爱默生简介中英文对照
爱默生名言中英对照
爱默生名言中英对照1、彬彬有礼的风度，主要是自我克制的表现。
Polite manner, mainly self restrained performance.2、一千年太短暂了，人类即使拥有多于十倍、百倍的潜能，也不能掌握全部的知识。
One thousand years too short, even if human beings have more than ten times, a hundred times the potential, but also can not grasp all of the knowledge.3、你们认为我是命运之子：实际上，我却在创造着自己的命运。
You think I'm the son of fate, in fact, I'm creating my own destiny.4、真正持久的胜利是和平，而不是**。
Real lasting victory is peace, not war.5、英雄并不比一般人更勇敢，只不过他的勇气比你多维持了五分钟而已。
A hero is no more a man than a man, but his courage is more than five minutes longer than you.6、戒指或宝石并不是礼物，是作为礼物的一种权宜之物。
Ring or gem is not a gift, as a gift of expediency.7、无论真理在何受到伤害，都应去扞卫它。
No matter where the truth hurts, should go to defend it.8、智慧的可靠标志就是能够在平凡中发现奇迹。
The reliable mark of wisdom is to discover the miracle in the ordinary.9、如果我们用片面的方法阅读书籍，那么我们得到的就会是片面的知识。
爱默生(全英文)-推荐下载
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27,1882) was anAmerican philosopher, essayist, and poet, best remembered forleading the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19thcentury. His teachings directly influenced the growing NewThought movement of the mid-1800s. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescientcritic of the counterva iling pressures of society.Emerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporarie s,formulating and expressing the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay, Nat ure. As aresult of this ground-breaking work he gave a speech entitled The American Scholar in 1837, whichOliver Wen dell Holmes, Sr. considered to be America's "Intellectual Declaration of Independence".C onsidered one of the great orators of the time, Emerson's enthusiasm and respect for his audience enraptured crowds. His support for abolitionism late in life created controversy, and attimes he was subject to abuse from crowds while speaking on the topic. When ask ed to sum uphis work, he said his central doctrine was "the infinitude of the private man. "Literary career and TranscendentalismEmerson and other like-minded intellectuals founded the Transcendental Club, which served as acenter for the m ovement. Its first official meeting was held on September 19,1836. Emersonanonymously published his first essay, Nature, in September 1836. A year later, on August 31, 1837, Emerson delivered his now-famous Phi Beta Kappa address, "The American Scholar", thenknown as "An Oration, Delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Cambridge"; it was renamedfor a collection of essays in 1849. In the speech, Emerson declared literary independence in theUnited States and urged Americans to crea te a writing style all their own and free from Europe.James Russell Lowell, who was a stu dent at Harvard at the time, called it "an event without formerparallel on our literary ann als". Another member of the audience, Reverend John Pierce, called it"an apparently inco herent and unintelligible address".In 1837, Emerson befriended Henry David Thoreau. Though they had likely met as early as 1835,in the fall of 1837, Emerson asked Thoreau,"Do you keep a journal?" The question went on tohave a lifelong inspiration for Thoreau.On July 15,1838, Emerson was invited to Divinity Hall, Harvard Divinity School for the school'sgradu ation address, which came to be known as his "Divinity School Address". Emersondiscoun ted Biblical miracles and proclaimed that, while Jesus was a great man, he was not God: historical Christianity, he said, had turned Jesus into a "demigod, as the Orientals or the Greekswould describe Osiris or Apollo". His comments outraged the establishment and th e generalProtestant community. For this, he was denounced as an atheist, and a poisone r of young men'sminds. Despite the roar of critics, he made no reply, leaving others to p ut forward a defense. Hewas not invited back to speak at Harvard for another thirty year s.The Transcendental group began to publish its flagship journal, The Dial, in July 1840.Th ey plannedthe journal as early as October 1839, but work did not begin until the first we ek of 1840.GeorgeRipley was its managing editor and Margaret Fuller was its first editor, having been hand-chosen byEmerson after several others had declined the role. Fuller stayed on for about t wo years andEmerson took over, utilizing the journal to promote talented young writers i ncluding ElleryChanning and Thoreau.It was in 1841 that Emerson published Essays, his second book, which included the famo us essay, "Self-Reliance". His aunt called it a "strange medley of atheism and false independence", but it gained favorable reviews in London and Paris. This book, and its popular reception, more than anyof Emerson's contributions to date laid the groundwork for his international fam e.In January 1842 Emerson's first son Waldo died from scarlet fever. Emerson wrote of his grief inthe poem "Threnody"("For this losing is true dying"), and