国贸实务复习
一、选择题（10×2’）C 1 、Counter samples can also be called -----A duplicate samplesB sealed samplesC confirmed samplesD reference samplesC 2 、Which of the following clauses is appropriate for a contract of sale by ** ----A The quality of the goods delivered should be the same as the quality as sampleB The quality of the goods delivered should be equal to the quality of sampleC The quality of the goods delivered should be about equal to the quality of sampleD The quality of the goods delivered should be refer to the quality of sampleD 3 、“1000 pairs of shoes” is an example of using ---- specity quantityA weightB lengthC volumeD numberD 4 、----is not frequently used in international tradeA Metric SystemB British SystemC U.S. SystemD French SystemC 5、According to the UCP 600 “about”allows the quantity to be -----more or lessA 3%B 5%C 10%D 15%D 6、A credit stipulated that the quantity of the bulk cargo is 1000M/T and total amount is USD0.9 million .It shows no “more or less clause” and partial shipment is not allowed .According to the UCP 600----A The quantity and total amount of the goods delivered should not increase or decreaseB The quantity and total amount of the goods delivered can be 10% more or lessC The quantity and total amount of the goods delivered can be 5%more or lessD The quantity of the goods delivered can be 5%more or less while and total amount can not exceed USD 0.9 millionB 7、According to the international trade practice, ------ should provide the shipping Marks unless otherwise stipulated in the contractA the issuing bankB the sellersC the buyersD the carrierA 8 、The method suitable for measuring the weight of importing wool is the -----A theoretical weightB conditioned weightC settled by buyers and sellersD dry net weightB 9、If there is no specific provision ,the draft under a letter of credit should draw on ----A advising bankB issuing bankC negotiating bankD applicant10、A standby credit ----A is a documentary creditB is a special clean creditC can be a documentary credit as well as a clean creditD is not a real letter of credit but a letter of guaranteeA 11、If a bank other than the issuing bank guarantees the payment under an L/C ,this L/C is------A a confirmed creditB an irrevocable creditC not-transferable creditD a negotiable creditCB 12、A ----credit is normally used in processing tradeA back to backB revolvingC reciprocalD red clauseB 13、If the exporter finds out mistakes on a received L/C ,he should contact the ----A advising bankB importerC negotiating bankD issuing bankA 14、Your enquiry is having our prompt ____and we hope to make you an offer in a few days.A. attentionB. settlementC. arrangementD. mindB 15、We trust our offer will be ____ to you and await your order.A acceptB accepting C. acceptable D. neededC 16、When an importer intends to make purchases of some goods, he sends a letter of ____to an exporter?A. quotation B offer C. enquiry D. counter offerB 17、If you care to place an order with us any time in the future, you may be assured __B__the same prompt attention which you have had in the past.A. forB. ofC. withD. thatB 18、In reference to your letter, we cannot ___B__a better offer than the one we suggested to youA take B. make C. receive D. holdC 19、After discussing the matter with our Board of Directors, we have decide we can comply ____your request for lower price.A toB onC withD inA 20、In view of the fact that you have bought from us such a volume of office equipment, we should like ____you half way.A meetB give inC give upD haveC 21、we regret that it is not possible to accept the ___price you have offer.A reducingB having reducedC reducedD cuttingC 22、unless you see your way clear to grant us an additional reduction in price, we may have to ____our business with you.A continueB continuingC discontinueD keepB 23、The main documents adopted by the insured to make claims against the insurer is ____A B/LB transportations documentC insurance proposal formD insurance documentC 24、according to “Ocean marine cargo clause of the people’s insurance company of china ”,the coverage which cannot be effected independently is ___A. FPA B WPA C. War Risk D. All RisksD 25、Company A exported 5 metric tons of tea. The tea suffered heavy storm in transit. The seawater in the ship’s hold led to the deterioration in the quality of part of the tea exported. This kind of loss is ___A actual total lossB constructive total loss C. general average D. particular averageC 26、The coverage of ICC (A) is equivalent to that of ___of ICCA.FPAB.WPAC. All RisksD. Additional RisksB 27、Risks such as "failure to delivery risk" or "rejection risk" fall within the category of ____B__.A. general extraneous risksB. special extraneous risksC. natural calamitiesD. fortuitous accidentsA 28、According to CIC of the PICC，the bank coverage that isthe least extensive is _____A_____.A. FPAB. WPAC. All RisksD. War RiskB 29、In the case of air freight if the subject matter insured failed to reach the warehouse of destination stipulated in the insurance policy the expiration of the insurance is __B__A. 15 daysB. 30 daysC. 60daysD.90 daysC 30、Under ___coverage of ICC, only major caution an but not natural calamlties __C_ A. ICC(A) B. ICC(B) C.ICC(C) D. Institute War Clause CargoC 31、A bill of lading is __C__ when its dates of shipment is indicated earlier than the actual time of shipment.A. stale B/LB. confirmed B/LC. ante-dated B/LD. straight B/LD 32、A (an)__D__ represents title to the cargo.A. CTDB. air waybillC. road waybillD. bill of ladingB 33、In the import and export business __B__,can be made out to negotiable document. A. a rail waybill B.an ocean B/LC. an air waybillD. a parcel of post receiptA 34、The bill of lading presented to the consignee or buyer or his bank after the stipulated expiry date of presentation or after the goods are due at the port of destination is a__A__A. stale B/LB. confirmed B/LC. ante-dated B/LD. straight B/LA 35、A “freight to be collected” B/L is acceptable to the buyer when the contract is basedon__A__A. FOBB. CFRC. FCAD. CPTB 36、An order B/L with blank endorsement is a B/L showing__B__A. neither the name of the consignee nor the name of the transferorB. neither the name of the consignee nor the name of the transfereeC. both the name of the consignee and the name of the transferorD. the name of the consignee no name of the transfereeB 37、The disagreement result from one party of a transaction totally or partially unable to perform the obligation and liability stipulated in the contract is___B__.A.claimB.disputeC.breach of contractD.settlement of disputes A 38、Which of the following may possibly result in disputes___A__?A.breakage of the packageB.rising of priceC.fluctuationD.quotaD 39、Which of the following is a clause in a contract and meanwhile a law itself__D__?A.arbitrationB.claimC.disputeD.force majeureC 40、According to usual practice,the penalty of a contract shall not exceed __C__of the totalvalue of the goods?A.3%B.4%C.5%D.5.5%D 41、The best way to stipulate the place and time of inspection is __D____.A.inspection at the factoryB.Inspection at the port of shipmentC.Inspection at the port of destinationD.Inspection at the port of shipment and re-inspection at the port of destinationB 42、Risks such as ‘failure to delivery risk’ or ‘rejection risk’ fall within the category of _____.A.general extraneous risksB.special extraneousC.natural clamitiesD.fortuitous accidentsA 43、According to CIC of the PICC,the basic coverage that is the least extensive is _____. A．