状语从句讲解及练习

状语从句在复合句中担任状语成分的从句称为状语从句，修饰主句的谓语动词，形容词或副词，状语说白了就是修饰动作的词或句，也可以理解成修饰谓语的词或句。

通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。

例如：1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call. (副词 )2. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset. (介词状短语 )3. To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day. (不定式 )4. Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted. (过去分词 )5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句）状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。

enough 用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。

状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。

一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。

尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。

状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。

现分别列举如下:1．时间状语从句常用引导词： when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词： the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day ， the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner ⋯ than, hardly ⋯ when, scarcely ⋯ when I didn ’ t realizehow special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watchingTV , his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard( 果园 ) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.When , while, as 都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。

1) WhenEg: When I arrived home , I had a little rest.注意点： when 从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be 动词时，从句主语和be 可以省略。

Eg: When (she was) walking along the street, she met her class teacher.2) AsAs 除了表示“当```的时候”，还可表示为“一面``` 一面”，“随着”Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面 ```一面 )You will grow wiser as you grow older.(随着)3) While 表示“当 ``` 的时候” 强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从句动词必须是延续性动词。

Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest.While (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused.注意点：while 有对比的含义，解释为“然而”。

eg: I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee.1．until, not ⋯ until 表示“直到 ```才” ,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。

肯定句： I waited until midnight.否定句： I did not leave until midnight.注意点：1． not until在⋯句首，主句用倒装eg: Not until you had explained how did I manage to do it.2． It is not until⋯引that导的强⋯调句It was not until it was dark that he came back.3. the minute, the moment, each time 都可表示“一 ``` 就 ```”eg: The worker recognized the type of the machine the moment he saw it.注意点：the minute, the moment, each ( every, next, the first) time作连词不和when 连用。

4． Hardly/scarcely ⋯ when, no sooner ⋯ soonthan, as表示为“一 ```就 ``` ” eg:I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.It began to rain as soon as I got home.注意点： Hardly/scarcely⋯when, no sooner⋯than位于句首，主句用倒装eg: Had I hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.no sooner ---than, hardly---when, scarcely---when这几个短语的词义和用法基本一样，都表示“刚--- 就 ---”①I had no sooner arrived at the station than the train started to move.②She had hardly got home when it began to rain.③He had scarcely sat down when he heard someone knock at the door.【重点提示】★在这些结构中，主句的动作先发生，用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

★若这些结构置于句首，则主句要用倒装语序。

上述句子可相应改为：No sooner had I arrived at the station than the train started to move.Hardly had she got home when it began to rain.Scarcely had he sat down when he heard someone knock at the door.2、地点状语从句常用引导词： where特殊引导词： wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3．原因状语从句常用引导词： because, since, as特殊引导词： seeing that（鉴于） , now that( 既然 ), in that, given that, considering that, My friends dislike me because I’ m handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, let’ s begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.Seeing that /Since he refused to help us, there is no reason why we should now help him.It is still in excellent condition considering that it was built 600 years ago.4．目的状语从句常用引导词： so that, in order that特殊引导词： lest, in case, for fear that ， in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.He studied hard so hat he might succeed.Betty got up early in order that she could catch the train.Take your raincoat in case it rains.He put his money in the safe for fear that it should/may be stolen.【重点提示】目的状语从句的谓语动词通常含有may, might, can, could, should , would 等情态动词5．结果状语从句常用引导词： so ⋯ that, so⋯that, such⋯that,特殊引导词： such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It ’ s such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldn ’ t sleep last night.【重点提示】目的状语从和结果状语从句的区别是：★引导目的状语从句时前面不用逗号 ,而引导结果状语从句时前面常用逗号★目的状语从句中常用can, could, may, might, will , would, should 等情态动词，而结果状语从句中一般没这类词。