 就是这样一种软件[13]。 Pajek 在斯拉夫语中表示的意思是“蜘蛛” 。众所周知，蜘蛛是生物中的织网高手，它编 织网络的能力令人叹为观止。而 Pajek 这个软件不仅为用户提供了一整套快速有效的用来分 析复杂网络的算法， 而且还提供了一个可视化的界面。 让用户可以从视觉的角度更加直观地 了解复杂网络的结构特性。 接下来的几个章节，第二章简单介绍了 Pajek 功能的三个主要特点；第三章中初步介绍 了 Pajek 的六种数据类型；第四章到第七章将结合复杂网络的拓扑结构特点详细分析 Pajek 的功能，并且给出具体的应用实例；第八章讨论了 Pajek 的可视化特点，从视觉的角度分析 复杂网络图的结构；第九章介绍了 Pajek 中宏文件的应用。
派贝克服装CAD操作手册2009
目录目录 (1)第一章系统介绍 (3)第一节派贝克®（PAYBACK)服装CAD系统简介 (3)第二节派贝克®（PAYBACK)服装CAD系统制作流程 (3)第三节派贝克®（PAYBACK)服装CAD系统的价值 (4)第二章软件操作说明（基础编） (5)第一节菜单栏介绍 (5)一.文件 (5)二.素材库 (5)三.输入 (7)四.系统设置 (9)五.尺码表 (11)第二节纸样中心 (12)一.纸样中心常用工具 (12)二.纸样中心专用工具 (15)I.画线工具组： (15)II.求点工具组： (18)III.专用工具组 (19)IV.点线编辑工具组 (21)V.省褶工具组； (23)VI.生成裁片 (26)第三节裁片中心 (26)一.裁片中心常用工具 (26)二.裁片中心专用工具 (29)I.裁片标识 (29)II.工艺线 (31)III.裁片分割 (32)IV.褶裥 (33)V.旋转修整 (34)VI.放码 (35)第四节排料中心 (38)一.设置 (38)二.排料 (39)三.显示 (40)四.检测 (41)五.清除 (41)六.对条格 (41)七.排料报告 (41)八.其它 (42)九.裁片区 (43)十.混排 (44)第五节打印输出 (44)一.绘图仪输出 (44)二.切割机输出 (46)三.打印机输出 (46)第六节文件格式转换 (47)一.PLT格式文件 (47)二.DXF格式文件 (47)I.打开DXF格式文件 (47)II.保存DXF格式文件 (47)三.裁床格式文件 (47)第七节帮助 (48)一.主题 (48)二.快捷键列表 (48)I.文件处理快捷键 (48)II.纸样中心快捷键 (48)III.显示快捷键 (48)IV.裁片中心快捷键 (49)V.排料中心快捷键 (49)三.关于 (49)第三章智能模式（高级编） (50)第一节纸样设计 (50)一.绘图功能 (50)二.编辑功能 (52)三.特殊功能 (55)四.右键菜单 (57)第二节裁片处理 (58)一.缝边标记 (58)二.缝角处理 (60)三.内部线及工艺线设置 (61)四.裁片分割 (62)五.移动裁片 (62)六.点放码 (62)七.右键菜单功能 (65)八.空白处右键功能 (67)第三节快捷键功能 (69)第四章实例 (69)第一节女短裙 (69)第二节女裤 (73)第三节女衬衫 (81)第四节八片开身西服 (86)第一章系统介绍第一节派贝克®（payback)服装CAD系统简介由上海千派服装科技有限公司最新推出的派贝克®（payback)智能服装CAD系统是至今为止智能化程度最高的服装CAD系统。
帕克双设点控制器操作手册说明书
Cylinder Division 1000 6th Street East Owen Sound, Ontario Canada N4K 5P1(519) 376-2691Cylinder Division (U.S.A)500 South Wolf Road Des Plaines, IL 60016(847) 298-2400Service Bulletin 0971-G-B2Series SRX Dual Set Point Controller Operation ManualIssued: August 2002Supersedes: NoneSeries SRX – Dual Set Point Controller Operation ManualThe Parker Dual Set Point Controller relies on information provided by the position feedback sensor located inside the cylinder. The position sensor is a Linear Resistive Transducer (LRT) that acts as a voltage divider when a DC voltage is applied to it. The feedback signal produced by the LRT is dependent on the voltage input supplied. When a DC voltage is applied to the LRT, a relative output voltage (relative to piston position) is produced and sent back to the controller.There are four models available (see Figure 1). Each controller has two relay outputs whose on/off points are adjustable for different application needs.Model Number Input Power Scalable Output1493440002120 VAC 0-10 VDC 1493440003120 VAC 4-20 mA 149344000412-24 VDC 0-10 VDC 149344000512-24 VDC4-20 mAFigure 1. Dual Set Point Controller ModelsEach controller is equipped with two adjustable relay outputs that act as adjustable limit switches. These outputs come with Normally Closed (NC) and Normally Open (NO) contacts. If more than two outputs are needed, up to three controllers may be slaved off of one master unit.Standard electrical connections for each controller are shown in Figure 2. Detailed instructions for connecting power and the LRT are shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively.Figure 3. Power ConnectionsFigure 4. LRT ConnectionsFigure 2. Standard Electrical ConnectionsStandard electrical connections produce standard output operation. Standard output operation is defined by ananalog output signal that is at a minimum when the cylinder is fully retracted, and increases linearly to a maximum when the cylinder is fully extended. Figure 5 on the following page shows ideal voltage output versus cylindertravel and the corresponding relay output actions.Figure 5. Output ConfigurationsThe outputs from Relay 1 and Relay 2 are adjustable over the entire range of cylinder movement. Set-Point 1 can be adjusted beyond Set-Point 2. If