FPA B.WPA C.ALL Risks D.War RiskB 44、In the case of air freight,if the subject matter insured failed to reach the warehouse at destination stipulated in the insurance policy,the expiration of the insurance is_____.A.15 daysB.30 daysC.60 daysD.90 daysC 45、Under _____ coverage of ICC,only major casualties are covered,but not natural clamities.A.ICC(A)B.ICC(B)C.ICC(C)D.Insitute War Clause CargoC 46、The main arbitration body in China is__C___.A. MOFTECB. CCPITC.CIETACD.ICCC 47、Force Majeure clause is a clause that ___C__?A. protects the right of the sellerB. protects the right of the buyerC. enables the seller to avoid his contractual obligationsD. enables the buyer to avoid his contractual obligationsB 48、After a dispute, in case that the parties concerned are unable to reach an agreement, they can ask a third party to help settle the dispute. This action is called___B__?A. negotiationB. mediationC. arbitrationD. litigationD 49、Before going for arbitration, both parties involved in dispute needs to make an arbitration agreement in written form, in which they agree to refer the subject in dispute to a third party. This indicates the__D___ nature of arbitration.A. flexibleB. simplifiedC. compulsoryD. voluntaryC 50、The award of arbitration is final and binding on both parties. This shows the __C___ nature of arbitration.A. flexibleB. swiftC. compulsoryD. voluntaryC 51、After discussing the matter with our Board of Directors, we have decided we can comply _____ your request for lower prices.A. toB. onC. withD. inA 52、In view of the fact that you have bought from us such a volume of office equipment, we would like to _____ you half way.A. meetB. give inC. give upD. haveC 53、We regret that it is not possible to accept the _____ price you offer.A. reducingB. having reducedC. reducedD. cuttingC 54、Unless you see your way clear to grant us an addition reduction in price, we may have to_____ our business with you.A. continueB. continuingC. discontinueD. keepC 55、The draft used in collection is .A. a banker’s draft, based on bank creditB. a commercial draft, based on commercial creditC. a banker’s draft, based on commercial creditD. a commercial draft, based on bank creditC 56、Under collection once the importer refuses to pay, the will beresponsible for the cargo release, customs clearance, warehousing, and reselling in the importing country.A. draweeB. collecting bankC. principalD. presenting bankD 57、The bill of collection used in D/A must be a .A. sight billB. bank billC. bank accepted billD. usance billA 58、Which of the following statements is NOT true about remittance?A. It provides highest securlty to the buyer but not the seller.B. It is cheaper to use than the other terms of payment.C. It is based on commercial credit, not bank credit.D. It may impose high risk either to the buyer or to the seller.二、判断（10×2’）T 1 For a confirmed credit ,the confirming bank holds the same liability as the issuing bankT 2 A letter of credit which does not indicate whether it is revocable or not is regarded as irrevocableF 3 A letter of credit not mentioning it is non-transferable will be seen as tansferableT 4 Since under L/C the seller get payment from a party indepent of the buyer ,it is safest mode for himF 5 Dishonor only refers to the rejection to the presentation for payment ,but not rejection to the presention for acceptanceT 6 In international trade ,ti is always necessary for the seller to urge the buyer to open the covering L/C in good timeT 7 When the buyer falls to issue the coving L/C whithin the specified time of the contract,the seller holds the rights of declaring the contract avoidF 8 When the contract requires ayment to be effected in US dollar,the relevant L/C may choose to effect payment in RMBT 9 If the L/C prohibits partial shipment and the goods are shipped in full quantity with the price not reduced ,a short drawing of 5 percent in the amount is permissibleF 10 When the L/C stipulates that the quantity of goods must not be more or less than the prescribed quantity,the seller may still have the right of delivering 5 percent more or lessF 11 According to the UCP500,a freely negotiable credit must stipulate a place for presentation of documents for negotiationF 12 According to Article 43 of the UCP500,when the shipment date and the expiry date of L/C are August and September 15 respectively,the beneficciary may be present the documents between Semptember 16 and 20 because these dates have not exceeded a period of 21 daysF 13 When the goods are posted,the latest date of shipment refers to the date of Post Receipt F 14 If the Issuing Bank appoints the Bank of China as its Advising Bank of L/C,then the Issuing Bank of L/C ,then the issuing bank may ask the bank of Asia to advise amendments to the L/CT 15_The beneficiary of a letter of credit may indicate his acceptance or rejection of the amendments till when he presents the relevant documents.T 16_In our country goods for export must go through customs clearance.F 17__According to UCP600,if documents are in correspondence with L./C’s stipulations,discrepancles between the documents themselves are allowed.F 18__Banks will refuse to pay if the documents whick are not required by the L/C are presented to them.F 19_When documents are presented to the Opening Bank,they shall be examined carefully within one month.F 20_As an L/C beneficiary,the buyer must act on any suggestions written in the L/C even if they are not documents.T 21_If a letter of credit stipulates some conditions but does not require the related documents,the banks may disregard them as not stated.T 22_According to the UCP600,Commercial Invoice must be issued