欧美文学名著选读考试重点
大学英语欧美文学欣赏考试重点
1.The work that presented,for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realisticpicture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer`s The Canterbury Tales.2.Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry.3.The verse from of heroic couplet（英雄双韵体）was introduced into English poetry andemployed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer.4.The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team ofpilgrims,people from all walks of life , including 31members altogether.5.Generally,Renaissance(文艺复兴) refers to the intellectual movement during the periodbetween 14th ad mid-17th centuries,its essence was humanism（人文主义）,6.English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama.7.William Shakespeare`s writing is widely regarded as one of the three main sources of theEnglish literature,while the other two are Greek and Roman myths （古希腊罗马神话）and the Bible（圣经）.8.William Shakespeare leaves a great body of literary works to the world,including 37plays,154 sonnets and 2 narrative poems.9.In reading Shakespeare, you must have come across the line “To be or not to be-that isthe question”by Hamlet in Hamlet.10.“So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see,/So long lives this ,and this gives life tothee.”(Shakespeare,”Sonnet 18”)The work “this”refers to poetry.11.S hakespeare`s four great tragedies include Hamlet,King Lear,Othello,and Macbeth,usually considered as some of the finest works in the English language.12.I n Romeo and Juliet,Shakespeare`s humanism is evidently seen in his praise of humanlove and in his defiance of feudal discord（无视封建纷争）.13.A sonnet is a poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter（五步抑扬格），with rhymesarranged according to a certain definite patterns.14.F rancis Bacon（弗兰西斯培根）`s works,”Some books are to be tasted ,others to beswallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested;that is ,some books are to be read in parts; others are to be read ,but not curiously ;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention,”describes the importance of reading and different ways to deal with different books as well.15.T he Glorious Revolution in 1688 meant the supremacy of Parliament,the beginning ofmodem England and the triumph of the principle of political liberty.16.M etaphysical poetry refers to the works of the 17th-century writers who wrote under theinfluence of John Donne,with the general theme of carpe diem.17.J ohn Donne in his poem “The Flea”claim that killing the lover ,the flea and thuscommitting sacrilege constitute “three sins”.18.E pic is a long verse narrative on a serious subject,told in a formal and elevated style, andcentered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, nation or the human race.19.E nlighteners believed that freedom,democracy,and reason are the primary values ofsociety.20.I n Robinson Crusoe,Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a naive &simple youth intoa mature &hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his 28 years of living on anisolated island.21.I n Robinson Crusoe,the hero Crusoe teaches a slave named Friday to speak English andbelieved in God and eat like a civilized man.22.T he revolutionary enthusiasm of the bourgeois revolution and the bitter hatred for thedespotic ruler are best shown in the works of John Milton.23.G ulliver`s Travels written by Jonathan Swift is one of the most effective and devastatingcriticism and satires of all aspects of the English and European life of the time.24.A ccording to Swift,Gulliver made voyages to Lilliput,Brobdingnag,Laputa（拉普塔岛会飞的岛）,the Country of the Houyhnhnms（慧姻国，格列弗游记中的一个国家）,etc.25.T he 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties,theWhig`s and the Tories,which were satired(讽刺的）by Swift in His Gulliver`s Travels.26.J onathan Swift defines a good style as “proper words in proper places”.27.J onathan Swift in his “A Modest Proposal”exposes a fact that the English are devouringthe Irish.28.O ne of the characteristics of neoclassicism（新古典主义的）is that reason rather thanemotion, and from rather than content are emphasized.