the Continuous Cycle Mode is used, Set-Point 2 must be adjusted beyond Set-Point 1. See Figure 5. Figures 6-A thru 6-D show relay contact configurations for standard operating modes.Figure 6-AFigure 6-BFigure 6-CFigure 6-DIndependent Relay ModeNon-Inverted OperationInstall load to Normally Open (NO) side of the relays. Pin 10 for Relay 1 and Pin 13 for Relay 2. Refer to Figure 2for electrical connections. When the load is connected to the NO sides of the relays, the output will turn on when the analog output is greater than its set point and turn off when the analog output is less than its set point.Inverted OperationInstall load to Normally Closed (NC) side of the relays. Pin 9 for Relay 1 and Pin 12 for Relay 2. Refer to Figure 2for electrical connections. When the load is connected to the NC sides of the relays, the output will turn off when the analog output is greater than its set point and turn on when the analog output is less than its set point.Limit Switch OperationInstall load to one Normally Closed (NC) relay lead and one Normally Open (NO) relay lead. Pin 9 for Relay 1 and Pin 13 for Relay 2. Refer to Figure 2 for electrical connections. This arrangement turns on Relay 1 when the analog output is less than Set-Point 1, and turns on Relay 2 when the analog output is greater than Set-Point 2.Continuous Cycle ModeInstall load to Normally Open (NO) side of the relays. Pin 10 for Relay 1 and Pin 13 for Relay 2. Refer to Figure 2 for electrical connections. When the load is connected to the NO sides of the relays, the output will turn on when the analog output is greater than its set point, and turn off when the analog output is less than its set point.As one output turns on, the other turns off and vice-versa. This mode of operation allows for continuous cyclingof a cylinder between two adjustable limits. Set-Point 1 control potentiometer is used to set the inner limit andSet-Point 2 control potentiometer is used to set the outer limit. Set-Point 1 must be less than Set-Point 2.To activate the Continuous Cycle Mode, move Jumper 1 to Position B (see Figure 7). This enables the Continuous Cycle Mode and disables the Independent Relay Mode.As illustrated in Figure 7, the Independent Relay Mode of operation is factory enabled with Jumper 1 in Position A.Position A Independent Relay ModePosition B Continuous Cycle ModeFigure 7. Operating Mode Selection Using Jumper 1Jumper 1 is located on the bottom side of the circuit board. The jumper can be accessed by removing all four corner screws of the controller. At this point, the cover and circuit board should come out of the base. Turn the cover and circuit board over so that the bottom of the circuit board is visible. The jumper is located in the upper right-hand corner. The jumper can be moved into Position A or B by pulling up on the black jumper and placing it over the appropriate pins as illustrated in Figure 7.When the jumper is located in the desired position, place the circuit board and cover back into the base and tighten all four corner screws.Setting the Switch Points of OutputAt this point, make sure all electrical connections have been made properly and apply power to the controller. Each controller has the same controls and uses the same set-up procedure.To set the switch point of output 1:1.Turn Set-Point potentiometer 1 (Set 1) fully counter-clockwise.2.Move the cylinder piston to the desired position where output 1 should switch on and off.3.Observe Set-Point 1 LED.4.Rotate Set-Point potentiometer 1 (Set 1) clockwise until Set-Point 1 LED just changes state (on to off orvice-versa).To set the switch point of output 2:1.Turn Set-Point potentiometer 2 (Set 2) fully clockwise.2.Move the cylinder piston to the desired position where