2020年职称英语(卫生类)教材阅读理练习3
2020年职称英语卫生类阅读判断习题及答案(3)
2020年职称英语卫生类阅读判断习题及答案（3）SmokingSince 1939,numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk.Research teams have conducted studiesthat show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body.Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics,it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body.Smoke is a mixture ofgases,vaporized chemicals,minute particles of ash and other solids.There is also nicotine,which is powerful poison,and black tar.As smoke is breathed in,all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs.One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides.Most lung cancer begins at this point.Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer,but they can only slightly reduce,not eliminate the hazards.练习：1.It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.Smoking may induce lung cancer.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5.Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokersA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.Nicotine is poisonous.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案与解析：1.B.分析：利用题干中的hazardous作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子（Since 1939,numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.），判断该句的含义（为了确认是否吸烟会造成健康危害，人们已经实行了大量的研究工作）与问题句的含义不一致。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类补全短文模拟试题(3)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类补全短文模拟试题(3)One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt's now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus.The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980,when smallpox was eradicated in the wild,by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it — one in the US and one in Russia.If smallpox had truly gone from the planet,what point was there in keeping these reserves?____1____reality,of course,it was naive to____2____that everyone would let____3____of such a potent potential weapon.1 Undoubtedly several nations still have____4____vials.___5_____the last "official" stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia,2____6____no obvious gain.Now American researchers have___7_____an animal model of the human disease,opening the____8____for tests on new treatments and vaccines.So once again there's a good reasonto____9____the virus —just in____10____the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we____11____with the mistrust of the US and Russia?____12____Keep the virus_____13___international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that's open to all countries.The US will object,of course,just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything.But itdoesn’t____14____the idea is wrong.If thevirus____15____useful,then let's make it the servant of all humanity — not just a part of it练习：1.A.In B.On C.At D.For2.A.know B.imagine C.realize D.be aware3.A.to go B.going C.go D.went4.A.much B.more C.most D.a few5.A.And B.While C.Whereas D.Although6.A.since B.for C.because D.of7.A.looked for B.sought C.found D.talked about8.A.method B.road C.street D.way9.A.keep B.put C.destroy D.eradicate10.A.need B.case C.necessity D.time11.A.handle B.tackle C.deal D.treat12.A.Difficult B.Hard C.Safe D.Simple13.A.under B.in C.on D.for14.A.say B.mean C.state D.declare15.A.will be B.would be C.is D.are答案与题解：1.A inreality："实际上,事实上"。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读训练(3)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读训练(3)Red Meat Links to Higher Risk of Breast CancerExercise and keeping a healthy weight are two things that doctors say might help women lower their risk of breast cancer.Mothers may reduce their risk if they breastfeed for at least four months. For older women, hormone replacement therapy2 can lower the risk of some other diseases. But it has been found to increase the risk of breast cancer. So women should consider their choices carefully. The same may be said for diet.New findings show that younger women who eat a lot of red meat have higher rates of breast cancers called hormone-receptor positive3. The growth is fed by the levels of estrogen or another hormone, progesterone, in the body.Researchers at Brigham Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, reported the findings as part of a health study of nurses. The researchers followed the health of more than 90,000 women from 1991 to 2003. Those who ate the most red meat ate more than one and one-half servings a day. A serving was defined as roughly 84 grams. Those who ate the least red meat ate less than three servings a week. This is what the study found about breast cancers that were hormone receptor-positive： The women who ate the most red meat were almost two times as likely to get them as the women who ate the least of it.Eunyoung Cho, the lead author of the report, says more research is needed to know the reason for the link. But inthe past, researchers have suggested that three things mayplay a part. One is the way meat is cooked or processed. Another is the use of growth hormones in cows. And the thirdis the kind of iron in red meat. The study appears in the Archives of Internal Medicine.And now we have more to tell you about oursubject―resveratrol. We discussed a study in the UnitedStates that found that large amounts of this plant compound helped fat mice live longer. The mice were fed much more resveratrol than people could get from red wine, one of the foods that contains it.Now, scientists in France say resveratrol also improves muscle performance ― again, at least in mice. They were able to run two times as far in laboratory treadmill tests4 asmice normally could. The study at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology5 appeared in the journal Cell.词汇：breast/brest/n.胸部, 乳房,breastfeed/5brestfi：d/u.哺乳，喂奶hormone/5hC：mEun/n.激素，荷尔蒙therapy/5WerEpi/ n.疗法，治疗 receptor/ri5septE/n.接受器，感受器;受体estrogen/estrogen /5estrEdVEn/n..雌激素progesterone/prEu5dVestErEun/n.黄体酮，孕酮(孕激素类药) serving/ 5sE：viN/n.一份饭菜 process/prE5ses/vt.加工, 处理resveratrol /n.白藜芦醇(抗肿瘤药)compound/5kCmpaund/n.混合物;化合物;复合物treadmill/5tredmIl/n.(古时罚囚犯踩踏的)踏车;(喻)单调的工作genetics/dVi5netiks/n.遗传学/n.遗传学molecular/mEu5lekjulE/adj.分子的cellular/5seljulE/adj.细胞的cell/sel/n.细胞。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类C级阅读理解练习3