the essay "Experience". In the sameyear, William Ja mes was born, and Emerson agreed to be his godfather.Bronson Alcott announced his plans in November 1842 to find "a farm of a hundred acres inexcellent condition with good buildings, a good orchard and grounds". Charles Lane pu rchased a90-acre (360,000m2) farm in Harvard, Massachusetts, in May 1843 for what would becomeFruitlands, a co mmunity based on Utopian ideals inspired in part by Transcendentalism. The farmwould r un based on a communal effort, using no animals for labor; its participants would eat no meat and use no wool or leather. Emerson said he felt "sad at heart" for not engaging in theexperiment himself. Even so, he did not feel Fruitlands would be a success."Their whole doctrine isspiritual", he wrote,"but they always end with saying, Give us much land and money". Even Alcottadmitted h e was not prepared for the difficulty in operating Fruitlands."None of us were preparedto actualize practically the ideal life of which we dreamed. So we fell apart", he wrote. After itsfailure, Emerson helped buy a farm for Alcott's family in Concord which Alcott named "Hillside".The Dial ceased publication in April 1844; Horace Greeley reported it as an end to the "m ost originaland thoughtful periodical ever published in this country".Emerson made a living as a popular lecturer in New England and much of the rest of the country.From 1847 to 1848, he toured England, Scotland, and Ireland. He also visited Pa ris between theFebruary Revolution and the bloody June Days. When he arrived, he saw the stumps where treeshad been cut down to form barricades in the February riots. On May 21 he stood on the Champde Mars in the midst of mass celebrations for concord, pe ace and labor. He wrote in his journal: "Atthe end of the year we shall take account,& see if the Revolution was worth the trees."He had begun lecturing in 1833; by the 1850s he was giving as many as 80 per year. Em ersonspoke on a wide variety of subjects and many of his essays grew out of his lectures. He chargedbetween $10 and $50 for each appearance, bringing him about $800 to $1,00 0 per year. Hisearnings allowed him to expand his property, buying eleven acres of land by Walden Pond and afew more acres in a neighboring pine grove. He wrote that he was "landlord and waterlord of 14acres, more or less".In 1845, Emerson's journals show he was reading the Bhagavad Gita and Henry Thomas Colebrooke's Essays on the Vedas. Emerson was strongly influenced by the Vedas, and m uch ofhis writing has strong shades of nondualism. One of the clearest examples of this c an be found inhis essay "The Over-soul":We live in succession, in division, in parts, in particles. Meantime within man is the soul o f the whole;the wise silence; the universal beauty, to which every part and particle is equ ally related, the eternalONE. And this deep power in which we exist and whose beatitude is all accessible to us, is not onlyself-sufficing and perfect in every hour, but the act of seeing and the thing seen, the seer an d thespectacle, the subject and the object, are one. We see the world piece by piece, as the sun, themoon, the animal, the tree; but the whole, of which these are shining parts, i s the soul.Emerson was introduced to Indian philosophy when reading the works of French philosop herVictor Cousin.In February 1852 Emerson and James Freeman Clarke and William Henry Channing edite d anedition of the works and letters of Margaret Fuller, who had died in 1850. Within a w eek of herdeath, her New York editor Horace Greeley suggested to Emerson that a biogr aphy of Fuller, to becalled Margaret and Her Friends, be prepared quickly "before the int erest excited by her saddecease has passed away". Published with the title The Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Ossoli, Fuller'swords were heavily censored or rewritten. The three edi tors were not concerned about accuracy;they believed public interest in Fuller was tempo rary and that she would not survive as a historicalfigure. Even so, for a time, it was the b est-selling biography of the decade and went throughthirteen editions before the end of the century.Walt Whitman published the innovative poetry collection Leaves of Grass in 1855 and sen t a copyto Emerson for his opinion. Emerson responded positively, sending a flattering fiv e-page letter as aresponse. Emerson's approval helped the first edition of Leaves of Grass s tir up significant interestand convinced Whitman to issue a second edition shortly thereaf ter. This edition quoted a phrasefrom Emerson's letter, printed in gold leaf on the cover: "I Greet You at the Beginning of a GreatCareer". Emerson took offense that this letter wa s made public and later became more critical ofthe work.LegacyAs a lecturer and orator, Emerson—nicknamed the Concord Sage—became the leading voice ofintellectual culture in the United States. Herman