by the beneficiary named in the L/C.T 23_The beneficiary of a letter of credit may choose to present one copy of the Insurance Policy if it has more than one original copy.F 24. In marine cargo insurance, general average is to be born by the carrier, who may, upon presentation of evidence of the loss, recover the loss from the insurance underwriter.F 25. In Chinese insurance practice, open policy is the same as the insurance certificate.T 26. Special additional coverages such as war risks, strikes and so on must be taken out together with FPA, WPA or All Risks.F 27. In ocean marine insurance, natural calamities include heavy weather, earthquake, tsunami, flood, collision, etc.T 28. The coverage of Land transportation Risk and Air transportation Risk are almost equivalent to WPA in marine cargo insurance.F 29. Ocean marine insurance covers ships and their cargo only on the high seas and not on inland waterways.F 30.Subrogation Principle states that in the event of loss of or damage to the subject matter insured resulting from an insured peril, the insured is placed in the same position that he enjoyed immediately before the loss occurred.T 31.The 10% markup rate of the commercial invoice value in an insurance policy is to cover an anticipated profit as well as other additional costs involved.T 32.Under a deductible franchise, where the loss or damage exceeds the percentage allowed, the insurance company needs merely indemnify the exceeding part to the insured.F 33.The claimant is the party who suffers loss of or damage to the subject matter insured by himself.T 34. Liner freight has covered the loading and unloading fee.F 35.When the ship-owner speeds up his ship and arrives at the destination at earlier date than stipulated, he can obtain dispatch money from the chartererT 36.When the charterer fails to load or unload the goods within the stipulated period of time,he has to pay demurrage to the ship ownerF 37.Ocean B/L, air waybills and rail waybills are property documents presenting title to cargoes, so they are all negotiable.T 38.Bill of Lading are usually made out in a full set including several originals and copies.F 39.A clean B/L is issued by the seller to the buyer to certify the goods delivered are in apparent goods condition.F 40.In international trade practice, the time of shipment is actually the timeof delivery. T 41.Sometimes when the buyer cannot determine a specific port of discharge during negotiation,he may require two or three ports to be written on the contract as optional ports.T 42.UCP600 stipulated that partial shipment and transshipment are allowed unlessit is stipulated otherwise.T 43.According to usual international trade practice,buyers lose the right to claim for damage if they have processed or resold the goods.T 44.Reasons resulting in disputes in international trade can be classified into three categories:breach of contract by the seller,breach of contract by the buyer and breach of contract by both the seller and the buyer.F 45.One of the ways to stipulate period for claim is:”Claim should be filed within 90 days after shipment”.T 46.Inspection on import and export commodities in china falls into two categories:statutory inspection and non-statutory inspection.F_47.If a claim is well supported,the claimant shall pay a fine,a certain percentage of total contract value.T 48. The best way to stipulate force majeure events in the force majeure clause of a contract isto stipulate the in a synthesized way.F 49. The arbitration award in final and binding on both parties, therefore should be executed without any doubt.F 50. There are two main types of arbitration body: governmental and non- governmental.T 51. The main ways to settle disputes in international trade are negotiation, mediation, arbitration and litigation.F 52.The arbitration tribunal has the power to decide that the losing party shall pay the winning party the arbitration fee incurred in dealing with the case.F 53. When a force majeure event takes place, the party concerned has no choice but to terminate the contract.F 54. If the remittance is made by a banker’s demand draft, this payment is based on bank credit.F 55. Using a third currency in collecting payments is the best protection against currency risk for the seller,T 56. Open account and payment in advance indicate the minimum and maximum risk for the importer.T 57. Under collection though the seller collects payment through banks, it is not guaranteed that he will receive the money as collection is still based on commercial credit.F 58. In international trade clean collection is more frequently used than documentary collection.三、简答（8×2’）[贸易磋商（接受有附加条件）、品质条款（品质公差与机动幅度）]四、合同完善（14’）①Commodity: Christmas Toys as per buyer’s sample No.21-45 send on May,1,2012.②Quantity:3000 dozen in one 20’ container③Packing: Each in a poly bag and ten in an export carton total 300 cartons④Shipment :To be effected on or before Sept.30th,2012 and shall reach the destination before Nov,15th ,falling which the buyer reserve the right to rescind without further notice. From to partial shipment allowed and transshipment unallowed.⑤Price terms :At USD 25.00 per dozen CIF New York （记住有四部分）⑥Payment : The buyer should open irrevocable L/C at sight through a bank acceptable by seller. It should reached seller 30 days before date of shipment. Stipulating 50% invoice of value against clean draft at sight and remain 50% on D/P at 30 days sight.（备注：红色下划线代表要完善的内容，删除线代表去除。
国际贸易理论与实务复习资料
国际贸易理论与实务复习资料第一章.导论一、名词解释。
1、对外贸易：一国或地区同别国或地区展开货物和服务互换的活动，从一个国家的角度来看，这种互换活动被称作对外贸易；从国际范围来看这种货物和服务互换活动就被称作国际贸易.：p412、对外贸易额又称对外贸易值，它是指一国或地区一定时期进口额与出口额的总和，是反映一国对外贸易规模的重要指标之一，一般以国际上通行的货币表示。
3、对外贸易量就是用来紧固年份为基期排序的进口或出口价格指数回去调整当年的进口或出口额，获得相等于按不变价格排序的进口额或出口额.p42（2021.1，2021.104、）对外贸易依存度.又称对外贸易系数.以一国对外贸易总额同该国gnp或gdp的比率去则表示，用来充分反映一国经济对对外贸易的倚赖程度p465、对外贸易地理方向又称对外贸易地区分布或国别构成，指一定时期内各个国家或国家集团在一国对外贸易中所占有的地位.二选择题1、世界货物出口总额总是大于世界货物进口总额。
原因：出口用fob价（货价，不不含运费保险费），进口用cif价（涵盖运费、保险费），因此从世界范围看看，出口总额进口总额。
2、总贸易体系与专门贸易体系是指贸易国家进行对外货物贸易统计所采用的统计制度，前者以货物通过国境作为统计进出口的标准（世界上大部分国家采用此法），后者以货物通过海关作为标准（欧洲除了英国都用专门贸易体系）3、直接贸易指货物消费国.生产国直接买卖货物的行为；转口贸易也称中转贸易，指货物消费国与生产国通过第三国进行的贸易活动，对第三国而言便是转口贸易；过境贸易指别国出口货物通过本国国境，未经加工改制，在基本保持原状条件下运往另一国的贸易活动p43）4、世界贸易组织列出服务行业包括以下12个部门：商业.通讯.建筑.销售.教育.环境.金融.卫生.旅游.娱乐.运输.其他p45（多选考点。
07.01，0710，08.10，）5、一定时期内一国出口额与进口额之间的差额表示贸易差额.当出口额少于进口额时，为贸易顺差或出与；当进口额少于出口额时，称作贸易逆差或逆差.p46（2021.1，2021.1，2021.10，单选）6、对外贸易按商品形式与内容相同，分成货物贸易与服务贸易.7、对外贸易与国际贸易结构就是指货、.服务在一国进出口或世界贸易中所占到的比重.狭义的对外贸易与国际贸易结构又称对外贸易或国际贸易货物结构；对外贸易货物结构就是所指某大类或某种货物进出口贸易与整个进出口贸易额之比，以份额则表示三简答二战后国际贸易发展的特点是什么？p501、相同阶段，国际贸易增长速度呈现关键性差异。
期末复习（国贸实务）.