（强调）29.P aradise Lost is actually a story taken from the Old Testament.30.R omanticism emphasized individual values and aspirations above those of society with itskeynote intensity and watchword imagination..31.R omanticism as a main literary trend prevailed in England during the period of1798-1832,beginning with the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798,ending with Walter Scott`s death in 1832.32.W illiam Wordsworth,Samuel Taylor Coleridge,and Robert Southey were known as “LakePoets”because they lived and knew one another in the district of the great lakes in Northwestern England.33.W illiam Wordsworth was a major English Romantic poet who,with Samuel T aylorColeridge,helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads (17980).34.A s a worshipper（崇拜者）of nature,William Wordsworth`s famous poems include “IWandered Lonely as a Cloud ”,“Tintern Abbey”,and ‘The Solitary Reaper’.35.W illiam Wordsworth defines a good poetry as the spontaneous overflow of powerfulfeelings.36.I n ‘I wandered lonely as a cloud ’,the poet says ‘my with pleasure fills,/And dances withthe daffodils. ’37.B yron`s influence was manifested by many authors and artists of the Romantic movementduring the 19th century and beyond. An example of Byronic hero is Heath cliff from Emily Bronte`s Wuthering Heights.（呼啸山庄）38.P ercy Bysshe Shelley （雪莱）in his poems called on the people to overthrow the rule oftyranny and injustice and prophesied a happy and free life for mankind.39.P ercy Bysshe Shelley,through the speaker in his ‘Ode to the West Wind’,imagineshimself to be a leaf ,a cloud and a wave under the influence of the west wind .40.F rankenstein, by Mary Shelley,was supposed to be the first science fiction in the world.41.B yron and Shelley are usually considered as the Second Generation of the RomanticMovement.42.I n the poem, “Ode to a Nightingale”, Keats identifies himself with the ideal beauty andhope that the song of the bird will help him to escape from the world of suffering,where “to think is to be full of sorrow”,into the world of eternal happiness.43.T he prose writing of the romantic period was represented by Charles Lamb,WilliamHazlitt,and Thomas de Quincey.（德昆西）44.J ohn Keats wrote such immortal odes as “Ode to a Nightingale”, “Ode to Autumn ”and ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’.45.S helley wrote an elegy “Adonis ”lamenting the early death of his fellow-poet JohnKeats .46.‘Beauty is truth ,truth beauty”is from Keats` ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’.47.T he dominant theme of John Keats` poems is that the world of nature is beautiful ,therealm of art and poetry is wonderful, but the human society is full of miseries.48.R obert Burns collected, edited ,restored ,and imitated traditional Scottish songs, or wroteverses of his own too traditional tune . Thus , he rescued and preserved the literary heritage.49.R obert Burns often wrote with light-hearted humor and in Scottish dialect.50.“Auld Lang Syne ”（友谊地久天长）,originally a Scottish folksong（民谣）edited and collectby Robert Burns, was incorporated into the classic Hollywood movie Waterloo Bridge in 1940.51.J ane Austen`s novels include Northanger Abbey （诺桑觉寺）,Sense and Sensibility ,Prideand Prejudice,Mansfield Park ,Emma and Persuasion.52.J ane Austen,although living and writing in the “age of poetry”,was an novelist instead.53.P ride and Prejudice is about the love and marriage story of five daughters in one family.54.J ane Austen wrote six novels all through her life,55.J ane Austen `s novels are mainly about love and marriage, mainly focusing on everydaycountry life of the upper middle class, and successful in the employment of irony.56.D ances figure prominently in Jane Austen`s novels.Whether performed in publicassembly rooms or in private,dances offered social opportunities for young people to mix and mingle and converse in an acceptable fashion.57.A usten sets all of her novels during the Regency Period when the new landed gentry whocame into money through commercial enterprise and ascended from