商业文化论文

Reading report of Non-Verbal CommunicationNon-verbal communication, as an integral part of communication system, plays an important role in intercultural communication. It reflects culture and varies in different cultures. In different cultures in terms of gesture language, eye language, silence and proximal behavior, which highlights the importance of intercultural non-verbal communication and helps to achieve success in intercultural communication.Nonverbal communication —as one of the most important channels of communication plays an important role when communication takes place between Chinese culture and English-speaking countries’ cultures. The different worldviews, values, histories and economy result in the differences between Chinese culture and English-speaking countries’cultures, especially the differences of nonverbal communication result from culture tends to determine paralanguage and kinesics. It will inevitably cause conflicts or misunderstanding when two or more cultures encounter one another, unless we fail to handle this, The paper takes a comparative look at Chinese and English-s peaking countries’ nonverbal communication, and tries to seek good strategies to remove the barriers caused by nonverbal communication under the Chinese and English-speaking countries’ cultural contexts.As we all known Human communication is conducted through verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Generally, people pay more attention to the function of verbal communication rather than nonverbal communication. Misunderstandings and conflicts sometimes occur in the process of intercultural communication due to cultural differences and improper uses of non- verbal communication. Nonverbal communication —as one of the most important channels of communication plays an important role when communication takes place between Chinese culture and English-speaking countries’ cultures. The different worldviews, values, histories and economy result in the differences between Chinese culture and English-speaking countrie s’ cultures, especially the differences of nonverbal communication result from culture tends to determine paralanguage and kinesics. It will inevitably cause conflicts or misunderstanding when two or more cultures encounter one another, unless we fail to handle this, The paper takes a comparative look at Chinese and English-speaking countries’ nonverbal communication, and tries to seek good strategies to remove the barriers caused by nonverbal communication under the Chinese and English-speaking countries’ cultural contexts. My report will discusses some of the means of nonverbal communication and proposes some practical ways of eliminating those cultural conflicts and obstacles.In our book ,chapter seven lists some means of nonverbal communication have different meaning in different country. Basic Body Linguistic; dress and appearance, eye contact , facial expressions personal space and posture . I will focus on eye contact and facial expressions. The eyes are said to be the window to the soul .But the amount of proper eye contact as a sign of honesty and sincerity .Forexample ,American take direct eye contact ,however ,French ,in the business meeting ,will demand at least some direct contact. And repeating, complementing, substituting, regulating and contradicting. Repeating We may use nonverbal messages to repeat what we have expressed in words. Take an easy example, we may say goodbye to someone while waving the hand. Another example, when we show someone how to go to some place, we may point toward the direction at the same time we explain the concrete way to there. In the similar context, the nonverbal messages convey the same meaning as the words. They just repeat the same meaning to make the intended meaning clearer. Complementing is closely related to the first function repeating. Repeating just repeats the meaning of the words. In spite that the repeated messages can stand alone, completing can add more information and enrich the original messages. For instance, you can say to someone you are very grateful to him, but after you say the words, if you bow in a sincere manner, you may convey an extra positive meaning. And if you say hello, meanwhile you smil e, the meaning of “hello” may be complemented and made more comf ortable. Substituting Another function of nonverbal communication is substituting. In some context of nonverbal communication, we often use substitution—we use nonverbal messages to substitute words. For example, after a long time of separation, a mother may open her arms to embrace her child and may even be in tears to express her miss and love to her child instead of saying any words. Regulating We can also use nonverbal signals to regulate as well as manage communication. For instance, we may nod our head in agreement to indicate to our communication partner that we agree and that he or she should go on with talking. And we may keep silent for some time to convey that we are ready to begin our speech. In all, we can use nonverbal messages to control the process of the whole communication. Contradicting In some context, our nonverbal signals may be contradictory to our words. And according to many studies, nonverbal signals are more believable. As a saying goes, do not believe those who stare not look into your eyes. For instance, although you say you are relaxed, your voice may betray you by quavering and your hand by shaking. So on many occasions, we should not only listen to the words but pay extra attention to the nonverbal signals which may tell the actual truth. Overall, nonverbal behavior functions as a culturally rule-governed communication system. Rules dictate all of our communication behaviors, but rules are especially evident in nonverbal communication, the examples are many but include greeting, leaving, politeness, entering a room, friendship expectation and classroom behavior. Furthermore, the rules are governed by culture, and the rules and nonverbal behavior differ among cultures . Nonverbal communication has many a functions. And we can examine them in different ways. Here, In the view of the need of the study, the author mainly focuses on its five uses. Relationship between Nonverbal Communication and Business Context . Relationship between Communication and Context Communication must occur in some settings and is inevitable to be influenced by the settings. According to Larry A. Samovar “communication is not devoid of external influence: all human interaction is influenced to some degree by the social, physical and cultura l settings in which it occurs.”That is calledcommunication context. So context has a close relationship with communication and it has a great influence on communication. When we communicate with people from a different culture, we may naturally expect some general rules to follow to achieve smooth communication, for “when we communicate with membe rs of our own culture, we have internalized the cultural rules that govern the behavior in the context” . But when we are encountered with different cultural context, we are not familiar with the cultural rules, we may hesitate to behave and have no clear idea of how to have an appropriate communication with the communication partners. So context is important to intercultural communication. Firstly, communication is rule governed. In communication, people always expect to follow certain culturally determined patterns of behavior or rules to govern their interactions. And the rules tell them how to respond to communication stimuli in various social contexts in an appropriate and acceptable way. “Social settings usually stipulate which rules are appropriate for a particular situation, but it is culture that constructs the rules”.Secondly, communication is that contexts specify the appropriate rules . In different contexts and on different occasions, we may make different but appropriate responses in accordance with the cultural rules. Thirdly, rules are culturally diverse . Different cultures may have many same or quite similar contexts, but different cultures may stipulate quite different rules. For instance, concepts of dress, time, space, manners and nonverbal behavior can differ among cultures. Just as Larry Samovar, Richard Porter and Lisa say in Communication between Cultures, “to be successful in intercultural communication, it is essential that you know not only your own culture’s rules but also the cultural rules of the person with whom you are interacting.” Relationship between Nonverbal Communication and Business Context Since communication is closely related to the context, nonverbal communication is also subjective to the influence of the context.All in all, at least, non verbal communication can make Business English learners pay more attention to the development of intercultural competence and nonverbal communication in business settings.。