美国国会中英文对照简介
【珍藏】美国政府结构名称中英文对照
【珍藏】美国政府结构名称中英文对照GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES美国政府CONSTITUTION宪法一、LEGISLATIVE BRANCH立法部门Congress国会Senate参议院House of Representatives众议院Architect of the Capitol国会大厦Congressional Budget Office国会预算办公室General Accounting Office总会计署Government Printing Office印刷局Library of Congress美国国会图书馆Office of Technology Assessment国会技术评估办公室Stennis Center for Public Service ：Stennis公众服务中心二、EXECUTIVE BRANCH行政部门President总统Vice President副总统Executive Office of the President总统行政办公室Council of Economic Advisers总统经济顾问委员会Council on Environmental Quality总统环境质量委员会National Economic Council国家经济委员会National Security Council国家安全委员会Office of Management and Budget管理与预算办公室Office of National AIDS Policy国家艾滋病政策办公室Office of National Drug Control Policy国家麻醉品控制政策办公室Office of Science and Technology Policy科技政策办公室President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Boa rd总统国外情报顾问委员会U.S. Trade Representative美国贸易代表White House Office for Women’s Initiatives and Out reach 白宫妇女办公室Department of Agriculture农业部Department of Commerce商业部Department of Defense国防部Department of Education教育部Department of Energy能源部Department of Health and Human Services卫生和公共事业部Department of Housing and Urban Development住宅与城市发展部Department of the Interior内务部Department of Justice司法部Department of Labor劳工部Department of State国务院Department of Transportation交通部Department of the Treasury财政部Department of Veterans Affairs退伍军人事务部Independent Establishments, Government Corporations, and Quasi-official Agencie s独立机构、政府法人社团和半官方中介机构Advisory Council on Historic Preservation历史保护咨询委员会Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局Commission on Civil Rights民权委员会Commodity Futures Trading Commission商品期货贸易委员会Consumer Product Safety Commission消费者产品安全委员会Corporation for National Service国家服务团Environmental Protection Agency环保局Equal Employment Opportunity Commission平等就业机会委员会Export-Import Bank of the United States美国进出口银行FarmCredit Administration农业信贷管理局Federal Communications Commission联邦通讯委员会Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation联邦储蓄保险公司Federal Election Commission联邦选举委员会Federal Emergency Management Agency联邦紧急事务管理局Federal Labor Relations Authority联邦劳工关系局Federal Maritime Commission联邦海事委员会Federal Reserve System联邦储备银行系统Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board联邦退休储蓄和投资委员会Federal Trade Commission联邦贸易委员会General Services Administration总务管理局Merit Systems Protection Board功绩制保护委员会National Aeronautics and Space Administration国家航空航天局National Archives and Records Administration国家档案局National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities国家艺术人文基金会National Labor Relations Board国家劳工关系委员会National Railroad Passenger Corporation国家铁路客运公司National Performance Review国家绩效评估委员会National Science Foundation国家科学基金会National Transportation Safety Board国家交通安全委员会Nuclear Regulatory Commission核管理委员会Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission职业安全与健康管理局Office of Government Ethics政府道德办公室Office of Personnel Management人事管理办公室Office of Special Counsel特别检察官办公室Overseas Private Investment Corporation海外私人投资公司Peace Corps和平队Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation养老金受益担保公司Postal Rate Commission邮政费率委员会Railroad Retirement Board铁道职工退休委员会Securities and Exchange Commission证券交易委员会Selective Service System义务兵役管理部Small Business Administration小企业主利益保护局Smithsonian Institution史密森学会Social Security Administration社会保障部Tennessee Valley Authority田纳西州河谷授权委员会U.S. Agency for International Development美国国际开发署U.S. International Trade Commission美国国际贸易委员会U.S. Postal Service美国邮政服务局U.S. Trade and Development Agency美国贸易及发展署Voice of America美国之音三、JUDICIAL BRANCH司法机构Supreme Court最高法院U.S. Courts of Appeals美国地区法院U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit美国联邦巡回地区法院U.S. District Courts联邦地方法院U.S. Court of Federal Claims联邦申诉法庭U.S. Court of International Trade国际贸易法院U.S. Tax Court税务法院U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces武装部队地区法院U.S. Court of Veterans Appeals退伍军人地区法院Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts美国法院行政管理办公室Federal Judicial Center联邦司法中心。
英国议会和美国国会区别中英文