output 2 should switch on and off.3.Observe Set-Point 2 LED.4.Rotate Set-Point potentiometer 2 (Set 2) counter-clockwise until Set-Point 2 LED just changes state.Scalable OutputThere are two different types of output: 0V to 10V and 4mA to 20mA. Each type is available for AC or DC power.Output Boundaries and ActionsStandard output operation produces minimum analog output at minimum cylinder extension and maximum analog output at maximum extension. Figure 8 plots ideal analog output versus cylinder travel.For some applications, it may be desirable to reverse this operation and have maximum analog output at minimum extension and minimum output at maximum extension. This can be achieved by switching the wires at Pins 3 and 5 of the control unit as shown before in Figure 2. The resulting output is reversed and is illustrated in Figure 9.Figure 8. Standard Analog Output Figure 9. Reversed Analog OutputScaling the OutputScaling is a feature that allows a controllers output boundaries to be adjusted to individual application needs.The minimum analog output point (offset) is adjustable, as well as the distance from the minimum output that the cylinder must travel until maximum analog output is achieved. This distance is the span. The output boundaries provide minimum and maximum output with linear output between the two limits.Figure 10 illustrates the allowable output adjustment range for standard output operation as a percentage of full cylinder extension. Figure 11 illustrates the allowable output range for reversed output operation. The shaded region of each graph represents the allowable area where full analog output can be achieved.Figure 10. Standard Output Range Figure 11. Reversed Output RangeThe figures illustrate two important facts:1.The maximum offset is 50% of the cylinder stroke.This is the right boundary.2.The minimum span is 50% of the cylinder stroke.This is the left boundary.Figures 12 and 13illustrate acceptable and unacceptable calibrations, respectively, for a cylinder with a 12" stroke.Line #Offset Max. Position Span10"12"12"22"10"8"35"11"6"Figure 12. Acceptable Calibration Schemes Line #Offset Max. Position Span12"7"5"24"8"4"34"Figure 13. Unacceptable Calibration SchemesThe setting of the analog output is accomplished by adjusting the potentiometers “OFFSET” and “SPAN”.ØThe “OFFSET” adjustment is used to set the desired minimum analog output point.ØThe “SPAN” adjustment is used to set the desired maximum analog output point.Clockwise = Output Increases Counterclockwise = Output DecreasesSetting Scalable OutputThe procedure used to set the analog output is as follows:Setting the Offset (minimum output point)1.Move the cylinder piston to the minimum position desired.2.On 0-10 VDC controllers: Place a voltmeter across Pins 6 (Analog Out) and 7 (Analog Gnd).3.On 4-20 mA controllers: Place an ammeter in series with the load to be driven. Current sources from Pin 6(Analog Out) and returns to Pin 7 (Analog Gnd).4.Adjust the offset potentiometer until the desired minimum output is reached. Setting the Span (distance between minimum and maximum analog output)1.Move the cylinder piston to the maximum position desired.2.On 0-10 VDC controllers: Place a voltmeter across Pins 6 (Analog Out) and 7 (Analog Gnd).3.On 4-20 mA controllers: Place an ammeter in series with the load to be driven. Current sources from Pin 6(Analog Out) and returns to Pin 7 (Analog Gnd).4.Adjust the span potentiometer until the desired output is reached.Repeat steps 1 and 2 respectively in order to fine tune the retract and extend output signals.This completes the scaling procedure. At this point, the controller is set up and ready for use.TroubleshootingThe controllers operate on very fundamental principles, which greatly