Melville, wh o had met Emerson in 1849, originallythought he had "a defect in the region of the heart " and a "self-conceit so intensely intellectual thatat first one hesitates to call it by its right name", thou gh he later admitted Emerson was "a greatman". Theodore Parker, a minister and Transc endentalist, noted Emerson's ability to influence andinspire others:"the brilliant genius of Emerson rose in the winter nights, and hung over Boston,drawing the eyes of ingenuous young people to look up to that great new start, a beauty and am ystery, which charmed for the moment, while it gave also perennial inspiration, as it led t hemforward along new paths, and towards new hopes".In his book The American Religion, Harold Bloom repeatedly refers to Emerson as "The p rophet ofthe American Religion," which in the context of the book refers to indigenously American andgnostic-tinged religions such as Mormonism and Christian Science that arose largely in Emerson's lifetime. In The Western Canon, Harold Bloom compares Emerson to Michel de Montaign e:"Theonly equivalent reading experience that I know is to reread endlessly in the noteboo ks and journalsof Ralph Waldo Emerson, the American version of Montaigne."In May 2006,168 years after Emerson delivered his "Divinity School Address," Harvard DivinitySchool a nnounced the establishment of the Emerson Unitarian Universalist AssociationProfessorsh ip. Harvard has also named a building, Emerson Hall (1900), after him.Emerson Hill, a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Staten Island is named for his eldestbrother, Judge William Emerson, who resided there from 1837 to 1864.。
爱默生
Nature
Timeline
1844
The Dial
1882 Death
1867 Health began declining
Emerson’s works
1 2 3 4
Emerson’s works
Representative Men(1850)
The Conduct of Life(1860)
Ralph Waldo Emerson
拉尔夫 瓦尔多 爱默生
Thinker Essayist
In the United Confucius “美国的孔子” Stated
American The civilization Father
Transcendentalism 超验论
p 哲学家 h i l o 哲学家 s o SUCCESSFUL p h e r 哲学家
自然的热爱者，内向和 外向的感觉尚能和谐的 相应，他尚能在成年时 保有婴儿的心灵。
Nature
论自然 His intercourse with heaven and earth, becomes part of his daily food. In the presence of nature, a wild delight runs through the man, in spite of real sorrows. Nature says, he is my creature, and maugre all his impertinent griefs, he shall be glad with me. 与天地的交汇成为必需， 就如每日的食物一样。 自然当前时，奔腾的喜 悦传便他全身，尽管可 能他正身处现实的苦境。 他是我的造物，抿灭他 无关紧要的悲伤，与我 同在他应欢悦，自然向 他如是说。
爱默生简介英文
爱默生简介英文拉尔夫;沃尔多;爱默生，美国思想家、文学家，诗人。
爱默生是确立美国文化精神的代表人物。
下面是为你整理的爱默生简介英文，希望对你有用!拉尔夫;沃尔多;爱默生简介Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 - April 27, 1882) was born in Boston. American thinker, writer, poet. Emerson is the representative of the American culture. Former US President Lincoln called him "American Confucius" and "Father of American Civilization". Published in 1836 debut "on nature". His contribution to literature is mainly in prose and poetry. 18 April 1882 died in Boston.拉尔夫;沃尔多;爱默生早年经历Emerson is a priestly family, and his father, William Emerson, is a well-known pastor. Emerson died six weeks before his eight-year-old birthday (1811), raising his adult by mother and aunt. He was sent to the Boston Latin School for the following year.In October 1817, when Emerson was 14 years old, he was enrolled at Harvard and was appointed as a new student, and this identity allowed him to get a free stay. In order to addmeager salary, during the winter vacation he will go to Ripley uncle in Massachusetts Vasheng City school counseling and teaching services. During the school, he read a large number of works of British romantic writers, enriched the idea, broaden the horizons.In 1821, after Emerson graduated from Harvard University, he assisted his brother in setting up a school for young women in his mother's house, after he set up his own school in Chelmsford Emerson 's brother went to Gedding to read the theology, and Emerson was in charge of the school. After a few years, Emerson lived the day as a principal, and then into the Harvard University Theological Seminary, and in 1829 to a pastor of the image of the image cut a striking figure.His first wife was Ellen Tucker, who died of tuberculosis on February 8, 1831, at the age of 20.In 1832, he was resigned with a church officer's dispute over the management of the communion service and the doubts about public prayer. After 1832, Emerson traveled to the European countries, met the pioneers of romanticism, and had accepted their transcendental ideas and had a great influence on the formation of his ideology.Between 1832 and 33 years, Emerson traveled to Europe, and the experience was recorded in the English Traits (1856). On the way he met William Walls, Coleridge, John Stewart Mill and Thomas Carlisle. After the end of the journey, Emerson and Carlisle continue to contact until Carlisle died in 1881, Emerson in the United States as the agent of Carlisle. Emerson's tourist destination is not limited to the