期末复习（国贸实务）.第一篇：期末复习(国贸实务).第一、二、三章合同的标的——品质、数量、包装一、单项选择题1、在国际贸易中，造型上有特殊要求或具有色香味方面特征的商品适合于（A）A、凭样品买卖B、凭规格买卖 C、凭等级买卖D、凭产地名称买卖2、若合同规定有品质公差条款，则在公差范围内，买方（A）A、不得拒收货物 B、可以拒收货物 C、可以要求调整价格 D、可以拒收货物也可以要求调整价格 A、克拉 B、盎司 C、长吨 D、司马担7、根据《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定，合同中使用“大约”、“近似”等约量字眼，可解释为交货数量的增减幅度为（B）。
A、不超过5%B、不超过10%C、不超过15%D、由卖方自行决定9、某公司与外商签订了一份出口某商品的合同，合同中规定的出口数量为500吨。
在溢短装条款中规定，允许卖方交货的数量可增减5%，但未对多交部分如何作价给予规定。
卖方依合同规定多交了20吨，根据《公约》的规定，此20吨应按（B）作价。
A、到岸价B、合同价C、离岸价D、议定价10、我国现行的法定计量单位制是（B）。
A、公制B、国际单位制 C、英制 D、美制三、判断解释题1、在出口贸易中，表达品质的方法多种多样，为了明确责任，最好采用既凭样品又凭规格买卖的方法。
(错)2、在出口凭样品成交业务中，为了争取国外客户，便于达成交易，出口企业应尽量选择质量最好的样品请对方确认并签订合同。
（错）3、在约定的品质机动幅度或品质公差范围内的品质差异，除非另有规定，一般不另行增减价格。
(对)4、某外商来电要我方提供大豆，按含油量18%、含水量14%，不完善粒7%，杂质1%的规格订立合同。
对此，在一般条件下，我方可以接受。
（错）5、中国A公司向《公约》缔约国B公司出口大米，合同规定数量为50000公吨，允许卖方可溢短装10%。
A公司在装船时共装了58000公吨，遭到买方拒收。
按公约的规定，买方有权这样做。
（错）6、运输包装上的标志就是指运输标志，也就是通常所说的唛头。
最新国际贸易实务复习资料(整理版)
国际贸易实务复习提纲第一章贸易术语1.国际贸易术语的概念？贸易术语,又称贸易条件、价格术语，是在长期的国际贸易实践中产生的，用来表明商品的价格构成，说明货物交接过程中的买卖双方有关风险、责任和费用的划分问题的专门术语。
（如FOB）2.与贸易术语有关的国际贸易惯例有哪些？关于贸易术语的国际贸易惯例《１９３２年华沙－牛津规则》——国际法协会，1928《１９４１年美国对外贸易定义修订本》——美国九个商业团体，1919《２０1０通则》——国际商会，19363.《2000通则》中FOB的主要内容及注意事项；CFR的内容及各种变形及与CIF的区别、注意事项；CIF术语的注意事项？什么是到达合同？1)《2000通则》中FOB的主要内容及注意事项：FOB（指定装运港），装运港船上交货1、主要内容①买卖双方的义务卖方：将货装到船上（买方指定），或取得已如此交付的货物；承担交货前的费用和风险；办理出口手续；提供商业单据买方：支付价款；租船订舱并通知给卖方；承担交货后的费用和风险；办理进口手续；受领货物并接受单据2、注意事项①卖方代办租船订舱问题以及风险和费用的界定②船货的衔接问题③装货费用的负担问题（即FOB的变形问题）FOB班轮条件；FOB吊钩下交货；FOB包括理舱；FOB包括平舱（注：该变形只是界定装货费用的负担问题，与风险的划分无关。
）2)CFR的内容及各种变形及与CIF的区别、注意事项CFR （指定目的港），成本加运费1、CFR的内容买卖双方的义务卖方：将货装到船上（卖方指定）并通知买方，或取得已如此交付的货物；承担交货前的费用和风险,但负担装运港到目的港的运费；租船或定舱;办理出口手续；提供商业单据买方：支付价款；承担交货后的费用和风险(不包括从装运港到目的港的运费)；办理进口手续；受领货物并接受单据2、CFR各种变形CFR班轮条件；CFR舱底交货；CFR吊钩交货；CFR卸到岸上3、CFR与CIF的区别费用的划分不同,CIF下卖方的承担的费用更多，合同价格也越来越高。
国贸实务复习材料-完整版
CH2⏹明确规定溢短装条款(more or less clause)。
⏹即规定允许卖方多装或少装若干数量，但差异部分不超过成交数量一定百分比的条款。
⏹运输包装的标志主要有运输标志、指示性标志和警告性标志三种。
所谓中性包装（Neutral Packing），是指在出口商品和内外包装上不标明生产国别、地名、生产厂商的包装，即在出口商品包装的内外，都没有原产地和出口厂商的标记。
中性包装可分为无牌中性包装和定牌中性包装。
前者，是指在商品和包装上不注明生产国别，也不使用任何商标或牌名的包装；后者，是指在商品和包装上不注明生产国别，但使用买方指定的商标或牌名的包装。
⏹上海出口公司A与香港公司B成交自行车1000台，由A缮制合同一式两份，其中包装条款规定为“Packed in wooden case”（木箱装）。
将此合同寄至B方，然后由 B签回。
B签回的合同上于原包装条款后加“C.K.D.”字样，但未引起A公司注意。
此后，B公司按合同开证、A公司凭信用证规定制单结汇完毕。
(转下页）⏹货到目的港。
B发现系整台自行车箱装，由于自行车整台进口需多交纳20％进口税。
因此，拒收货物并要求退还货款。
⏹卖方此时才意识到C.K.D.是指COMPLETELY KNOCKED DOWN(完全拆散)，只好认赔。
⏹评析： 1．卖方忽略C．K．D，造成实际装载与合同不符，有不可推卸的责任。
2．卖方虽然已经结汇，但买方仍有拒收货物的权利。
销售包装（Selling Packing），又称小包装或内包装（Inner Packing），是在商品制造出来以后用适当的材料或容器所进行的初次包装。
销售包装的作用主要有：一是保护商品；二是具有美化、宣传商品，便于消费者识别、选购、携带及使用，以及促销的功能。
⏹我某公司出口某种化工原料共500吨，合同规定以“单层新麻袋，每袋50公斤”包装。
但我方装船发货时发现新麻袋装的货物只够450吨，于是剩余50吨货物用一种更结实、价格也较麻袋贵的涂塑麻袋包装，这样做是否妥当？对方是否有权提出索赔？⏹包装是买卖合同中的主要条件之一。
国际贸易理论与实务复习资料版
00149国际贸易理论与实务复习资料--2018年整理版第1章导论1.国际贸易的基本慨念? 【1404单选】P41 一对外贸易与国际贸易1、对外贸易是指一国或地区同别国或地区进行货物和服务交换的活动，是从一个国家的角度来考察这种货物和服务的交换活动。
2、从国际范围来看，这种货物和服务的交换活动，就被称为国际贸易或世界贸易。
二、对外贸易额与对外贸易量【1404单选】2、对外贸易量是用价格指数调整后的贸易额，它剔除了价格变化对贸易额的影响，相当于按照不变价格或固定价格计算的报告期的贸易额，它主要反映贸易规模的状况，使得不同时期的贸易额可以直接进行比较。
对外贸易量二对外贸易额一进/出口商品价格指数三、对外贸易与国际贸易结构【1404 1410 1504计算】1、对外货物贸易结构【1204名词解释】是指一定时期内一国进出口贸易中各类货物的构成，即某大类或某种货物进出口贸易额与整个进出口贸易额之比，以份额表示。
对外货物贸易结构可以划分为出口结构和进口结构两种。
2、国际货物贸易结构【1204单选】是指一定时期内各大类货物或某种货物在整个国际贸易中所占的比重，即各大类货物或某种货物贸易额(进、出口或进出口额)与整个世界贸易额(进、出口或进出口额)的比率。
四、对外贸易与国际贸易地理方向1、对外贸易地理方向【1304名词解释】【1207名词解释】又称对外贸易地区分布或国别构成，是指一定时期内各个国家或国家集团在一国对外贸易中所占的地位，通常以它们在该国进、出口总额或进出口总额中的比重来表示。
世界出口总额总是小于世界进口总额。
2.〔识记〕直接贸易、转口贸易、过境贸易的含义及转口贸易与过境贸易的区别? [1304单选] [1410单选] P43(1)直接贸易是指货物消费国、生产国直接买卖货物的行为。
(2)转口贸易，也称中转贸易，指货物消费国与货物生产国通过第三国进行的贸易活动，对生产国而言，是间接出口贸易;对消费国而言，是间接进口贸易;而对第三国而言，便是转口贸易。
国贸实务复习
一、单项选择1.珠宝、首饰等商品具有独特的性质，在出口确定其品质时（C）A.最好用样品磋商B.最好用文字说明C.做好看货洽谈成交D.最好用图片说明2.凭样品买卖时，如果合同中无其他规定，那么卖方所交货物（B）A.可与样品大致相同B.必须与样品完全一致C.允许有合理公差D.允许在包装规格上有一定幅度的差异3.品质公差主要用于（D）A.农副产品B.初级产品C.土特产品D.工业产品4.在买卖合同的包装条款及有关运输的单据中，涉及到的运输包装上的标志是（C）A.警告性标志B.指示性标志C.运输标志D.条形码标志5.在国际贸易中，运输标志的式样和文字一般由(B)A.买方提供B.卖方提供C.运输部门设计并刷制D.生产经营单位设计并刷制6.根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定，合同成立的时间是（A）A.接受生效的时间B.交易双方签订书面合同时C.在合同获得国家批准时D.当发盘送达收盘人时7.关于逾期接受，《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定是（D）A.逾期接受一律无效B.逾期接受是一个新的发盘C.逾期接受完全有效D.逾期接受是否有效，关键取决于发盘人8.某发盘人在其订约建议中加有“仅供参考”字样，则这一订约建议为（C）A.发盘B.递盘C.邀请发盘D.还盘9.按照《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的解释，有效的接受必须（C）A.以口头或者书面声明方式表示出来B.以某种行为方式表示出来C.以上二者均可D.以上二者须同时具备10.我国甲进出口公司于11月15日上午8:50用电报向美国乙公司发出要约，规定承诺须于11月20日前到达甲公司才有效。
11月18日，甲公司同时接到乙公司的承诺和撤回通知。
根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定，在此情况下（B）A.该合同成立B.该合同不成立C.须甲公司同意乙公司撤回，该合同才不成立D.须甲公司不同意乙公司撤回，该合同才成立二、多项选择题1.构成一项有效的发盘，必须具备下列（ABE）A.发盘应向一个或一个以上特定的人提出B.必须表明发盘人在其发盘一旦被受盘人接受即受约束的意思C.必须规定发盘的有效期D.必须列明各种交易条件E.发盘内容必须十分确定2.根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定，发盘内容必须十分明确，即发盘中应包括下列基本要素（ACD）A.表明货物的名称B.表明交货的时间、地点C.明示或默示地规定货物的数量或确定数量的方法D.明示或默示地规定货物的价格或确定价格的方法E.表明付款的时间和地点3.任何一项发盘，其效力均可在一定条件下终止。
国际贸易理论与实务复习资料
国际贸易理论与实务 第一章1．对外贸易额 =对外贸易出口额 +对外贸易进口额用1,2表示两种产品，K,L 表示资本和劳动，若K1/L1<K2/L2,则称1为劳动密集型产 品, 2 为资本密集型产品，国际贸易出口总额等 于各国的出口总额之和，国际贸易出口总 额等于各国的进口总额之和。
对外贸易出口额一般 对外贸易出口额一般 通常，国际贸易额就 按照 FOB 计算 按照 CIF 计算 是国际贸易出口总额2．净出口：某种商品的出口大于进口净进口：某种商品的 出口小于进口 这两个值表示的是这 种商品在国际贸易中所处的地位。
3．贸易顺差：出口总额大于进口总额贸易逆差：出口总额 小于进口总额这两个是衡量一国对 外贸易情况，经济状况和国际收支情况的 重要指标。
4．总贸易体系：以货物通过国境作为统计 进出口地标准。
专门贸易体系：以货 物经过关境作为统计进出口的标准。
5．对外贸易依存度：又称对外贸易系数， 或者国内生产总值中 所占的比重。
是指一定时期内一国对外贸易额在国民 生产总值第二章1。
