局部解剖学英语名词
解剖学中的科学术语
解剖学中的科学术语
1. 肌肉术语:
- 肌腱(Tendon):将肌肉连接到骨骼的纤维束
- 肌膜(Fascia):包裹和分隔肌肉组织的结缔组织层
- 肌腱鞘(Tendon Sheath):包裹肌腱的管状结构
2. 骨骼术语:
- 骨质(Osseous Tissue):构成骨骼的坚硬组织
- 骨膜(Periosteum):覆盖在骨骼表面的膜层
- 骨髓(Bone Marrow):位于骨骼内部的软组织
3. 神经系统术语:
- 神经元(Neuron):传递神经冲动的细胞
- 轴突(Axon):神经元的长突出部分
- 树突(Dendrite):神经元的分支状结构
4. 循环系统术语:
- 动脉(Artery):将血液从心脏输送到全身的血管
- 静脉(Vein):将血液从全身输送回心脏的血管
- 毛细血管(Capillary):连接动脉和静脉的微小血管
5. 呼吸系统术语:
- 气管(Trachea):将空气从鼻腔和口腔输送到肺部的管道 - 支气管(Bronchus):气管在肺部分支的管道
- 肺泡(Alveolus):肺部用于气体交换的小囊
这些术语是解剖学中常用的科学术语,帮助准确描述人体各个系统的结构和功能。
学习和理解这些术语对于医学生和相关专业人员来说非常重要。
局部解剖重要英文名词
局部解剖学重要英文名词（临床医学专业5+3一体化）1.听诊三角（triangle of auscultation）2.腰上三角（superior lumbar triangle）3.腰下三角（inferior lumbar triangle）4.枕下三角（suboccipital triangle）5.脊肋角（vertebrocostal angle）6.梨状肌上孔（suprapiriform foramen）7.梨状肌下孔（infrapiriform foramen）8.肌腔隙（lacuna musculorum）9.血管腔隙（lacuna vasorum）10.股三角（femoral triangle）11.股鞘（femoral sheath）12.股管（femoral canal）13.股环（femoral ring）14.收肌管（adductor canal）Hunter管15.腘窝（popliteal fossa）16.踝管（malleolar canal）17.腋窝（axillary fossa）构成：（1）顶即腋窝的上口,向上内通颈根部,由锁骨中份,第1肋外缘和肩胛骨上缘围成。
内有臂丛和血管通过,锁骨下血管于第1肋外缘移行为腋血管。
（2）底由皮肤、浅筋膜和腋筋膜构成。
皮肤借纤维隔与腋筋膜相连,腋筋膜中央部因有皮神经、浅血管和浅淋巴管穿过而呈筛状,故又称筛状筋膜。
（3）四壁包括前、后壁和内、外侧壁。
①前壁:由胸大肌pectoralis major ,胸小肌pectoralis minor ,锁骨下肌subclavius 和锁胸筋膜clavi-pectoral fascia构成。
PS：锁胸筋膜是位于锁骨下肌、胸小肌和喙突之间的胸部深筋膜,有头静脉cephalicvein、胸肩峰血管thoracoacromial vessel 和胸外侧神经lateral pectoral nerve穿过。
系统解剖学常用英文名词
运动篇英文词汇anatomical position [7AνE5τXμικEλ πE5ζιΦEν] 解剖学姿势superior [σϕυ:5πιEριE]上inferior [ιν5φιEριE]下cranial [5κρεινϕEλ]颅侧caudal [5κX:δλ]尾侧anterior [Aν5τιEριE]前ventral [5ϖεντρEλ]腹侧posterior [πXσ5τιEριE]后dorsal [5δX:σEλ]背侧medial [ 5μι:δϕEλ]内侧lateral [5λAτEρEλ ]外侧internal [ιν5τE:νλ]内external [εκσ5τE:νλ]外superficial [σϕυ:πE5φιΦEλ]浅profoundal [πρE5φαυνδλ]深proximal [5πρXκσιμEλ]近侧distal [5διστEλ]远侧ulnar [Θλ5νE]尺侧radial [5ρειδϕEλ]桡侧tibial [9τIβIEλ]胫侧fibular [5φιβϕυ5λE]腓侧left [λεφτ]左right [ραιτ]右vertical [5ϖE:τικEλ]垂直horizontal [7ηXρι5ζXντλ]水平central [σεν5τρB:λ]中央vertical axis [5ϖE:τικEλ 5Aκσισ]垂直轴sagittal axis [σAγιτλ5Aκσισ]矢状轴sagittal plane [σAγιτλ5πλειν]矢状面frontal plane [φρονταλ5πλειν]冠状面horizontal plane [7ηXρι5ζXντλ 5πλειν]水平面（横切面）variation [ϖαριατιον]变异abnormal [Aβ5νX:μEλ]异常bone [βEυν]骨long bone [λXN βEυν]长骨diaphysis [δαι5Aφισισ]骨干shaft [ΦB:φτ]骨干nutrient foramen [5νϕυ:τριEντ φE5ρειμεν]滋养孔epiphysis [ι5πιφισισ]骺articular surface [B:5τικϕυλE 5σE:φισ]关节面metaphysis [μι5τAφισισ]干骺端epiphysil cartilage [7επιφισλ 5κB:τιλιδς]骺软骨epiphysial line [7επιφισλ λαιν ]骺线short bone [ΦX:τ βEυν]短骨flat bone [φλAτ βEυν]扁骨irregular bone [ι5ρε⊥ϕυλE βEυν ]不规则骨pneumatic bone [ νϕυ(:)5μAτικ βEυν ]含气骨sesamoid bone [ 5σεσEμXιδ βEυν ]籽骨compact bone [5κPμπAκτ βEυν ]骨密质spongy bone [5σπΘνδςι βEυν ]骨松质trabecullae [τρE5βεκϕυλε ]骨小梁dipole [5δαιπEυλ ]板障periosteum [7περι5XστιEμ ]骨膜endosteum [εν5δXστιEμ]骨内膜bone marrow [βEυν 5μAρEυ]骨髓red bone marrow [ρεδ βEυν 5μAρEυ]红骨髓yellow bone marrow [5ϕελEυ βEυν 5μAρEυ]黄骨髓vertebrae [5ϖE:τιβρε]椎骨vertebral body [5ϖE:τιβρEλ 5βXδι]椎体vertebral foramen [5ϖE:τιβρEλ φE5ρειμεν]椎孔vertebral canal [5ϖE:τιβρEλ κE5νAλ]椎管vertebral arch [5ϖE:τιβρEλ B:τΦ]椎弓pedicle of vertebral arch [⎺πεδIκλ Eφ 5ϖE:τιβρEλ B:τΦ]椎弓根intervertebral foramina [7ιντE(:)5ϖE:τιβρEλ 7φX:ρE5μινE]椎间孔lamina of vertebral arch [⎺5λAμινE Eφ 5ϖE:τιβρEλ B:τΦ]椎弓板spinous process [⎺5σπαινEσ πρE5σεσ]棘突transverse process [⎺5τρAνζϖE:σ πρE5σεσ]横突articular process [⎺B:5τικϕυλE πρE5σεσ Φ]关节突thoracic vertebrae [⎺ΩX(:)5ρAσικ 5ϖE:τιβρE]胸椎cervical vertebrae [⎺5σE:ϖικEλ 5ϖE:τιβρE]颈椎transverse foramen [⎺5τρAνζϖE:σ φE5ρειμεν]横突孔atlas [5AτλEσ]寰椎axis [5Aκσισ]枢椎vertebrae prominens [5ϖE:τιβρE πρXμινEνσ]隆椎lumbar vertebrae [⎺5λΘμβE 5ϖE:τιβρE]腰椎sacrum [5σεικρEμ]骶骨sacral bone [5σεικρEλ βEυν]骶骨promontory [5πρXμEντEρι]岬sacral hiatus [5σεικρEλ ηαι5ειτEσ]骶管裂孔sacral cornu [5σεικρEλ 5κX:νϕυ:]骶角coccyx [5κXκσικσ]尾骨sternum [5στE:νEμ]胸骨manubrium [⎺πεδIκλ Eφ 5ϖE:τιβρEλ B:τΦ]胸骨柄jugular notch [5δςΘ⊥ϕυλE νXτΦ]颈静脉切迹sternal angle [5στE:νλ 5AN⊥λ]胸骨角body of sternum [5βXδι Eφ5στE:νEμ]胸骨体xiphoid process [5ζιφXιδ πρE5σεσ]剑突ribs [ριβσ]肋costal head [5κXστλ ηεδ]肋头costal neck [5κXστλ νεκ]肋颈costal tubercle [5κXστλ ⎺τϕY:βEκλ]肋结节shaft of rib [ΦB:φτ Eφ ριβ]肋体costal angle [5κXστλ 5AN⊥λ]肋角costal cartilage [5κXστλ 5κB:τιλιδς]肋软骨skull [σκΘλ]颅calvaria [κAλ⎺ϖεEρIE]颅盖frontal bone [5φρΘντλ βEυν]额骨ethmoid bone [5εΩμXιδ βEυν]筛骨sphenoid bone [5σφι:νXιδ βEυν]蝶骨hypophysial fossa [9ηαIπEϑ⎺φIζIEλ 5φXσE]垂体窝greater wing [5⊥ρεIτE ωιN]大翼formen rotundum [5φX:μEν 7ρXτϕυEμ]圆孔formen ovale [5φX:μEν 5EυϖEλε]卵圆孔formen spinosum [5φX:μEν 5σπαινEσEμ]棘孔lesser wing [55λεσE ωιN]小翼optic canal [5Xπτικ κE5νAλ ]视神经管superior orbital fissure [σϕυ:5πιEριE 5X:βιτλ 5φιΦE]眶上裂pterygoid process [5(π)τερι⊥Xιδ πρE5σεσ]翼突pterygoid canal [5(π)τερι⊥Xιδ κE5νAλ]翼管temporal bone [5τεμπEρEλ βEυν]颞骨squamous part [5σκωειμEσ πα:τ]鳞部mandubular fossa [μAν5δϕυ:βϕυ:λE 5φXσE]下颌窝articular tubercle [B:5τικϕυλE ⎺τϕY:βEκλ]关节结节tympanic part [τιμ5πAνικ πα:τ]鼓部petrous part(pyramid) [5πετρEσ πα:τ(5πιρEμιδ)]岩部（锥部）internal acoustic pore [ιν5τE:νλ E5κυ:στIκ 7πX:ρ]内耳门carotid canal [κE5ρXτιδ κE5νAλ]颈动脉管styloid process [5σταιλXιδ πρE5σεσ]茎突mastoid process [5μAστXιδ πρE5σεσ]乳突stylomastoid formen [7σταιλEυ5μAστXιδ 5φX:μEν]茎乳孔occipital bone [Xκ5σιπιτλ βEυν]枕骨foramen magnum [ 5φX:μEν 5μA⊥νEμ]枕骨大孔parietal bone [πE5ραιEτEλ βEυν]顶骨mandible [5μAνδιβλ]下颌骨mental formen [5μεντλ 5φX:μEν]颏孔ramus of mandible [5ρειμEσ Eφ 5μAνδιβλ]下颌支head of mandible [ηεδ Eφ 5μAνδιβλ]下颌头neck of mandible [5νεκ Eφ 5μAνδιβ ]下颌颈angle of mandible [5AN⊥λ Eφ 5μAνδιβ]下颌角mandibular formen [μAν5διβϕυλE 5φX:μEν]下颌孔hyoid bone [5ηαιXιδ βEυν]舌骨vomer [⎺ϖEϑμE(ρ) ]犁骨maxilla [μAκ5σιλE]上颌骨frontal process [5φρΘντλ πρE5σεσ]额突zygomatic process [ζαι⊥Eυ5μAτικ πρE5σεσ]颧突alveolar process [Aλ5ϖιEλE πρE5σεσ]牙槽突palatine bone [5πAλEταιν βEυν] 腭骨nasal bone [5νειζEλ βEυν] 鼻骨lacrimal bone [5λAκριμEλ βEυν] 泪骨inferior nasal concha [ιν5φιEριE 5νειζEλ 5κXNκE]下鼻甲zygomatic bone [ζαι⊥Eυ5μAτικ βEυν]颧骨coronal suture [5κXρEνλ 5σϕυ:τΦE]冠状缝sagittal suture [5σAδςιτλ 5σϕυ:τΦE]矢状缝lambdoid suture [5λAμδXιδ 5σϕυ:τΦE]人字缝external occipital protuberance [εκσ5τE:νλ Xκ5σιπιτλ πρE5τϕυ:βEρE νσ]枕外隆突anterior cranial fossa [Aν5τιEριE 5κρεινϕEλ 5φXσE] 颅前窝middle cranial fossa [5μιδλ 5κρεινϕEλ 5φXσE] 颅中窝foramen lacerum [φE5ρειμεν 5λεισEρEμ] 破裂孔posterior cranial fossa [πXσ5τιEριE 5κρεινϕEλ 5φXσE]颅后窝clivus [5κλαιϖEσ]斜坡internal occipital protuberance [ιν5τE:νλ Xκ5σιπιτλ πρE5τϕυ:βEρEνσ]枕内隆突jugular foramen[5δςΘ⊥ϕυλE φE5ρειμεν]颈静脉孔pterion [5(π)τιEριXν]翼点infratemporal fossa [7ινφρE5τεμπEρλ 5φXσE]颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa [7τερι⊥E 5πAλEτιν 5φXσE]翼腭窝frontal squama[5φρΘντλ 5σκωειμE] 额鳞orbit [5X:βιτ]眶nasolacrimal canal [νειζEυ5λAκριμEλ κE5νAλ] 鼻泪管inferior orbital fissure [ιν5φιEριE 5X:βιτλ 5φιΦE]眶下裂bony nasal cavity [5βEυνι 5νειζEλ 5κAϖιτι] 骨性鼻腔superior nasal meatus [σϕυ:5πιEριE 5νειζEλ μι(:)5ειτEσ]上鼻道middle nasal meatus [μιδλ 5νειζEλ μι(:)5ειτEσ] 中鼻道inferior nasal meatus [ιν5φιEριE 5νειζEλ μι(:)5ειτEσ]下鼻道paranasal sinuses [7πAρE5νειζEλ 5σαινEσεσ] 鼻旁窦frontal sinus [5φρΘντλ 5σαινEσεσ]额窦ethmoidal cellules (ethmoidal sinuses) [εΩ5μXιδEλ 5σελϕυ:λσ]筛小房sphenoidal sinus[5σφι:νXιδλ 5σαινEσ] 蝶窦maxillary sinus[μAκ⎺σIλEρI 5σαινEσ] 上颌窦oral cavity [5X:ρEλ 5κAϖιτι]骨性口腔cranial fontanelle [5κρεινϕEλ 7φXντE5νελσ] 颅囟anterior fontanelle [Aν5τιEριE 7φXντE5νελ] 前囟（额囟）posterior fontanelle[πXσ5τιEριE 7φXντE5νελ] 后囟（枕囟）clavicle [5κλAϖικλ]锁骨scapula [5σκAπϕυλE]肩胛骨subscapular fossa [σΘβ5σκAπϕυλE 5φXσE] 肩胛下窝spine of scapula[σπαιν Eφ 5σκAπϕυλE] 肩胛冈superaspinous fossa [7σϕυ:πE5σπαινEσ 5φXσE] 冈上窝spine of scapula[σπαιν Eφ 5σκAπϕυλE] 冈下窝acromion [E⎺κρEϑμIEν]肩峰coracoid process[5κXρEκXιδ πρE5σεσ] 喙突glenoid cavity [5⊥λι:νXιδ 5κAϖιτι]关节盂humerus [5ηϕυ:μEρEσ]肱骨head of humerus [5ηεδ Eφ 5ηϕυ:μEρEσ]肱骨头anatomical neck [7AνE5τXμικEλ νεκ]解剖颈greater tubercle [γρειτE ⎺τϕY:βEκλ]大结节lesser tubercle [λεσE ⎺τϕY:βEκλ]小结节surgical neck [5σE:δςικEλ νεκ]外科颈deltoidtuberosity[5δελτXιδτϕυ:βE5ρXσιτι] 三角肌粗隆sulcus of radial nerve [5σΘλκEσ Eφ 5ρειδϕEλ νE:ϖ] 桡神经沟capitulum of humerus [κE5πιτΦEλEμ Eφ 5ηϕυ:μEρEσ]肱骨小头trochlea of humerus [5τρXκλιE Eφ 5ηϕυ:μEρEσ]肱骨滑车lateral epicondyle [5λAτEρEλ 7επι5κXνδαιλ] 外上髁medial epicondyle [5μι:δϕEλ 7επι5κXνδαιλ] 内上髁radius [5ρειδϕEσ]桡骨head of radius [ηεδ Eφ 5ρειδϕEσ] 桡骨头neck of radius [νεκ Eφ 5ρειδϕEσ]桡骨颈radial tuberosity[5ρειδϕEλ τϕυ:βE5ρXσιτι] 桡骨粗隆styloid process[5σταιλXιδ πρE5σεσ] 茎突ulna [5ΘλνE]尺骨trochlear notch [5τρXκλιE νXτΦ] 滑车切迹olecranon [Eυ5λεκρEνXν]鹰嘴coronoid process [5κXρEνXιδ πρE5σεσ] 冠突ulnar tuberosity[5ΘλνE τϕυ:βE5ρXσιτι] 尺骨粗隆head of ulna [5ηεδ Xφ 5ΘλνE]尺骨头styloid process[5σταιλXιδ πρE5σεσ] 尺骨茎突carpal bones [κB:πλ βEυν σ]腕骨scaphoid bone [5σκAφXιδ βEυν ] 手舟骨lunate bone [5λυ:νειτ βEυν]月骨pisiform bone [5παισιφX:μ βEυν ]豌豆骨trapezium bone [τρE5πι:ζϕEμ βEυν]大多角骨trapezoid bone [5τρAπιζXιδ βEυν]小多角骨capitate bone [⎺κAπIτεIτ βEυν]头状骨hamate bone [5ηειμειτ βEυν]钩骨metacarpal bones [7μετE5κB:πλ βEυν σ] 掌骨phalanges of fingers [φA5λAνδςι:ζ Eφ 5φιN⊥Eσ]指骨hip bone [5ηιπ βEυν] 髋骨ilium [5ιλιEμ]髂骨iliac crest [5ιλιAκ κρεστ]髂嵴anterior superior iliac [Aν5τιEριE σϕυ:5πιEριE ιλιAκ σπαιν]髂前上棘posterior superior iliac spine [πXσ5τιEριE σϕυ:5πιEριE ιλιAκ σπαιν]髂后上棘tubercle of iliac crest[⎺τϕY:βEκλ Eφ 5ιλιAκ κρεστ] 髂结节greater sciatic notch[5⊥ρεIτE σαι5Aτικ νXτΦ] 坐骨大切迹iliac fossa [5ιλιAκ 5φXσE]髂窝arcuate line [⎺B:κϕϑεIτ λαιν]弓状线ischum [⎺IσκIEμ]坐骨ischial spine [⎺IσκIEλ σπαιν]坐骨棘lesser sciatic notch [5λεσE σαι5Aτικ νXτΦ]坐骨小切迹ischial tuberosity [⎺IσκIEλ τϕυ:βE5ρXσιτι]坐骨结节pubis [5πϕυ:βισ]耻骨pecten pubis [5πεκτEν 5πϕυ:βισ]耻骨梳pubic tubercle[5πϕυ:βικ ⎺τϕY:βEκλ] 耻骨结节symphysial surface [7σιμ5φιζιEλ 5σE:φισ] 耻骨联合面obturator foramen [⎺XβτϕϑEρεIτE(ρ) φE5ρειμεν]闭孔acetabulum [Aσι5τAβϕυλEμ]髋臼lunate surface [5λυ:νειτ 5σE:φισ]月状面femur [5φι:μE]股骨femoral head [5φεμEρEλ ηεδ]股骨头neck of femur [νεκ Eφ 5φι:μE]股骨颈greater trochanter [5⊥ρεIτE(ρ) τρEυ5κAντE]大转子linea aspera [⎺λαIνE 5AσπEρE]粗线gluteal tuberosity [⊥λυ:5τιEλ τϕυ:βE5ρXσιτι]臀肌粗隆medial condyle [5μι:δϕEλ 5κXνδιλ]内侧髁lateral condyle [ 5κXνδιλ]外侧髁intercondylar fossa [ιντE⎺κXνδIλE(ρ) 5φXσE]髁间窝medial epicondyle [5μι:δϕEλ επι5κXνδιλ]内上髁lateral epicondyle [5λAτEρEλ επι5κXνδιλ]外上髁adductor tubercle [E5δΘκτE ⎺τϕY:βEκλ]收肌结节patella [πE5τελE]膑骨tibia [5τιβιE]胫骨intercondylar eminence [ιντE⎺κXνδIλE(ρ) 5εμινEνσ]髁间隆起tibial tubersity[5τιβιEλ 5τϕυ:βEσιτι] 胫骨粗隆medial malleolus [5μι:δϕEλ μE5λι:EλEσ]内踝fibula [5φιβϕυλE]腓骨fibular head [5φιβϕυλE ηεδ]腓骨头neck of fibula [νεκ Eφ 5φιβϕυλE]腓骨颈lateral malleolus [5λAτEρEλ μE5λι:EλEσ]外踝tarsal bones [5τB:σEλ βEυνσ]跗骨talus [5τειλEσ]距骨calcaneus [κAλ5κεινιEσ]跟骨navicular bone [νE5ϖικϕυλE βEυν]足舟骨medial cuneiform bone [5μι:δϕEλ κϕυ:νιιφX:μ βEυν]内侧楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone [7ιντE5μι:δϕEτ κϕυ:νιιφX:μ βEυν]中间楔骨lateral cuneiform bone [5λAτEρEλ κϕυ:νιιφX:μ βEυν]外侧楔骨cuboid bone [5κϕυ:βXιδ βEυν] metatarsal bones [7μετE5τB:σEλ βEυνσ]跖骨phalanges of toes [φA5λAνδςι:ζ Eφ τEυσ]趾骨bones of toes [βEυνσ Eφ τEυσ] 趾骨fibrous joint [5φαIβρEσ δςXIντ]纤维连接cartilaginous joint [9κB:τI⎺λAδςIνEσ δςXIντ] 软骨连接synostosis [9σIνXσ⎺τEϑσIσ]骨性结合syndesmosis [9σIνδεζ⎺μEϑσIσ]韧带连接suture [5συ:τΦE(ρ)]缝sychondrosis [9σIκνE⎺δρXσIσ]透明软骨结合symphysis [⎺σIμφIσIσ]纤维软骨结合cartilage [5κB:τIλIδς ]软骨chondrocyte [9κXνδρEϑσαIτ]软骨细胞articulation [B:τIκϕϑ5λεIΦ(E)ν]关节synovial jiont [σI⎺νEϑϖIEλ δςXIντ]滑膜关节articular surface[B:5τIκϕϑλE(ρ) 5σ∴:φIσ]关节面articular cartilage [B:5τIκϕϑλE(ρ) 5κB:τIλIδς]关节软骨articular capsule[B:5τIκϕϑλE(ρ) 5κAπσϕυ:λ]关节囊fibrous membrane [5φαIβρEσ 5μεμβρεIν]纤维膜synovial membrane [σI⎺νEϑϖIEλ 5μεμβρεIν] 滑膜synovial fluid[σI⎺νEϑϖIEλ 5φλυ:Iδ] 滑液articular cavity[B:5τIκϕϑλE(ρ) 5κAϖIτI]关节腔ligament [5λI⊥EμEντ]韧带articular disc [B:5τIκϕϑλE(ρ) δIσκ]关节盘articular labrum[B:5τIκϕϑλE(ρ) ⎺λεIβρEμ]关节唇synovial fold [σI⎺νEϑϖIEλ φEϑλδ]滑膜襞synovial bursa [σI⎺νEϑϖIEλ ⎺β∴:σE]滑膜囊translation [[τρAνσ5λεIΦEν]移动flexion [5φλεκΦ(E)ν]屈extension [Iκ5στενΦ(E)ν]伸dorsiflexion [⎺δP:σI5φλεκΦ(E)ν]背屈plantarflexion[⎺πλAντE(ρ)5φλεκΦ(E)ν]跖屈adduction [E⎺δΘκΦEν]收abduction [Aβ⎺δΘκΦEν]展rotation [ρEϑ5τεIΦ(E)ν]旋转medial rotation[⎺μι:δIEλ ρEϑ5τεIΦ(E)ν]旋内lateral rotation[5λAτEρ(E)λ ρEϑ5τεIΦ(E)ν]旋外pronation [πρEϑ⎺νεIΦEν]旋前circumdution [σ∴:5κΘμδΘκΦν]环转hinge joint [ηIνδς δςXIντ]屈戌关节trochoid joint or pivot joint [⎺τρEϑκPIδ δςXIντ X: 5πIϖEτ δςXIντ]车轴关节ellipsoidal joint[I5λIπσXIδ λ δςXIντ] 椭圆关节sellar joint or saddle joint [5σελE δςXIντ X:5σAδ(E)λ δςXIντ] 鞍状关节ball-and-socket joint or spheroidal joint [βX:λ Aνδ 5σPκIτ δςXIντ X:5σφIEρXIδλ δςXIντ]球窝关节plane joint [πλεIν δςXIντ]平面关节intervertebral disc [9IντE⎺ϖ∴:τIβρEλ δIσκ]椎间盘nucleus pulposus [5νϕυ:κλIEσ πΘλπEσEσ]髓核anulus fibrosus[5AνϕϑEλEσ 9φαIβρEϑσEσ]纤维环anterior longitudinal ligament [5AντIEρIE λPNδςIτϕυ:δIν(E)λ 5λI⊥E μEντ]前纵韧带posterior longitudinal ligament [πE5στIEρIE λPNδςIτϕυ:δIν(E)λ 5λI⊥EμEντ]后纵韧带ligamenta flava[5λI⊥EμEντE φλAϖE] 黄韧带interspinal ligament[9IντE⎺σπαIνλ 5λI⊥EμEντ] 棘间韧带superspinal ligment[συ:πE⎺σπαIνλ 5λI⊥EμEντ] 棘上韧带ligamentum nuchae[5λI⊥EμEντEμ ⎺νϕY:κE] 项韧带intertransverse ligament[⎺IντE5τρAνζϖ∴:σ 5λI⊥EμEντ]横突间关节zygapophyseal joint[9ζI⊥E⎺πXφIσI:λ δςXIντ] 关节突关节atlantooccipital joint[Eτ9λAντEXκ⎺σIπIτEλ δςXIντ] 寰枕关节thorax [5ΩX:ρAκσ]胸廓costovertebral joint[⎺κXστEϑ⎺ϖ∴:τIβρEλ δςXIντ] 肋椎关节joint of costal head[δςXIντ Eφ 5κPστλ ηεδ] 肋头关节costotransverse joint[κXστEϑ ⎺5τρAνζϖ∴:σ δςXIντ] 肋横突关节sternocostal joint[στ∴:νEϑκXστλ δςXIντ] 胸肋关节temporomandibular joint[9τεμπEρEϑμAν⎺δIβϕϑλE δςXIντ]颞下颌关节sternoclavicular joint[στ∴:νEϑ⎺κλAϖικϕυλE δςXIντ]胸锁关节acromioclavicular joint[E⎺κρEϑμIEν⎺κλAϖικϕυλE δςXIντ]肩锁关节coracoacromial ligament[9κXρEκEϑ⎺AκρXμIνλ 5λI⊥EμEντ]喙肩韧带shoulder joint[5ΦEϑλδE δςXIντ] 肩关节elbow joint [5ελβEϑ δςXIντ]肘关节humeroulnar joint[5ηϕυ:μEΘλνE δςXIντ] 肱尺关节humeroradial joint[5ηϕυ:μE ⎺P:ρAδλ δςXIντ] 肱桡关节proximal radioulnar joint [5πρPκσIμλ 9ρεIδIEϑ⎺ΘλνE δςXIντ]桡尺近侧关节radial collateral ligament[5ρεIδIEλ κE5λAτEρλ 5λI⊥EμEντ]桡侧副韧带ulnar collateral ligament[5ΘλνE κE5λAτEρλ 5λI⊥EμEντ]尺侧副韧带annular ligament of radius [5ΘλνE 5λI⊥EμEντ Xφ 5ρεIδIEσ]桡骨环状韧带interosseous membrane of forearm [9IντEρ⎺XσIEσ 5μεμβρεIν Xφ φX:ρ5B:μ]前臂骨间膜distal radioulnar joint[5δIστ(E)λ 9ρεIδIEϑ⎺ΘλνE δςXIντ]桡尺近侧关节joint of hand [δςXIντ Xφ ηAνδ] 手关节radiocarpal joint[ρεIδIEϑ5κB:πλ δςXIντ] 桡腕关节intercarpal joint[Iν5τ∴:5κB:πλ δςXIντ] 腕骨间关节carpomentacarpal joint[⎺κB:πEϑ9μετE5κB:πλ δςXIντ] 腕掌关节carpometacarpal joint of thumb [κB:πEϑ9μετE5κB:πλ δςXIντ Eφ ΩΘμ]拇指腕掌关节intermetacarpal joint[9IντEμετE5κB:πλ δςXIντ] 掌骨间关节metacarpophalangeal joint [μετE5κB:πEυφA5λAνδςιEλ δςXIντ]掌指关节interphalangeal joint[5IντEφE5λAνδςιE δςXIντ] 指骨间关节sacroiliac joint [⎺IλIAκ δςXIντ]骶髂关节iliolumbar ligament[9IλIEϑ5λΘμβE 5λI⊥EμEντ] 髂腰韧带sacrotuberous ligament[9σεIκρEϑ5τϕυ:βEρEσ 5λI⊥EμEντ]骶结节韧带sacrospinous ligament[9σεIκρEϑ⎺σπαIνEσ 5λI⊥EμEντ]骶棘韧带pubic symphysis [5πϕυ:βIκ⎺σIμφIσIσ]耻骨联合obturator membrane[⎺XβτϕϑEρεIτE 5μεμβρεIν] 闭孔膜obturator canal[⎺XβτϕϑEρεIτE κE5νAλ] 闭管膜pelvis [5πελϖIσ]骨盆greater pelvis [5⊥ρεIτE 5πελϖIσ]大骨盆lesser pelvis [5λεσE 5πελϖIσ]小骨盆hip joint [ηιπ δςXIντ]髋关节acetabular labrum[⎺AσE9τAβϕϑλE ⎺λεIβρEμ] 髋臼唇iliofemoral ligament[9IλIEϑ⎺φεμEρEλ 5λI⊥EμEντ] 髂骨韧带ligament of head of the femur [5λI⊥EμEντ Xφ ηεδ Xφ TE 5φι:μE]股骨头韧带pubofemoral ligament[πΘβEϑ⎺φεμEρEλ 5λI⊥EμEντ] 耻骨韧带ischiofemoral ligament[⎺IσκIE⎺φεμEρEλ 5λI⊥EμEντ] 坐骨韧带knee joint [νι: δςXIντ]膝关节patellar ligament[πE5τελE 5λI⊥EμEντ] 膑韧带fibular collateral ligament [5φIβϕϑλE κE5λAτEρEλ 5λI⊥EμEντ]腓侧副韧带tibial collateral ligament[5τIβIEλ κE5λAτEρEλ 5λI⊥EμEντ]胫侧副韧带cruciate ligaments[⎺κρY:ΦIεIτ 5λI⊥EμEντσ] 膝交叉韧带anterior cruciate ligament[5AντIEρIE ⎺κρY:ΦIεIτ 5λI⊥EμEντ]前交叉韧带posterior cruciate ligament [πE5στIEρIE ⎺κρY:ΦIεIτ 5λI⊥EμEντ]后交叉韧带alarfolds [⎺εIλEφEϑλδσ]翼状襞menisci [μI⎺νIσαI]半月板medial meniscus[⎺μι:δIEλ μI5νIσκEσ] 内侧半月板lateral meniscus[5λAτEρEλ μI5νIσκEσ] 外侧半月板joint of foot [δςXIντ Xφ φϑτ]足关节talocrural joint[9τAλEϑ⎺κρϑEρEλ δςXIντ] 距小腿关节ankle joint [5ANκλ δςXIντ]踝关节medial ligament[⎺μι:δIEλ 5λI⊥EμEντ] 内侧韧带（三角韧带）lateral ligament[5λAτEρEλ 5λI⊥EμEντ] 外侧韧带muscle [5μΘσEλ]肌muscle belly [5μΘσEλ 5βελI]肌腹muscle tendon[5μΘσEλ 5τενδEν] 肌腱aponeurosis [9AπEνϕϑ⎺ρEϑσIσ]腱膜fascia [5φεIΦE]筋膜superfical fascia[σϕυ:πE5φIΦEλ 5φεIΦE] 浅筋膜deep fascia [δι:π5φεIΦE] 深筋膜synovial bursa[σI⎺νEϑϖIEλ⎺β∴:σE] 滑膜囊tendinous sheath [⎺τενδIνEσΦι:Ω]腱鞘fibrous layer [5φαIβρEσ5λεIE]纤维层fibrous sheath of tendon[5φαIβρEσΦι:Ω Eφ 5τενδEν] 腱纤维鞘synovial sheath of tendon[σI⎺νEϑϖIEλ Φι:Ω Eφ 5τενδEν] 腱滑膜鞘mesotendon [9μεσEϑ 5τενδEν] 腱系膜epicranius [επI5κρεIνIEσ]颅顶肌frontal belly [5φρΘντλ 5βελI]额腹occipital belly [Xκ⎺σIπIτEλ 5βελI]枕腹orbicularis oculi[P:9βIκϕϑ⎺λεEρIσ⎺XκϕϑλI]眼轮匝肌buccinator [⎺βΘκσIνεIτE]颊肌orbicularisoris[P:9βIκϕϑ⎺λεEρIσXρIζ] 口轮匝肌masseter [μA⎺σι:τE]咬肌temporalis [5τεμπEρ(E)λIσ]颞肌medial pterygoid[⎺μι:δIEλ ⎺πτερI⊥PIδ] 翼内肌lateral pterygoid[5λAτEρEλ ⎺πτερI⊥PIδ] 翼外肌platysma [πλE⎺τIζμE]颈阔肌sterniocleidomastoid[στ∴:νιEυκλαI⎺δEϑ 5μAστXIδ] 胸锁乳突肌scalenus anterior[σκει5λι:νEσ Aν5τιEριE] 前斜角肌scalenus medius[σκει5λι:νEσ 5μι:διEσ] 中斜角肌trapezius [τρE⎺πι:ζIEσ] 斜方肌latissmus dorsi [7δX:σι]背阔肌erector spinae[ι5ρεκτE 5σπαινι] 竖脊肌（骶棘肌）pectoralis major[5πεκτEρEλισ 5μειδςE] 胸大肌pectoralis minor[5πεκτEρEλισ 5μαινE] 胸小肌serratus anterior[5σZEρEτEσ Aν5τιEριE] 前锯肌intercostales externi[7ιντEκXσ5τAλEσ ⎺εκστ∴:νI] 肋间外肌intercostales interni[7ιντEκXσ5τAλEσ 5ιντEνι] 肋间内肌intercostales intimi[7ιντEκXσ5τAλEσ 5ιντιμι] 肋间最内肌diaphragm [5δαιEφρAμ]膈central tendon [σεν5τρB:λ 5τενδEν]中心腱aoctic hiatus [σεν5τρB:λ 5τενδEν]主动脉裂孔?esophageal hiatus[ι7σXφE5δςι:Eλ ηαι5ειτEσ]食管裂孔vena caval foramen[5ϖι:νE 5κAϖEλ φE5ρειμεν]腔静脉孔obliquus externus abdominis [E5βλι:κEσ εκσ5τE:νEσ Aβ7δXμινισ]腹外斜肌inguinal ligament[5ιN⊥ωινλ 5λι⊥EμEντ]腹股沟韧带lacmuar ligament[5λAκμE 5λι⊥EμEντ] 腔隙韧带（陷窝韧带）pectineal ligament[7πεκ5τινι:λ 5λι⊥EμEντ]耻骨梳韧带superficial inguinal ring[σϕυ:πE5φιΦEλ 5ιN⊥ωινλ ριN]腹股沟管浅（皮下）环obliquus internus abdominis [E5βλι:κEσ ιν5τE:νEσ Aβ7δXμινισ]腹内斜肌inguinal flax [5ιN⊥ωινλ φλAκσ]腹股沟镰conjoint tendon[5κXνδςXιντ 5τενδEν] 联合腱transversus abdominis[τρAνσ⎺ϖ∴:σEσ Aβ5δXμινισ]腹横肌tendinous intersection[5τενδινEσ 7ιντE:5σεκΦEν]腱划sheath of rectus abdominis[Φι:Ω Eϖ 5ρεκτEσ Aβ5δXμινισ]腹直肌鞘arcuate line [⎺B:κϕϑIτ λαιν]弓状线linea alba [⎺λαIνE 5B:λβE]白线quadratus lumborum[5κωXδρEτEσ ⎺λΘμβEϑρEμ]腰方肌inguinal canal[5ιN⊥ωινλ κE5νAλ] 腹股沟管deep inguinal ring [δι:π 5ιN⊥ωινλ ριN]腹股沟管深（腹）环deltoid [5δελτXιδ]三角肌superaspinatus[7σϕυ:πE⎺AσπEρεIτEσ]冈上肌infraspinatus[7ινφρE⎺AσπEρεIτEσ] 冈下肌teres minor [5τε7ρι:ζ 5μαινE]小圆肌teres major [5τε7ρι:ζ 5μειδςE]大圆肌subscapularis[5σΘβ5σκAπϕυ5λZEρισ]肩胛下肌musculotendinous cuff[7μΘσκϕυλEυ5τενδινEσ 5κΘφ]肌腱袖biceps brachii [5βαισεπσ5βρεικι]肱二头肌coracobrachialis[7κXρEκEυ 5βρεικιλισ]喙肱肌brachialis [5βρεικιλισ]肱肌triceps brachii [5τραισεπσ 5βρεικι]肱三头肌brachioradialis[5βρεικι7ρειδι5ειλισ] 肱桡肌pronator teres [πρE5νειτE 5τε7ρι:ζ]旋前圆肌flexor carpi radialis[5φλεκσE ⎺κB:παI 7ρειδι5ειλισ]桡侧腕屈肌palmaris longus[πAλ5μZEρισ 5λX:N⊥Eσ]掌长肌flexor carpi ulnaris[5φλεκσE ⎺κB:παI 5ΘλνEρισ]尺侧腕屈肌flexor digitorum superficials [5φλεκσE9δIδςI⎺τP:ρEμ σϕυ:πE5φιΦE λσ] 指浅屈肌flexor pollcis longus[5φλεκσE 5πXλσισ 5λX:N⊥Eσ]拇长屈肌flexor digitorum profundus [5φλεκσE 9δIδςI⎺τP:ρEμ πρE5φΘνδEσ]指深屈肌pronator quadratus[πρE5νειτE κωXδρEτEσ]旋前方肌extensor carpi radialis longus [ικσ5τενσE ⎺κB:παI 7ρειδι5ειλισ 5λX :N⊥Eσ] 桡侧腕长伸肌extensor carpi radialis brevis [ικσ5τενσE ⎺κB:παI 7ρειδι5ειλισ 5λX :N⊥Eσ] 桡侧腕短伸肌extensor digitorum[ικσ5τενσE9δIδςI⎺τP:ρEμ] 指伸肌extensor digiti minimi[ικσ5τενσE διδςιτι ⎺μIνIμαI]小指伸肌extensor carpi ulnaris[ικσ5τενσE ⎺κB:παI 5ΘλνEρισ]尺侧腕伸肌supinator [5σϕυ:πι7νειτE]旋后肌abductor pollicis longus[Aβ5δΘκτE5πXλσισ 5λX:N⊥Eσ]拇长展肌extensor pollicis brevis[ικσ5τενσE 5πXλσισ⎺κB:παI5βρεϖIσ]拇短伸肌extensor pollicis longus[ικσ5τενσE5πXλσισ 5λX:N⊥Eσ]拇长伸肌extensor indicis[ικσ5τενσEιν5διΦισ] 示指伸肌abductor pollicis brevis[Aβ5δΘκτE5πXλσισ 5βρεϖIσ]拇短展肌flexor pollicis brevis[5φλεκσE 5πXλσισ⎺κB:παI5βρεϖIσ]拇短屈肌opponens pollicis[E5πEυνενζ 5πXλσισ] 拇对掌肌adductor pollicis[Aβ5δΘκτE 5πXλσισ] 拇收肌abductor digiti minimi[Aβ5δΘκτE διδςιτι ⎺μIνIμαI]小指伸肌flexor digiti minimi brevis [5φλεκσE διδςιτι ⎺μIνIμαI 5βρεϖIσ]小指短屈肌opponens digiti minimi[E5πEυνενζ διδςιτι ⎺μIνIμαI]小指对掌肌lumbricales [7λΘμβρι5κειλισ]蚓状肌palmar interossei[5πAλμE 9IντEρ⎺XσI] 骨间对掌肌dorsal interossei[5δX:σEλ 9IντEρ⎺XσI] 骨间背侧肌iliopsoas [7ιλιEυ5σEυEσ]髂腰肌iliacus [5ιλιAκEσ]髂肌psoas major [5πσEυEσ 5μειδςE ]腰大肌psoas minor [5πσEυEσ 5μαινE]腰小肌tensor fasciae latae [ ]阔筋膜张肌gluteus maximus[5⊥λυ:τιEσ⎺μAκσIμEσ]臀大肌gluteus medius[5⊥λυ:τιEσ5μι:διEσ]臀中肌gluteus minimus[5⊥λυ:τιEσ 5μινιμEσ] 臀小肌piriformis [7πιρE5φX:μισ]犁状肌sartorius [σB:5τXριEσ]缝匠肌quadriceps femoris[5κωX:δρισεπσ 5φεμEρισ] 股四头肌adductor longus[E5δΘκτE 5λX:N⊥Eσ] 长收肌gracilis [⎺⊥ρAσIλIσ]股薄肌adductor brevis[E5δΘκτE 5βρεϖIσ] 短收肌adductor magnus [E5δΘκτE 5μA⊥νEσ]大收肌biceps femoris[5βαισεπσ 5φεμEρισ] 股二头肌semitendinosus[⎺σεμI5τενδινEσ] 半腱肌semimembranosus [⎺σεμI⎺μεμβρEνEσ]半膜肌tibialis anterior[5τιβιEλισ Aν5τιEριE] 胫骨前肌extensor digitorum longus [ικσ5τενσE 9δIδςI⎺τP:ρEμ 5λX:N⊥Eσ]趾长伸肌extensor hallucis longus[ικσ5τενσE ηE5λυ:σισ 5λX:N⊥Eσ]母长伸肌peroneus longus[5περEνEσ 5λX:N⊥Eσ]腓骨长肌peroneus brevis[5περEνEσ 5βρεϖIσ] 腓骨短肌triceps surae [5τραισεπσ 5συEρI]小腿三头肌gastrocnemius[7⊥AστρXκ5νι:μιEσ ] 腓肠肌soleus [⎺σEϑλIEσ]比目鱼肌tendo calcaneus[5τενδEυ κAλ5κεινιEσ]跟腱flexor digitorum longus[5φλεκσE 9δIδςI⎺τP:ρEμ 5λX:N⊥Eσ]趾长屈肌flexor hallucis longus[5φλεκσE ηE5λυ:σισ 5λX:N⊥Eσ]母长屈肌tibialis posterior[5τιβιEλισ πXσ5τιEριE]胫骨后肌内脏篇英文词汇viscera [5ϖισEρE]内脏splanchnology [σπλANκ5νXλEδςι]内脏学alimentary system[λI5μεντEρI 5σIστEμ] 消化系统alimentary canal[λI5μεντEρI κE5νAλ] 消化管alimentary gland[λI5μεντEρI ⊥λAνδ] 消化腺oral cavity [5X:ρEλ 5κAϖIτI]口腔oral vestibule[5X:ρEλ 5ϖεστIβϕυ:λ] 口腔前庭oral cavity proper[5X:ρEλ 5κAϖIτI 5πρPπEρ] 固有口腔oral lips [5X:ρEλ λIπσ]口唇philtrum [⎺φIλτρEμ]人中nasolabial sulcus[9νεIζEϑ5λεIβIEλ ⎺σΘλκEσ] 鼻唇沟cheek [τΦι:κ]颊papilla of parotid duct[πE5πIλE Eϖ πε5ρPτIδ δΘκτ] 腮腺管乳头palate [5πAλEτ]腭hard palate [ηB:δ 5πAλEτ]硬腭soft palate [σPφτ 5πAλEτ]软腭velum palatinum[⎺ϖι:λEμ 5πAλEτνEμ] 腭帆palatolglossal arch[9πAλEτEϑλ⎺⊥λXσEλ B:τΦ]腭舌弓isthmus of fauces [5IσμEσ [φ ⎺φP:σι:ζ]咽峡teeth [τι:Ω]牙upper dental arch [5ΘπE5δεντEλ B:τΦ]上牙弓lower dental arch[⎺λEϑE5δεντEλ B:τΦ] 下牙弓crown of tooth [κραϑν Xφ τυ:Ω]牙冠root of tooth [ρY:τ Xφ τυ:Ω]牙根neck of tooth [νεκ Xφ τυ:Ω] 牙颈pulp chamber [πΘλπ 5τΦεIμβE] 牙冠腔root canal [ρY:τκE5νAλ]牙根管apical foramen[5εIπIκEλ φE⎺ρεIμEν] 根尖孔dental cavity [5δεντEλ 5κAϖIτI]牙腔pulp cavity [πΘλπ 5κAϖIτI]髓腔dentine [5δεντι:ν]牙质enamel [I5νAμEλ]釉质cement [σI5μεντ]牙骨质dental pulp [5δεντEλ πΘλπ]牙髓periodontal membrane[9περIEυ⎺δXντEλ 5μεμβρεIν] 牙周膜alveolar bone [Aλ⎺ϖIEλE βEϑν]牙槽骨gingiva [δςIν⎺δςαIϖE]牙龈tongue [τΘN]舌body of tongue [5βPδI Pφ τΘN]舌体root of tongue [ρυ:τ Pφ τΘN] 舌根terminal sulcus[5τ∴:μIνλ ⎺σΘλκEσ] 界沟apex of tongue [⎺εIπεκσ Pφ τΘN]舌尖foramen cecum of tongue[φE⎺ρεIμEν ⎺σι:κEμ Pφ τΘN] 舌盲孔papillae of tongue [πE5πIλEρI Pφ τΘN]舌乳头filiform papillae[⎺φIλIφP:μ πE5πIλEρI] 丝状乳头fungiform papillae[⎺φΘνδςIφP:μ πE5πIλEρI] 菌状乳头foliate papillae[5φEϑλIεIτ πE5πIλEρI] 叶状乳头vallate papillae[⎺ϖAλεIτ πE5πIλEρI] 轮廓乳头lingual tonsil[5λIN⊥ωEλ 5τPνσEλ] 舌扁桃体frenulum of tongue[⎺φρενϕυλEμ Pφ τΘN] 舌系带sublingual caruncle[σΘβ⎺λIN⊥ωEλ ⎺κAρENκλ]舌下阜sublingual fold[σΘβ⎺λIN⊥ωEλ φEϑλδ] 舌下襞intrinsic lingual muscles[Iν5τρIνσIκ ⎺λIN⊥ωEλ 5μΘσEλσ]舌内肌extrinsic lingual muscles[εκσ5τρIνσIκ ⎺λIN⊥ωEλ 5μΘσEλσ]舌外肌genioglossus [δςι:νIEυ5⊥λPσEσ]颏舌肌salivary gland [⎺σAλIϖEρI ⊥λAνδ]唾液腺minor salivary gland[5μαIνE ⎺σAλIϖEρI ⊥λAνδ] 小唾液腺major salivary gland[5μεIδςE ⎺σAλIϖEρI ⊥λAνδ] 大唾液腺parotid gland [πε5ρPτIδ ⊥λAνδ] 腮腺parotid duct [πε5ρPτIδ δΘκτ]腮腺管accessory parotid gland[Eκ5σεσEρI πε5ρPτIδ ⊥λAνδ] 副腮腺submandibular gland[9σΘβμAν⎺δIβϕϑλE ⊥λAνδ] 下颌下腺sublingual gland[σΘβ⎺λIN⊥ωEλ ⊥λAνδ] 舌下腺pharynx [5φAρINκσ]咽cavity of pharynx[5κAϖIτI X:φ ⎺φAρINκσ] 咽腔nasopharynx [9νεIζEϑ⎺φAρINκσ]鼻咽pharynx opening of auditory tube [5φAρINκσ 5EϑπEνIN Eϖ 5X:δIτEρI τϕυ:β] 咽鼓管咽口tubal torus [⎺τϕY:βEλ ⎺τP:ρEσ]咽鼓管圆枕pharyngeal recess[9φAρIν⎺δςι:Eλ ρI5σεσ] 咽隐窝tubal tonsil [⎺τϕY:βEλ 5τPνσλ]咽鼓管扁桃体pharyngeal tonsil[9φAρIν⎺δςι:Eλ 5τPνσλ] 咽扁桃体oropharynx [9P:ρEϑ⎺φAρINκσ]口咽median glossoepiglottic fold [⎺μι:δIEν 9⊥λXσEϑεπι⎺γλPτικφEϑλδ]舌会厌正中襞epiglottic vallecula[9επI⎺⊥λXτικ ϖE⎺λεκϕυλE]会厌谷palatine tonsil [5πAλEταIν 5τPνσλ]腭扁桃体tonsillar fossulae[9τXνσI⎺λE 5φPσϕυλι:] 扁桃体小窝supratonsilar fossa[9συ:πρE⎺τPνσιλE ⎺φXσE] 扁桃体上窝laryngopharynx[λE9ρIN⊥Eϑ⎺φAρINκσ] 喉咽piriform recess[⎺πιριφP:μ ρI5σεσ] 梨状隐窝esophagus [ι:5σPφE⊥Eσ] 食管stomach [5στΘμEκ]胃lesser curvature of stomach [5λεσE5κ∴:ϖEτΦE Pϖ 5στΘμEκ]胃小弯angular incisure[5AN⊥ϕϑλE Iν⎺σIςE] 角切迹greater curvature of stomach [5⊥ρεIτE 5κ∴:ϖEτΦE Pϖ 5στΘμEκ]胃大弯cardia [⎺κB:δIE]贲门cardiac incisure[⎺κB:δIE Iν⎺σIςE] 贲门切迹pylorus [παI⎺λP:ρEσ] 幽门cardiac part [⎺κB:δIE πα:τ]贲门部fundus of stomach[⎺φΘνδEσ Pϖ 5στΘμEκ] 胃底fornix of stomach[⎺φP:νIκσ Pϖ 5στΘμEκ] 胃穹窿body of stomach[5βPδI Pϖ 5στΘμEκ] 胃体pyloric part [παI⎺λP:ρEσ πα:τ] 幽门部pyloric canal[παI⎺λP:ρEσ κE5νAλ] 幽门管pyloric antrum[παI⎺λP:ρEσ 5AντρEμ] 幽门窦pyloric valve [παI⎺λP:ρEσ ϖAλϖ]幽门瓣small intestine [σμX:λ Iν5τεστIν] 小肠duodenum [δϕυ:Eϑ5δι:νEμ] 十二指肠super part [5σϕυ:πE πα:τ]上部superior duodenal flexure[5σϕυ:πE 9δϕY:Eϑ⎺δι:νEλ ⎺φλεκΦE]十二指肠上曲duodenal bulb[9δϕY:Eϑ⎺δι:νEλ βΘλβ] 十二指肠球descending part[δI⎺σενδIN πα:τ] 降部inferior duodenal flexure[Iν5φIEρIE 9δϕY:Eϑ⎺δι:νEλ ⎺φλεκΦE]十二指肠下曲longitudinal fold of duodenum [λPNδςIτϕυ:δIνλ φEϑλδ Pϖ δϕυ:Eϑ5δι:νEμ]十二指肠纵襞major duodenal papilla[5μεIδςE 9δϕY:Eϑ⎺δι:νEλ πE5πIλE]十二指肠大乳头minor duodenal papilla[5μαIνE 9δϕY:Eϑ⎺δι:νEλ πE5πIλE]十二指肠小乳头horizontal part [ηPρI5ζPντλ πα:τ] 水平部ascending part [E⎺σενδIN πα:τ] 升部duodenojejunal flexure[9δϕY:Eϑ⎺δι:νEλδςιδςυEλ ⎺φλεκΦE]十二指肠空肠曲suspensory ligament of duodenum[σE⎺σπενσEρI5λI⊥EμEντ Pϖ δϕυ:Eϑ5δι:νEμ]十二指肠悬韧带jejunum [δςI5δςυ:νEμ]空肠ileum [5IλIEμ]回肠solitary lymphatic follicles [5σPλIτEρI λIμ5φAτIκ 5φϑλIκEλσ]孤立淋巴滤泡aggregated lymphatic follicles [5A⊥ρI⊥εIτIδ λIμ5φAτIκ 5φϑλIκEλσ]集合淋巴滤泡large intestine [λB:δς Iν5τεστIν] 大肠colic bands [5κPλIκ βAνδζ]结肠带haustra of colon[⎺ηP:στρE Pϖ 5κEϑλEν] 结肠袋epiploicae appendices[επI⎺πλEϑκι E5πενδισιζ] 肠脂垂caecum [⎺σι:κEμ]盲肠ileocecal orifice[ιλιEυ⎺σι:κEλ 5PρIφIσ] 回盲口ileocecal valve[ιλιEυ⎺σι:κEλ ϖAλϖ] 回盲瓣vermiform appendix[5ϖ∴:μIφX:μ E5πενδIκσ] 阑尾colon [5κEϑλEν]结肠ascending colon[E⎺σενδIN 5κEϑλEν] 升结肠right colic flexure[ραIτ ⎺κPλIκ ⎺φλεκΦE] 结肠右曲（肝曲）transverse colon[5τρAνζϖ∴:σ 5κEϑλEν] 横结肠left colic flexure[λεφτ ⎺κPλIκ ⎺φλεκΦE] 结肠左曲（脾曲）descending colon[δI⎺σενδIN 5κEϑλEν] 降结肠sigmoid colon[⎺σI⊥μPIδ 5κEϑλEν] 乙状结肠rectum [5ρεκτEμ]直肠sacral flexure of rectum[5σεIκρλ ⎺φλεκΦE Pφ 5ρεκτEμ] 直肠骶曲perineal flexure of rectum [9περI⎺νι:Eλ ⎺φλεκΦE Pφ 5ρεκτEμ]直肠会阴曲ampulla of rectum[Aμ5πϑλE ⎺φλεκΦE Pφ 5ρεκτEμ]直肠壶腹anal canal [5εIνEλ κE5νAλ]肛管anal columns [5εIνEλ 5κPλEμσ] 肛柱anal valves [5εIνEλ ϖAλϖζ]肛瓣anal sinuses [5εIνEλ 5σαIνEσισ]肛窦anorectal line [εIνEυ⎺ρεκτλ λαιν]肛直肠线dentate line [5δεντεIτ λαιν]齿状线anocutaneous line[εIνEυκϕυ:5τεIνIEσ λαιν] 肛皮线anal pecten [5εIνEλ ⎺πεκτIν]肛梳haemorrhoidal ring [ηεμEρPIδλ ρIN] 痔环white line [5ωαIτ λαιν]白线sphincter ani internus[⎺σφINκτE ⎺B:νI ⎺IντEνEσ] 肛门内扩约肌sphincter ani externus[⎺σφINκτE ⎺B:νI ⎺εκστEνEσ] 肛门外扩约肌subcutaneous part[σΘβκϕυ:5τεIνIEσ πB:τ] 皮下部superficial part[σϕυ:πE5φIΦEλ πB:τ] 浅部deep part [δι:π πB:τ]深部liver [5λIϖE]肝diaphragmatic surface[9δαIEφρA⊥⎺μAτIκ 5σ∴:φIσ] 膈面falciform ligament[⎺ΦAλσIφP:μ 5λI⊥EμEντ] 镰状韧带left lobe of liver[left λEϑβ Pφ λIϖE] 肝左叶right lobe of liver [rait λEϑβ Pφ λIϖE]肝右叶bare area [βεE 5εEρIE]裸区visceral surface[5ϖIσEρEλ 5σ∴:φIσ] 脏面porta hepatis [πP:τE ηεπEτIσ] 肝门fissure for ligamentum teres hepatis[5φIΦE φX:9λI⊥E⎺μεντEμ τερEσ ηεπEτIσ]肝圆韧带ligamentum venosum[9λI⊥E⎺μεντEμ 5ϖι:νEσEμ] 静脉韧带fossa for galibladder[⎺φXσE φX: 9⊥AλI5βλAδE] 胆囊窝sulcus for vena cava[⎺σΘλκEσ φX: ⎺ϖι:νE κAϖE] 腔静脉沟secondary porta of liver[5σεκEνδEρI πP:τE XφλIϖE] 第2肝门quadrate lobe [5κωPδρεIτ λEϑβ] 方叶caudate lobe [5κX:δεIτ λEϑβ]尾状叶gallbladder [9⊥AλI5βλAδE]胆囊fudus of gallbladder[φϕYδEσ Xφ 9⊥AλI5βλAδE] 胆囊。