the middle class.58.P ride and Prejudice portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day , and tells of theinitial misunderstandings and later mutual enlightenment between Elizabeth and the haughty Darcy.59.A usten,employing irony, begins her most famous novel Pride and Prejudice with thissentence “it is a truth universally acknowledged,that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”60.I n the 19th century English literature,a new literary trend ,critical realism,appeared,andflourished in the forties and early fifties.61.J ane Austen`s writing,drawing vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the countrysociety in her novels, was consider to be “a fine engraving made upon a little piece ofivory”.62.C hronologically, the Victorian Period refers to 1831-1901.63.A lthough writing from different points of view and with different techniques,writers in theVictorian Period shared one thing in common, that is ,they were all concerned about the fate of the common people .64.P ip,Estella,Havisham,Magwitch,and Joe Gargery （前均为远大前程里的人物名称）are namesof characters from the novel Great Expectations by Charles Dickens.65.“Do you think ,because I am poor ,obscure,plain , and little, I an soulless andheartless?...And if God had gifted me with some beauty , and much wealth,I should have made it as hard as for you to leave me , as it is now for me to leave you.”The passage is taken from Jane Eyre,66.E nglish critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of novel.67.O ne of the greatest English critical realist novelist was Charles Dickens,who criticized thebourgeois civilization and showed the misery of the common people.68.D avid Copperfield is often regarded as the semi-autobiography of the author CharlesDickens,in which the early life of the hero is largely based on the author’s early life. 69.I n the novel Oliver Twist.Dickens gives a truthful presentation of the sufferance of thepoor ,and makes a complete exposure of the terrible conditions in the English workhouse of the time and the brutality and corruption of the oppresoors（压迫者暴君）under the mask of philanthropy.70.C harles Dickens begins his famous novel A Tale of Two Cities this way ; “it was the best oftimes.It was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness. It was”the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us , we had nothing before us , we were all going direct to Heaven,we were all going direct the other way…”71.H ardy is one of the representatives of English critical realism at the turn of the 19thcentury.72.A s to Tess of the D `Urbervilles: Tess was a pure woman ;Tess was a victim of economicoppression and social injustice ;the author`s pessimistic and naturalistic view of life is fully expressed in it.73.A lec,Clare,Angel,all are characters appearing in the novel Tess of the D`Urbervilles.（小说《苔丝》）74.E mily Bronte wrote only one novel entitled Wuthering Heights.75.B ronte Sisters were all talented writers, they all died young and all went to charity school.76.J ane Eyre is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian age. It is notedfor its sharp criticism of the existing society, especially the bourgeois system of education.77.T homas Hardy was once an architect,born in Dorsetshire,（多塞特郡）a county in the southof England , and his principle works are the Wessex novels.78.N ovels of character and Environment are also called Wessex novels,taking the southwestcounties of England for their setting, which include The Return of the Native,The Mayor of Casterbridge,（《卡斯特桥市长》）Tess of the D`Urbervilles, and Jude the Obscure.79.T ess Durbeyfield（苔丝德贝菲尔人物名称）in Tess of the D`Urbervilles is the daughter ofa poor villager.80.O ne of the chief representative figures of the School of Aestheticism is Oscar Wilde.81.M ost of Hardy`s novels are set in Wessex,the fictional primitive and crude region which isreally the home place he both loves and hates.82.J ames Joyce`s representative works are Dubliners,（都柏林人）A Portrait of the Artist as aYoung Man,Ulysses and Finnegans Wake.