What are the major differences between the US parliament and the UK parliament?1.First, although the United States Congress and the British Parliament both are bicameral systems,they are different in composition. The US Congress is divided into the Senate and house of Representatives. The most obvious difference between the Senate and the house is their size. There are 435 members in the house of Representatives, but the number of senators is 100. The British Parliament is divided into the house of Lords and the house of Commons. Members of the house of Lords are usually British nobles and members of the house of Commons are civilians.首先，美国国会和英国议会虽然都是两院制，但是两院的组成不同。
美国国会分为参议院和众议院。
参议院和众议院最明显的差别是它们的大小。
众议院中有各州众议院议员435名，而参议员来自50个州，为数100名。
英国议会分为上议院和下议院。
上议院成员都是英国贵族，下议院成员都是平民。
2.There are more than 1000 members of the British Parliament and the United States Congress hasonly 535 members. No matter the number of people in the two chambers or the total number, they are much less than in Britain.英国上下院共一千多人，美国国会共535人，不论各院人数还是总人数，都比英国要少的多。
英美政府机关名称中英对照
Institution 机关；机构Congress 国会court 法院；法庭Constitution 宪法Amendment 修正案；修订案the Bill of Rights (美)人权法案ambassador 大使；使节envoy 使节embassy 大使馆federalism 联邦主义；联邦制度the Supreme Court （美）最高法院the Cabinet 内阁bicameralism 两院制the chamber 议院the Senate 参议院impeachment 弹劾parliament 议会the House of Representatives 众议院the district courts 地方法院levy tax 征税the courts of appeals 上诉法院Democrat 民主党员two-party system 两党制Republican 共和党员Democratic party 民主党platform（美）政党竞选纲领Libertarian 自由党者Department of Justice 司法部jury Socialist 社会党员government intervention 政府干预global economy 全球经济Monetary and fiscal policies 财政政策protectionist 保护贸易论tariff 关税foreign affairs 外交magistrate （张有司法权的）行政长官；治安法官administration 政府intermediate courts of appeals 中级上诉法院agenda 议事日程appellate court of last resort 最终求助上诉法院arbitration 仲裁bill 议案cabinet 内阁Capitol Hill 美国国会checks and balances 权力制衡committee 委员会cold war 冷战congressional record 国会记事录convention 政党代表大会federal reserve system 联邦储备系统First Amendment 第一修正案floor 议员席foreign policy 外交政策governor 州长;省长；镇长incumbent 现任者Internal Revenue Service(IRS)（美国）国内收入署left-wing 左翼legislation 立法Pentagon 五角大楼President 总统primary 初选Prime Minister 首相shirtsleeve diplomacy 非正式外交diplomat 外交官socialism 社会主义imperialism 帝国主义speaker 众院议长subcommittee 小组委员会revolution 革命amnesty 赦免apartheid 种族隔离arms race 军备竞赛balance of power 力量均势banishment 驱逐bilateralism 双边关系Common Market 公共市场communism 共产主义confederation 联邦consul 领事consulate 领事；领事馆courier 外交信使delegate 代表developing nation 发展中国家dictatorship 独裁human rights 人权diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权AIDS SARS respire respiratory conspire inspire Disarmament 裁军draft 征兵propaganda politician politics statesman dragon dry winenews reader announcer news anchor anchorage talk show host guest moderatorpresenter ceremony master M.C. emcee coined wordInternational Court of Justice 国际法庭international law 国际法internationalism 国际主义interpreter 议员Kremlin 克里姆林宫league 联盟multilateralism 多边主义nationalism 国家主义；民族主义nationality 国籍；民族neutrality 中立NATO= The North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北约premier 总理Peaceful coexistence 和平共处police state 极权国家refugees 难民Secretary of state 国务卿Security Council 安理会sovereignty 主权summit 峰会；首脑会议superpower 超级大国terrorism 恐怖主义totalitarianism 极权主义unilateralism 单边行动war games 军事演习National Security Council 国家安全委员会the Treasury (英国)财政部Her Majesty’s Government （英国）女王陛下政府the civil service 文官部；文职部门First Lord of Treasury （英国）首席财政大臣Minister for the Civil Service （英国）文官部大臣The Chancellor of the Exchequer\the Chancellor （英国）财政大臣The secretary of state for Home Affairs\the Home Secretary （英国）内务大臣The Secretary of state for Defense\ the Defense Secretary （英国）国防大臣Secretary of State （英国）国务大臣state government （美国）州政府The Federal Government (美国)联邦政府general assembly （美国）州议会Military government 军人政府dictator 专政者；独裁者provisional government 临时政府political pluralism 政治多元化national government 国民政府the White House 白宫radical party 激进党conservative party 保守党the judiciary 司法部门law-enforcement official 司法官员Act of Parliament 议会法案Agency 政府分支机构magistrate\Justice of the Peace地方法官；治安法官administration 行政当局anarchism 无政府主义antigovernment 反政府的anarchy 无政府状态appoint 任命asylum 政治避难authorities 当局；官方chauvinism 沙文主义CIA=Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局Donkey 驴（指代美国民主党）Downing Street 唐宁街（英国政府或首相府）Elephant 象（指代美国共和党）Elysee Palace 爱丽舍宫（法国政府或总统府）FBI=Federal Bureau of Investigation （美）联邦调查局Foggy Bottom 雾谷（指代美国国务院）The Department of the Interior （美）内政部the Secretary of the Interior （美）内政部长Joint Intelligence Service （英）联合情报委员会Communications