reduce the likelihood of problems. If a problem arises, there are several items to check before consulting your distributor.1.Verify that all connections have been made properly.2.Verify that the required power source is working.3.Verify that the LRT output (0 to 10 VDC) at Pin 4 is changing with cylinder movement.If all of these check out, contact the Cylinder Division for further assistance.System SpecificationsEnclosure Dimensions: 1.31” H x 5.56” W x 3.31”DShipping Weight: 0.80 lbsPower Input Requirements: AC Models 120 V 60 Hz 0.1 AmpsDC Models 12-24 VDC0.1 AmpsInput Fuse: 0.25 AmpsOutput Specification – Set Points:Relay (2) 6 Amps @ 28 VDC6 Amps @ 120/300 VACOutput Specifications: 0-10 VDC, 1 mA MAX output current into 10kΩMIN impedance4-20 mA, into 500Ω MAX impedanceMaximum Zero Offset: 50% of cylinder strokeMinimum Span Range: 50% of cylinder strokeElectronics T emperature Range: 40°F to 160°FFigure 14. Controller DimensionsApplication - Continuous Cycling Using a Three-Position Valve Desired Result: A cylinder/system that will cycle between two adjustable limits.Equipment:Parker Dual Set Point Controller (Continuous Cycle Mode)Double solenoid (24VDC) 3 position valveSeries SRX CylinderFigure 15. Continuous Cycling Electrical Connections Figure 15 illustrates the internal connections of a typical application. Movement of the cylinder is controlled by the double solenoid three position valve. For any movement to occur, an output must be activated.In this application, Relay 1 is used to retract the cylinder and Relay 2 is used to extend the cylinder.By using the Continuous Cycle Mode of the controller, the cylinder will continuously cyclebetween the two set point limits.Figure 16. Output ConfigurationsFigure 16 illustrates the output actions and theideal analog output signal versus cylinder pistontravel.The analog signal can be monitored at Pins 6and 7 (Analog Out and Analog Gnd). Controlpotentiometer 1 (Set 1) is used to adjust Set-Point 1 and control potentiometer 2 (Set 2) isused to adjust Set-Point 2.Relay 1 will be activated while the cylinder isretracting to Set-Point 1. When the pistonreaches Set-Point 1, Relay 1 will deactivate andRelay 2 will be activated.Relay 2 will cause the cylinder to extend untilthe piston reaches Set-Point 2, where Relay 1will activate and the process will repeat.Application – Independent Mode Limit Switch OperationDesired Result: A cylinder/system that will activate a warning light if the system is operating outside of the desired limits.Equipment:Parker Dual Set Point Controller (Independent Relay Mode)Motion Control System (e.g. PLC, Valves, Warning Light)Series SRX CylinderFigure 17. Limit Switch Electrical Connections Figure 17 illustrates the internal connections of a typical limit switch application. Movement of the cylinder is controlled by the Motion Control System.By using the Independent Relay Mode with Limit Switch Operation, the controller will monitor the position of the cylinder. As long as the cylinder is within the two set point limits, the warning light will remain off. But if the cylinder moves outside either limit point, the warning light will activate.Figure 18. Output Configurations Figure 18 illustrates the output actions and the ideal analog output signal versus cylinder piston travel.Control potentiometer 1 (Set 1) is used to adjust Set-Point 1 and control potentiometer 2 (Set 2) is used to adjust Set-Point 2.Relay 1 output will be activated when the cylinder retracts beyond Set-Point 1.Relay 2 output will be activated when thecylinder extends beyond Set-Point 2.。
博凯出格系统操作手册
博楷箱包出格系统操作手册一、认识软件1、软件界面博楷箱包出格系统，界面友好，一目了然。
