关系代词的用法
英语语法专项:关系代词的用法

关系代词•1、关系代词用来引导定语从句。
它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。
(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。
)2、关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。
在限定性定语从句中,that可指人也可指物,见表:•例如:This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书。
(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)★关系代词的用法1、关系代词的句法功能1)关系代词在句中作主语例如:I prefer music that/which has great lyrics2)关系代词在句中作宾语例如:I like music that I can sing along with.3)关系代词在句中作表语例如:The house is not the one (that) it used to be.2、关系代词在从句中作名词的定语例如:Is she the teacher whose hair is very short?3、关系代词的用法1)who和whom的用法:二者都用于指人。
Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语,whom 在定语从句中作宾语。
Whom在从句中能坐介词的宾语,而who则不能。
例如:I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a partyin the shopping center yesterday.2)whose的用法:一般指人,有时也指物。
关系代词用法

关系代词用法关系代词是连接两个句子或两个句子中的名词性成分的重要词汇。
它们可以起到代替名词、形容词和副词的作用。
在英语中,关系代词主要包括who, whom, which, that, whose等。
接下来,我们将针对这些关系代词的用法进行详细的介绍。
1. who关系代词"who"用于指代人,作为主语或宾语的关系代词。
具体用法如下:例句1: This is the girl who won the singing competition.这是那位赢得唱歌比赛的女孩。
例句2: The man who I met yesterday is a doctor.我昨天遇到的那个男人是一名医生。
2. whom关系代词"whom"也用于指代人,但作为宾语的关系代词。
具体用法如下:例句1: She is the teacher whom I admire.她是我钦佩的那位老师。
例句2: The boy whom he saved is very grateful.他拯救的那个男孩非常感激。
3. which关系代词"which"用于指代事物或动物,作为主语或宾语的关系代词。
具体用法如下:例句1: This is the book which I borrowed from the library.这是我从图书馆借来的那本书。
例句2: The dog which is barking is mine.在叫的那只狗是我的。
4. that关系代词"that"可以指代人、事物或动物,作为主语或宾语的关系代词。
具体用法如下:例句1: The car that I bought last week is very fast.我上周买的那辆车很快。
例句2: The man that you saw is my brother.你看到的那个人是我哥哥。
关系代词用法详解

关系代词用法详解关系代词(les pronoms relatifs)关系代词是引导关系从句,是连接两个分句的桥梁,同时在它引导的从句里作主语,宾语,状语,表语等句子成分。
关系代词可以连接两个分句。
被关系代词所引导的从句称为关系代词从句,其先行词可以是名词、代词、或副词。
关系代词在句中做主语、宾语或状语。
qui可以用作主语,间接宾语,状语,名词和形容词的补语等。
1、用作主语:先行词可以代替人,也可以代替物。
Qui本身没有词形变化,但从句中谓语的人称性数要和先行词一致。
eg : L’homme qui trav aille beaucoup est laborieux.Les femmes qui travaillent beaucoup sont laborieux.Le train qui part pour Paris est en panne.La table qui est près de la fenêtre est déjà réservée.2、作间接宾语、状语、名词或形容词补语:qui紧随在介词之后,只代人不带物。
eg : L’homme chez qui je va is, est mon patron. La dame pour qui je travaille, est très difficile.3、qui que……引导让步从句,谓语用虚拟式,意思是“不管(是)谁”、“无论(是)谁”、“任何人”:eg ui que ce soit, sortez.que可以代人,也可以代物,一般用作直接宾语和表语。
Le livre que tu lis n’est pas très intéressant.La fille que vous venez de rencontrer dans la rue s’appelle Laure.注:当从句时态为复合时态,且助动词又为avoir时,我们就必须在过去分词和que之间进行性数配合,也就是过去分词必须和关系代词que所表示的性数一致。
关系代词的用法