Intelligence 通讯情报处Defense Intelligence Staff 国防情报处plenary （指会议）全体出席的Plenary session 全会white paper 白皮书（政府真是报告）Chairman （中、朝等国）主席，委员长，议长king (丹麦等国)国王chancellor（英）大臣；（德等一些欧洲国家）总理mayor 市长the Chancellor of the Exchequer (英)财政大臣the Minister of Education 教育部长the Minister of Foreign Affairs 外交部长the Prime Minister 首相，总理，行政院长parliamentarian （国会）议员politician 政客premiership 总理、首相之任期president （中）国家主席，（美等国）总统secretary of state 国务卿 a Cabinet Minister 内阁大臣a cabinet member\officer 阁员Chamber of Deputies （意大利）众议院Congress 美国国会the Senate 参议院The House of Representative 众议院（the House）House Representative 众议员Member of Congress 国会议员Department of State （美）国务院Council of State （印）联邦院（上院）House of the People 人民院（下院）Federal Assembly （德）联邦议院Federal Council (德)联邦参议院Indian National Congress 印度国民大会党LD=Liberal Democracy （法）自由民主党KPRF=Communist Party of the Russian Federation （俄）联邦共产党LDP=Liberal Democratic Party （日）自民党National Assembly （法、波兰等国）国会Parliament 英国议会the House of Parliament 上下两院The House of Lord 上议院Lord High Chancellor 议长Lords Spiritual 上议院神职人员（高级神职人员）Lord Temporal 上议院世俗议员（柜组成员）The House of Commons 下议院（Lower House）Member of Parliament 下议院People’s Party （印度等国）人民党PS=Socialist Party （法）社会党Buckingham 白金汉宫（指代英国皇室）crown prince 皇太子，王储Czar(Tzar)（俄国）沙皇barnstorm (尤美)巡回演说ASEAN=Association of Southeast Asian Nation 东南亚国家联盟Asian-African Conference 亚非会议Commonwealth 英联邦ASPAC=Asian and Pacific Council 亚洲及太平洋理事会CAEC=Council for Asia-Europe Cooperation 亚欧合作理事会CSCAP=Council on Security Cooperation on Asia and Pacific Region 亚太安全合作理事会EAC=East African Community 东非共同体ECHR=European Commission of Human Rights 欧洲人权委员会EU=European Union 欧洲联盟G7=Group of Seven 七国集团（八国集团的前身）G8 summit 八国峰会NACC=North Atlantic Cooperation Council 北大西洋合作理事会NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织NC=Nordic Council 北欧理事会OIC=Organization of the Islamic Conference 伊斯兰会议组织OSPAALA=Organization of Solidarity of the people of Africa, Asia and Latin American亚非拉人民团结组织WPC=World Peace Council 世界和平理事会South-South Conference 南南会议WEU=Western European Union 西欧联盟UNESCO=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织WHO=World Heath Organization 世界卫生组织IMF=International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织The people's Republic of China (P. R. China) 中华人民共和国Province (Hebei Province) 省Prefecture (Cangzhou Prefecture) 区Municipality (Beijing Municipality) 市City (Cangzhou City) 市County (Cangxian County) 县Autonomous 自治(Autonomous District [ Prefecture/ County]) Capital (Provincial Capital) 省会Communist Party of China 中国共产党National Party Congress 全国代表大会Fifteenth National Congress 第十五次全国代表大会(十五大)First Plenary Session 第一届中央全会(一中全会)Central Committee 中央委员会member of the Central Committee 中央委员alternate member of the Central Committee 候补中央委员Political Bureau 政治局member of the Political Bureau 政治局委员alternate member of the Political Bureau 政治局候补委员Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常务委员会member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常委Secretariat of the Central Committee 中央书记处General Secretary 总书记Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 中央纪律检查委员会Military Commission of the Central Committee 中央军事委员会International Liaison Department 对外联络部Organization Department 组织部United Front Work Department 统战部Propaganda Department 宣传部State President 国家主席President of PRC 中华人民共和国主席Vice President of PRC 中华人民共和国副主席National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 委员长Vice Chairpersons 副委员长Members of the NPC Standing Committee 常务委员会委员Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Chairman 主席Vice Chairman 副主席CMC Members 委员Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院President 最高人民法院院长Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检察院Procurator-General 最高人民检察院检察长State Council 国务院Premier 总理Vice Premier 副总理State Councillors 国务委员Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Ministry of National Defense 国防部State Development Planning Commission 国家发展计划委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 国家经济贸易委员会Ministry of Education 教育部Ministry of Science and Technology 科学技术部Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense 国防科学技术工业委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of State Security 安全部Ministry of Supervision 监察部Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部Ministry of Justice 