United Kingdom, he also went to France (in 1848), Italy and the Middle East.Emerson returned to Boduten and carried out sermons in Concord. At this time his speech is closer to the Aristotelian style, important speech has "historical philosophy", "human culture", "the current era" and so on. Emerson often and his friends Thoreau, Hawthorne, Alco, Margaret and others held a small gathering to explore theological, philosophical and sociological issues. This gathering was known as the "transcendentalist club", Emerson also naturally become a transcendentalist leader.In 1835, Emerson bought a house in Concord, Massachusetts, and soon became one of the most important citizens in the city. Where he also married his second wife,Lydia Jackson. He called her the Lydia and she called him Mr. Emerson, both of whom gave birth to the children, Alan, Edith and Edward Emerson. Allen is named after his ex-wife, which is Lydia's suggestion.拉尔夫;沃尔多;爱默生文学生涯In September 1835, Emerson and other like-minded intellectuals founded the Transcendental Club. Until July 1840, Emerson published his first essay in September 1836, Nature ". When the work becomes the basic principle of transcendence, many people immediately think that this is the Italian works.In 1837 Emerson published a famous speech on the theme of "American Scholar", proclaiming that American literature had been independent from British literature and warned American scholars not to let the study learn to spread, do not blindly follow tradition, imitate. In addition, this speech also criticized the American society of money worship, emphasizing the value of people. Known as the United States in the field of ideological and cultural "Declaration of Independence."One year later, Emerson criticized the only deity of Christianity in the Dean of the Theological Seminary, striving for the supreme human being, and advocating the intuition ofthe truth. "Believe in your own thoughts, and believe that what is right in your heart that is right for you is applicable to all ... ..." literary critics Lawrence Bull in the "Emerson Biography" said, Emerson and his doctrine, Is the most important secular religion in the United States.In 1838 he was invited to return to Harvard University Theological Seminary for the graduation ceremony. His comments immediately shocked the entire Protestant community, because he explained that when Jesus was a man, he was not God (at that time people would rather not hear such a speech). Thus, he was condemned as an atheist and poisoned the young man's mind, and faced with these criticisms he did not make any response or defense. In the following 40 years, he was no longer invited to the Harvard University speech, but in the mid-1880s, his position became a doctrine of the doctrine.ProceedingsIn 1840 Emerson was the editor of the "sundial" of the transcendentalist publication, further promoting transcendentalism. Later, he compiled his own speech into a book, which is the famous"Proceedings". The first episode of the Proceedings was published in 1841, including 12 papers such as "On Self-help", "On Spirit", "On Compensation", "On Love", "On Friendship". Three years later, the second episode of the Proceedings was also published. This book as Emerson won a great reputation, his mind is called the core of transcendentalism, he himself was known as the "American Renaissance leader" reputation.In early 1842, Emerson's eldest son of China because of suffering from scarlet fever and died. Emerson presented his grief in his two masterpieces: an elegy and his essay "Experience" (Experience). In the same year William James was born, Emerson agreed to be his godfather.Emerson became a famous speaker in New England and other countries outside the United States. When he can not attend some speeches as scheduled, Frederick Douglas will replace him. Emerson's speech has many different themes, many of his works are extracted from his speech.Emerson and Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry David Thoreau are friends and often walk with them at Concord. Emerson inspired Thoreau's talent. Thoreau has alsobuilt a house in Walden, of Jackson County, Colorado. When Thoreau lives in Walden, Emerson offers food and hires Thoreau to finish some work. When Thoreau left Walden two years later, Emerson left because he wanted to travel, and Thoreau lived at Emerson's home.Their friendly relationship was broken by Thomson's first book, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, when Ruth gave rude advice. This book is not very extensive design, and Emerson took him to see their agents, which allows Thoreau to bear the cost of publishing this book and the risk. Readers of this book is not much, this thoreau began to bear the debt. Finally, the two of them reconcile some of the differences, but Thoreau in private still condemned Emerson gradually deviated from his initial outlook on