人体解剖学中英名词对照表
人体解剖学英汉名词对照表注：用星号（＊）标注的名词为最常用的词汇，必须熟记掌握。
一、总论（一）解剖学分类（Classification of Anatomy)anatomy 解剖学human anatomy, anthropotomy 人类解剖学systematic anatomy 系统解剖学regional （topographic）anatomy，topology 局部解剖学gross （macroscopic) anatomy 大体解剖学,巨视解剖学microscopic anatomy 显微解剖学macro-microscopic anatomy 巨—微解剖学sectional anatomy 断面解剖学pathological (morbid）anatomy 病理解剖学neuroanatomy 神经解剖学chemical neuroanatomy 化学解剖学developmental anatomy 发生（或发育）histologic anatomy 组织解剖学histology 组织学embryology 胚胎学anthropology 人类学（二)一般解剖学术语（General Anatomical Terms）dissection,dissect (v。
) 解剖,解剖标本normality, normal （a.) 正常abnormality ，abnormal 异常variation 变异deformity, malformation 畸形specimen 标本model 模型（三)方位术语（Positional Terms）1. anatomical position 解剖学姿势2。
方位术语（terms of direction)superior，upper 上inferior，lower 下anterior 前侧posterior 后侧ventral （dorsal) 腹(背）侧medial (lateral）内(外）侧intermediate 中间internal，interior，inner，inside 内external, exterior, outer, outside 外superficial 浅deep，profound 深proximal （distal）近（远）侧ulnar （radial）尺（桡）侧tibial （fibular）胫(腓）侧palmar 掌侧plantar 足底left 左right 右middle 中median 正中3。
人体解剖学英汉名词对照表
(三)方位术语(Positional Terms)1. anatomical position 解剖学姿势2. 方位术语(terms of direction)superior, upper 上inferior, lower 下anterior 前侧posterior 后侧ventral (dorsal)腹(背)侧medial (lateral)内(夕卜)侧intermediate 中间internal, interior, inner, inside 内external, exterior, outer, outside 夕卜superficial 浅deep, profound 深proximal (distal)近(远)侧ulnar (radial)尺(梯)侧tibial (fibular)胫(腓)侧palmar掌侧plantar 足底left 左right 右middle 中median正中3. 轴和面(Axes and Planes)axis (pl. axes),axial (a.)车由vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinal axis 垂直轴, 纵轴coronal (frontal) axis 冠(额)状轴sagittal axis矢状车由plane (平)面horizontal (transverse) plane 水平面,横平面coronal (frontal) plane 冠(额)状面sagittal plane 矢状面median sagittal plane 正中矢状面transverse section 横切面longitudinal section 纵切面(3)附肢骨骼(Appendicular skeleton) shoulder girdle 上肢带骨，肩带骨scapula肩胛骨acromion 肩峰superior(medial,lateral)border 上(T,夕卜侧)缘coracoid process 喙突superior (inferior, lateral) angle 上(T,夕卜侧) 角glenoid cavity 关节盂* clavicle 锁骨bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨* Humerus 肱骨head of humerus 肱骨头anatomical(surgical)neck 解剖(夕卜科)颈greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节crest of greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节幡sulcus (groove)for radial n. 梯神经沟deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车olecranon (coronoid, radial) fossa 鹰嘴(冠突，梯)窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内(外)上醍sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟* radius 梯骨head (neck) of radius 梯骨头(颈)articular circumference 环状关节面radial tuberosity 梯骨粗隆interosseous border 骨间缘styloid process 茎突ulnal notch 尺切迹carpal articular surface 腕关节面* ulna尺骨olecranon 鹰嘴coronoid process 冠突ulnal tuberosity 尺骨粗隆trochleal(radial)notch 滑车(梯)切迹head of ulna 尺骨头bones of hand 手骨carpal bones 腕骨scaphoid bone 手舟骨lunate bone 月骨triangular bone 三角骨pisiform bone 豌豆骨trapezium bone 大多角骨trapezoid bone 小多角骨capitate bone 头状骨hamate bone 钩骨hamulus (hook) of hamate bone 钩骨钩Metacarpal bones 掌骨phalanges(bones) of fingers 指骨Action动作，作用flexion,flexor (m.),flex (v.) 屈extension,extensor (m.), extense (v.) 伸adduction,addutor (m.), adduct (v.) 收abduction,abdutor (m.), abduct (v.) 展Medial (lateral) rotation 旋内(外)pronation,pronator (m.), pronate (v.)旋前supination, supinator(m.), supinate(v.)旋后circumduction 环转运动(3)附肢骨骼的连结(Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton) joints of shoulder girdle 上肢带连coracoacromial lig.喙间韧带Coracoclavicular lig.喙锁韧带Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节Sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节Joints of free upper limb 自由上肢连结Shoulder joint 肩关节Elbow joint 肘关节Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节Humeroradial joint 肱梯关节Joints of hand 手关节Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint 梯腕关节，腕关节Intercarpal joints 腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints 腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节Intermetacarpal joints 掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指关节Interphalangeal joints of hand 指骨间关节pelvic girdle下肢带骨，盆带骨* hip bone 慨骨acetabulum 髓臼acetabular fossa (notch)慨臼窝(切迹)obturator foramen 闭孑L* Ilium骼骨body (ala) of ilium 骼骨体(翼)arcuate line 弓状线iliac crest 骼幡Tubercle骼结节Anterior superior (inferior) iliac spine 骼前上(下) 棘Posterior superior (inferior) iliac spine 骼后上(下)棘Iliac fossa骼窝Auricular surface 耳状面Iliac tuberosity 骼粗隆* Ischium 坐骨Greater (lesser) sciatic notch 坐骨大(小)切迹* Pubis 耻骨Symphsial surface 耻骨联合面superior (inferior) ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支ililopubic eminence 骼耻隆起pecten of pubis 耻骨梳bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨* femur股骨fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹head (neck) of femur 股骨头(颈)greater (lesser) trochanter 大小转子intertrochanteric line 转子间线intertrochanteric crest 转子间幡linea aspera,rough line of femur 粗线pectineal line 耻骨肌线gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆popliteal surface 胭面medial (lateral) condyle 内(夕卜)侧醍adductor tubercle 收肌结节intercondylar fossa 醍间窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内夕卜上醍patella 骸骨* tibia胫骨intercondylar eminence 醍间隆起shaft (tuberosity) of tibia 胫骨体粗隆soleal line比目鱼肌线medial (lateral) malleolus 内外醍Fibula,perone 腓骨bones of foot 足骨tarsal bones 跄骨talus距骨calcaneus 跟骨navicular bone 足舟骨medial cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨cuboid bone 骰骨metatarsal bones 跖骨phalanges (bones) of toes 趾骨Joints of pelvic girdle 下肢带连结Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合Interpubic disc 耻骨间盘Obturator membrane 闭孑LU Sacroiliac joints 瓠骼关节Sacrotuberous lig.瓠结节韧带Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen 坐骨大 (小)孑匕Pelvis骨盆Terminal line 界线Greater (lesser) pelvis 大小骨盆Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture 骨盆上下口Pubic arch耻骨弓Subpubic angle 耻骨下角Pelvic cavity 骨盆腔Joints of free lower limb 自由下肢连结Hip joint髓关节Transverse acetabular lig.髓臼横韧带Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带Knee joint膝关节Medial (lateral) meniscus 内外侧半月板Transverse lig.of knee 月黍横韧带Anterior cruciate lig. 前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate lig.后交叉韧带Fibular (tibial) collateral lig.腓(胫)侧副韧带Ligament of patella 骸韧带Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜Joints of foot 足关节talocrural joint, ankle joint 距小腿关节，踝关节intertarsal joints 跄骨间关节subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint 距下关节，距跟关节transverse tarsal joint 跄横关节talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节tarsometatarsal joint 跄跖关节intermetatarsal joints 跖骨间关节metatarsophalangeal joint 跖趾关节interphalangeal joints of foot 跖骨间关节arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch 足弓，跄跖弓medial (lateral) longitudinal arch 内(夕卜)侧纵弓transverse arch 横弓(4)下肢肌(muscles of lower limb)muscles of hip 髓肌iliopsoas m.骼腰肌iliac m.骼肌greater psoas m.腰大肌greatest (middle, least) gluteal m.臀大(中，小)肌tensor m. of broad fascia 阔筋膜张肌pririform m.梨状肌internal obturator m. 闭孑L内肌external obturator m.闭孔夕卜肌quadrate m. of thigh 股方肌muscles of thigh 大腿肌sartorius m.缝匠肌quadriceps m. If thigh 股四头肌pectineal m.耻骨肌slender m. gracile m 股薄肌.long(short)adductor m.长短收肌great adductor m.大收肌biceps m. of thigh 股二头肌semiterninous m.半腱肌semimembranous m.半膜肌muscles of leg 小腿肌anterior (posterior)tibial m. 胫骨前后肌long extensor m. of digits 趾长伸肌long estensor m. lf great toe 拇长伸肌long (short)peroneal 腓骨长短肌triceps m. of calf 小腿三头肌gastrocnemius m.腓肠肌soleus m.比目鱼肌tendon of heel 跟腱long flexor m. of toe 趾长伸肌long flexor m. of great toe 拇长屈肌muscles of foot 足肌broad fascia 阔筋膜iliotibial tract 骼筋束adductor tendinous opening, adductor hiatus 收肌腱裂孑L adductor canal 收肌管muscular lacuna 肌腔隙iliopectineal arch 骼耻弓vascular lacuna 血管腔隙femoral triangle(sheath)股三角(鞘)femoral canal(ring) 股管(环)saphenous hiatus, oral fossa 隐静脉裂孔，卵圆窝malleolar canal 踝管。
《解剖专业英语词汇》
人体解剖学专业英语词汇邵旭建青岛大学医学院解剖教研室Introduction（绪论）systematic anatomy（系统解剖学）regional(topographic) anatomy（局部解剖学）head头（face面，cranium颅）neck颈（cervix颈，nucha项）trunk躯干（thorax胸，abdomen腹，pelvis 盆，perineum会阴，back背）limbs四肢（upper limb上肢，lower limb下肢）anatomical position（解剖学姿势）superior and inferior（上与下）anterior and posterior（前与后）medial and lateral（内侧与外侧）superficial and deep（浅与深）internal and external（内与外）proximal and distal（近侧与远侧）vertical axis（垂直轴）sagittal axis（矢状轴）coronal(frontal) axis冠状轴（额状轴）sagittal plane（矢状面）coronal(frontal) plane（冠状面）horizontal(transverse) plane（水平面）I.Locomotor System（运动系统）1.Bony System (Osteology)（骨学）long bone（长骨）short bone（短骨）flat bone（扁骨）irregular bone（不规则骨）shaft（骨干）medullary cavity（髓腔）nutrient foramen（滋养孔）epiphysis（骺）metaphysis（干骺端）epiphysial cartilage（骺软骨）epiphysial line（骺线）bony substance（骨质）compact(dense) bone（骨密质）cancellous(spongy) bone（骨松质）trabeculae（骨小梁）diploe（板障）periosteum（骨膜）bony marrow（骨髓）(1)Bones of Trunk（躯干骨）vertebrae（椎骨）cervical vertebrae（颈椎）thoracic vertebrae（胸椎）lumbar vertebrae（腰椎）sacrum（骶骨）coccyx（尾骨）body(centrum)（椎体）arch（椎弓）pedicles（椎弓根）laminae（椎弓板）spinous process（棘突）transverse process（横突）superior process（上关节突）inferior process（下关节突）intervertebral foramina（椎间孔）vertebral foramen and vertebral canal（椎孔、椎管）uncus of vertebral body（椎体钩）Luschka joint（钩椎关节）carotis tubercle（颈动脉结节）atlas（寰椎）anterior arch（前弓）posterior arch（后弓）lateral masses（侧块）dental fovea（齿突凹）groove for vertebral artery（椎动脉沟）axis（枢椎）odontoid process（齿突）vertebra prominens（隆椎）thoracic vertebrae（胸椎）costal facets（肋凹）lumbar vertebrae（腰椎）sacrum（骶骨）promontory（骶岬）ala（翼）articular surface（耳状面）sacral tuberosity（骶粗隆）anterior sacral foramen（骶前孔）median sacral crest（骶正中嵴）posterior sacral foramen（骶后孔）sacral horn（骶角）sacral canal（骶管）sacral hiatus（骶管裂孔）sternum（胸骨）manubrium（柄）clavicular notch（锁切迹）jugular notch（颈静脉切迹）body（体）costal notche（肋切迹）xiphoid process（剑突）sternal angle（胸骨角）rib（肋骨）costal head（肋头）costal neck（肋颈）costal tubercle（肋结节）costal body（肋体）costal angle（肋角）costal groove（肋沟）costal cartilage（肋软骨）(2)Skull（颅）1)Bones of Cerebral Cranium（脑颅骨）frontal bone（额骨）frontal squama（额鳞）ethmoid bone（筛骨）perpendicular plate（垂直板）ethmoid labyrinth（筛骨迷路）superior nasal cocha（上鼻甲）middle nasal cocha（中鼻甲）sphenoid bone（蝶骨）parietal bone（顶骨）temporal bone（颞骨）squamous part（鳞部）tympanic part（鼓部）petrous part（岩部）occipital bone(枕骨)2)Bones of Facial Cranium（面颅骨）maxilla（上颌骨）body of maxilla（上颌体）infraorbital foramen（眶下孔）frontal process（额突）zygomatic process（颧突）alveolar process（牙槽突）palatine process（腭突）zygomatic bone（颧骨）palatine bone（腭骨）horizontal plate（水平板）perpendicular plate（垂直板）nasal bone（鼻骨）lacrimal bone（泪骨）inferior nasal concha（下鼻甲）vomer（犁骨）mandible（下颌骨）body of mandible（下颌体）base of mandible（下颌底）alveolar arch（牙槽弓）mental foramen（颏孔）mental protuberance（颏隆起）mental spine（颏棘）digastric fossa（二腹肌窝）ramus of mandible（下颌支）coronoid process（冠突）condylar process（髁突）mandibular notch（下颌切迹）head of mandible（下颌头）neck of mandible（下颌颈）mandibular angle（下颌角）mandibular foramen（下颌孔）mandibular canal（下颌管）mandibular lingula（下颌小舌）hyoid bone（舌骨）greater horn（大角）lesser horn（小角）3)Superior Aspect of Skull（颅骨上面观）coronal suture（冠状缝）sagittal suture（矢状缝）lamboid suture（人字缝）parietal foramen（顶孔）parietal tubercle（顶结节）4)Posterior Aspect of Skull（颅骨后面观）external occipital protuberance（枕外隆突）superior nuchal line（上项线）inferior nuchal line（上项线）5)Internal Aspect of Skull Cap（颅顶内面观）arterial sulcus（动脉沟）sulcus for superior sagittal sinus（上矢状窦沟）granular foveolae（颗粒小窝）anterior cranial fossa（颅前窝）frontal crest（额嵴）foramen cecum（盲孔）crista galli（鸡冠）cribriform plate（筛板）cribriform foramina（筛孔）middle crinial fossa（颅中窝）optic canal（视神经管）anterior clinoid