亚当•斯密：绝对成本理论创始人，提出国际贸易的分工有好处。
大卫•李嘉图：比较 成本理论创始人，比较成本理论是关于国 际分工和国际贸易的古典经济理论的核心。
根据李嘉图的观点， 国家间分工的原则是“两优取其重，两害 取其轻”2、穆勒已经论证了两国贸易条件互利的范 围是在两国商品国内交换比例的上下限 之间。
3、赫—俄原理：要素禀服说 狭义：生产要素供给 广义：生产要素供给 要素丰裕程度是国际 了基础。
比例说 比例说和要素价格均等化说 贸易中各国 比较优势的基本决定 因素，为以后新贸易理论 的形成奠定4、俄林的主要理论： ①在国际分工中，一 口密集地使用本国稀 个国家应该出口密集地使用本国相对丰富 缺生产要素生产的产品。
的生产要素生产的产品，出如果一个国家劳动丰裕，资本稀缺，应出口劳动密集型产品，进口资本密集型产品。
反之。
② 国际分工—国际贸 易的结果会消除贸易国之间商品价格的差③ 商品贸易的结果可 以实现生产要素在两国间的间接移动，从 能移动的缺陷。
国际贸易实务期末重点复习资料
国际贸易实务期末重点复习资料一、国际贸易基本概念国际贸易是指各个国家之间进行的商品和服务的交流和交易活动。
它是国家之间经济联系的重要形式，也是国际经济交流的重要组成部分。
国际贸易活动的特点包括货物流动性、国际支付、国际贸易政策和国际贸易竞争等。
二、国际贸易主体国际贸易主体包括进口商、出口商和中间商。
进口商是指从其他国家购买产品的企业或个人，出口商是指销售给其他国家的产品的企业或个人，中间商是指在国际贸易中充当中介的企业或个人。
三、国际贸易方式国际贸易方式包括直接贸易和间接贸易。
直接贸易是指买卖双方直接进行产品交换，没有中间商参与；间接贸易是指通过中间商进行买卖双方之间的产品交换。
四、国际贸易支付方式国际贸易支付方式包括现金支付、信用支付和电子支付。
现金支付是指买方在收到货物后直接支付货款；信用支付是指买方和卖方之间通过信用证等付款方式进行支付；电子支付是指通过在线支付平台进行支付。
五、国际贸易制度国际贸易制度包括世贸组织（WTO）和自由贸易区等。
世贸组织是推动国际贸易自由化的重要组织，通过制定贸易规则和解决贸易争端来促进国际贸易的发展。
六、国际贸易保护主义国际贸易保护主义是指国家采取各种手段限制进口，保护本国产业的行为。
常见的贸易保护措施包括关税、配额和非关税壁垒等。
七、国际贸易政策工具国际贸易政策工具包括关税、进口配额、反倾销措施和贸易救济等。
关税是国家向进口商品征收的税款，进口配额是指限制特定商品进口数量，反倾销措施是指对倾销产品进行制裁，贸易救济是指采取临时性保护措施保护本国产业。
八、国际贸易条款国际贸易条款是买卖双方在国际贸易合同中约定的关于交货方式、付款方式、质量要求等方面的规定。
常见的国际贸易条款有FOB、CIF 和EXW等。
九、国际贸易争端解决机制国际贸易争端解决机制包括世贸组织争端解决机制和双边谈判等。
世贸组织争端解决机制是通过争端解决机构对贸易争端进行调查和裁决，实现对争端的解决。
国贸实务复习
一、选择题（10×2’）C 1 、Counter samples can also be called -----A duplicate samplesB sealed samplesC confirmed samplesD reference samplesC 2 、Which of the following clauses is appropriate for a contract of sale by ** ----A The quality of the goods delivered should be the same as the quality as sampleB The quality of the goods delivered should be equal to the quality of sampleC The quality of the goods delivered should be about equal to the quality of sampleD The quality of the goods delivered should be refer to the quality of sampleD 3 、“1000 pairs of shoes” is an example of using ---- specity quantityA weightB lengthC volumeD numberD 4 、----is not frequently used in international tradeA Metric SystemB British SystemC U.S. SystemD French SystemC 5、According to the UCP 600 “about”allows the quantity to be -----more or lessA 3%B 5%C 10%D 15%D 6、A credit stipulated that the quantity of the bulk cargo is 1000M/T and total amount is USD0.9 million .It shows no “more or less clause” and partial shipment is not allowed .According to the UCP 600----A The quantity and total amount of the goods delivered should not increase or decreaseB The quantity and total amount of the goods delivered can be 10% more or lessC The quantity and total amount of the goods delivered can be 5%more or lessD The quantity of the goods delivered can be 5%more or less while and total amount can not exceed USD 0.9 millionB 7、According to the international trade practice, ------ should provide the shipping Marks unless otherwise stipulated in the contractA the issuing bankB the sellersC the buyersD the carrierA 8 、The method suitable for measuring the weight of importing wool is the -----A theoretical weightB conditioned weightC settled by buyers and sellersD dry net weightB 9、If there is no specific provision ,the draft under a letter of credit should draw on ----A advising bankB issuing bankC negotiating bankD applicant10、A standby credit ----A is a documentary creditB is a special clean creditC can be a documentary credit as well as a clean creditD is not a real letter of credit but a letter of guaranteeA 11、If a bank other than the issuing bank guarantees the payment under an L/C ,this L/C is------A a confirmed creditB an irrevocable creditC not-transferable creditD a negotiable creditCB 12、A ----credit is normally used in processing tradeA back to backB revolvingC reciprocalD red clauseB 13、If the exporter finds out mistakes on a received L/C ,he should contact the ----A advising bankB importerC negotiating bankD issuing bankA 14、Your enquiry is having our prompt ____and we hope to make you an offer in a few days.A. attentionB. settlementC. arrangementD. mindB 15、We trust our offer will be ____ to you and await your order.A acceptB accepting C. acceptable D. neededC 16、When an importer intends to make purchases of some goods, he sends a letter of ____to an exporter?A. quotation B offer C. enquiry D. counter offerB 17、If you care to place an order with us any time in the future, you may be assured __B__the same prompt attention which you have had in the past.A. forB. ofC. withD. thatB 18、In reference to your letter, we cannot ___B__a better offer than the one we suggested to youA take B. make C. receive D. holdC 19、After discussing the matter with our Board of Directors, we have decide we can comply ____your request for lower price.A toB onC withD inA 20、In view of the fact that you have bought from us such a volume of office equipment, we should like ____you half way.A meetB give inC give upD haveC 21、we regret that it is not possible to accept the ___price you have offer.A reducingB having reducedC reducedD cuttingC 22、unless you see your way clear to grant us an additional reduction in price, we may have to ____our business with you.A continueB continuingC discontinueD keepB 23、The main documents adopted by the insured to make claims against the insurer is ____A B/LB transportations