life, and Emerson began to Thoreau as a weary person. Emerson gave a negative evaluation of Thoreau's rhetoric in the 19th century.Emerson is an abstract and esoteric writer, but his speech still has a lot of people to listen. Emerson's work is based on his diary's observation of things, and when he was still at Harvard, he had written diary habits, and those diaries were carefully indexed by Emerson. He writes his ownexperiences and ideas in his diary and brings out some meaningful messages and combines with his intensive and condensed lecture essence. Later, he revised and relented the content of the speech, so that his essay and some other works.He was a man who was regarded as one of the great performers at the time, and fascinated the audience with a low voice. He was very enthusiastic and treated with an equal attitude and valued the audience. His straightforward and uncompromising stance on the abolition of niggerism led him to object to and mock after talking about the subject. He continues to publish a radical abolition of the slaves but does not consider whether people like it. He tried to refrain from joining any open political movement or group, and was often eager to be independent, which reflected his individualist position. He often insisted not to advocate, to become a person alone on their own. In his later years, people wanted him to count the number of his writings, and he still said that his faith was "infinite individual".Emerson's early reading of the French essayist Montaigne's works, and by its great influence. He understood the personal style from these works and began to lower his trust in God. He never read Kant's work, but heread Coleridge's explanation of the German transcendentalist. This makes Emerson do not believe in the soul and God.influencesAfter Emerson died, he was buried in the Slippe Valley Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts. In May 2006, Emerson published the "Theological Seminary" after 168 years, Harvard University Theological Seminary announced the creation of UUA (Unitarian Universalist Association).Emerson's collection of many of the prose of "Collected Essays: First (1841) and Second (1844) Series" is considered one of the 100 masterpieces.Emerson's Proceedings praised the idea that people would trust themselves, and those who believed in themselves were representatives of all, because he perceived the universal truth. Emerson with a transcendentalist's tone, quietly narrated his view of the world, transcendentalism combined and penetrated the neo-Platonism and similar Calvin sectarian a serious moral and that can be in all natural In the discovery of God's love romantic optimismEmerson likes to speak, face the crowd to make him excited, he said he felt a great emotion in the call, his mainreputation and achievements established here. He became the leader of American transcendentalism through his own essays and speeches, and became the most important of the informal philosophers. His philosophical spirit is manifested in the remarkable view of logic and empiricism. He despises the exploration of pure theory and believes in nature, which embodies the laws of God and God.In addition to the Proceedings, Emerson's works include "Representatives", "British Characteristics", "Poems", "May Festival and Other Poems".Emerson 's prose writer, thinker, poet in one. His poetry, prose unique, pay attention to the ideological content and not too much emphasis on rhetoric gorgeous, writing like aphorism, philosophical easy to understand, persuasive, and a typical "Emerson style." Some people commented on his words: "Emerson seems to only write a sentence," his text reveals the temperament is difficult to describe: both full of autocratic and no doubt, but also has an open spirit of democracy; both aristocratic arrogance , More civilians of the direct; both clear and easy to understand, and often mixed with some kind of mysticism ... ... a person canbe inserted in an article so many alarm is really amazing, those worth it in the morning Why do you read the words always inspiring, the years are not for him to cover the dust, but against the background he was sparkling.Emerson's greatest achievement in the history of American culture and literature is that he insists on the establishment of an independent national culture and literature. He is against the sudden attack, follow the footsteps. He preached the spiritual independence of the New World. Emerson's thought in its famous "American philosopher" in the further development. Emerson asked the American thinkers to "know themselves", "observe the natural", search by others long, create a new culture of the new continent, write their own books, in order to achieve their own perfection at the same time, for human progress contribution. He asked the American philosopher to be an independent thinker, not someone else's thought.He pointed out that the book contains the wisdom of the past era, but can not step by step in the past, can not regulate the moment step. He asked scholars to become a universe, rather than being pulled out of their own orbit. Some of theideas are creative, some of the behavior is creative, and some of the rhetoric is creative, these are from the mind itself feel good and the United States and the natural emission of the. He warned that the genius of the past could be the enemy of today's genius, and that Shakespeare could "modernize" the original style of modernity. American scholars should look forward, the eyes long in front of the head, full of hope to write their own books, each era should write their own books.爱默生简介英文。