process（前床突）posterior clinoid process（后床突）tuberculum sellae（鞍结节）dorsum sellae（鞍背）sella turcica（蝶鞍）carotid sulcus（颈动脉沟）supraorbital fissure（眶上裂）foramen lacerum（破裂孔）internal opening for carotid canal（颈动脉管内口）foramen rotundum（圆孔）foramen ovale（卵圆孔）foramen spinosus（棘孔）sulcus for middle menigeal artery（脑膜中动脉沟）tegmen tympani（鼓室盖）trigeminal impression（三叉神经压迹）posterior cranial fossa（颅后窝）foramen magnus（枕骨大孔）clivus（斜坡）internal opening for hypoglossal canal（舌下神经管内口）internal occipital probuberance（枕内隆凸）sulcus for transverse sinus（横窦沟）sulcus for sigmoid sinus（乙状窦沟）jugular foramen（颈静脉孔）internal acoustic pore（内耳门）internal acoustic meatus（内耳道）6)External Aspect of Base of Skull（颅骨底面观）bony palate（骨腭）intermaxillary suture（腭中缝）incisive foramen（切牙孔）incisive canal（切牙管）greater palatine foramen（腭大孔）posterior nasal aperture（鼻后孔）occipital condyle（枕髁）external opening of hypoglossal canal（舌下神经管外口）condylar canal（髁管）external opening of carotid canal（颈动脉管外口）styloid process（茎突）stylomastoid foramen（茎乳孔）mandibular fossa（下颌窝）articular tubercle（关节结节）lateral pterygoid plate（翼突外侧板）medial pterygoid plate（翼突内侧板）pterygoid process（翼突）pterygoid canal（翼管）6)Lateral Aspect of Skull（颅骨侧面观）external acoustic pore（外耳门）mastoid process（乳突）zygomatic arch（颧弓）temporal fossa（颞窝）superior temporal line（上颞线）inferior temporal line（下颞线）pterion（翼点）infratemporal fossa（颞下窝）pterygopalatine fissure（翼上颌裂）pterygopalatine fossa（翼腭窝）sphenopalatine foramen（蝶腭孔）7)Anterior Aspect of Skull（颅骨前面观）frontal tubercle（额结节）superciliary arch（眉弓）glabella（眉间）orbit（眶）base（底）supraorbital margin（眶上缘）supraorbital foramen(notch)眶上孔（切迹）infraorbital margin（眶下缘）infraorbital foramen（眶下孔）apex（尖）optic canal（视神经管）fossa for lacrimal gland（泪腺窝）infraorbital groove（眶下沟）infraorbital canal（眶下管）fossa for lacrimal sac（泪囊窝）superior orbital fissure（眶上裂）inferior orbital fissure（眶下裂）piriform aperture（梨状孔）bony septum of nose（骨鼻中隔）superior nasal meatus（上鼻道）middle nasal meatus（中鼻道）inferior nasal meatus（下鼻道）nasolacrimal canal（鼻泪管）sphenoethmoidal recess（蝶筛隐窝）frontal sinus（额窦）maxillary sinus（上颌窦）ethmoidal sinus（筛窦）sphenoid sinus（蝶窦）anterior fontanelle前囟（额囟）posterior fontanelle后囟（枕囟）anterolateral fontanelle前外侧囟（蝶囟）posterolateral fontanelle后外侧囟（乳突囟）(3)Bones of Upper Limb（上肢骨）shoulder girdle（上肢带骨）clavicle（锁骨）scapula（肩胛骨）subscapular fossa（肩胛下窝）spine of scapula（肩胛冈）supraspinous fossa（冈上窝）infrospinous fossa（冈下窝）coracoid process（喙突）scapular notch（肩胛切迹）glenoid cavity（关节盂）uproscapular tubercle（盂上结节）infroscapular tubercle（盂下结节）bones of free upper limb（自由上肢骨）humerus（肱骨）head of humerus（肱骨头）anatomical neck（解剖颈）surgical neck（外科颈）greater tubercle（大结节）lesser tubercle（小结节）crest of greater tubercle（大结节嵴）crest of lesser tubercle（小结节嵴）intertubercular sulcus（结节间沟）groove for radial nerve（桡神经沟）deltoid tuberosity（三角肌粗隆）capitulum of humerus（肱骨小头）trochlea of humerus（肱骨滑车）coronoid fossa（冠突窝）radial fossa（桡窝）olecranon fossa（鹰嘴窝）medial epicondyle（内上髁）lateral epicondyle（外上髁）sulcus for ulnar nerve（尺神经沟）radius（桡骨）head of radius（桡骨头）neck of radius（桡骨颈）radial tuberosity（桡骨粗隆）articular fovea（关节凹）articular circumference（环状关节面）interosseous border（骨间缘）styloid process（茎突）ulnar notch（尺切迹）carpal articular surface（腕关节面）ulna（尺骨）olecranon（鹰嘴）coronoid process（冠突）trochlear notch（滑车切迹）ulna tuberosity（尺骨粗隆）radial notch（桡切迹）interosseous border（骨间缘）head of ulna（尺骨头）styloid process（茎突）skeleton of hand（手骨）carpal bones（腕骨）scaphoid bone（手舟骨）lunate bone（月骨）triquetral bone（三角骨）pisiform bone（豌豆骨）trapezium bone（大多角骨）trapezoid bone（小多角骨）capitate bone（头状骨）hamate bone（钩骨）metacarpal bones（掌骨）phalanges（指骨）(4)Bones of Lower Limb（下肢骨）pelvic girdle（下肢带骨）hip bone（髋骨）ilium（髂骨）acetabulum（髋臼）obturator of formen（闭孔）body of ilium（髂骨体）ala of ilium（髂骨翼）iliac crest（髂嵴）anterior superior iliac spine（髂前上棘）posterior superior iliac spine（髂后上棘）anterior inferior iliac spine（髂前下棘）posterior inferior iliac spine（髂后下棘）iliac tubercle（髂结节）greater sciatic notch（坐骨大切迹）iliac fossa（髂窝）arcuate line（弓状线）gluteal surface（臀面）ischium（坐骨）body of ischium（坐骨体）ramus of ischium（坐骨支）ischial spine（坐骨棘）lesser sciatic notch（坐骨小切棘）ischial tuberosity（坐骨结节）pubis（耻骨）body of pubis（耻骨体）superior ramus of pubis（耻骨上支）inferior ramus of pubis（耻骨下支）iliopubic eminence（髂耻隆起）pecten of pubis（耻骨梳）pubic tubercle（耻骨结节）symphyseal surface（耻骨联合面）lunate surface（月状面）acetabular fossa（宽臼窝）acetabular notch（髋臼切迹）bones of free lower limb（自由下肢骨）femur（股骨）femoral head（股骨头）fovea of femoral head（股骨头窝）neck of femur（股骨颈）greater trochanter（大转子）lesser trochanter（小转子）intertrochanteric line（转子间线）intertrochanteric crest（转子间嵴）linea aspera（粗线）gluteal tuberosity（臀肌粗隆）pectineal line（耻骨肌线）popliteal surface（腘面）medial condyle（内侧髁）lateral condyle（外侧髁）intercondylar fossa（髁间窝）adductor tubercle（收肌结节）patella（髌骨）tibia（胫骨）intercondylar eminence（髁间隆起）tibial tuberosity（胫骨粗隆）interosseous border（骨间缘）soleal line（比目鱼肌线）medial malleolus（内踝）fibular notch（腓切迹）fibula（腓骨）fibular head（腓骨头）interosseous border（骨间缘）lateral malleous（外踝）skeleton of foot（足骨）tarsal bones（跗骨）talus（距骨）calcaneus（跟骨）navicular bone（足舟骨）medial cuneiform bone（内侧楔骨）intermediate cuneiform bone（中间楔骨）lateral cuneiform bone（外侧楔骨）cuboid bone（骰骨）metartarsal bones（跖骨）phalanges of toes（趾骨）2.Arthrology（关节学）synarthroses（不动关节）fibrous joint（纤维连结）syndesmosis（韧带连结）ligament（韧带）interosseous membrane（骨间膜）suture（缝）cartilaginous joint（软骨连结）synchondrosis（透明软骨结合）symphysis（纤维软骨结合）synostosis（骨性结合）diarthrosis(synovial joint)动关节（滑膜关节）articular surface（关节面）articular caput（关节头）articular fossa（关节窝）articular cartilage（关节软骨）joint capsule（关节囊）fibrous membrane（纤维膜）synovial membrane（滑膜）synovial villi（滑膜绒毛）joint cavity（关节腔）articular disc and meniscus（关节盘、半月板）articular lip（关节唇）synovial plica（滑膜襞）synovial bursa（滑膜囊）gliding or slipping movement（滑动）flexion and extension（屈和伸）adduction and abduction（收和展）pronation and supination （旋前和旋后）rotation（旋转）circumduction（环转）uniaxial joint（单轴关节）hinge joint(trochlear joint)屈戍关节（滑车关节）pivot joint（车轴关节）biaxial joint（双轴关节）ellipsoid joint(condyloid joint)椭圆关节（髁状关节）saddle joint（鞍状关节）polyaxial joint（三轴关节）ball and socket joint（球窝关节）plane joint（平面关节）(1)Joints of Bones of Trunk（躯干骨的连结）vertebral column（脊柱）intervertebral disc（椎间盘）annulus fibrosus（纤维环）nucleus pulpsus（髓核）anterior longitudinal ligament（前纵韧带）posterior longitudinal ligament（后纵韧带）ligamenta flava (yellow ligament)（黄韧带）interspinal ligaments（棘间韧带）supraspinal ligament（棘上韧带）ligamentum nuchae（项韧带）intertransverse ligament（横突间韧带）zygapophysial joint（关节突韧带）atlantooccipital joint（寰枕关节）anterior atlantooccipital membrane（寰枕前膜）posterior atlantooccipital membrane（寰枕后膜）atlantoaxial joint（寰枢关节）lateral atlantoaxial joint（寰枢外侧关节）median atlantoaxial joint（寰枢正中关节）apical ligament of dens（齿突尖韧带）alar ligament（翼状韧带）transverse ligament of atlas（寰椎横韧带）membrana tectoria（覆膜）cervical curve（颈曲）thoracic curve（胸曲）lumbar curve（腰曲）sacral curve（骶曲）thoracic cage（胸廓）superior aperture of thorax(inlet of thorax)（胸廓上口）inferior aperture of thorax（utlet of thorax)（胸廓下口）infrasternal angle（胸骨下角）intercostal space（肋间隙）costovertebral joint（肋椎关节）joint of costal head（肋头关节）costotransverse joint（肋横突关节）sternocostal joint（胸肋关节）(2)Synovial Joint of Skull（颅的连结）sphenooccipital synchondrosis（蝶枕软骨结合）temporomandibular joint（颞下颌关节）lateral ligament（外侧韧带）(3)Joints of Upper Limb（上肢骨连结）sternoclavicular joint（胸锁关节）acromioclavicular joint（肩锁关节）acromioclavicular ligament（肩锁韧带）coracoacromial ligament（喙锁韧带）coracoacromial ligament（喙肩韧带）shoulder joint（肩关节）elbow joint（肘关节）humeroulnar joint（肱尺关节）humeroradial joint（肱桡关节）proximal radioulnar joint（近侧桡尺关节）annular ligament（环状韧带）radial collateral ligament（桡侧副韧带）ulnar collateral ligament（尺侧副韧带）interosseous membrane of forearm（前臂骨间膜）distal radioulnar joint（远侧桡尺关节）joints of hand（手关节）wrist joint (radiocarpal joint)（腕关节）intercarpal joint（腕骨间关节）carpometacarpal joint（腕掌关节）carpometacarpal joint of thumb（拇指腕掌关节）intermetacarpal joint（掌骨间关节）metacarpophalangeal joint（掌指关节）palmar ligment（掌侧韧带）collateral ligment（侧副韧带）interphalangeal joint（指骨间关节）(4)Joints of Lower Limb（下肢骨连结）sacroiliac joint（骶髂关节）anterior sacroiliac ligament（骶髂前韧带）posterior sacroiliac ligament（骶髂后韧带）interosseous sacroiliac ligament（骶髂骨间韧带）iliolumbar ligament（髂腰韧带）sacrotuberous ligament（骶结节韧带）sacrospinous ligament（骶棘韧带）greater sciatic foramen（坐骨大孔）lesser sciatic foramen（坐骨小孔）pubic symphysis（耻骨联合）interpubic disc（耻骨间盘）suprapubic ligament（耻骨上韧带）arcurate pubic ligament（耻骨弓状韧带）obturator membrane（闭孔膜）obturator canal（闭膜管）pelvis（骨盆）greater pelvis（大骨盆）lesser pelvis（小骨盆）superior pelvic aperture(pelvic inlet)（骨盆上口）inferior pelvic aperture(pelvic outlet)（骨盆下口）pubic arch（耻骨弓）subpubic angle（耻骨下角）hip joint（髋关节）transverse acetabular ligament（髋臼横韧带）ligament of head of femur（股骨头韧带）iliofemoral ligament（髂股韧带）pubofemoral ligament（耻股韧带）ichiofemoral ligament（髂股韧带）zona orbicularis（轮匝带）knee joint（膝关节）patella ligament（髌韧带）tibial collateral ligament（胫侧副韧带）fibular collateral ligament（腓侧副韧带）oblique popliteal ligament（腘斜韧带）anterior cruciate ligament（前交叉韧带）posterior cruciate ligament（前交叉韧带）medial meniscus（内侧半月板）lateral meniscus（外侧半月板）suprapatellar bursa（髌上囊）deep infrapatallar bursa（髌下深囊）alar folds（翼状襞）tibiofibular joint（胫腓关节）crural interosseous membrane（小腿骨间膜）joint of foot（足关节）ankle joint(talocrural joint)（踝关节）medial(deltoid) ligament（内侧韧带）lateral ligament（外侧韧带）anterior talofibular ligament（距腓前韧带）posterior talofibular ligament（距腓后韧带）calcaneofibular ligament（跟腓韧带）talocalcaneal joint距跟关节（距下关节）talocalcaneonavicular joint（距跟舟关节）calcaneocuboid joint（跟骰关节）plantar calcaneonavicular ligament跟舟足底韧带（跳跃韧带）bifurcated ligament（分岐韧带）tarsometatarsal joint（跗跖关节）intermetatarsal joint（跖骨间关节）metatarsophalangeal joint（跖趾关节）interphalangeal joint（趾骨间关节）arch of foot（足弓）medial longitudunal arch（内侧纵弓）lateral longitudinal arch（外侧纵弓）transverse arch（横弓）3.Myology (Muscular System)（肌学）belly and tendon（肌腹和肌腱）aponeurosis（腱膜）long muscle（长肌）short muscle（短肌）flat muscle（扁肌）orbicular muscle（轮匝肌）prime mover（原动肌）fixator（固定肌）synergist（协同肌）antagonist（拮抗肌）fascia（筋膜）superficial(subcutaneous) fascia（浅筋膜）deep(proper) fascia（深筋膜）intermuscular septum（肌间隔）synovial bursa（滑膜囊）tendinous sheath（腱鞘）fibrous layer（纤维层）synovial layer（滑膜层）mesotendon（腱系膜）(1)Muscles of Head（头肌）1)Facial Muscles（面肌）epicranius(occipitofrontalis)（颅顶肌）frontal belly（额腹）galea aponeurotica（帽状腱膜）occipital belly（枕腹）orbicularis oculi（眼轮匝肌）muscles around mouth（口周围肌）orbicularis oris（口轮匝肌）levator labii superioris（提上唇肌）depressor anguli oris（降口角肌）depressor labii inferioris（降下唇肌）levator anguli oris（提口角肌）risorius（笑肌）zygomaticus major（颧大肌）zygomaticus minor（颧小肌）buccinator（颊肌）2)Masticatory Muscles（咀嚼肌）masseter（咬肌）temporalis（颞肌）lateral pterygoid（翼外肌）medial pterygoid（翼内肌）(2)Muscles of Neck（颈肌）platysma（颈阔肌）sternocleidomastoid（胸锁乳突肌）suprahyoid mm.（舌骨上肌群）diagastric（二腹肌）myohyoid（下颌舌骨肌）stylohyoid（茎突舌骨肌）geniohyoid（颏舌骨肌）infrahyoid mm.（舌骨下肌群）sternohyoid（胸骨舌骨肌）omohyoid（肩胛舌骨肌）sternohyoid（胸骨甲状肌）thyrohyoid（甲状舌骨肌）scalenus anterior（前斜角肌）scalenus medius（中斜角肌）scalenus posterior（后斜角肌）(3)Muscles of Trunk（躯干肌）1)Muscles of Back（背肌）trapezius（斜方肌）latissimus dorsi（背阔肌）levator scapulae（肩胛提肌）rhomboideus（菱形肌）erector spinae(sacrospinalis)（竖脊肌）splenius（夹肌）thoracolumbar fascia（胸腰筋膜）2)Muscles of Thorax（胸肌）pectoralis major（胸大肌）pectoralis minor（胸小肌）serratus anterior（前锯肌）intercostales externi（肋间外肌）intercostales interni（肋间内肌）intercostales intimi（肋间最内肌）diaphragm（膈）central tendon（中心腱）vena caval foramen（腔静脉孔）esophageal hiatus（食管裂孔）aortic hiatus（主动脉裂孔）3)Muscles of Abdomen（腹肌）obliquus externus abdominis（腹外斜肌）inguinal ligament（腹股沟韧带）lacunal ligament（腔隙韧带）obliquus internus abdominis（腹内斜肌）inguinal falx(conjoint tendon)腹股沟镰（联合腱）transversus abdominis（腹横肌）rectus abdominis（腹直肌）tendinosus intersection（腱划）sheath of rectus abdominis（腹直肌鞘）arcuate line（弓状线）linea alba（白线）quardratus lumborum（腰方肌）inner investing fascia（腹内筋膜）diaphragmatic fascia（膈筋膜）iliaopsoas fascia（髂腰筋膜）pelvic fascia（盆筋膜）transversalis fascia（腹横筋膜）inguinal canal（腹股沟管）superficial inguinal ring（腹股沟管浅环）deep inguinal ring（腹股沟管深环）(4)Muscles of Upper Limb（上肢肌）1)Muscles of Shoulder（肩部肌）deltoid（三角肌）supraspinatus（冈上肌）infraspinatus（冈下肌）teres minor（大圆肌）teres major（小圆肌）subscapularis（肩胛下肌）2)Muscles of Arm（臂肌）biceps brachii（肱二头肌）coracobrachialis（喙肱肌）brachialis（肱肌）triceps brachii（肱三头肌）3)Muscles of Forearm（前臂肌）Brachioradialis（肱桡肌）pronator teres（旋后肌）flexor carpi radialis（桡侧腕屈肌）palmaris longus（掌长肌）flexor carpi ulnaris（尺侧腕屈肌）flexor digitorum superficialis（指浅屈肌）flexor pollicis longus（拇长屈肌）flexor digitorum profundus（指深屈肌）pronator quadratus（旋前方肌）anconeus（肘肌）extensor carpi radialis longus（桡侧腕长伸肌）extensor carpi radialis brevis（桡侧腕短伸肌）extensor digitorum（指深肌）extensor digiti minimi（小指深肌）extensor carpi ulnaris（尺侧腕深肌）supinator（旋后肌）abductor pollicis longus（拇长展肌）extensor pollicis brevis（拇短伸肌）extensor pollicis longus（拇长伸肌）extensor indicis（示指伸肌）4)Muscles of Hand（手肌）abductor pollicis brevis（拇短展肌）flexor pollicis brevis（拇短屈肌）opponens pollicis（拇对掌肌）adductor pollicis（拇收肌）abductor digiti minimi（小指展肌）flexor digiti minimi brevis（小指短屈肌）oppenens digiti minimi（小指对掌肌）lumbricales（蚓状肌）palmar interossei（骨间掌侧肌）dorsal interossei（骨间背侧肌）axillary fossa（腋窝）trilateral foramen（三边孔）quadrilateral foramen（四边孔）deltopectoral