关系代词的用法1、whomwhom只能用作宾语(指人),比如从句中的宾语,介词后面的宾语。
例:The young man with whom I travelled could speak English.I know the man whom you visited just now.2、关系代词的省略(1)直接宾语时可以省略。
Is there anything (that) I can do for you.注:直接宾语时对动作的承受着一般是物,间接宾语表示动作的方向,一般指人。
例:He gave me a book.(me间接,book直接)(2)在“there be ”结构的从句中作主语的关系代词可以省略。
This is the only bus (that) there is to that park.(3)关系代词放在介词后面作宾语时,不能省略,位于句尾时可以省略。
例:This is the girl with whom he worked.This is the girl whom he worked with.3、介词后面只能用whom、which。
例:This the girl with whom he worked.The goals for which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.4、关系代词只用that(1)先行词是allmuchanythingsomethingnothingeverythinglittlenone等不定代词。
(2)先行词既指人又指物。
(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时(4)先行词中有the verythe only 关系代词只能用that。
(又表示强调一下的意思)例:He is the very student (that) I want to find.(5)It is+名词+定语从句+定语从句,后一个定语从句中用that。
关系代词的用法

关系代词的用法
关系代词是指从句中引导词,用以连接主句和从句,表示关系的代词叫做关系代词。
关系代词的用法可以大致分为定语从句的关系代词、状语从句的关系代词以及同位语从句的关系代词。
定语从句的关系代词有以下几种:
1、who:指人,作主语;
2、whom:指人,作宾语;
3、which:指物,作主语或宾语;
4、that:指人或物,作主语或宾语;
5、whose:指人或物,表示所有格。
定语从句的关系代词一般放在从句开头,作关系代词所指物的表语,用以替代前面的名词。
1、when:指时间,作状语;
2、where:指地点,作状语;
3、why:指原因,作状语。
同位语从句的关系代词也放在从句开头,作关系代词所指物的表语,用以替代前面的名词,但和定语从句的关系代词有所不同,同位语从句的关系代词的谓语动词的形式一般是that引导的,who/which引导的可能会使谓语动词发生变化。
以上是关系代词的用法,总之,要学会正确使用关系代词,要理解主句和从句之间的关系,把握关系代词的搭配及句法功能。
只有把握了这些,才能在写作中正确表达出来,最终达到理想的效果。
定语从句关系代词讲解全英

定语从句关系代词讲解全英定语从句是修饰名词的从句,起到限定或说明名词的作用。
在英语中,关系代词用于引导定语从句。
下面是十个常用的关系代词及其用法:1. Who/Whom: 用于指人,作主语或宾语例:The man who is standing over there is my brother.那个站在那边的人是我的哥哥。
2. Which: 用于指物,作主语或宾语例:The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
3. That: 用于指人或物,作主语或宾语例:The car that I bought last month broke down.我上个月买的那辆车出了故障。
4. Whose: 用于指人或物,表示所属关系例:The girl whose bag was stolen reported it to the police.那个被偷包的女孩报告了警察。
5. Whom: 用于指人,作宾语例:The woman whom I met at the party is a famous actress.我在派对上遇到的那个女人是一位著名的演员。
6. Where: 用于指地点,在定语从句中作状语例:This is the school where I studied when I was a child.这是我小时候上学的学校。
7. When: 用于指时间,在定语从句中作状语例:The day when we met for the first time is still vivid in my memory.我们第一次见面的那一天在我的记忆中仍然很鲜活。
8. Why: 用于指原因,在定语从句中作状语例:The reason why he got angry is still unknown to me.他生气的原因我仍然不知道。
关系代词的用法

关系代词的用法一、关系代词的用法1、引导定语从句关系代词代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin. 跟我讲话的女孩是我表妹。
(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。
)This is the pencil whose point is broken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他重新回来都忘记了他的那本书。
(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)2、先行词which例如:He said he saw me there, which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。
3、其他用法关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略。
例如:I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我过去懂拉丁语,2010年大都忘了。
He's changed. He's not the man he was.他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。
注释:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,that在从句中作表语时也可省略。
非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词。
二、语法注意1.常用that 不用which的情况:1)先行词为不定代词all,little,few,much, anything, everything, nothing, something等时。
I will do all (that) I can to help you.2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very等所修饰或其本身就是序数词﹑形容词最高级时。
He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.3)先行词既有人,又有物时They talked about the people and the things (that)they remembered in the school.4)当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句用that 引导, 以避免重复。
关系代词的用法及总结