二、工具功能介绍1、标准工具栏新建快捷方式：CTRL+N新建一个新文件开始操作打开快捷方式：CTRL+O打开一个已经存在的文件保存快捷方式：CTRL+S保存当前文件撤消操作快捷方式：CTRL+Z撤消上一步操作，一直可以回退到最后一步撤消回退快捷方式：CTRL+Y撤消被取消的操作，一直可以回退到最近的一步移动视图快捷方式：空格键按下空格键移动正在被操作的视图，放开空格键结束移动视图并且回到正在操作的工具状态下放大放大选择区域，在任何时候用智能鼠标的滚轮向前滚动也可以放大视图快捷方式：W缩小缩小选择区域，在任何时候用智能鼠标的滚轮向后滚动也可以缩小视图快捷方式：E全屏全屏显示，快速将操作区的对象满屏幕显示快捷方式：Q显示/隐藏裁片列表框显示/隐藏标尺显示/隐藏结构图示/隐藏裁片图切换到裁片切割排料，在这里直接将做好的裁片排好用切割机切割出来设置切割的纸张大小，对话框如下：显示/隐藏线条长度快捷方式：F82、常用工具栏选择快捷方式：ESC或者单击右键选择对象，这个工具里有很多对对象的操作功能选择对象—鼠标左键单击对象，按住鼠标左键框选，框选的时候，从左向右拖动可以选择被选中的对象，不在选择区域内的对象不会被选择，从右向左拖动，只要对象的一个端点被框选上，这个对象就会被选择。
删除对象—选择需要的对象，按键盘上的DEL键删除移动对象—选择需要的对象，鼠标放在对象上的除了端点和控制点的其他位置包括中点拖动鼠标即移动对象到需要的位置改变对象的形状和大小，先选择需要操作的对象，然后按住鼠标左键拖动即可改变对象的大小和形状曲线形状调整—手袋的纸格形状各异，变化万千，曲线的编辑很常用，在这个工具里可以非常方便的调整曲线的形状，用鼠标左键在空白点双击即可在这个位置加个点，然后拖动这个点可以调整曲线形状，在已经存在的控制点双击鼠标左键可以删除这个控制点矩形快捷方式：R矩形工具，单击鼠标左键拖动鼠标到想要的位置再次单击鼠标左键，弹出矩形参数对话框，输入正确数值即可完成矩形操作，如下图：梯形矩形工具，单击鼠标左键拖动鼠标到想要的位置再次单击鼠标左键，弹出梯形对话框，输入正确数值即可完成梯形，如下图：直线快捷方式：F直线工具，单击鼠标左键拖动鼠标到想要的位置再次单击鼠标左键，弹出直线对话框，输入正确数值即可完成直线，如下图：曲线快捷方式：S自由曲线，左键单击画线到想要的位置单击右键结束操作，再配合选择工具中的编辑功能，可以完成任何形状的曲线操作，可以自由加控制点，删除控制点，曲线在操作过程中，长度数值会实时显示，回退键可以删除最近的点三点弧快捷方式：D鼠标左键单击，起始点，第二点，出现弧线，再拖动第三点来控制弧线的形状和长度，按住SHIFT键可以做不对称弧线，对话框可以修改弧高度封闭曲线快捷方式：B操作过程同曲线工具，不同的是这个曲线自动封闭垂直线快捷方式：T选择需要的直线，系统会自动捕捉线上点，除了端点和中点，自由点会弹出点位置对话框，可以输入数值确定位置再拖动鼠标画线，到需要的位置再次单击左键后会弹出长度对话框，输入即可，如下图：角度线快捷方式：V鼠标单击参照直线两个端点，拖动鼠标，再次单击左键弹出角度线对话框，可以输入长度和角度，如下图：自由点在操作区内自由定点，遇到线条会弹出点位置对话框，也可以参照已经存在的点做线上位移点，根据需要确定长度，如下图：位移点单击参考点，拖动鼠标到需要位置，再次单击左键，弹出偏移量对话框，位移后的X、Y方向的距离，如下图：等分—等分工具，在需要等分的两点之间，单击第一点拖动到第二点，即可等分，如果是一条完整的线条直接在线上双击左键即可，如下图：等距离点—这个工具用于在一条线上参考一个点，做等距离的两个方向的点，选择线，再选择参考点，拖动鼠标，弹出距离对话框如下图：剪断线—选择线，选择剪断的点位置，单击即可连接线—将多条线连成一条线，选择需要连接的线右键结束双线—单击起始点，结束点，拖动鼠标，再次单击左键弹出双线对话框，如下图：测量—测量工具可以测量直线或者曲线，直线单击两个端点，曲线单击起点，线上任意点，结束点，即可知道线条长度，如下图：删除—选择对象同选择工具操作方法，可框选对象、单选对象删除剪切—选择剪切线再选择被剪切线需要保留的一端以右键结束，即可剪去，如果被剪切的线没有和剪切线相连，则会被连接3、专业工具栏相交平行线—选择两侧的直线，再选择中间的线条，拖动确定后弹如下对话框：多线相交平行线—选择两侧的直线，再选择中间多条线，右键结束后拖动鼠标确定后弹对话框同相交平行线平行线—选择线条，拖动鼠标确定后弹出距离对话框，如下图：圆角—选择相邻两条直线，拖动鼠标确定后弹出对话框如下：角平分线—选择两条相交线条，拖动鼠标确定后弹出角平分线长度对话框如下：多线测量—测量相连的多条线段，直线单击首、尾点，曲线单击首点、中间任意点、尾点，右键结束弹出数据对话框延长线—选择需要延长的线段、开始延长的端点拖动鼠标，弹出延长线对话框两线差---比较两条线的长度差，选择需要比较的线段右键结束弹出对话框如下两组线差—比较两组线的长度差，选择需要比较的线段右键结束弹出对话框同上长度和—几条线的长度和，选择对象右键结束弹出长度对话框同上工字褶—选择需要开褶的两条边，再选择开褶相关的线，以右键结束，再选择开褶的线，弹出工字褶对话框如下图：单褶—选择需要开褶的两条边，再选择开褶相关的线，以右键结束，再选择开褶的线，弹出单褶对话框如下图：多褶—选择需要开褶的两条边，再依次选择开褶相关的线，以右键结束，弹出单褶对话框如下图：拉链窗—选择拉链窗中点，拖动鼠标到需要的形状单击左键弹出对话框如下图：裁片对位选择已经做好牙位的参考裁片中对位的线，选择车缝线的方向，再单击开始点；选择下个裁片中对位的线，选择车缝线方向，再单击开始点，会弹出距离对话框，输入距离；这个时候两个裁片中的会显示出参考线，直接选择参考裁片中的牙位，目标裁片相应的位置会自动生成牙位，并弹出牙位偏移对话框，如下图：输入需要偏移的距离，如果不需要偏移就直接确定搭位和以上的工具操作步骤是一样的，不同的是参考裁片的不同距离设置文字—输入文字，自由输入文字，也可以存储在系统中，下次直接调用生成裁片—生成裁片，框选或者点选裁片的轮廓线，即可生成裁片生成内线—将已经生成在裁片中的内线删除4、纸格工具栏牙位快捷方式：A单击线上需要打牙位的位置，出现如下牙位对话框，不同的位置系统会自动判断：打角打角工具，选择底边线位置和长度，再选择上边线的位置线上阵列选择阵列的线段、需要阵列的对象，弹出如下对话框圆周阵列先选中需要在圆周上阵列的对象，再选择工具，选择图形上任意一点，拖动鼠标到中心，输入对话框中的数据确定即可。
Parker产品操作手册说明书
Operating ManualThank you for your choice of Parker product. Please read this operating manual carefully and use the product correctly. Keep this operating manual in case questions arise about this product in the future. If this operating manual becomes unreadable or lost, consult our distributors or Parker sales offices.For Safety UseThe following safety precautions are provided to prevent damage and injury to personnel and to provide instructions on the correct usage of this product. These precautions are classified into 3 categories: “CAUTION”, ”WARNING”, and “DANGER” according to the severity of possible injury or damage and the likelihood of such injury or damage. Be sure to comply with all precautions. Also comply with safety regulations such as JIS B 8370(*1), Industrial Safety and Health Law, and High Pressure Gas Safety Law, and ISO 4414(*2).Danger:Indicates an impeding hazardous situation whichmay arise due to improper handling or operationand could result in serious personal injury or death.Warning:Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which may arise due to improper handling or operationand could result in serious personal injury or death.Caution:Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which may arise due to improper handling or operationand could result in personal injury or property-damage-only accidents.