groove（三角胸肌间沟）cubital fossa（肘窝）carpal canal（腕管）(5)Muscles of Lower Limb（下肢肌）1)Muscles of Hip（髋肌）iliopsoas（髂腰肌）psoas major（腰大肌）iliacus（髂肌）psoas minor（腰小肌）tensor fascia latae（阔筋膜张肌）iliotibial tract（髂胫束）gluteas maximus（臀大肌）gluteas medius（臀中肌）gluteas minimus（臀小肌）piriformis（梨状肌）obturator internus（闭孔内肌）obturator externus（闭孔外肌）quadratus femoris（股方肌）2)Muscles of Thigh（大腿肌）sartorius（缝匠肌）quadriceps femoris（股四头肌）rectus femoris（股直肌）vastus medialis（股内侧肌）vastus lateralis（股外侧肌）vastus intermedius（股中间肌）pectineus（耻骨肌）gracilis（股薄肌）adductor longus（长收肌）adductor brevis（短收肌）adductor magnus（大收肌）biceps femoris（股二头肌）；semitendinosus（半腱肌）semimenbranosus（半膜肌）3)Muscles of Leg（小腿肌）tibialis anterior（胫骨前肌）extensor digitorum longus（趾长深肌）extensor hallucis longus（拇长深肌）triceps surae（小腿三头肌）tendo calcaneus（跟腱）gastrocnemius（腓肠肌）soleus（比目鱼肌）plantaris（跖肌）popliteus（腘肌）flexor digitorum longus（趾长屈肌）tibialis posterior（胫骨后肌）flexor hallucis longus（拇长屈肌）peroneus longus（腓骨长肌）peroneus brevis（腓骨短肌）4)Muscles of Foot（足肌）extensor hallucis brevis（拇短伸肌）extensor digitorum brevis（趾短伸肌）abductor hallucis（拇展肌）flexor hallucis brevis（拇短屈肌）adductor hallucis（拇收肌）abductor digiti minimi（小趾展肌）flexor digiti minimi brevis（小趾短屈肌）flexor digitorum brevis（趾短屈肌）quadratus plantae（足底方肌）lumbricales（足蚓状肌）plantar interossei（骨间足底肌）dorsal interossei（骨间背侧肌）II.Splanchnology（内脏学）viscera（内脏）tubular viscus（中空性器官）mucous membrane (mucosa)（粘膜）submucosa（粘膜下层）muscular coat（肌层）adventitia(serosa)（外膜）parenchymatous organ（实质性器官）hilum(porta)（门）reference line of thorax（胸部标志线）anterior median line（前正中线）sternal line（胸骨线）midclavicular line（锁骨中线）parasternal line（胸骨旁线）anterior axillary line（腋前线）middle axillary line（腋中线）posterior axillary line（腋后线）scapular line（肩胛线）posterior median line（后正中线）abdominal regions（腹部分区）right hypochondric region（右季肋区）epigastric region（腹上区）left hypochondric region（左季肋区）right lumbar region（右腰区）umbilical region（脐区）left lumbar region（右腰区）right iliac region（右髂区）hypogastric region（腹下区）left iliac region（右髂区）1.Alimentary System（消化系统）alimentary canal（消化管）alimentary gland（消化腺）(1)Oral Cavity（口腔）oral vestibule（口腔前庭）oral lips（口唇）upper lip（上唇）philtrum（人中）lower lip（下唇）nasolabial sulcus（鼻唇沟）frenulum of upper lip（上唇系带）cheek（颊）oral cavity proper（固有口腔）hard palate（硬腭）soft palate（软腭）uvula（腭垂）palatine velum（腭帆）palatoglossal arch（腭舌弓）palatopharyngeal arch（腭咽弓）isthmus of fauces（咽峡）teeth (dentes)（牙）deciduous teeth（乳牙）permanent teeth（恒牙）incisor（切牙）canine（尖牙）premolar（前磨牙）molar（磨牙）crown of tooth（牙冠）neck of tooth（牙颈）root of tooth（牙根）dental cavity(pulp cavity)（牙腔）root canal（牙根管）dentine（牙质）enamel（釉质）cement（牙骨质）dental pulp（牙髓）periodontal membrane（牙周膜）alveolar bone（牙槽骨）gingiva（牙龈）tongue（舌）terminal sulcus（界沟）foramen cecum of tongue（舌盲孔）lingual mucous menbrane（舌粘膜）papillae of tongue（舌乳头）filiform papillae（丝状乳头）fungiform papillae（菌状乳头）oliate papillae（叶状乳头）valate papillae（轮廓乳头）lingual tonsil（舌扁桃体）frenulum of tongue（舌系带）sublingual caruncle（舌下阜）sublingual fold（舌下襞）muscles of tongue（舌肌）genioglossus（颏舌肌）hyoglossus（舌骨舌肌）styloglossus（茎突舌肌）superior longitudinal m.（上纵肌）inferior longitudinal m.（下纵肌）transverse m. of tongue（舌横肌）vertical m. of tongue（舌垂直肌）oral gland（口腔腺）sublingual gland（舌下腺）submandibular gland（下颌下腺）parotid gland（腮腺）parotid duct（腮腺导管）(2)Pharynx（咽）nasopharynx（鼻咽）pharyngeal opening of auditory tube（咽鼓管咽口）tubal torus（咽鼓管圆枕）pharyngeal recess（咽隐窝）tubal tonsil（咽鼓管扁桃体）pharyngeal tonsil（咽扁桃体）oropharynx（口咽）median glossoepiglottic fold（舌会厌正中襞）epiglottic vallecula（会厌谷）palatine tonsil（腭扁桃体）supratonsillar fossa（扁桃体上窝）laryngopharynx（喉咽）piriform recess（梨状隐窝）muscles of pharyngeal wall（咽壁肌）contrictors of pharynx（咽缩肌）(3)Esophagus（食管）(4)Stomach（胃）cardia（贲门）pylorus（幽门）greater curvature of stomach（胃大弯）cardiac incisure（贲门切迹）lesser curvature of stomach（胃小弯）angular incisura（角切迹）pyloric antrum（幽门窦）pyloric canal（幽门管）fundus of stomach（fornix of stomach）胃底（胃穹隆）body of stomach（胃体）pyloric valve（幽门瓣）gastric area（胃区）gastric pit（胃小凹）pyloric sphincter（幽门括约肌）(5)Small Intestine（小肠）duodenum（十二指肠）superior duodenal flexure（十二指肠上曲）duodenal bulb（十二指肠球）inferior duodenal flexure（十二指肠下曲）longitudinal fold of duodenum（十二指肠纵襞）major duodenal papilla（十二指肠大乳头）minor duodenal papilla（十二指肠小乳头）duodenojejunal flexure（十二指肠空肠曲）supensory muscle of duodenum（十二指肠悬肌）ligament of Treitz（Treitz韧带）jejunum（空肠）ilium（回肠）intestinal villi（肠绒毛）solitary lymphatic follicles（孤立淋巴滤泡）aggregated lymphatic follicles（集合淋巴滤泡）(6)Large Intestine（大肠）colic band（结肠带）haustra of colon（结肠袋）epiploicae appendices（肠脂垂）semilunar folds of colon（结肠半月瓣）caecum（盲肠）iliocecal orifice（回盲口）iliocecal valve（回盲瓣）vermiform appendix（阑尾）colon（结肠）ascending colon（升结肠）transverse colon（横结肠）descending colon（降结肠）sigmoid colon（乙状结肠）rectum（直肠）ampulla of rectum（直肠壶腹）transverse folds（直肠横襞）anal cnal（肛管）anal column（肛柱）anal valve（肛瓣）anal sinuses（肛窦）dental line（齿状线）anal pecten（肛梳）white line（白线）anus（肛门）sphincter ani（肛门括约肌）sphincter ani internus（肛门内括约肌）sphincter ani externus（肛门外括约肌）(7)Liver（肝）right lobe（右叶）left lobe（左叶）bare area（裸区）sulcus for vena cava（腔静脉沟）falciform ligament（镰状韧带）coronary ligament（冠状韧带）triangular ligament（三角韧带）porta hapatis（肝门）hepatic pedicle（肝蒂）ligamentum teres hepatis（肝圆韧带）fossa for gallbladder（胆囊窝）quadrate lobe（方叶）caudate lobe（尾状叶）ligamentum venosum（静脉韧带）gallbladder（胆囊）billiary ducts（胆道）right hepatic duct（右肝管）left hepatic duct（左肝管）common hepatic duct（肝总管）common bile duct（胆总管）hepatopancreatic (Vater’s) ampulla（肝胰壶腹）sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla（肝胰壶腹括约肌）triangle of Calot（胆囊三角）(8)Pancreas（胰）uncinate process（钩突）pancreatic duct（胰管）accessory pancreatic duct（副胰管）2.Respiratory System（呼吸系统）respiratory tract（呼吸道）respiratory organ（呼吸器官）(1)Nose（鼻）nasal cavity（鼻腔）nasal septum（鼻中隔）nares(nostrils)（鼻孔）choanae(posterior nasal aperture)（鼻后孔）nasal vestibule（鼻前庭）nasal limen（鼻阈）proper nasal cavity（固有鼻腔）supreme concha and supreme meatus（最上鼻甲、最上鼻道）olfactory region（嗅区）Little’s area（易出血区）respiratory region（呼吸区）sphenoethmoidal recess（蝶筛隐窝）semilunar hiatus（半月裂孔）ethmoidal infundibulum（筛漏斗）ethmoidal bulb（筛泡）nasal gland（鼻腺）(2)Paranasal Sinus（鼻旁窦）(3)Larynx（喉）thyroid cartilage（甲状软骨）left lamina（左板）right lamina（右板）laryngeal prominance（喉结）superior thyroid notch（上切迹）superior cornu（上角）inferior cornu（下角）cricoid cartilage（环状软骨）lamina of cricoid cartilage（环状软骨板）arch of cricoid cartilage（环状软骨弓）arytenoid cartilage（勺状软骨）vocal process（声带突）muscular process（肌突）epiglottic cartilage（会厌软骨）epiglottis（会厌）thyroepiglottic lig.（甲状会厌韧带）thyrohyoid membrane（甲状舌骨膜）median thyrohyoid lig.（甲状舌骨正中韧带）lateral thyrohyoid lig.（甲状舌骨外侧韧带）triticeal cartilage（麦粒软骨）cricothyroid joint（环甲关节）cricoarytenoid joint（环勺关节）quadrangular membrane（方形膜）vestibular lig.（前庭韧带）conus elasticus（弹性圆锥）vocal ligament（声韧带）vocalis（声带肌）vocal fold（声带）median cricothyroid lig.（环甲正中韧带）cricotracheal lig.（环气管韧带）cricothyroid（环甲肌）posterior cricoarytenoid（环勺后肌）lateral cricoarytenoid（环勺侧肌）thyroarytenoid（甲勺肌）transverse arytenoid（勺横肌）oblique arytenoid（勺斜肌）aryepiglottic muscle（勺会厌肌）laryngeal cavity（喉腔）aperture of larynx（喉口）vestibular fold（前庭襞）vocal fold（声襞）rima vestibuli（前庭裂）fissure of glottis (rima glottis)（声门裂）laryngeal vestibule（喉前庭）tubercle of epiglottis（会厌结节）intermedial cavity（喉中间腔）ventricle of larynx（喉室）infraglottis cavity（声门下腔）(4)Trachea and Bronchi（气管和支气管）birfurcation of trachea(气管杈）carina of trachea（气管隆嵴）membranous wall（气管膜壁）tracheal muscle（气管肌）right principal bronchus（右主支气管）left principal bronchus（左主支气管）(5)Lung（肺）apex of lung（肺尖）base of lung（肺底）hilum of lung（肺门）root of lung（肺根）cardiac notch of left lung（左肺心切迹）lingula of left lung（左肺小舌）oblique fissure（斜裂）horizontal fissure of right lung（右肺水平裂）pulmonary segment（肺段）lobar bronchi（肺叶支气管）segmental bronchi（肺段支气管）(6)Pleura（胸膜）parietal pleura（壁胸膜）cupula of pleura（胸膜顶）costal pleura（肋胸膜）diaphramatic pleura（膈胸膜）mediastinal pleura（纵隔胸膜）vesceral pleura（脏胸膜）pulmonary ligament（肺韧带）pleural cavity（胸膜腔）costodiaphragmatic recess（肋膈隐窝）costsmediastinal recess（肋纵隔隐窝）phrennicomediastinal recess（膈纵隔隐窝）(7)Mediastinum（纵隔）superior mediastinum（上纵隔）inferior mediastinum（下纵隔）anterior mediastinum（前纵隔）middle mediastinum（中纵隔）posterior mediastinum（后纵隔）3.Urinary System（泌尿系统）kidney（肾）renal hilum（肾门）renal pedicle（肾蒂）renal cortex（肾皮质）renal corpuscle（肾小体）tubulus（肾小管）renal medulla（肾髓质）renal column（肾柱）renal pyramid（肾锥体）renal papillae（肾乳头）renal sinus（肾窦）minor renal calices（肾小盏）major renal calices（肾大盏）renal pelvis（肾盂）fibrous capsule（纤维囊）adipose capsule（脂肪囊）renal fascia（肾筋膜）renal segment（肾段）ureter（输尿管）urinary bladder（膀胱）fundus of bladder（膀胱底）body of bladder（膀胱体）apex of bladder（膀胱尖）neck of bladder（膀胱颈）trigone of bladder（膀胱三角）vesical plica（膀胱襞）ureteric orifice（输尿管口）internal urethral orifice（尿道内口）vesical uvula（膀胱垂）interureteric fold（输尿管间襞）urethra（尿道）external urethral orifice（尿道外口）paraurethra glands（尿道旁腺）4.Male Genital System（男性生殖系统）testis（睾丸）tunica albuginea（白膜）mediastinum of testis（睾丸纵隔）septula of testis 睾丸小隔）lobule of testis（睾丸小叶）convoluted seminiferous tubule（精曲小管）stright seminiferous tubule（精直小管）rete testis（睾丸网）efferent ductule of testis（睾丸输出小管）。
解剖学英文名词
解剖学英文单词anatomy 解剖学locomotor system 运动系统osteology 骨学bone 骨cartilage 软骨bone marrow 骨髓vertebra 椎骨cervical vertebrae 颈椎thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae腰椎sacrum 骶骨coccyx 尾骨rib 肋costal bone 肋骨sternum 胸骨ster na l a ngle 胸骨角cranium, skull 颅orbit 眶paranasal sinus 鼻旁窦frontal sinus 额窦maxillary sinus 上颌窦sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦ethmoidal sinus 筛窦pterion 翼点cranial fontanelles 颅囟clavicle 锁骨humerus 肱骨scapula 肩胛骨radius 桡骨ulna 尺骨carpal bones 腕骨metacarpal bones掌骨phalanges 指骨/趾骨hip bone 髋骨ilium 髂骨ischium 坐骨pubis 耻骨acetabulum 髋臼femur 股骨patella 髌骨tibia 胫骨fibula 腓骨tarsal bones 跗骨metatarsal bones 跖骨arthrology 关节学fibrous joint 纤维连结cartilaginous joint 软骨连结synosteosis 骨性结合joint, articulation 关节vertebral column 脊柱intervertebral disc 椎间盘thoracic cage 胸廓temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节shoulder joint 肩关节elbow joint 肘关节radiocarpal joint/wrist joint桡腕关节pubic symphysis 耻骨联合pelvis 骨盆terminal line 界线sarotuberous ligament骶结节韧带sarospinous ligament骶棘韧带greater sciatic foramen坐骨大孔hip joint 髋关节knee joint 膝关节ankle joint 踝关节transverse tarsal joint跗横关节meniscus 半月板mycology 肌学muscle 肌肉tendon 肌腱aponeurosis 腱膜fascia 筋膜trapezius m. 斜方肌latissimus dorsi m. 背阔肌erector spinae m. 竖脊肌sternocleidomastoid m.胸锁乳突肌pectoralis major m. 胸大肌serratus anterior m. 前锯肌intercostal m. 肋间肌diaphragm 膈obliquus externus abdominis m.腹外斜肌inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带sheath of rectus abdominis腹直肌鞘linea alba 腹白线inguinal canal 腹股沟管inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角deltoid m. 三角肌biceps brachii m. 肱二头肌triceps brachii m. 肱三头肌gluteus maximus m. 臀大肌sartorius m. 缝匠肌quadriceps femoris m.股四头肌adductor magnus m. 大收肌triceps surae m. 小腿三头肌splanchnology 内脏学alimentary system 消化系统digestive tube/digestive tract消化管oral cavity 口腔palate 腭tongue 舌cheek 颊tooth 牙tonsil 扁桃体salivary glands 唾液腺sublingual gland 舌下腺parotid gland 腮腺submandibular gland 下颌下腺pharynx 咽esophagus 食管stomach, gaster 胃cardia 贲门pylorus 幽门small intestine 小肠duodenum 十二指肠jejunum 空肠ileum 回肠caecum 盲肠vermiform appendix 阑尾colon 结肠sigmoid colon 乙状结肠rectum 直肠anal canal 肛管anus 肛门liver, hepar 肝porta hepatis 肝门gall bladder 胆囊pancreas 胰respiratory system 呼吸系统nose 鼻nasal cavity 鼻腔larynx 喉trachea 气管bronchus 支气管lung 肺pleura 胸膜pleural cavity 胸膜腔pleural recesses 胸膜隐窝costodiaphragmatic recess肋膈隐窝mediastinum 纵隔urinary system 泌尿系统kidney 肾renal hilum 肾门renal pedicle 肾蒂ureter 输尿管urinary bladder 膀胱urethra 尿道reproductive system生殖系统testis 睾丸epididymis 附睾ductus deferens 输精管ejaculatory duct 射精管spermatic cord 精索prostate/prostate gland前列腺seminal vesicle 精囊bulbourethral gland 尿道球腺scrotum 阴囊penis 阴茎ovary 卵巢uterine tube 输卵管uterus 子宫vagina 阴道mamma, breast 乳房perineum 会阴pelvic diaphragm 盆膈urogenital diaphragm尿生殖膈peritoneum 腹膜greater omentum 大网膜omental burse 网膜囊mesentery 肠系膜subphrenic space 膈下间隙rectovesical ponch直肠膀胱陷凹rectouterine pouch直肠子宫陷凹angiology 脉管学cardiovascular system心血管系统lymphatic syatem 淋巴系统heart 心cardiac atrium 心房cardiac ventricle 心室tricuspid valve 三尖瓣mitral valve 二尖瓣conus arteriosus 动脉圆锥pulmonary orifice 肺动脉口aortic sinus 主动脉窦interatrial septum 房间隔interventricular septum 室间隔sinuatrial node 窦房结atrioventricular node 房室结atrioventricular bundle房室束coronary artery 冠状动脉pericardium 心包pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干arterial ligament 动脉韧带common carotid a.颈总动脉carotid glomus 颈动脉小球internal carotid a. 颈内动脉facial a. 面动脉superficial temporal a.颞浅动脉subclavian a. 锁骨下动脉axillary a. 腋动脉brachial a. 肱动脉ulnar a. 尺动脉radial a. 桡动脉superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓thoracic aorta 胸主动脉abdominal aorta 腹主动脉coeliac trunk 腹腔干left gastric a. 胃左动脉common hepatic a. 肝总动脉splenic a. 脾动脉right gastroepiploic a.胃网膜右动脉superior mesenteric a.肠系膜上动脉common iliac a. 髂总动脉external iliac a. 髂外动脉femoral a. 股动脉popliteal a. 腘动脉posterior tibial a. 胫后动脉peroneal a. 腓动脉dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉uterine a. 子宫动脉superior vena cava 上腔静脉brachiocephalic vein头臂静脉internal jugular v. 颈内静脉cephalic v. 头静脉basilic v. 贵要静脉median cubital v. 