司法部Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Personnel 人事部Ministry of Labor and Social Security 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources 国土资源部Ministry of Construction 建设部Ministry of Railways 铁道部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications 信息产业部Ministry of Water Resources 水利部Ministry of Agriculture 农业部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Culture 文化部Ministry of Health 卫生部State Family Planning Commission 国家计划生育委员会People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Auditing Administration 审计署Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议National Committee 全国委员会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 主席Vice-Chairpersons 副主席democratic party 民主党派Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang 中国国民党革命委员会（民革）China Democratic League 中国民主同盟（民盟）China Democratic National Construction Association 中国民主建国会（民建）China Association Promoting Democracy 中国民主促进会（民进）Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party 中国农工民主党China Zhi Gong Dang 中国致公党Jiu San Society 九三学社Taiwan Democratic self-government 台湾民主自治同盟（台盟）people's organization 人民团体All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中华全国总工会（全总）Communist Youth League of China 中国共产主义青年团（共青团All-China Federation of Youth 中华全国青年联合会（全国青联）All-China Students' Federation 中华全国学生联合会（全国学联）China Young Pioneers 中国少年先锋队（少先队）All-China Women's Federation 中华全国妇女联合会（全国妇联）China Association for Science and Technology 中国科学技术协会（中国科协）China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中国文学艺术界联合会（文联）All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中华全国归国华侨联合会（全国侨联）China Welfare Institute 中国福利会Red Cross Society of China 中国红十字会Chinese People's Liberation Army 中国人民解放军Headquarters of the General Staff 总参谋部General Political Department 总政治部General Logistics Department 总后勤部General Armament Department 总装备部State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会。
us congress名词解释英语国家概况
US Congress（美国国会）是美国的立法机构，由两个议院组成：众议院和参议院。
众议院由代表各州人民利益的成员组成，其成员根据各州的人口数量进行分配。
而参议院，则由各州两名参议员组成，每个州平等地拥有两名参议员。
美国国会拥有制定法律、制定财政预算、监督行政机构的权力。
它也在国家政治中扮演着非常重要的角色，特别是在外交政策和国家安全事务上。
国会的议员由选举产生，任期为两年（众议院）或六年（参议院）。
作为英语国家的一部分，美国国会在英国殖民地时期就已经存在。
直到美国独立后，国会的存在才得到正式确认并成为美国政府的核心机构。
美国国会的建立是为了反映各州之间的联邦制度，确保联邦政府的正当性和合法性。
在美国国会中，议员们代表着各自的选民，他们负责确保立法过程的公正性和透明度。
国会议员必须就各种议题进行辩论和协商，以找到最终的共识并通过法案。
他们也要监督政府的行为，确保政府不滥用权力，维护国家的稳定和繁荣。
在我看来，美国国会是美国政治体系中不可或缺的一部分。
它代表着美国人民的利益，同时也是美国民主制度的重要保障。
通过国会的工作，各州的声音可以得到平等的体现，各种权益可以得到平等的保护。
这种平等和民主的机制，是美国政治文明的体现，也是美国成为世界强国的重要支撑。
总结而言，美国国会作为美国政治的核心机构，承担着重要的立法、财政和监督职责。
它不仅是美国政治制度的基石，也是美国民主制度的典范。
无论是对于美国国内政治的稳定与发展，还是对世界政治的影响力，美国国会都具有重要意义。
希望这篇文章能够帮助你更深入地了解美国国会及其在美国政治中的作用。
如果你还有任何疑问或需要进一步探讨，欢迎与我交流讨论。
美国国会的历史可以追溯到美国独立前后的时期。
在英国殖民地时期，美国的立法机构主要是殖民地议会，他们负责管理殖民地的内政事务。
然而，随着美国独立战争的进行，对英国的统治逐渐变得不满情绪高涨，美国人民开始追求独立和自由。
1776年，美国宣布独立，成立了首届大陆议会，为后来的美国国会奠定了基础。
美国国会名词解释
美国国会名词解释Congress of the United States, the legislative branch of the federal government, instituted (1789) by Article 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which prescribes its membership and defines its powers. Congress is composed of two houses-the Senate and the House of Representatives.The SenateThe senators, two from each state, have six-year terms and were chosen by the state legislatures until 1913, when the Seventeenth Amendment, providing for their direct popular election, went into effect. Actually, many states, especially in the West, had already in effect adopted this reform through the use of the direct primary. The terms of one third of the senators expire every two years. A senator must be at least 30 years old, a U.S. citizen of not less than nine years standing, and a resident of the state in which he or she is elected. The Senate is presided over by the vice president of the United States, who has no part in its deliberations and may vote only in case of a tie; in his absence his duties are assumed by a president pro tempore, elected by the Senate.The House of RepresentativesMembers of the House of Representatives are apportioned among the states according to their populations in the federal census. Every state is entitled to at least one representative. States that are entitled only to one (currently Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming) have a representative at large, i.e., one elected by the whole state. The