documentC insurance proposal formD insurance documentC 24、according to “Ocean marine cargo clause of the people’s insurance company of china ”,the coverage which cannot be effected independently is ___A. FPA B WPA C. War Risk D. All RisksD 25、Company A exported 5 metric tons of tea. The tea suffered heavy storm in transit. The seawater in the ship’s hold led to the deterioration in the quality of part of the tea exported. This kind of loss is ___A actual total lossB constructive total loss C. general average D. particular averageC 26、The coverage of ICC (A) is equivalent to that of ___of ICCA.FPAB.WPAC. All RisksD. Additional RisksB 27、Risks such as "failure to delivery risk" or "rejection risk" fall within the category of ____B__.A. general extraneous risksB. special extraneous risksC. natural calamitiesD. fortuitous accidentsA 28、According to CIC of the PICC，the bank coverage that isthe least extensive is _____A_____.A. FPAB. WPAC. All RisksD. War RiskB 29、In the case of air freight if the subject matter insured failed to reach the warehouse of destination stipulated in the insurance policy the expiration of the insurance is __B__A. 15 daysB. 30 daysC. 60daysD.90 daysC 30、Under ___coverage of ICC, only major caution an but not natural calamlties __C_ A. ICC(A) B. ICC(B) C.ICC(C) D. Institute War Clause CargoC 31、A bill of lading is __C__ when its dates of shipment is indicated earlier than the actual time of shipment.A. stale B/LB. confirmed B/LC. ante-dated B/LD. straight B/LD 32、A (an)__D__ represents title to the cargo.A. CTDB. air waybillC. road waybillD. bill of ladingB 33、In the import and export business __B__,can be made out to negotiable document. A. a rail waybill B.an ocean B/LC. an air waybillD. a parcel of post receiptA 34、The bill of lading presented to the consignee or buyer or his bank after the stipulated expiry date of presentation or after the goods are due at the port of destination is a__A__A. stale B/LB. confirmed B/LC. ante-dated B/LD. straight B/LA 35、A “freight to be collected” B/L is acceptable to the buyer when the contract is basedon__A__A. FOBB. CFRC. FCAD. CPTB 36、An order B/L with blank endorsement is a B/L showing__B__A. neither the name of the consignee nor the name of the transferorB. neither the name of the consignee nor the name of the transfereeC. both the name of the consignee and the name of the transferorD. the name of the consignee no name of the transfereeB 37、The disagreement result from one party of a transaction totally or partially unable to perform the obligation and liability stipulated in the contract is___B__.A.claimB.disputeC.breach of contractD.settlement of disputes A 38、Which of the following may possibly result in disputes___A__?A.breakage of the packageB.rising of priceC.fluctuationD.quotaD 39、Which of the following is a clause in a contract and meanwhile a law itself__D__?A.arbitrationB.claimC.disputeD.force majeureC 40、According to usual practice,the penalty of a contract shall not exceed __C__of the totalvalue of the goods?A.3%B.4%C.5%D.5.5%D 41、The best way to stipulate the place and time of inspection is __D____.A.inspection at the factoryB.Inspection at the port of shipmentC.Inspection at the port of destinationD.Inspection at the port of shipment and re-inspection at the port of destinationB 42、Risks such as ‘failure to delivery risk’ or ‘rejection risk’ fall within the category of _____.A.general extraneous risksB.special extraneousC.natural clamitiesD.fortuitous accidentsA 43、According to CIC of the PICC,the basic coverage that is the least extensive is _____. A．FPA B.WPA C.ALL Risks D.War RiskB 44、In the case of air freight,if the subject matter insured failed to reach the warehouse at destination stipulated in the insurance policy,the expiration of the insurance is_____.A.15 daysB.30 daysC.60 daysD.90 daysC 45、Under _____ coverage of ICC,only major casualties are covered,but not natural clamities.A.ICC(A)B.ICC(B)C.ICC(C)D.Insitute War Clause CargoC 46、The main arbitration body in China is__C___.A. MOFTECB. CCPITC.CIETACD.ICCC 47、Force Majeure clause is a clause that ___C__?A. protects the right of the sellerB. protects the right of the buyerC. enables the seller to avoid his contractual obligationsD. enables the buyer to avoid his contractual obligationsB 48、After a dispute, in case that the parties concerned are unable to reach an agreement, they can ask a third party to help settle the dispute. This action is called___B__?A. negotiationB. mediationC. arbitrationD. litigationD 49、Before going for arbitration, both parties involved in dispute needs to make an arbitration agreement in written form, in which they agree to refer the subject in dispute to a third party. This indicates the__D___ nature of arbitration.A. flexibleB. simplifiedC. compulsoryD. voluntaryC 50、The award of arbitration is final and binding on both parties. This shows the __C___ nature of arbitration.A. flexibleB. swiftC. compulsoryD. voluntaryC 51、After discussing the matter with our Board of Directors, we have decided we can comply _____ your request for lower prices.A. toB. onC. withD. inA 52、In view of the fact that you have bought from us such a volume of office equipment, we