爱默生
Emerson’ major works【爱默生主要作品】
• Emerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay, Nature. Following this ground-breaking work, he gave a speech entitled "The American Scholar" in 1837, which Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.(老奥利弗· 温德尔· 霍姆斯) considered to be America's ―Intellectual Declaration of Independence‖. (被誉为美国思想文化 领域的“独立宣言”)
Emerson’ influence 【爱默生的影响】
His essays remain among the linchpins of American thinking, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that have followed him. When asked to sum up his work, he said his central doctrine was "the infinitude of the private man." Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of fellow Transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau.
爱默生的英文简介作文
爱默生的英文简介作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Emerson is a really great writer. He has a unique way of looking at the world. His words can touch people's hearts.Emerson's ideas are so profound. They make you think about life in a different way. He encourages people to be true to themselves.Many people love Emerson's works. They find inspiration and wisdom in them. His writing is powerful and lasting.Emerson's influence goes beyond his time. He is still widely read and studied today. People continue to be inspired by him.。
Emerson 爱默生简介
"The world is nothing. The person is all. In yourself is the law of all nature." Urged students to learn directly from life. He told them, “Life is our dictionary.” "Let mankind stand forevermore," he said, "as a temple returned to greatness by new love, new faith, new sight."
A day is a miniature of eternity.
c
Thanks！
c
L inda
c
Ralph Waldo Emerson
c
Linda
an American essayist, lecturer, and poet Transcendentalist
1
The father of American civilization Confucius in the United States a champion of individualism
Emerson’s ideas
Self-trust and self-reliance. He think that to trust self is really to trust the voice of God speaking intuitively within us. The infinitude of man’s divine potentiality. He believes that the possibilities for man to develop and improve himself are infinite. Nature as symbol of God. “Nature is the vehicle of thought.” “Particular natural facts are symbols of particular spiritual facts.”
爱默生的英文简介作文
爱默生的英文简介作文英文：Ralph Waldo Emerson is a well-known American essayist, poet, and philosopher who lived from 1803 to 1882. He was a leading figure in the Transcendentalist movement, which emphasized the importance of individualism, intuition, and spiritual unity with nature.Emerson's writing was highly influential in shaping American literature and thought. Some of his most famous essays include "Self-Reliance," "The American Scholar," and "Nature." In these works, he encouraged readers to trust their own instincts and ideas, rather than relying on tradition or authority. He also celebrated the beauty and power of nature, and argued that humans should strive to live in harmony with the natural world.Emerson's ideas continue to be studied and debated today, and his influence can be seen in the work of manycontemporary writers and thinkers. For example, the idea of "self-reliance" has become a popular concept in modernself-help literature, and many environmentalists and conservationists draw inspiration from Emerson's reverence for nature.中文：拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生是一位著名的美国散文家、诗人和哲学家，生于1803年，卒于1882年。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Emerson wrote on a number of subjects, never espousing fixed philosophical tenets, but developing certain ideas such as individuality, freedom, the ability for man to realize almost anything, and the relationship between the soul and the surrounding world. Emerson's "nature" was more philosophical than naturalistic; "Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul.―
While his writing style can be seen as somewhat impenetrable, and was thought so even in his own time, Emerson's essays remain one of the linchpins of American thinking, and Emerson's work has influenced nearly every generation of thinker, writer and poet since his time. When asked to sum up his work, he said his central doctrine was "the infinitude of the private man."
Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812 when he was nine.In October 1817, at 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president, requiring Emerson to fetch delinquent students and send messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping a list of books he had read and started a journal in a series of notebooks that would be called "Wide World". He took outside jobs to cover his school expenses, including as a waiter for the Junior Commons and as an occasional teacher working with his uncle Samuel in Waltham, Massachusetts By his senior year, Emerson decided to go by his middle name, Waldo. Emerson served as Class Poet; as was custom, he presented an original poem on Harvard's Class Day, a month before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was 18. He did not stand out as a student and graduated in the exact middle 1826, faced with poor health, Emerson went to seek out warmer climates. He first went to Charleston, South Carolina, but found the weather was still too cold. He then went further south, to St. Augustine, Florida, where he took long walks on the beach, and began writing poetry. While in St. Augustine, he made the acquaintance of Prince Achille Murat. Murat, the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, was only two years his senior; the two became extremely good friends and enjoyed one another's company. The two engaged in enlightening discussions on religion, society, philosophy, and government, and Emerson considered Murat an important figure in his intellectual education. While in St. Augustine, Emerson had his first experience of slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while there was a slave auction taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, "One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going'!"
Early life, family, and education
• Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts on May 25, 1803, son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and the father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles. Three other children— Phebe, John Clarke, and Mary Caroline–died in childhood. • The young Ralph Waldo Emerson's father died from stomach cancer on May 12, 1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday.Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other women in the family; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson played an important role. Aunt Mary had a profound effect on Emerson. She lived with the family off and on, and maintained a constant correspondence with Emerson until her death in 1863.
Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生简介
---------方涵琦
生平简介
• 拉尔夫· 沃尔多· 爱默生（Ralph Waldo Emerson， 1803年－1882年），生于波士顿。 美国思想家、 文学家，诗人。 爱默生是确立美国文化精神的代 表人物。 美国前总统林肯称他为“美国的孔子”、 “美国文明之父”。1803年5月6日出生于马萨诸 塞州波士顿附近的康考德村，1882年4月27日在 波士顿逝世。他的生命几乎横贯19世纪的美国， 他出生时候的美国热闹却混沌，一些人意识到它 代表着某种新力量的崛起，却无人能够清晰的表 达出来。
早年经历
• 爱默生出身牧师家庭，他的父亲是威廉· 爱默生是一位 知名的一位论派牧师。爱默生在即将过八岁的两周前父亲 过世（1811年），由母亲和姑母抚养他成人。隔年他被送 到了波士顿拉丁学校就读。在1817年10月爱默生14岁时， 他入读哈佛大学并且被任命为新生代表，这个身份让他获 得免费住宿的机会。为了增添微薄的薪水，寒假期间他会 到Ripley 伯父在马萨诸塞州瓦胜市的学校进行辅导及教学 事务。在校期间，他阅读了大量英国浪漫主义作家的作品， 丰富了思想，开阔了视野。1821年爱默生从哈佛大学毕业 后，他协助自己的兄弟在母亲的家中设立一所给年轻女性 就读的学校，这是在他于切尔姆斯福德设立自己的学校以 后的事；当爱默生的兄弟前往格丁根读神学时，爱默生负 责主持这所学校。之后数年，爱默生都过著担任校长的日 子，然后进了哈佛大学神学院，并于1829年以一位论派牧 师的形象崭露头角。