肘正中静脉azygos v. 奇静脉great saphenous v. 大隐静脉portal v. 门静脉paraumbilical v. 附脐静脉thoracic duct 胸导管superficial inguinal lymph nodes腹股沟浅淋巴结spleen 脾thymus 胸腺sensory organs 感觉器visual organs 视器eye 眼cornea 角膜sclera 巩膜iris 虹膜pupil 瞳孔ciliary body 睫状体chor oid 脉络膜retina 视网膜optic disc 视神经盘macula lutea 黄斑aqueous humor 房水lens 晶状体vitreous body 玻璃体conju n ctiva结膜lacrimal apparatus 泪器ophthalmic a. 眼动脉ear 耳tympanic membrane 鼓膜tympanic cavity 鼓室auditory tube 咽鼓管vestibule 前庭cochlea 耳蜗semicircular canal 半规管peripheral nervous system周围神经系统spinal nerve 脊神经spinal ganglia 脊神经节cervical plexus 颈丛phrenic n. 膈神经brachial plexus 臂丛median n. 正中神经musculocutaneous n. 肌皮神经intercostal n. 肋间神经lumbar plexus 腰丛obturator n. 闭孔神经sacral plexus 骶丛sciatic n. 坐骨神经tibial n. 胫神经common peroneal n. 腓总神经cranial n. 脑神经olfactory n. 嗅神经optic n. 视神经oculomotor n. 动眼神经trochlear n. 滑车神经trigeminal n. 三叉神经ophthalmic n. 眼神经maxillary n. 上颌神经mandibular n. 下颌神经abducent n. 展神经facial n. 面神经vestibulocochlear n.前庭蜗神经glossopharyngeal n. 舌咽神经vagus n. 迷走神经accessory n. 副神经hypoglossal n. 舌下神经chorda tympani 鼓索autonomic nervous system自主神经系统sympathetic nerve交感神经parasympathetic nerve副交感神经central nervous system中枢神经系统spinal cord脊髓gray matter灰质cortex 皮质nucleus 神经核white matter 白质medulla 髓质fasciculus 纤维束ganglion 神经节reticular formation 网状结构spinal cord脊髓anterior horn前角posterior funiculus 后索anterior white commissure白质前连合fasciculus gracilis 薄束fasciculus cuneatus 楔束spinothalamic tract脊髓丘脑束corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束corticonuclear tract 皮质核束brain, encephalon 脑brain stem脑干medulla oblongata延髓pyramid锥体pyramidal decussation锥体交叉pons脑桥midbrain, mesencephalon中脑red nucleus 红核substantia nigra 黑质cerebellum小脑diencephalon间脑thalamus丘脑hypothalamus 下丘脑optic chiasma 视交叉medial geniculate body内侧膝状体telencephalon端脑lateral ventricle侧脑室choroid plexus脉络丛internal capsule 内囊corpus callosum 胼胝体corpus striatum 纹状体cerebral cortex 大脑皮质hippocampal formation海马结构limbic system 边缘系统extrapyramidal system锥体外系cerebral dura mater 硬脑膜cavernous sinus海绵窦epidural space 硬膜外隙subarachnoid space蛛网膜下隙spinal pia mater 软脊膜cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液endocrine glands 内分泌腺thyroid gland 甲状腺parathyroid gland甲状旁腺suprarenal gland肾上腺hypophysis垂体pineal corpus松果体。
局部解剖学名词解释(全英文)
1. Danger triangle of face:a triangle area bounded by the bilateral side ofthe nose and the upper lip, the facia vein pass through, it has no vavles, makes clinically important connection with the cavernous sinus through the superior ophthalmic vein and through the pterygoid venous plexus via the deep facia vein, infection of the facia vein can spread to the dural venous sinuses(硬脑膜窦)2. Infratemporal fossa: a fossa in the deep part of lateral face bounded bythe infratemporal surface of sphenoid bone superiorly, posterior surface of maxilla anteriorly, external plate of sphenoid bone medially and the ramus of mandible laterally, its main contents are lateral and medial pterygoid muscle, maxillay vessels and pterygoid venous plexus and the branches of mandibular nerve3. Pterygoid venous plexus: located in the infratemporal fossa around thmaxillary artery and between the lateral and medial pterygoid, its tributaries correspond to the branches of the maxillary artery and communicate with both intracranial and extracranial veins4. SCALP: covers the vertex of the skull and extends between the right andleft temporal line,and from the eyebrow to the superior nuchal line(上项线), it contains of five layers, the skin, the superficia fascia, the epicranial aponeurosis, the subaponeurosis loose connective tissue, the pericranium 5. Cavernous sinus: placed on each side of the sella turcica(蝶鞍), andextends from the superior orbital fissure(眶上裂) in front, to the apex of the petrous part(岩部) of temporal bone behind, the internal carotid artery and abducent nerve pass through while th oculomotor and trochlear nerves and the ophthalmic and the maxillary nerve of the trigeminal nerve are embeded in the lateral wall of the sinus6. Investing fascia: the superficia fascia of the cervical fascia, it is tubeshaped and ensheath the neck as a whole, it divide into two layers to enclose the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, the submandibular gland and parotid gland as well as th infrahyoid muscles, it forms two spaces the suprasternal space and submandibular space7. Pretracheal space: a potential space in front of the trachea and bebindthe infrahyoid muscles and pretracheal fascia, the pretracheal lymph nodes, inferior thyroid vein, unpaired thyroid venous plexus, arteriathyroidea ima, brachiocephalic trunk and left brachiocephalic vein in this space8. Pervertebral space:space between the prevertebral fascia and thecervical vertabral column9. Ansa cervicalis: the upper root is formed by the hypoglossal nerve andthe lower root is formed by the anterior branches of the 2nd and 3rd cervical nerves, they units together on the common carotid at the level of the lower border of the larynx, it innervate the sternohyoid and sternothyroid10. Carotid sheath:encloses the common and internal carotid arteries, theinternal jugular vein and the vagus nerve, it extends from the base of the skull to the root of the neck, and connects with the enveloping fascia and the prevertebral fascia by loose connective tissue11. Carotid triangle:bounded by the inferior belly of omohyoid, the upper partof the sternocleidomastoid and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, it contains internal jugular vein, the common carotid artery, hypoglossal nerve and vagus nerve12. Muscular triangle: bounded by the superior belly of omohyoid, the lowerpart of the sternocleidomastoid and the middle line of the anterior neck, it contains the infrahyoid muscles and the pretracheal fascia, the thyroid gland, the cervical parts of esophagus and trachea13. Scalene fissure: bounded by the scalene anterior, scalene medius andthe 1st rib, the brachial plexus and subclavian vessel pass through14. Triangle of vertebral artery: bounded by the longus colli muscles(颈长肌),scalenus anterior and the first part of the subclavian artery, it contains the vertebral artery and vein, the inferior thyroid artery, the cervical sympathetic trunk and the cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion15. Sternal angle: the transverse ridge on the anterior surface of sternum atthe junction of the manubrium with the body of the sternum, it forms a palpable landmark for the second costal cartilage and rib16. Arterial duct triangle: encircled by the left pulmonary artery inferiorly, leftphrenic nerve anteriorly and left vagus nerve posteriorly, it contains left recurrent pharyngeal nerve, the arterial ligament and the superficia cardiac plexus17. Costodiaphragmatic recesses: the largest pleural recess formed by thereflection of the costal and the diaphragmatic pleurae, it is the lowest part of the pleural cavity18. Pulmonary ligament: the double layer mediastinum passes laterally fromthe esophagus to the lung, where it is continous with the visceral pleura 19. Clavipectoral fascia: a strong fibrous sheet posterior to the pectoralismajor, it occupies the interval between the pectoralis minor and the clavicle, and is pierced by the cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery and lateral pectoral nerve20. Triangular space: the upper edge is subscapularis and teres minor, thelower edge is teres major, the lateral boder is the long head of triceps brachii, it is pierced by the circumflex scapular vessels21. Quadrangular space:the upper edge is subscapularis and teres minor,the lower edge is teres major, the midial boder is the long head of triceps brachii, the lateral boder is the surgical necks of the humerus, it is transmitted by the axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex vessel 22. Axillary sheath: it is continuous above with the prevertebral layer of thedeep cervical fascia and encloses the axillary vessels and the brachial plexus23. Carpal canal:it is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the groove of thecarpal bones, it transmits the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficia and the flexor digitorum profundus , flexor pollicis longus and the median nerve 24. Ulnar carpal canal: the ulnar end of the flexor retinaculum attached to thepisiform and the hook of the hamate and with the distal part of the palmar carpal ligament to form the ulnar carpal canal to transmit the ulnar nerve and vessel25. Radial carpal canal: the raidal end of the flexor retinaculum attached tothe tobercles of the scaphoid and trapezium to transmit the tendon and tendious sheath of the flexor carpi radialis26. Myotendinous cuff:the tendon of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus,subscapularis and teres minor muscles form the myotendious cuff, it is fused with the underlying capsule of the shoulder joint and strength it27. Humeromuscular tunnel:it is formed by three heads of triceps brachiiand the sulcus for radial nerve of humerus, it extends from the medial to the lateral side of the back of the middle part of the humerus, and transmitsthe radial nerve and the deep brachial vessels28. Anatomical suff box:a triangular depression located in the posteriorcarpal region, its medial border is the extensor pollicis longus, the lateral border is the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis, the proximal border is styloid process of radialis and the floor is scaphoid(手舟骨), and the radial artery pass through it.29. Fascia lata:the deep facia enveloping the thigh and the buttock, it is thinmedially and quite thick and strong laterally30. Lacuna musculorum: bounded by the inguinal ligament anteriorly, theilium posterolaterally and the iliopectineal arch medially, it transmit the iliopsoas, the femoral nerve and the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve31. Lacuna vasorum:bounded by the inguinal ligament anteriorly, thepectineal ligament posteriorly, the iliopectineal arch laterally, and the lacunar ligament medially, it transmit the femoral vessels, the femoral canal and the lymphatic vessel32. Femoral sheath: funnel shaped fascia tube which encloses the femoralvessel and the femoral canal, it is formed by the prolongation of the fasciae lining the abdomen33. Femoral canal: it is the medial compartment of the femoral sheath, about1.5cm long and contains lymphatic vessels, a lymph node, loose areolartissue and fat34. Femoral ring:the superior opening of the famoral canal, it is closed byextraperitoneal tissue35. Femoral triangle:bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament, medially bythe medial border of the adductor longus, laterally by the medial border of sartorius, it communicates with the adductor canal and transmit femoral artery and its branches, femoral vein and its tributaries36. Adductor canal:a deep furrow on the medial side of the middle of thethigh, starts at the apex of the femoral triangle and ends in the adductor tendinous opening of the adductor magnus, bounded anteriorly by the sartorius and the adductor lamina(收肌腱板), laterally by the vastus medialis and posteriorly by the adductor longus and the adductor magnus, it contains famoral artery, femoral vein the nerve to the vastus medialis and the saphenous nerve37. Popliteal fossa:a diamond shaped intermuscular space situated at theback of the knee, bounded by biceps femoris and semitendinosus and semimembranosus and the two head of the gastrocnemius, it contains the popliteal vessels, the small saphenous vein, the common peroneal and tibial nerves38. Malleolar canal:behind the medial malleolus formed by flexor retinaculumand calcaneus, the structures transmit it from anterior to posterior are tendon of tibialis posterior, the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial vessels and tibila nerve and the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus39. Camper’s fascia: the superficial layer of the superficial fascia onabdominal wall, it is thick and contains various amount of fat40. Scarpa’s fascia: the deep layer of the superficial fascia on abdominal wall,it lies immediately superficial to the aponeurosis of the oblique externus abdominis, it is more membranous, it continue with the superficial fascia of penis, scrotum dartos and the superficial perineal fasica41. Linea alba: a linear depression in the median plane extending fromxiphoid process to the pubic symphysis42. Arcuate line:4cm below the umbilicus all three aponeurosis are turnedanterior to form the anterior layer of the sheath of rectus abdominis, the posterior surface of the rectus abdominis sheath disapear43. Rectus abdominis sheath:enclosed by aponeurosis of the oblique andtransverse muscles, the aponeurosis of the obique external abdominis and the anterior layer of the aponeurosis of the oblique internus abdominis form the anterior layer of the