would like to _____ you half way.A. meetB. give inC. give upD. haveC 53、We regret that it is not possible to accept the _____ price you offer.A. reducingB. having reducedC. reducedD. cuttingC 54、Unless you see your way clear to grant us an addition reduction in price, we may have to_____ our business with you.A. continueB. continuingC. discontinueD. keepC 55、The draft used in collection is .A. a banker’s draft, based on bank creditB. a commercial draft, based on commercial creditC. a banker’s draft, based on commercial creditD. a commercial draft, based on bank creditC 56、Under collection once the importer refuses to pay, the will beresponsible for the cargo release, customs clearance, warehousing, and reselling in the importing country.A. draweeB. collecting bankC. principalD. presenting bankD 57、The bill of collection used in D/A must be a .A. sight billB. bank billC. bank accepted billD. usance billA 58、Which of the following statements is NOT true about remittance?A. It provides highest securlty to the buyer but not the seller.B. It is cheaper to use than the other terms of payment.C. It is based on commercial credit, not bank credit.D. It may impose high risk either to the buyer or to the seller.二、判断（10×2’）T 1 For a confirmed credit ,the confirming bank holds the same liability as the issuing bankT 2 A letter of credit which does not indicate whether it is revocable or not is regarded as irrevocableF 3 A letter of credit not mentioning it is non-transferable will be seen as tansferableT 4 Since under L/C the seller get payment from a party indepent of the buyer ,it is safest mode for himF 5 Dishonor only refers to the rejection to the presentation for payment ,but not rejection to the presention for acceptanceT 6 In international trade ,ti is always necessary for the seller to urge the buyer to open the covering L/C in good timeT 7 When the buyer falls to issue the coving L/C whithin the specified time of the contract,the seller holds the rights of declaring the contract avoidF 8 When the contract requires ayment to be effected in US dollar,the relevant L/C may choose to effect payment in RMBT 9 If the L/C prohibits partial shipment and the goods are shipped in full quantity with the price not reduced ,a short drawing of 5 percent in the amount is permissibleF 10 When the L/C stipulates that the quantity of goods must not be more or less than the prescribed quantity,the seller may still have the right of delivering 5 percent more or lessF 11 According to the UCP500,a freely negotiable credit must stipulate a place for presentation of documents for negotiationF 12 According to Article 43 of the UCP500,when the shipment date and the expiry date of L/C are August and September 15 respectively,the beneficciary may be present the documents between Semptember 16 and 20 because these dates have not exceeded a period of 21 daysF 13 When the goods are posted,the latest date of shipment refers to the date of Post Receipt F 14 If the Issuing Bank appoints the Bank of China as its Advising Bank of L/C,then the Issuing Bank of L/C ,then the issuing bank may ask the bank of Asia to advise amendments to the L/CT 15_The beneficiary of a letter of credit may indicate his acceptance or rejection of the amendments till when he presents the relevant documents.T 16_In our country goods for export must go through customs clearance.F 17__According to UCP600,if documents are in correspondence with L./C’s stipulations,discrepancles between the documents themselves are allowed.F 18__Banks will refuse to pay if the documents whick are not required by the L/C are presented to them.F 19_When documents are presented to the Opening Bank,they shall be examined carefully within one month.F 20_As an L/C beneficiary,the buyer must act on any suggestions written in the L/C even if they are not documents.T 21_If a letter of credit stipulates some conditions but does not require the related documents,the banks may disregard them as not stated.T 22_According to the UCP600,Commercial Invoice must be issued by the beneficiary named in the L/C.T 23_The beneficiary of a letter of credit may choose to present one copy of the Insurance Policy if it has more than one original copy.F 24. In marine cargo insurance, general average is to be born by the carrier, who may, upon presentation of evidence of the loss, recover the loss from the insurance underwriter.F 25. In Chinese insurance practice, open policy is the same as the insurance certificate.T 26. Special additional coverages such as war risks, strikes and so on must be taken out together with FPA, WPA or All Risks.F 27. In ocean marine insurance, natural calamities include heavy weather, earthquake, tsunami, flood, collision, etc.T 28. The coverage of Land transportation Risk and Air transportation Risk are almost equivalent to WPA in marine cargo insurance.F 29. Ocean marine insurance covers ships and their cargo only on the high seas and not on inland waterways.F 30.Subrogation Principle states that in the event of loss of or damage to the subject matter insured resulting from an insured peril, the insured is placed in the same position that he enjoyed immediately before the loss occurred.T 31.The 