*1 JIS B8370 : General Rules for Pneumatic Systems*2 ISO 4414: Pneumatic fluid power recommendations for the application of equipment totransmission control system.● This product is designed for air blowgun.Do not use it for other purposes.● Use compressed air from an air compressor.Do not use air from a high pressure tank or any other gas.● Do not blow air from air blowgun towards personnel or animals.Direct air blow or substance blown by air blow can potentially cause injury for humans or animals.● Wear safety glasses and ear plugs.Regardless of the use of this product, wear safety glasses and earplugs when operating an air blowgun. Without proper protection, injury to eyes due to blown dust or noise induced deafness would be potentially caused.● Do not disassemble or modify this product.Disassembling or modification may causes safety accidents in addition to operation failure.● Attach a pipe fitting or joint properly.If a pipe fitting or joint are attached improperly, it may cause danger such as hose whip due to unplugged piping. Confirm the connection of hose, tube or coupler joint is tight as well as the connection to this product prior to use.● Do not use for medical equipment or cooking equipmentThis product contains a small amount of lubricant. If there is concern for contamination due to lubricant, do not use.SpecificationsFluid Compressed air Pressure Range 0.35 to 0.8MPaMaximum Flow *1 1300L/min (＠0.5MPa) Ambient Temperature*210 to 50℃ Pulse Adjustment Range5 to 15HzPort SizeIN Rc1/4OUTR1/4Weight155g*1 “Maximum Flow” in this case is the flow capacity of this product,and actual flow consumption is depending on the attached air blowgun.*2 If the temperature is under the specified temperature, pulse blowmay be unstable. In this case, please use it as continuous blow temporally for a while to reach specified temperature. This product works correctly within the specified ambient temperature.Connection≪取付例≫1. Before Piping, thoroughly flush the inside of each pipe toremove chips, machining oil, and dust etc. If sealing tape is used for the thread, leave 1.5 to 2 thread turns unwrapped. Do not use liquid sealant. It has possibility to contaminate the product and may cause malfunction.Push-in fitting or joint such as coupler(Sold Separately) Air Saver Unit for Air Blowgun“Air Saver Module” HASV08R9IM-E009-aIssued ：Jan.14.2016Air blowgun“Air Saver Module”HASV08R Reference blowgun:Parker LegrisPart Number: 0659 00 13(Sold Separately)WarningCaution<Example of attachment>2.When installing piping or a joint, prevent contamination of chips or sealing agent. Also tightening torque should be within the range indicated below.Port Size Tightening Torque (N ･m)R ・Rc1/412 to 143.An air filter (Nominal filtration rating of 5 micron or smaller) must be placed upstream of piping. There is no need for additional lubrication.4. Attach the piping towards the direction of air flow described on the body. If it is opposite direction, this product does not work.5.This product must be attached directly to an air blow gun. If connected with any part such as coupler, it has the possibility to decrease the capability due to pressure loss.6.This product is not water & drip proof. Do not install this product in a place with direct water contact (rain, etc). Also install this product in a place without dew condensation or direct sunlight.Product Function[Pulse Adjustment Screw]This is a throttle valve for pulse ON time adjustment (Approx.5 to 15 Hz). When tightening this screw clockwise with flat-bladedscrewdriver, the air ON time will be longer. When loosening the screw counter clockwise, the air ON time will be shorter. The air OFF time is fixed for approx. 