sheath, the aponeurosis of the aponeurosis of the transverse abdominis and the posterior layer of the aponeurosis of oblique internus obdominis form the posterior layer of the sheath44. Inguinal ligament:from anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle,formed by the lower edge of the aponeurosis of the external oblique abdominis45. Reflect ligament:near the pubic tubercle, some fibers of the inguinalligament run upwards and medially behind the spermatic cord and the medial crus to the anterior layer of the rectus sheath46. Superficial inguinal ring:is a triangular opening in shape of theaponeurosis of the oblique externus abdominis, the medial crus of the ring attaches to the pubic tuber towards the medial end of the pubic crest, the lateral crus of the ring attaches to the pubic crest47. Inguinal falx:some lower fibers of the internal oblique abdominis andtransverse abdominis fuse together just immediately above the spermatic cord48. Hesselbach triangle:an area bounded laterally by the inferior epigastricartery, medially by the lateral border of the rectus abdominis and inferior by the medial half of the inguinal ligament, the posterior wall it is the site for direct inguinal hernia49. Hepatoduodenal ligament: the portion of the lesser omentum extendingbetween the liver and the superior part of duodenum50. Gastrocolic ligament:the greater omentum between the greatercurvature of the stomach and the transverse colon51. omental foramen: lies behind the free edge of the hepatoduodenalligament, it leads out from the upper part of the right border of the omental bursa into the greater sac52. Hepatorenal recess:located in right infrahepatic space, it communicateswith right colic sulcus and omenta bursa via the omenta foramen , it is the lowest part of the abdominal cavity when the person is in supine position 53. Stomach bed:the structure behind the posterior surface of the stomachincluding spleen, left kidney, left suprarenal gland, pancreas and transverse colon and mesocolon54. Ligament of Treitz: the suspensory muscle of duodenum enclosed by theperitoneum, it is the marker to identify the beginning of jejunum55. Porta hepatis: the cross bar of the H-shaped deep groove on the viseralsurface of the liver where the braches of the hepatic portal vein, the right and left braches of the proper hepatic artery, the right and left hepatic ducts, the hepatic nerve plexus and lymphatic vessels enter or leave the liver 56. Second Porta hepatis: the superior margin of the sulcus for vena cava onthe diaphragmatic surface of the live where the right, left and intermediate hepatic veins leave the liver and enter the inferior vena cava57. Third porta hepatis: in the inferior part of the sulcus for vena cava wherethe inferior vena cava receives several small veins from the viseral surfaceof the right half and tha caudate lobe of the liver58. Glisson system: the intrahepatic bile ducts, the branches of the hepaticarteries and the hepatic portal vein are distributed in the same course and bounded by connective tissue, which constitute a common tubular system 59. Calot triangle:formed by the cystic duct, common hepatic duct and theinferior surface of the liver, the cystic artery pass through this area, it is a marker to identify and ligate the cystic artery60. Vater ampulla: the intraduodenal part of the common bile duct passingobliquely through the duodenal wall and units the pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla61. Oddis shpincter: the thickened circular muscle around the lower part ofthe common bile duct, including the ampulla and the terminal part of the pancreatic duce62. margin artery:from the ileocecum to the sigmoid colon, the colicbranches from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries anastomose to form a complete arterial arch63. Splenic pedicle:the structures which enter or leave the spleen includingthe splenic vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enclosed by connective tissue 64. Renal angle:on posterior abdominal wall, the angle fromed by intersectionof 12th rib and lateral border of erector spinal muscle65. Renal pedicle:the structure enter or leave the renal hilum including therenal vessels, lymphatics, renal pelvis and nerves enclosed by connective tissue66. Lesser Pelvis: posteroinferior to the great pelvis, a C-shaped cavity with along curved posterosuperior wall formed by the sacrum and coccyx, and a short anteroinferior wall is formed by the rami of the pubes and the pubic symphysis, the lateral wall is formed by the ilium, body of the pubis, ischium, the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments67. Greater Sciatic Foramen:formed by the greater sciatic notch and thesacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, the pirifomis pass through it and divided it into the suprapiriform foramen and infrapiriform foramen, lot of vessels and nerves are tranmitted in this two foramen68. Pelvic Diaphragm:levator ani, coccygeus and fascia covering themuscles superiorly and inferiorly; It is the floor of pelvic cavity, and theregion below it is perineum69. Retropubic Space: lies between the symphysis pubis and the bladder, itfilled with fat and loose tissue, in which pubovesical ligament is present, and it also contains arteries, veins and nerves of the bladder and of the internal genital organs70. Trigone of Bladder:formed by internal urethral orifice and two lateralopenings of ureters at internal surface of the fundus of bladder, it is a smooth area without mucous membrane foldes71. Dentate Line:a circular line formed by the lower ends of anal columnstogether with the bases of the anal vavles between simple columnar epithelium and stratified epithelium of anal canal,the part superior to it differs from the part inferior to it in its arterial supply, innervation of nerves, and venous and lymphatic drainage72. Broad Ligament: a two layer peritoneal ligament situated in coronal planeand stretches from the lateral margin of the uterus to the side wall of pelvis, it can be divided into mesometrium, mesosalpinx and mesovarium, itcontains connective tissue, uterine tube, ovary and ovarian ligament, part of round ligament, uterine vessels and lymphatics, and trerovaginal plexus of nerves73. Urogenital diaphragm:formed basically by the sphincter of urethra, thedeep transverse muscle of perineum, and the superior and inferior fasciae of urogenital diaphragm74. ischioanal fossa:is a wedge-shaped space lies lateral to the anus andrectum and is filled with fat, its apex lies superiorly, and the base is the perineal skin, the medial wall is formed by the levator ani, sphincter ani externus and the inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm, the lateral wall is formed by the iscial tuberosity, the sacrotuberous ligament and the fascia of obturator internus, posteriorly the fossa is bounded by the gulteus maximus and the sacrotuberous ligament。
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abdominalaorta腹主动脉Accessorynerve副神经Adductor longus 长收肌Adductor magnus 大收肌Adductorpollicis拇收肌adductor收肌管anorectalring肛直肠环Ansacervicalis颈襻Anteriortibial胫前动脉Aorticarch主动脉弓appendicularartery阑尾动脉Axillary fossa腋窝Axillary sheath腋鞘axillaryartery腋动脉axillaryLymph nodes腋淋巴结axillarynerve腋神经Azygo奇静脉s Basilicavein贵要静脉Biceps brachii 肱二头肌Brachial plexus 臂丛Brachialis 肱肌Brachiocephalicvein头壁静脉Brachioradialis 肱桡肌broadligamentofuterus子宫阔韧带cardinalligamentofuterus子宫主韧带Carotid triangle 颈动脉三角Carpal腕管cecum盲肠celiactrunk腹腔干Cephalicvein头静脉Cervical part of sympathetic trunk 颈交感干Cervical plexus 颈丛Circumflex scapularartery旋肩胛动脉Clavipectoral fascia锁胸筋膜Common interosseousartery 骨间总动脉Common peronealnerve腓总神经commonbileduct胆总管commoncarotidartery颈总动脉commoniliacartery髂总动脉Coracobrachialis 喙肱肌Costodiaphragmaticrecess肋隔隐窝Cubital fossa 肘窝Cupula of pleura 胸膜顶cysticartery胆囊动脉Deeppalmar掌深弓Deltoid三角肌dentalline齿状线Digastric 二腹肌dorsalscapularartery肩胛背动脉Endothoracicfascia胸内筋膜Epicranial aponeurosis帽状腱膜epiduralspace硬膜外隙erectorspinae竖脊肌externalcarotidartery颈外动脉externaliliacartery髂外动脉Facialartery面动脉Facialnerve面神经Femoral triangle股三角Femoralartery股动脉Femoralcanal股管Femoralring股环Femoralsheath股鞘Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌Flexor pollicis longus 坶长屈肌gallbladder胆囊Gastronemius 腓肠肌Gluteus maximus 臀大肌Gracilis 股薄肌greateroccipitalnerve枕大神经greatsaphenous大隐静脉hepaticpedicle肝蒂hepaticportalvein肝门静脉Hilumoflung肺门Humeromuscular tunnel 肱骨肌管Hypoglossalnerve舌下神经ilealartery回肠动脉ileocolicartery回结肠动脉iliohypogastricnerve髂腹下神经ilioinguinalnerve髂腹股沟神经Inferiorglutealnerve臀下神经inferiorvenacava下腔静脉Infraorbitalnerve眶下神经Infraspinatus冈下肌inguinalcanal腹股沟管inguinaltriangle腹股沟三角Intercostalesexterni肋间外肌Intercostalnerves肋间神经Intercostalsinterni肋间内肌Intercostalsspace肋间隙Internal jugular v. 颈内静脉Internal pudentalartery阴部内动脉Internal thoracicartery胸阔内动脉internaliliacartery髂内动脉ischiorectalfossa坐骨直肠窝jejunalartery空场动脉Lateral pectoralnerve胸外侧神经Latissimusdorsi背阔肌leftgastricartery胃左动脉leftgastroepipoic胃网膜左动脉lesseromentum小网膜levatorani冈提肌ligamentaflava黄韧带lumbarplexus腰丛Malleolar canal 踝管Masseter 咬肌Median cubitalvein肘正中静脉Median.nerve正中神经Mediastinum纵隔mesentery肠系膜Midpalmarspace掌中间隙Musculartriangle肌三角Musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神经obliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌obliquusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌obturatorartery闭孔动脉obturatornerve闭孔神经Occipital triangle 枕三角occipitalartery枕动脉abdominalaorta腹主动脉Accessorynerve副神经Adductor longus 长收肌Adductor magnus 大收肌Adductorpollicis拇收肌adductor收肌管anorectalring肛直肠环Ansacervicalis颈襻Anteriortibial胫前动脉Aorticarch主动脉弓appendicularartery阑尾动脉Axillary fossa腋窝Axillary sheath腋鞘axillaryartery腋动脉axillaryLymph nodes腋淋巴结axillarynerve腋神经Azygo奇静脉sBasilicavein贵要静脉Biceps brachii 肱二头肌Brachial plexus 臂丛Brachialis 肱肌Brachiocephalicvein头壁静脉Brachioradialis 肱桡肌broadligamentofuterus子宫阔韧带cardinalligamentofuterus子宫主韧带Carotid triangle 颈动脉三角Carpal腕管cecum盲肠celiactrunk腹腔干Cephalicvein头静脉Cervical part of sympathetic trunk 颈交感干Cervical plexus 颈丛Circumflex scapularartery旋肩胛动脉Clavipectoral fascia锁胸筋膜Common interosseousartery 骨间总动脉Common peronealnerve腓总神经commonbileduct胆总管commoncarotidartery颈总动脉commoniliacartery髂总动脉Coracobrachialis 喙肱肌Costodiaphragmaticrecess肋隔隐窝Cubital fossa 肘窝Cupula of pleura 胸膜顶cysticartery胆囊动脉Deeppalmar掌深弓Deltoid三角肌dentalline齿状线Digastric 二腹肌dorsalscapularartery肩胛背动脉Endothoracicfascia胸内筋膜Epicranial aponeurosis帽状腱膜epiduralspace硬膜外隙erectorspinae竖脊肌externalcarotidartery颈外动脉externaliliacartery髂外动脉Facialartery面动脉Facialnerve面神经Femoral triangle股三角Femoralartery股动脉Femoralcanal股管Femoralring股环Femoralsheath股鞘Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌Flexor pollicis longus 坶长屈肌gallbladder胆囊Gastronemius 腓肠肌Gluteus maximus 臀大肌Gracilis 股薄肌greateroccipitalnerve枕大神经greatsaphenous大隐静脉hepaticpedicle肝蒂hepaticportalvein肝门静脉Hilumoflung肺门Humeromuscular tunnel 肱骨肌管Hypoglossalnerve舌下神经ilealartery回肠动脉ileocolicartery回结肠动脉iliohypogastricnerve髂腹下神经ilioinguinalnerve髂腹股沟神经Inferiorglutealnerve臀下神经inferiorvenacava下腔静脉Infraorbitalnerve眶下神经Infraspinatus冈下肌inguinalcanal腹股沟管inguinaltriangle腹股沟三角Intercostalesexterni肋间外肌Intercostalnerves肋间神经Intercostalsinterni肋间内肌Intercostalsspace肋间隙Internal jugular v. 颈内静脉Internal pudentalartery阴部内动脉Internal thoracicartery胸阔内动脉internaliliacartery髂内动脉ischiorectalfossa坐骨直肠窝jejunalartery空场动脉Lateral pectoralnerve胸外侧神经Latissimusdorsi背阔肌leftgastricartery胃左动脉leftgastroepipoic胃网膜左动脉lesseromentum小网膜levatorani冈提肌ligamentaflava黄韧带lumbarplexus腰丛Malleolar canal 踝管Masseter 咬肌Median cubitalvein肘正中静脉Median.nerve正中神经Mediastinum纵隔mesentery肠系膜Midpalmarspace掌中间隙Musculartriangle肌三角Musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神经obliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌obliquusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌obturatorartery闭孔动脉obturatornerve闭孔神经Occipital triangle 枕三角occipitalartery枕动脉abdominalaorta腹主动脉Accessorynerve副神经Adductor longus 长收肌Adductor magnus 大收肌Adductorpollicis拇收肌adductor收肌管anorectalring肛直肠环Ansacervicalis颈襻Anteriortibial胫前动脉Aorticarch主动脉弓appendicularartery阑尾动脉Axillary fossa腋窝Axillary sheath腋鞘axillaryartery腋动脉axillaryLymph nodes腋淋巴结axillarynerve腋神经Azygo奇静脉sBasilicavein贵要静脉Biceps brachii 肱二头肌Brachial plexus 臂丛Brachialis 肱肌Brachiocephalicvein头壁静脉Brachioradialis 肱桡肌broadligamentofuterus子宫阔韧带cardinalligamentofuterus子宫主韧带Carotid triangle 颈动脉三角Carpal腕管cecum盲肠celiactrunk腹腔干Cephalicvein头静脉Cervical part of sympathetictrunk 颈交感干Cervical plexus 颈丛Circumflex scapularartery旋肩胛动脉Clavipectoral fascia锁胸筋膜Common interosseousartery骨间总动脉Common peronealnerve腓总神经commonbileduct胆总管commoncarotidartery颈总动脉commoniliacartery髂总动脉Coracobrachialis 喙肱肌Costodiaphragmaticrecess肋隔隐窝Cubital fossa 肘窝Cupula of pleura 胸膜顶cysticartery胆囊动脉Deeppalmar掌深弓Deltoid三角肌dentalline齿状线Digastric 二腹肌dorsalscapularartery肩胛背动脉Endothoracicfascia胸内筋膜Epicranial aponeurosis帽状腱膜epiduralspace硬膜外隙erectorspinae竖脊肌externalcarotidartery颈外动脉externaliliacartery髂外动脉Facialartery面动脉Facialnerve面神经Femoral triangle股三角Femoralartery股动脉Femoralcanal股管Femoralring股环Femoralsheath股鞘Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌Flexor pollicis longus 坶长屈肌gallbladder胆囊Gastronemius 腓肠肌Gluteus maximus 臀大肌Gracilis 股薄肌greateroccipitalnerve枕大神经greatsaphenous大隐静脉hepaticpedicle肝蒂hepaticportalvein肝门静脉Hilumoflung肺门Humeromuscular tunnel 肱骨肌管Hypoglossalnerve舌下神经ilealartery回肠动脉ileocolicartery回结肠动脉iliohypogastricnerve髂腹下神经ilioinguinalnerve髂腹股沟神经Inferiorglutealnerve臀下神经inferiorvenacava下腔静脉Infraorbitalnerve眶下神经Infraspinatus冈下肌inguinalcanal腹股沟管inguinaltriangle腹股沟三角Intercostalesexterni肋间外肌Intercostalnerves肋间神经Intercostalsinterni肋间内肌Intercostalsspace肋间隙Internal jugular v. 