legislatures of those states entitled to more than one representative have been required since 1842 to divide theirstates into congressional districts. Representatives are chosen for two-year terms, and the entire body comes up for reelection every two years. A representative must be 25 or older, a U.S. citizen of at least seven years standing, and a resident of the state in which he or she is elected. Although without a vote (except on the committees on which they serve), one resident commissioner from Puerto Rico (elected for a four-year term) and one delegate each from the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands (elected for two-year terms) sit in the House. The presiding officer of the House, the speaker, is elected by the members of the House and may designate any member of the House to act in his absence. In 1910 a revolt against the powerful speaker, Joseph Gurney Cannon, resulted in the transfer of much of the power and influence of that office to the House committees. The reforms of the mid-1970s, however, modified seniority rules and gave committee members and the speaker more powers, and changes introduced in the mid-1990s by the Republicans further reduced the influence of seniority and concentrated more power in the speaker and other members of the majority leadership.Responsibilities of CongressThe most important responsibility of Congress is that of making the laws of the United States. In both houses the work of preparing and considering legislation is done by standing committees, and in addition there are special committees in each house as well as joint committees with bicameral membership. The two houses have an equal voice in legislation, but revenue bills must originate in the House of Representatives. Bills, after having been passed by each house separately, must be signed by the president of the United States within 10 days of theirsubmission, or they become law automatically, unless Congress is not in session. If vetoed by the president, a bill may become law only by its repassage by a two-thirds majority in each house. The Constitution requires a regular annual meeting of Congress, which, since the passage of the Twentieth Amendment in 1933, begins on Jan. 3 each year. The president may call an extra session of Congress or of either house. The proceedings of each house are recorded in the Congressional Record.Only the House of Representatives may impeach the president or other federal officers and the Senate alone has the authority to try impeachments, but each house is the judge of the qualifications of its own members. The Senate must ratify all treaties by a two-thirds vote and confirm important presidential appointments to office, including cabinet members, judges of federal courts, and high-ranking officers of the armed forces. Because of this and because it is the smaller body and its members enjoy longer terms of office and virtually unlimited debate, the Senate is regarded as the more powerful of the two houses.Congress, as a whole, reached the zenith of its power during Reconstruction. Throughout its history many critics have charged that Congress operates under antiquated machinery and processes that are inadequate. Procedural reforms proposed have included the adoption of a rule of relevancy in Senate debate, employing joint hearings on similar bills, liberalizing the methods by which a bill may be discharged from committee for consideration, and abolishing seniority as the basis for committee chairmanships.BibliographySee R. Dadson, The Role of the Congressman (1969); N. W.Polsby, Congress and the Presidency(2d ed. 1971); L. Fisher, President and Congress(1972); A. Clausen, How Congressmen Decide(1973); J. Kingdon, Congressmen's Voting Decisions (1973); R. Goehlert and J. Sayre, The United States Congress (1981); J. L. Sundquist, The Decline and Resurgence of Congress (1981); M. A. Peterson, Legislating Together: The White House and Capitol Hill From Eisenhower to Reagan (1990); D. R. Mayhew, Divided We Govern (1991).。
Congress,UnitedStates美国国会
• The Specific Powers • The Implied Powers
The Specific Powers
• The rights to collect taxes,regulate foreign and domestic commerce,coin money,declare war,support an army and navy,and establish lower federal courts.