30ms. Adjust the air ON time in accordance with using air blowgun or object. Control angle is approx. single rotation of the screw. When tightening at the end of clockwise, it will stop air output, however it is not malfunction.[Pulse/ Continuous Switching Button]Press this button when requiring continuous blow. When pushing this button, air blows continuously. To keep continuous blow, press this button and turn the button 90 degrees. To release from this mode, press this button and turn counter clockwise for pulse blow mode.DimensionsNotes for Usage● Discharge drain from upstream air filter periodically. If periodic drain discharge is difficult, Parker recommends setting up an air filter with automatic drain.● Maintenance compressor periodically. If sludge, which isproduced in compressor oil, enters pneumatic equipment, it will cause operation failure of pneumatic equipment. Coalescing filter removes oil and sludge which cannot be removed by air filter. Parker recommends setting up a coalescing filter.Effect of Pulse BlowIn many factories, air blow accounts for more than 50% of total compressed air consumption. Pulse blow can be a measure forsaving energy by reducing the consumption of compressed air while maintaining the same capability of air blow operation.・Hole machining, tap, chip removing of complex shape work ・Removing stuck dust or viscous liquid ・Blowing at narrow space・Reducing load of compressor ・Energy saving activityPulse blow is especially effective for works listed above, however it is not for all applications. There is a possibility to reduce the removal effectiveness depending on the air blowgun. Parker recommends attaching to an air blowgun that has nozzle diameter bigger than I.D.2mm and low pressure loss.Also, for the case of using reduced pressure for air supply, installing this product without regulator enables a low energy loss circuit, which provides improved blow effectiveness compared to the current circuit.Kuroda Pneumatics Ltd(Parker Hannifin Automation Division Japan)10243 Kamakazu, Asahi city, Chiba 289-2505, JapanE-mail:********************10HzWhen screwing, seal tape may enters the product and cause malfunction.Leave space of 1.5 -2 turnsUse half width seal tape. It may reduce cost as well. Cut with knife.(Not good)(Good) Air Blow Gun Connecting Port (R1/4)Pulse Control Trimmer[Note] ● Please contact our distributors or Parker for after-sales service. ● Please keep this operating manual.15HzPressure Supply Port (Rc1/4)Vent HolePulse/ContinuousSwitching ButtonFlow Flow Current Circuit Pulse Blow A i r C o n s u m p t i o n L /m i nA i r C o n s u m p t i o n L /m i nTime (sec)Time (sec) Pulse Adjustment Screw (ON Time Control)Pulse/ Continuous Switching button Time Time。
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Pajek分析和可视化大型网络的程序参考手册List of commands with short explanatio nversion 1.16Vladimir Batagelj and Andrej Mrvar翻译：先红、一生有我、傻大师、沧海回眸、AndyChang、comp network、遥遥、大头、三叶草整理：饭团Ljubljana, October 4, 20061996, 2006 V. Batagelj, A. Mrvar. Free for noncommercial use.PdfLaTex version October 1, 2003Vladimir BatageljDepartment of Mathematics, FMF University of Ljubljana, Slovenia http://vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/****************************.siAndrej MrvarFaculty of Social Sciences University of Ljubljana, Slovenia http://mrvar.fdv.uni-lj.si/***********************.si目录1.Paje k介绍 (1)2.