颈内静脉Internal pudentalartery阴部内动脉Internal thoracicartery胸阔内动脉internaliliacartery髂内动脉ischiorectalfossa坐骨直肠窝jejunalartery空场动脉Lateral pectoralnerve胸外侧神经Latissimusdorsi背阔肌leftgastricartery胃左动脉leftgastroepipoic胃网膜左动脉lesseromentum小网膜levatorani冈提肌ligamentaflava黄韧带lumbarplexus腰丛Malleolar canal 踝管Masseter 咬肌Median cubitalvein肘正中静脉Median.nerve正中神经Mediastinum纵隔mesentery肠系膜Midpalmarspace掌中间隙Musculartriangle肌三角Musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神经obliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌obliquusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌obturatorartery闭孔动脉obturatornerve闭孔神经Occipital triangle 枕三角occipitalartery枕动脉abdominalaorta腹主动脉Accessorynerve副神经Adductor longus 长收肌Adductor magnus 大收肌Adductorpollicis拇收肌adductor收肌管anorectalring肛直肠环Ansacervicalis颈襻Anteriortibial胫前动脉Aorticarch主动脉弓appendicularartery阑尾动脉Axillary fossa腋窝Axillary sheath腋鞘axillaryartery腋动脉axillaryLymph nodes腋淋巴结axillarynerve腋神经Azygo奇静脉sBasilicavein贵要静脉Biceps brachii 肱二头肌Brachial plexus 臂丛Brachialis 肱肌Brachiocephalicvein头壁静脉Brachioradialis 肱桡肌broadligamentofuterus子宫阔韧带cardinalligamentofuterus子宫主韧带Carotid triangle 颈动脉三角Carpal腕管cecum盲肠celiactrunk腹腔干Cephalicvein头静脉Cervical part of sympathetictrunk 颈交感干Cervical plexus 颈丛Circumflex scapularartery旋肩胛动脉Clavipectoral fascia锁胸筋膜Common interosseousartery骨间总动脉Common peronealnerve腓总神经commonbileduct胆总管commoncarotidartery颈总动脉commoniliacartery髂总动脉Coracobrachialis 喙肱肌Costodiaphragmaticrecess肋隔隐窝Cubital fossa 肘窝Cupula of pleura 胸膜顶cysticartery胆囊动脉Deeppalmar掌深弓Deltoid三角肌dentalline齿状线Digastric 二腹肌dorsalscapularartery肩胛背动脉Endothoracicfascia胸内筋膜Epicranial aponeurosis帽状腱膜epiduralspace硬膜外隙erectorspinae竖脊肌externalcarotidartery颈外动脉externaliliacartery髂外动脉Facialartery面动脉Facialnerve面神经Femoral triangle股三角Femoralartery股动脉Femoralcanal股管Femoralring股环Femoralsheath股鞘Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌Flexor pollicis longus 坶长屈肌gallbladder胆囊Gastronemius 腓肠肌Gluteus maximus 臀大肌Gracilis 股薄肌greateroccipitalnerve枕大神经greatsaphenous大隐静脉hepaticpedicle肝蒂hepaticportalvein肝门静脉Hilumoflung肺门Humeromuscular tunnel 肱骨肌管Hypoglossalnerve舌下神经ilealartery回肠动脉ileocolicartery回结肠动脉iliohypogastricnerve髂腹下神经ilioinguinalnerve髂腹股沟神经Inferiorglutealnerve臀下神经inferiorvenacava下腔静脉Infraorbitalnerve眶下神经Infraspinatus冈下肌inguinalcanal腹股沟管inguinaltriangle腹股沟三角Intercostalesexterni肋间外肌Intercostalnerves肋间神经Intercostalsinterni肋间内肌Intercostalsspace肋间隙Internal jugular v. 颈内静脉Internal pudentalartery阴部内动脉Internal thoracicartery胸阔内动脉internaliliacartery髂内动脉ischiorectalfossa坐骨直肠窝jejunalartery空场动脉Lateral pectoralnerve胸外侧神经Latissimusdorsi背阔肌leftgastricartery胃左动脉leftgastroepipoic胃网膜左动脉lesseromentum小网膜levatorani冈提肌ligamentaflava黄韧带lumbarplexus腰丛Malleolar canal 踝管Masseter 咬肌Median cubitalvein肘正中静脉Median.nerve正中神经Mediastinum纵隔mesentery肠系膜Midpalmarspace掌中间隙Musculartriangle肌三角Musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神经obliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌obliquusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌obturatorartery闭孔动脉obturatornerve闭孔神经Occipital triangle 枕三角occipitalartery枕动脉omentalbursa网膜囊Omoclaviculartriangle肩胛舌骨肌锁骨三角Opponenspollicis拇对掌肌ovary卵巢Parathyroid gland 甲状旁腺Parietalpleura壁胸膜Parotid gland 腮腺Pectoralis major 胸大肌pelvicdiaphragm盆隔pelvicfascia盆筋膜pelvirectalspace骨盆直肠间隙penis阴茎Pericardialcavity心包腔Pericardium心包perinealcentraltendon会阴中心腱peritonealcavity腹膜腔peritoneum腹膜Pervertebral space 椎前间隙Phrenic n. 膈神经Piriformis梨状肌Pleuralcavity胸膜腔Popliteal fossa 腘窝portahepatis肝门Posterior humeralcircumflexartery旋肱后动脉Posteriorintercostalarteries肋间后动脉Posterior股间后动脉Pronator teres 旋前圆肌properhepaticartery肝固有动脉pudendalcanal阴部管Pudendalnerve阴部神经Quadricepsfemoris股四头肌Quadrilateralspace四边间隙Radialnerve桡神经rectputerinepouch直肠子宫陷凹rectusabdominis腹直肌Recurrent laryngealnerve喉返神经renalartery肾动脉retroperionealspace腹膜后间隙retropubicspace耻骨后隙retrorectalspace直肠后隙rightcolicartery右结肠动脉Rightlymphaticduct右淋巴导管Rootoflung肺根Sartorius缝匠肌Scalenus anterior 前斜角肌Sciatic n. 坐骨神经scrotum阴囊Semimembranosus 半膜肌Semitendinosus半腱肌sheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘sigmoidartery乙状结肠动脉Soleus比目鱼肌sperior膀胱上动脉spermaticcord精索sphincteraniexternus肛门外阔约肌splenicartery脾动脉Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌subarachnoidspace蛛网膜下隙Subclavianartery 锁骨下动脉Submandibular triangle 下颌下三角Submandibulargland下颌下腺Submental triangle 刻下三角suboccipitaltriangle枕下三角Subscapularis肩胛下肌Subscapularnerve肩胛下神经supeiorepigastricartery腹壁上动脉Superficial temporalartery.颞浅动脉superficialperinealspace会阴浅隙Superior cervical ganglion颈上神经节superiorglutealartery臀上动脉superiorglutealnerve臀上神经Superiorlaryngealnerve喉上神经superiorlumbartriangle腰上三角superiormesentericartery肠系膜上动脉superiorrectalartery直肠上动脉Superiorthyroidartery甲状腺上动脉Superiorvenacava上腔静脉Supinator旋后肌Supraorbitalnerve眶上神经suprarenalgland肾上腺Suprascapularartery肩胛上动脉Supraspinatus冈上肌Teresminor小圆肌terminalcistern终池Thenarspace鱼际间隙Thenar鱼际Thoracic duct 胸导管Thoracicaorta胸主动脉Thoracicduct胸导管Thoracoacromialartery胸肩峰动脉Thoracodorsalnerve胸背神经thoracolumbarfascia胸腰筋膜Thymus胸腺Thyroid gland 甲状腺Tibalisanterior胫骨前肌Tibialnerve胫神经transversefascia腹横筋膜Transversesinusofpericardiu m心包横窦transversusabdominis腹横肌Trapezius斜方肌Tricepsbrachii肱三头肌Trilateralspace三边间隙Ulnarverve尺神经ureter输尿管urinarybladder膀胱urogenitaldiaphragm尿生殖隔uterineartery子宫动脉uterinetube输卵管uterus前列腺Vagusnerve迷走神经vermiformappendix阑尾Vertebralartery椎动脉vertebralcanal椎管vesicouterinepouch膀胱子宫陷凹Visceralpleura脏胸膜omentalbursa网膜囊Omoclaviculartriangle肩胛舌骨肌锁骨三角Opponenspollicis拇对掌肌ovary卵巢Parathyroid gland 甲状旁腺Parietalpleura壁胸膜Parotid gland 腮腺Pectoralis major 胸大肌pelvicdiaphragm盆隔pelvicfascia盆筋膜pelvirectalspace骨盆直肠间隙penis阴茎Pericardialcavity心包腔Pericardium心包perinealcentraltendon会阴中心腱peritonealcavity腹膜腔peritoneum腹膜Pervertebral space 椎前间隙Phrenic n. 膈神经Piriformis梨状肌Pleuralcavity胸膜腔Popliteal fossa 腘窝portahepatis肝门Posterior humeralcircumflexartery旋肱后动脉Posteriorintercostalarteries肋间后动脉Posterior股间后动脉Pronator teres 旋前圆肌properhepaticartery肝固有动脉pudendalcanal阴部管Pudendalnerve阴部神经Quadricepsfemoris股四头肌Quadrilateralspace四边间隙Radialnerve桡神经rectputerinepouch直肠子宫陷凹rectusabdominis腹直肌Recurrent laryngealnerve喉返神经renalartery肾动脉retroperionealspace腹膜后间隙retropubicspace耻骨后隙retrorectalspace直肠后隙rightcolicartery右结肠动脉Rightlymphaticduct右淋巴导管Rootoflung肺根Sartorius缝匠肌Scalenus anterior 前斜角肌Sciatic n. 坐骨神经scrotum阴囊Semimembranosus 半膜肌Semitendinosus半腱肌sheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘sigmoidartery乙状结肠动脉Soleus比目鱼肌sperior膀胱上动脉spermaticcord精索sphincteraniexternus肛门外阔约肌splenicartery脾动脉Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌subarachnoidspace蛛网膜下隙Subclavianartery 锁骨下动脉Submandibular triangle 下颌下三角Submandibulargland下颌下腺Submental triangle 刻下三角suboccipitaltriangle枕下三角Subscapularis肩胛下肌Subscapularnerve肩胛下神经supeiorepigastricartery腹壁上动脉Superficial temporalartery.颞浅动脉superficialperinealspace会阴浅隙Superior cervical ganglion颈上神经节superiorglutealartery臀上动脉superiorglutealnerve臀上神经Superiorlaryngealnerve喉上神经superiorlumbartriangle腰上三角superiormesentericartery肠系膜上动脉superiorrectalartery直肠上动脉Superiorthyroidartery甲状腺上动脉Superiorvenacava上腔静脉Supinator旋后肌Supraorbitalnerve眶上神经suprarenalgland肾上腺Suprascapularartery肩胛上动脉Supraspinatus冈上肌Teresminor小圆肌terminalcistern终池Thenarspace鱼际间隙Thenar鱼际Thoracic duct 胸导管Thoracicaorta胸主动脉Thoracicduct胸导管Thoracoacromialartery胸肩峰动脉Thoracodorsalnerve胸背神经thoracolumbarfascia胸腰筋膜Thymus胸腺Thyroid gland 甲状腺Tibalisanterior胫骨前肌Tibialnerve胫神经transversefascia腹横筋膜Transversesinusofpericardiu m心包横窦transversusabdominis腹横肌Trapezius斜方肌Tricepsbrachii肱三头肌Trilateralspace三边间隙Ulnarverve尺神经ureter输尿管urinarybladder膀胱urogenitaldiaphragm尿生殖隔uterineartery子宫动脉uterinetube输卵管uterus前列腺Vagusnerve迷走神经vermiformappendix阑尾Vertebralartery椎动脉vertebralcanal椎管vesicouterinepouch膀胱子宫陷凹Visceralpleura脏胸膜omentalbursa网膜囊Omoclaviculartriangle肩胛舌骨肌锁骨三角Opponenspollicis拇对掌肌ovary卵巢Parathyroid gland 甲状旁腺Parietalpleura壁胸膜Parotid gland 腮腺Pectoralis major 胸大肌pelvicdiaphragm盆隔pelvicfascia盆筋膜pelvirectalspace骨盆直肠间隙penis阴茎Pericardialcavity心包腔Pericardium心包perinealcentraltendon会阴中心腱peritonealcavity腹膜腔peritoneum腹膜Pervertebral space 椎前间隙Phrenic n. 膈神经Piriformis梨状肌Pleuralcavity胸膜腔Popliteal fossa 腘窝portahepatis肝门Posterior humeralcircumflexartery旋肱后动脉Posteriorintercostalarteries肋间后动脉Posterior股间后动脉Pronator teres 旋前圆肌properhepaticartery肝固有动脉pudendalcanal阴部管Pudendalnerve阴部神经Quadricepsfemoris股四头肌Quadrilateralspace四边间隙Radialnerve桡神经rectputerinepouch直肠子宫陷凹rectusabdominis腹直肌Recurrent laryngealnerve喉返神经renalartery肾动脉retroperionealspace腹膜后间隙retropubicspace耻骨后隙retrorectalspace直肠后隙rightcolicartery右结肠动脉Rightlymphaticduct右淋巴导管Rootoflung肺根Sartorius缝匠肌Scalenus anterior 前斜角肌Sciatic n. 坐骨神经scrotum阴囊Semimembranosus 半膜肌Semitendinosus半腱肌sheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘sigmoidartery乙状结肠动脉Soleus比目鱼肌sperior膀胱上动脉spermaticcord精索sphincteraniexternus肛门外阔约肌splenicartery脾动脉Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌subarachnoidspace蛛网膜下隙Subclavianartery 锁骨下动脉Submandibular triangle 下颌下三角Submandibulargland下颌下腺Submental triangle 刻下三角suboccipitaltriangle枕下三角Subscapularis肩胛下肌Subscapularnerve肩胛下神经supeiorepigastricartery腹壁上动脉Superficial temporalartery.颞浅动脉superficialperinealspace会阴浅隙Superior cervical ganglion颈上神经节superiorglutealartery臀上动脉superiorglutealnerve臀上神经Superiorlaryngealnerve喉上神经superiorlumbartriangle腰上三角superiormesentericartery肠系膜上动脉superiorrectalartery直肠上动脉Superiorthyroidartery甲状腺上动脉Superiorvenacava上腔静脉Supinator旋后肌Supraorbitalnerve眶上神经suprarenalgland肾上腺Suprascapularartery肩胛上动脉Supraspinatus冈上肌Teresminor小圆肌terminalcistern终池Thenarspace鱼际间隙Thenar鱼际Thoracic duct 胸导管Thoracicaorta胸主动脉Thoracicduct胸导管Thoracoacromialartery胸肩峰动脉Thoracodorsalnerve胸背神经thoracolumbarfascia胸腰筋膜Thymus胸腺Thyroid gland 甲状腺Tibalisanterior胫骨前肌Tibialnerve胫神经transversefascia腹横筋膜Transversesinusofpericardium心包横窦transversusabdominis腹横肌Trapezius斜方肌Tricepsbrachii肱三头肌Trilateralspace三边间隙Ulnarverve尺神经ureter输尿管urinarybladder膀胱urogenitaldiaphragm尿生殖隔uterineartery子宫动脉uterinetube输卵管uterus前列腺Vagusnerve迷走神经vermiformappendix阑尾Vertebralartery椎动脉vertebralcanal椎管vesicouterinepouch膀胱子宫陷凹Visceralpleura脏胸膜omentalbursa网膜囊Omoclaviculartriangle肩胛舌骨肌锁骨三角Opponenspollicis拇对掌肌ovary卵巢Parathyroid gland 甲状旁腺Parietalpleura壁胸膜Parotid gland 腮腺Pectoralis major 胸大肌pelvicdiaphragm盆隔pelvicfascia盆筋膜pelvirectalspace骨盆直肠间隙penis阴茎Pericardialcavity心包腔Pericardium心包perinealcentraltendon会阴中心腱peritonealcavity腹膜腔peritoneum腹膜Pervertebral space 椎前间隙Phrenic n. 膈神经Piriformis梨状肌Pleuralcavity胸膜腔Popliteal fossa 腘窝portahepatis肝门Posterior humeral circumflexartery旋肱后动脉Posteriorintercostalarteries肋间后动脉Posterior股间后动脉Pronator teres 旋前圆肌properhepaticartery肝固有动脉pudendalcanal阴部管Pudendalnerve阴部神经Quadricepsfemoris股四头肌Quadrilateralspace四边间隙Radialnerve桡神经rectputerinepouch直肠子宫陷凹rectusabdominis腹直肌Recurrent laryngealnerve喉返神经renalartery肾动脉retroperionealspace腹膜后间隙retropubicspace耻骨后隙retrorectalspace直肠后隙rightcolicartery右结肠动脉Rightlymphaticduct右淋巴导管Rootoflung肺根Sartorius缝匠肌Scalenus anterior 前斜角肌Sciatic n. 坐骨神经scrotum阴囊Semimembranosus 半膜肌Semitendinosus半腱肌sheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘sigmoidartery乙状结肠动脉Soleus比目鱼肌sperior膀胱上动脉spermaticcord精索sphincteraniexternus肛门外阔约肌splenicartery脾动脉Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌subarachnoidspace蛛网膜下隙Subclavianartery 锁骨下动脉Submandibular triangle 下颌下三角Submandibulargland下颌下腺Submental triangle 刻下三角suboccipitaltriangle枕下三角Subscapularis肩胛下肌Subscapularnerve肩胛下神经supeiorepigastricartery腹壁上动脉Superficial temporalartery.颞浅动脉superficialperinealspace会阴浅隙Superior cervical ganglion颈上神经节superiorglutealartery臀上动脉superiorglutealnerve臀上神经Superiorlaryngealnerve喉上神经superiorlumbartriangle腰上三角superiormesentericartery肠系膜上动脉superiorrectalartery直肠上动脉Superiorthyroidartery甲状腺上动脉Superiorvenacava上腔静脉Supinator旋后肌Supraorbitalnerve眶上神经suprarenalgland肾上腺Suprascapularartery肩胛上动脉Supraspinatus冈上肌Teresminor小圆肌terminalcistern终池Thenarspace鱼际间隙Thenar鱼际Thoracic duct 胸导管Thoracicaorta胸主动脉Thoracicduct胸导管Thoracoacromialartery胸肩峰动脉Thoracodorsalnerve胸背神经thoracolumbarfascia胸腰筋膜Thymus胸腺Thyroid gland 甲状腺Tibalisanterior胫骨前肌Tibialnerve胫神经transversefascia腹横筋膜Transversesinusofpericardium心包横窦transversusabdominis腹横肌Trapezius斜方肌Tricepsbrachii肱三头肌Trilateralspace三边间隙Ulnarverve尺神经ureter输尿管urinarybladder膀胱urogenitaldiaphragm尿生殖隔uterineartery子宫动脉uterinetube输卵管uterus前列腺Vagusnerve迷走神经vermiformappendix阑尾Vertebralartery椎动脉vertebralcanal椎管vesicouterinepouch膀胱子宫陷凹Visceralpleura脏胸膜。