Congress,United States 美国国会
Separation of Powers 三权分立
Legislative power to congress 立法权利归国会 Executive power to government 行政权归美国政府 Judicial power to court 司法权归法院
• 收税的权利，规范外资和国内商业，硬币钱，宣 战，支持陆军和海军，并建立下级联邦法院。 国会可以承认新的国家联盟，提出宪法修正案， 收集联邦所得税，并执行民事权利的保护和扩展 的。
The Implied Powers
• They derive from the right of the Congress to make all laws “necessary and proper “ to carry out its specific powers.
• 他们来自国会的权利，使所有的法律“必 要和适当”，以进行其特定的权力。
Thanks for your attention
Compose of congress
the House of Representatives 众议院
美国政体 - 副本
பைடு நூலகம்
The federal government is composed of three branches:
Legislative • Judicial • Executive
•
Legislative（立法）
The United States Capitol(国会大厦), which houses the United States Congress.(美国国会)
Checks and Balances
制约与平衡的原则 One power scrutinizing the other of the three-part national government works to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another. 这个原则的确立是为了防止专制。但在实 施过程中出现了不少问题,比如联邦调查 局及中央情报局侵犯人权的事常有发生, 也没有得到制约。
Two Major Political Parties(驴象之争)
the donkey(驴) and the elephant(象)
Two Major Political Parties
The Democratic Party(民主党), which is thought to be more liberal and the symbol of which is the donkey (Under President Franklin Roosevelt’s “New Deal”, Democrats set up government programs that provided paid employment for people building dams and roads and public buildings and Social Security社会保障制度, which ensures that those who are retired or disabled receive monthly payments from the government )
美国国会 杜梦雅
2 The US Capitol
The reconstruction
Not long after the completion of both wings, the Capitol was partially burned by the British on August 24, 1814, during the War of 1812. George Bomford, and Joseph Gardner Swift, both military engineers, were called upon to help rebuild the Capitol. Reconstruction began in 1815 and was completed by 1819. Construction continued through to 1826, with the addition of the center Rotunda area and the first dome of the Capitol. Latrobe is principally connected with the original construction and many innovative interior features; his successor, Bulfinch, also played a major role, such as the design of the first dome.
The US Congress
1
Introduction
The United States Congress is the bicameral
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Congress
Task：
Exercise legislative
任务
行使立法权
Separation of powers
1.Legislative power to congress
2.Legalenforcement power to government
3.Judicial power to court
三权分立：
1.立法权力归国会
2.执法司法权力归法院
3.权力归美国政府The House of Representative
组成
参议院
众议院
Speaker of Senate
TheVice-Presidentof the United State shall be President of Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.
参议院议长
参议院议长由美国副总统担任，但他只是主持会议，没有投票权，只有当投票结果为双方相等时，他才有权将自己的一票投到自己认为合适的一方
House Speaker
All representatives elected
众议院议长
由全体众议员选举产生
Senator
The senator is eligible must be at least30Years of age, have U. S. citizenship must be more than 9 years, the election must be residents of the state election.
国会权利
明示权利
参议员
参议员的资格是必须年满30周岁，具有美国国籍必须超过9年，选举时必须是选举州的居民。
Number of Senator
a full-house staffing of 100members
参议院人数
全院员额为100名议员
Representative
The House of Representatives is eligible must be at least25years of age,have U. S. citizenship must be more than7years,the election must be the election of districtresidents
众议院人数
众议员共435名，按各州人口比例分配名额选出，任期两年，期满后全部改选。
Congress legislation
Representative
Supervise
publiceducation
Mediation
国会立法
代表任务
监督任务
公共教育任务
调解任务
Congress right
Express power
众议员
众议员的资格是必须年满25周岁，具有美国国籍必须超过7年，选举时必须是选举区的居民。
Number ofRepresentatives
A total of 435 House of Representatives, according to state population quota allocation, elected for a term of two years after the expiration of allelections