关系代词的用法及总结1. 关系代词的定义和分类关系代词是一类用来引导定语从句的代词,用来表示一个句子与另一个句子的关系。
关系代词可以代替在主句中充当主语或宾语的名词,从而与先行词建立联系。
根据其作用和用法,关系代词分为以下几类:•主格关系代词:who, whoever, whom, whomever•宾格关系代词:whom, who, whoever, whomever•物主关系代词:whose•引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词:which, who, whom, whose•引导限制性定语从句的关系代词:that, which, who, whom, whose2. 关系代词的用法2.1 主格关系代词的用法主格关系代词用来引导定语从句并在从句中充当主语。
根据先行词在主句中的作用,可以使用以下主格关系代词:•who: 代替人作主语,例如:–The woman who is standing over there is my boss.•whom: 代替人作主语,多用于正式场合,例如:–The man whom we met yesterday is the president of thecompany.•whoever: 无论是谁都作主语,相当于”anyone who”,例如:–Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.2.2 宾格关系代词的用法宾格关系代词用来引导定语从句并在从句中充当宾语。
根据先行词在主句中的作用,可以使用以下宾格关系代词:•whom: 代替人作宾语,例如:–The man whom she loves is a famous actor.•who: 代替人作宾语,多用于口语中,例如:–The teacher who I admire is very knowledgeable.•whoever: 无论是谁都作宾语,相当于”anyone whom”,例如:–I will help whoever needs assistance.2.3 物主关系代词的用法物主关系代词用来引导定语从句并在从句中表示所属关系。
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关系代词that 的用法(1)不用that的情况(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from whic h we get our food.We depend on the land that/whic h we get our food from.(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
(b)在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用whic h。
(c)先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that。
(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用whic h。
.(e)先行词既有人,又有物时。
(f) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.(g) 为了避免重复.(h)先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略(i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时举例:Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?Who that break the w indow should be punished.谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the polic e.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
that必用1先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰2是序数词或被序数词修饰3不定代词4先行词即指人又指物5被only;the every,no,one of等修饰6主句有which;w ho;whom7there be 句型中8如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用了whic h,另一个关系代词宜用that 9先行词在主句中作表语,或者关系代词本身作从句的表语是宜用thatthat在作宾语时可省难点分析(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much,each等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little (that) I can do for you.注意1:部分时候that可以省略,如部分例句将that用括号括住。
注意2:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.2、当先行词被序数词修饰The first plac e that they visited in London w as the Big Ben.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时This is the best film that I have seen.4、当形容词被the very, the only,the same,the last 修饰时(1) This is the very good dic tionary that I w ant to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old c ar is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who w ill attend the meeting?5、当先行词前面有who, whic h等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6、当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时Can you remember the sc ientist and his theory that we have learned?7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.8.当在there be句型中,通常情况下用that,不用whic h(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和whic h引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。
具体情况是:1、As和whic h都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/whic h we c an see.2、as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we c an see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, whic h I don’t believe.注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which。
(5) Tom w as always late for school, whic h made his teac her angry.3、当先行词受suc h, the same修饰时,常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意:当先行词由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
注意:定语从句such…as …与结果状语从句such… that…的区别:as在所引导的定语从句中作主语,宾语;that在结果状语从句中不做成分(6)He has suc h a good laptop as I want to buy.(7)He has suc h a good laptop that I w ant to buy one.(三)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in whic h, that引导,而且通常可以省略。
The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句There are very few but understand his idea。
( but= who don’t )(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句1、定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句(2) The fac t that he has been dead is c lear. 同位语从句2、定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由when, where, how, why, w hether, w hat等词引导,充当成分(1) The news he told me is true.(2) The news that he has just died is true.(3) The problem that w e are fac ing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语(4) The problem how we c an c ollect so much money is diffic ult to solve.3、同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以发展成一个完整的句子,(1) The idea that w e could ask the teac her for advice is wonderful. 同位语(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advic e.(3) The fac t that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.(4) The fac t is that the earth moves around the earth.[定语从句]介词+关系词1)介词后面的关系副词不能省略。