2020年职称英语考试卫生类C级阅读理解练习3U. S. Eats Too Much SaltPeople in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt,raising their risk for high blood pressure,heart attacks and strokes,govemment health experts said on Thursday.They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than l，500 mg per day,yet most consume closer to 3，500 mg per day.The study in CDC's weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than l，500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40-which are considered high-risk groups.Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3，436 mg of sodium per day,according to a 2005 - 2006 CDC estimate.Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged,processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.Nationwide,16 million men and women have heart disease and 5. 8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks,the CDC said.31. Too much salt raises one's risk for _________.A. strokesB. heart attacksC. high blood pressureD. all of the above32. The recommended sodium intake for most U. S. adults is ________.A. closer t0 3，500 mg per dayB. as much as 3，436 mg per dayC. no more than l，500 mg per dayD. less than 3，500 mg per day33. A heart-healthy diet is one that contains ________.A. a low level of sodiumB. a lot of potassium and calciumC. no salt at allD. both A and B34. Nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups，________.A. for they are inactiveB. for they are black or over the age of 40C. for they frequently eat outD. for they consume sodium every day35. Packaged,processed and restaurant foods are known to beA. good in tasteB. low in priceC. poor in nutritionD. high in salt解析：31.D [解析]由第一段的People in the United States consume more than twice the recom. mended amount of salt，raising their risk flor high blood pressure，heart attacks and strokes，government health experts said on Thursday.可知，A、B、C都出现了，所以选D.32.C[解析]由第二段中…would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1，500 mgper day和第五段中…should be consuming no more than 1，500 mg o f sodium per day…可知，每天钠的摄入量不应超过1500毫克。
2020年职称英语《卫生类》阅读判断练习题(3)
2020年职称英语《卫生类》阅读判断练习题（3）NursesThe physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff.But they could not provide effective medical care totheir patients without the help of numerous other medical workers.From the angle of the patients,the nursing staff is particularly important.Nurses are usually in close contactwith patients as long as they are in the hospital.A nurse does not study for as many years as adoctor.However,each must be equally trained.Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern.Most nurses work long days,and they often must work at odd hoursor during the night.The nursing staff in a hospital is usually quite largeand various.Nursing services,after all,must be provided on a24-hour basis.There are professional （专业的）nurses,practical nurses,nurse's aids,and orderlies （勤杂工）。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读(3)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读(3) scientists develop ways of detecting heart attackGerman researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection1___2____ sudden death from cardiac arrest in germany alone around 100.000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases___3____ by disruption to the heart's rhythm. those most at risk are patients who have___4___ suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing___5____disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. these devices___6____a range of functions, such as that of pacemakerheart specialists at freiburg's university clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanteddefibrillator___7_____of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ecg) within the body. this integrated system allows early diagnosis of___8____blood-tlow problems and a pending heart attack. it will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. meanwhile, researchers at the fraunhofer institute for applied mathematics inkaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ecg data___9___.the overwhelming___10 ____of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ecgs.“many of the current programsonly____11___into account a linear correlation of the data.we are, however, making use____12__ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system2." hagen knaf says,“____13___ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individualvariations in patients taken into account3.”an old study of ecg data, based____14__600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show____15___the new software evaluates the data considerably better.词汇：defibrillator n去纤颤器overwhelming adj.压倒的pending adj.追近的，即将发生的 pacemaker n起搏器cardiac adj.心脏的 linear adj.线(性)的implant vt植入 arrest n停止electrocardiogram心电图render 提出…… correlation n相互关系disruption n.中断 chaotic adj. 混乱的注释：1…and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection. ：本句中aimed at是过去分词短语，作前面两个名词的定语，原意是“把目标瞄准……”，此处可译为“旨在为心脏病人提供更多保护的早期预报软件”。
2020年职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解3
2020年职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解3 HappinessA proverb allegedly (据说) from ancient China was widely spread in the West：“If you want to be happy for a few hours，go to get drunk;if you want the happiness to last three years，get married：if you want a lifetime happiness，take up gardening.”The reason fo r the last option is this：Gardening is not only useful;it helps you to identify yourself with nature，and thus brings you new joy each day besidesimproving your health.A research of a US university that I've read gives a definition of happiness as what makes a person feelcomfortably pleased. To put it specifically, happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks one's life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable. This should be something lasting rather than transitory.Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisure.But according to the study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure. Happiness does not spell gains one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for. People often do not cherish what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get. That is somewhatlike a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him.Happiness is a game balancing between two ends -- whatone has and what one wishes for, i.e. one's dream and the possibility to realize it. The study comes to this conclusion：A happy man is one who aims high but never forgets his actual situation; one who meets challenges that tap his ability and potentiality; one who is proud of his achievements and the recognition given to him. He has self-respect and self-confidence; treasures his own identity and loves freedom. He is sociable and enjoys wide-range communication with others; he is helpful and ready to accept assistance. He knows he is able to endure sufferings and frustrations; he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores. He is a man capable of love and passion.1.Gardening can bring lifelong happiness becauseA.it is a profitable business.B.it can improve a gardener's ability to remake nature.C.a gardener can enjoy a very happy relationship in marriage.D.nature is an unexhausted source of joy2.The research of the US university found that most people feel happy when theyA.are at leisure.B.take the job of gardening.C.are after their goals.D.own great properties.3.Why does the writer mention "a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers" (Lines 5 --6, Para. 3)?A.To demonstrate the problem in marriage in modern society.B.To illustrate a radical way to achieve happiness.C.To criticize those who do not value what they already have.D.To indicate that happiness covers something besides the desire to gain4.What kind of person is more likely to be unhappy according to the study?A.The one who has self-respect and confidence.B.The one who is ambitious without consideration of his actual situation.C.The one who can take pleasure in communicating with others.D.The one who are ready to render help and accept help from others.5.What is happiness?A.A transitory state of mind.B.Getting everything what one desires.C.An all-working and no-leisure life.D.A desire based on our actual situation.参考答案：DCDBD。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解辅导及答案(3)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解辅导及答案（3）Crystal EarOne day a friend asked my wife Jill if I wanted a hearing aid."He certainly does," replied Jill.After hearing about a remarkable new product,Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if I'd ever thought about getting a hearing aid."No way,"I said."It would make me look 20 years older.No,no," she replied."This is entirely different.It's Crystal Ear！"Jill was right.Crystal Ear is different——not the old-styled body worn or over-the-ear aid,but an advanced personal sound system so small that it's like contacts （隐形眼镜）for your ears.And Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerful,too.You will hear sounds your ears have been missing for years.Crystal Ear will make speech louder,and the soundis pure and natural.I couldn't believe how tiny it is.It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and it's almost invisible when worn.There are no wires,no behind-the-ear device.Put it in your ear and its ready-to-wear mold （形状） fits comfortably.Since it's not too' loud or too tight,you may even forget that you're wearing it！ Use it at work or at play.And if your hearing problem is worse in certain situations,use Crystal Ear only when you need it.Hearing loss,which occurs typically prior to teenage years,progresses throughout one's lifetime.Although hearing loss is now the world's number one health problem,nearly 90percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated.For many millions,treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous officevisits,expensive testing and adjustments to fit yourear.Thanks to Crystal Ear,the "sound solution" is now convenient.Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss,and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off （下降）,can be dramatically helped with CrystalEar.Moreover,its superior design is energy-efficient,so batteries can last months.Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier （放大器）。
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2020年职称英语（卫生类）教材阅读理练习3Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer.They said patients are younger,especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate."An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2，276 lung cancer patients for fiveyears.Among them，l，483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only l8 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about1 irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods."Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,"said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer.I have already started frying less."Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition,but was closelyrelated to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with he3."Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men,"said Dr Tan Binyong,honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."He's research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6experts said.词汇：fume 烟，气，汽tumor（=tumour） n.肿瘤cancer癌瘤breast****，胸incidence发生（率）diagnosis诊断inhale秒。
吸人irritate使疼痛，刺激fry钐。
油炸，油煎unventilate使不通风adjacent.临近的dietary饮食的immune吐免疫的honorary名誉上的；荣誉的respiratory呼吸的stall货摊注释：plain原意是“抱怨，诉苦"，但医学上常用complain about或complain of表示”主诉“。
2.adjacent to：与……相毗邻，临近……（地方）3.Other experts agreed with he.其他专家同意何医生的意见。
agree with sb：同意某人的意见。
agree with sth：同意什么东西。
agree to do sth：同意做什么事情。
4.by far the biggest cause：最的原因。
by far是用来做形容词级the biggest的状语，对形容词级起强调作用。
本来形容词级就已经是了，不过说话的人还要对它再强调出来，所以就相当汉语的“最最……”的意思。
5……warned people not to stand near of stalls selling……：警告人们不要站在卖……的货摊附近。
也能够说成"…… warned people off stalls selling……".6……if exposed to the fume for a long time：……如果长时间接触这种烟的话。
expose sb.to sth. 原意是“使…… （人）暴露于…… （物）”，但医学文献中常常用来表达“接触到……（物）"的意思。
此处if引导的条件状语从句相当于”if one is exposed to the fume for a long time".练习：1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers？A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.C Patients with lung cancer become older,especially males.D Patients with lung cancer become younger,especially females.2.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai？A Heart disease.B Breast cancer.C Infectious diseases.D Lung cancer.3.What symptoms may be' complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term,close contact with cooking oil fumes？A Irritated eyes and throat.B Severe pain in both lungs.C Continuous cough and headache.D Difficulty in breathin9.4.What was the local women's reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer？A Happy.B Surprised.C Angry.D Careless5.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women's lung cancer？A Family cancer history.B Unhealthy dietary habits.C Weak immune systems.D Personal health and physical condition.答案与题解：1.D文章第二段明确提到，肺癌的新趋势就是“病人更年轻，尤其是妇女”。