数据对象 (3)3 主窗口工具栏 (7)3.1 File（文件） (7)3.2 N et（网络） (11)3.3 N ets(网) (26)3.4 Operation（操作） (28)3.5 Partitio n（分类） (34)3.6 Partitions（分类） (35)3.7 Vector（向量） (35)3.8 V ect ors（向量） (36)3.9 Permutation（排序） (37)3.10 Cluster（类） (37)3.11 Hierarchy（层次） (37)3.12 Options（选项） (38)3.13 Info(信息) (40)3.14 Tools(工具) (40)4 绘图窗口工具 (42)4.1 主窗口绘图工具 (42)4.2 Layout（布局） (42)4.3 Layers（图层） (43)4.4 GraphOn l y（仅图形） (44)4.5 Previous（退回到前一次操作） (44)4.6 Redraw（重绘） (44)4.7 N ext（下一步） (44)4.8 Options（选项） (45)4.9 Export (导出) (47)4.10 Spin（旋转） (49)4.11 Mo ve（移动） (49)4.12 Info (信息) (49)5 Exports to E PS/SVG/VRML (50)5.1 Defaults (默认值) (50)5.2 Parameters in EPS,SVG and VRML Defaults Window（在EPS/SVG/VRML默认窗口中的参数） (50)5.3 Exporting Pictures to EPS/SVG —在输入文件中定义参数 (52)6 在Pajek中使用Macros（宏） (57)6.1 什么是Macro（宏）？ (57)6.2 怎样标明一段宏？ (57)6.3 如何运行宏？ (57)6.4 例子 (57)6.5 重复最后的命令 (57)附加信息 (59)希望对使用Pajek 进行网络分析有一个概览，请阅读NICTA 工作室的幻灯片：Batagelj V.: Workshop on Network Analysis, Sydney, Australia: 14th to 17th June 2005; at Nicta (National ICT Australia). http://vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/pub/networks/doc/#NICTA2.数据对象Pajek 是专门用来分析大型网络（含有成百上千个结点）的专用程序。
包含如下六种参数：3 Pajek 1.16 / October 4, 2006图4：Pajek 主窗口1. Networks（网络）－主要对象（结点和边）。
默认扩展名为：.net。
在输入文件中，网络有多种表现方法：·利用弧线/边（如：1 2－从1 到2 的连线）·利用弧线列表/边序列（如：1 2 3－从1 到2 的连线和从1 到3 的连线）·矩阵格式·UCINET，GEDCOM，化学式关于网络绘制的更详细的信息包含在输入文件中，在'Exports to EPS/SVG/VRML'章节中对此有相关介绍。
2. Partitions（分类）－它指明了每个结点分别属于哪个类，默认扩展名为:.clu。
3. Permutations（排序）－将结点重新排列，默认扩展名：.p er。
4. Clusters（类）－结点的子集（如：来自分类中的一个类）。
默认扩展名：.c ls。
5. Hierarchies（层次）－按层次关系排列的结点，例：根结点Root 下面有两个子群－g1 和g2。
g2 是一个叶结点，包含v5、v6、v7 三个结点。
g1 又包含两个子群---g11 和g12...默认扩展名：.hie。
6. Vectors（向量）－指明每个结点具有的数字属性（实数）。
默认扩展名：.vec。
双击所选的网络、分类…就可以在屏幕上显示这个对象。
pajek 主窗口中的程序(见图4)是根据输入时的数据类型来组织编排的。
排序、分类和向量用于分别从不同角度反映结点的性质，例如结点组织顺序、类别和数字特性。
paiek -Manual 5Fi g ur e 5: Spider we b;Ph o t o:Vladimir B atage lj.pajek -M anual 6Parti tion Permutation ClusterHi archyVectorPajek Project Pile SaveExport Matrix to EPS • Change LabelDisposeRepeat session Ctrl+S Show Report WindowRefres h ObjectsExitClusterJ jPajek – Manual 73 主窗口工具栏3.1 File（文件）六种数据对象的输入/输出操作：z网络network－N－Read（读）－从Ascii 文件中读取网络。
－Edit（编辑网络）－选择结点，显示其邻居，然后：* 添加新边到选定结点（在新边上双击鼠标左键）* 删除边（双击左键）* 更改边的属性值（单击右键）* 通过增加不可见的新结点将边细分为两条相互垂直的边（单击鼠标中键）－Save －保存网络为Ascii 文件－Export Matrix to EPS（将矩阵输出为EPS）－用EPS 格式生成矩阵* Original（普通）－利用默认的计数方法（适合1-Mode 和2-Mode 网络）* Using Permutation（排序）－利用当前排序。
通过绘制附加线来区分选中的分类中不同的类。
此选项适合于1-Mode 和2-Mode 网络。
如果在2-Mode 网络中绘制附加线，则需要首先定义从属分类和以包含的类作为第二个分区的分区（在分类菜单中）。
* Using Partition（分类）－利用当前的分类。
在记录窗口中列出了不同的类中边的数目和密度（以及所选的两个类中的结点）。
另外，当密度用阴影图表示时，矩阵被输出到EPS。
1.Structural（结构化）－根据类间最大可能的连边数目来定义密度（适合于密度网络图）2.Delta（三角化）－根据拥有最大的输入和输出邻居结点数来定义密度（适合于稀疏网络）。
* only black borders（只有黑色边框）－如果被检测到，则矩阵中的所有方阵都将有黑色边框，否则，黑色边框将会变成白的，明亮的边框会变成黑色的。
－Change Label 修改选定网络的标签。
－dispose 从内存中删除所选的网络。
表 1：时间事件列表事件注释TI t 原始事件－后续事件从时间点t 开始发生TE t 终止事件－当时间点t 结束后发生A V vns 添加标签为n，属性为s 结点vHV v 隐藏结点vSV v 显示结点vDV v 删除结点vAA uvs 添加具有属性s 的弧线（u，v）Pajek – Manual 8HA uv 隐藏弧线（u，v）SA uv 显示弧线（u，v）DA uv 删除弧线（u，v）AE uvs 添加具有属性为s 的边（u：v）HE uv 隐藏边（u：v）SE uv 显示边（u：v）DE uv 删除边（u：v）CV vs 改变结点属性－将结点v 的性质改为sCA uvs 改变弧线属性－将弧线（u，v）的属性改为sCE uvs 改变边的属性－将边（u：v）的属性改为sCT uv 改变类型－改变连线（u，v）的方向（无）CD uv 改变弧线（u，v）的方向PE uvs 用属性为s 的单边（u：v）替代一对弧线（u，v）和（v，u）AP uvs 添加一对具有s 属性的弧线（u，v）和（v，u）DP uv 删除弧线对（u，v）和（v，u）EP uvs 用具有s 属性的弧线对（u，v）和（v，u）来替换边（u：v）z Time Events Networks 网络－N－Read Time Events －读取用时间事件描述的网络。
见表1属性s 可以为空。
如果两个结点之间存在多条连接边（弧），那么在程序命令中必须用附加标签：如k（第k 条边）来标明具体是哪条边。
例如：命令HE:3 14 37 将连接结点14 和37 的第三条边隐藏起来。
时间网络的例子如下：*Vertices 3*EventsTI 1AV 2 "b"TE 3HV 2TI 4AV 3 "e"TI 5AV 1 "a"TI 6AE 1 3 1TI 7SV 2AE 1 2 1TE 7DE 1 2DV 2TE 8DE 1 3Pajek – Manual 9TE 10HV 1TI 12SV 1TE 14DV 1也存在其他可能：用时间间隔（time intervals）来描述time 网络。
－Save —用时间事件格式保存时间网络z Partition-C－Read 从Ascii 文件中读取分类。
－Edit 编辑分类（将结点分类）。
－Save 保存分类。
－Change label 修改标签。
－Dispose selected partition from memory 从内存中删除分类z Permutation-P－Read 从Ascii 文件中读取排序。