10% markup rate of the commercial invoice value in an insurance policy is to cover an anticipated profit as well as other additional costs involved.T 32.Under a deductible franchise, where the loss or damage exceeds the percentage allowed, the insurance company needs merely indemnify the exceeding part to the insured.F 33.The claimant is the party who suffers loss of or damage to the subject matter insured by himself.T 34. Liner freight has covered the loading and unloading fee.F 35.When the ship-owner speeds up his ship and arrives at the destination at earlier date than stipulated, he can obtain dispatch money from the chartererT 36.When the charterer fails to load or unload the goods within the stipulated period of time,he has to pay demurrage to the ship ownerF 37.Ocean B/L, air waybills and rail waybills are property documents presenting title to cargoes, so they are all negotiable.T 38.Bill of Lading are usually made out in a full set including several originals and copies.F 39.A clean B/L is issued by the seller to the buyer to certify the goods delivered are in apparent goods condition.F 40.In international trade practice, the time of shipment is actually the timeof delivery. T 41.Sometimes when the buyer cannot determine a specific port of discharge during negotiation,he may require two or three ports to be written on the contract as optional ports.T 42.UCP600 stipulated that partial shipment and transshipment are allowed unlessit is stipulated otherwise.T 43.According to usual international trade practice,buyers lose the right to claim for damage if they have processed or resold the goods.T 44.Reasons resulting in disputes in international trade can be classified into three categories:breach of contract by the seller,breach of contract by the buyer and breach of contract by both the seller and the buyer.F 45.One of the ways to stipulate period for claim is:”Claim should be filed within 90 days after shipment”.T 46.Inspection on import and export commodities in china falls into two categories:statutory inspection and non-statutory inspection.F_47.If a claim is well supported,the claimant shall pay a fine,a certain percentage of total contract value.T 48. The best way to stipulate force majeure events in the force majeure clause of a contract isto stipulate the in a synthesized way.F 49. The arbitration award in final and binding on both parties, therefore should be executed without any doubt.F 50. There are two main types of arbitration body: governmental and non- governmental.T 51. The main ways to settle disputes in international trade are negotiation, mediation, arbitration and litigation.F 52.The arbitration tribunal has the power to decide that the losing party shall pay the winning party the arbitration fee incurred in dealing with the case.F 53. When a force majeure event takes place, the party concerned has no choice but to terminate the contract.F 54. If the remittance is made by a banker’s demand draft, this payment is based on bank credit.F 55. Using a third currency in collecting payments is the best protection against currency risk for the seller,T 56. Open account and payment in advance indicate the minimum and maximum risk for the importer.T 57. Under collection though the seller collects payment through banks, it is not guaranteed that he will receive the money as collection is still based on commercial credit.F 58. In international trade clean collection is more frequently used than documentary collection.三、简答（8×2’）[贸易磋商（接受有附加条件）、品质条款（品质公差与机动幅度）]四、合同完善（14’）①Commodity: Christmas Toys as per buyer’s sample No.21-45 send on May,1,2012.②Quantity:3000 dozen in one 20’ container③Packing: Each in a poly bag and ten in an export carton total 300 cartons④Shipment :To be effected on or before Sept.30th,2012 and shall reach the destination before Nov,15th ,falling which the buyer reserve the right to rescind without further notice. From to partial shipment allowed and transshipment unallowed.⑤Price terms :At USD 25.00 per dozen CIF New York （记住有四部分）⑥Payment : The buyer should open irrevocable L/C at sight through a bank acceptable by seller. It should reached seller 30 days before date of shipment. Stipulating 50% invoice of value against clean draft at sight and remain 50% on D/P at 30 days sight.（备注：红色下划线代表要完善的内容，删除线代表去除。
国贸实务期末复习
贸易术语复习重点1)货物的交付2)风险的转移3)主要费用的划分4)通关手续的办理5)适合的运输方式一、装运港船上交货FOB（free on board)装运港船上交货（装运港）离岸价1)装运港船上交货。
2)卖方在装运港将货物交到买方所派船上，风险转移。
3)卖方：交货前各项费用（包括出口关税、其他费用）买方：交货后各项费用（装运港到目的港运费、进口关税及其他）4)卖方：出口许可证及其他官方批准证件，办理出口所需海关手续买方：进口许可证及其他官方批准证件，办理进口和从第三国过境所需海关手续5)水上运输。
CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费（目的港）1)卖方将货物运到装运港自己安排的船只上，或以取得已装船证明2)卖方在装运港完成交货义务，风险转移。
3)卖方：FOB+装运港到目的港的运费和相关费用买方：交货后各项费用（进口关税及其他）4)卖方：出口许可证及其他官方批准证件，办理出口所需海关手续买方：进口许可证及其他官方批准证件，办理进口和从第三国过境所需海关手续。
5)水上运输。
CIF(cost insurance and freight)成本加保险费、运费（目的港）只从价格考虑为到岸价1)卖方将货物运到装运港自己安排的船只上，或以取得已装船证明2)卖方在装运港完成交货义务，风险转移。
3）卖方：FOB+装运港到目的港的运费和相关费用+水上运输保险费买方：交货后各项费用（进口关税及其他）4）卖方：出口许可证及其他官方批准证件，办理出口所需海关手续买方：进口许可证及其他官方批准证件，办理进口和从第三国过境所需海关手续。
5)水上运输。
二、货交承运人FCA（free carrier)货交承运人（指定交货地）1)货交买方指定承运人2)货交承运人，风险转移3）卖方：交货前各项费用（包括出口关税、其他费用）买方：交货后各项费用（承运的运费、进口关税及其他）4）卖方：出口许可证及其他官方批准证件，办理出口所需海关手续买方：进口许可证及其他官方批准证件，办理进口和从第三国过境所需海关手续。