（《芬根尼的守灵夜》）83.J ames Joyce, Virginia Woolf and William Faulkner all belong to the school of the Stream ofConsciousness.84.W ashington Irving is the first American writer to earn an international reputation, andregarded as an early famous Romantic writer in American Literary history.85.I rving was best known for his famous short stories such as “Rip Van Winkle”and “TheLegend of Sleepy Hollow”.86.T he finest example of Hawthorne`s symbolism is reflected in his The Scarlet Letter.87.N athaniel Hawthorne depicts the prison as a symbol for puritanical severity of law andthe rigorous enforcement of law and the impossibility to break free of it , while the rosebush to symbolize the passionate wilderness in the form of Hester Prynne.（海丽斯白兰《红字》女主人公）88.A s a leading spokesman of the Imagist Movement ,Ezra Pound wrote a famousone-image poem “In a Station of the Metro ”,which has been regarded as a classic specimen of Imagist poetry.（意象派诗歌）89.P ostmodernism can be described as a set of critical,strategic and rhetorical practicesemploying concepts such as difference,repetition,simulacrum,and hyper reality to destabilize other concepts such as presence,identity ,historical progress,and epistemic （认识的）certainty.90.P ostmodernism upholds the belief that there is no absolute truth and the way in whichdifferent people perceive the world is subjective.91.R epresentative writers of postmodernism are Derrida,Foucault,Kristiva,Lacan,etc.92.E xamples of intertextuality（互文-写作手法）can be found in Ulysses retelling Homer`sOdyssey(奥赛德),The Dead Fathers Club retelling Hamlet,A Thousand Acres retelling King Lear,and Wide Sargasso Sea retelling Jane Eyre.93.P rincipal characters in Bellow`s fiction have heroic potential,and many times they stand incontrast to the negative forces of society .Often these characters are Jewish and have a sense of alienation or otherness.94.D eath of a Salesman tells us a story about an American tragedy,but the tragedy rooted inthe American Dream.95.P ynchon`s novels are broad in scope and use scientific theories ,historical facts,and detailsof popular culture with great accuracy.96.T here is only scene,in Waiting for Godot,throughout both acts:two men are waiting on acountry road by a tree.97.I n1993,T oni Morrison , “Who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic importgives life to an essential aspect of American reality”,was awarded the Novel Prize in literature.98.E normously important in shaping the artistic contributions of the Harlem Renaissance ofthe 1920s,Langston Hughes（兰斯顿人名）is the most popular and versatile of the black writers.99.“Poor Rip was at last reduced almost to despair :and his only alternative,to escape fromthe labor of the farm and the clamor of his wife,was to take gun in hand ,and stroll away into the wood ”This sentence vividly describes the characteristics of Rip Van Winkle,especially unwilling to engage himself in labor as well as slow response to what happened around .100.“To wage by force or guile eternal war./Irreconcilable to out grand Foe ”,here the Foe refers to God.。
外国文学(欧美卷) 重点含答案
1、奥林波斯神统：反映了父权社会的人际关系。
宙斯是众神之主，他的兄弟波塞冬是海神，哈得斯是冥王。
他让他的子女分管天上人间，如阿波罗是日神，阿尔忒弥斯是月神，阿瑞斯是战神，阿佛洛狄忒是爱神等。
他们组成了一个高度组织化、纪律化的社会，住在希腊最高的奥林波斯山上。
这是人类社会的缩影。
2、文艺复兴：文艺复兴是十四世纪到十六世纪首先发生于意大利，继而影响整个欧洲的新兴资产阶级反对封建主阶级的一场反封建反教会思想文化运动，同时又是一场文化革命运动。
它是资产阶级借助于古代希腊文化对封建制度和宗教势力所进行的斗争。
新兴的资产阶级思想家们打着“回到希腊去”的旗号，声称要把久被埋没的古典文化“复兴”起来，“文艺复兴”就由此而得名。
文艺复兴以人文主义为反封建斗争的思想武器，以文学为斗争的主要形式。
其中英国的文学成就最高。
3、荷马史诗：公元前12世纪末，战争结束后流传着歌颂英雄事迹的短歌，有民间歌人口头传授，公元前9世纪与公元前8世纪之间，一位盲诗人荷马以短歌为基础，整理出两部史诗即《伊利亚特》和《奥德修记》。
它是欧洲文学史上最早的优秀作品，犹如百科全书，其影响遍及希腊生活的各个领域；它是欧洲史诗的典范，并为后世作家提供了取之不尽的创作素材。
4、流浪汉小说：流浪汉小说最初出现在十六世纪中叶的西班牙。
这类小说描写城市平民的生活，并通过城市平民的眼光对各阶层人物加以讽刺。
最早的一部流浪汉小说是无名氏的《小癞子》，作品叙述了主人公小癞子从一个盲丐的引路童最后成为一个小康之家的主人的生活经历，讽刺了僧侣的欺诈、贪婪，贵族们的傲慢、空虚。
流浪汉小说对欧洲小说的发展产生深远影响，如笛福、狄德罗、高尔基等人都从中获益非浅。
5、城市文学：10世纪到11世纪随着欧洲城市的发展出现了城市文学，它是在民间文学的基础上发展起来的。
它与教会文学不同，在内容上现实性较强，在风格上也是生动活泼的，这要是用讽刺手法。
在文学样式上，城市文学也有创新，产生了韵文故事讽刺故事诗的体裁。
英美文学选读知识点整理
会意义、语言风格和艺术手法 6. 西奥多·德莱塞的《嘉莉妹妹》创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作的主题结构、艺术手法和人
1. 美国现代时期文学特征 2. 庞德的主要作品及其内容 3. 罗伯特·弗洛斯特的代表作及其主题结构和艺术特色 4. 菲兹杰拉德《了不起的盖茨比》的主题意义及其象征手法 5. 海明威的主要作品及其内容：《老人与海》、《永别了武
第二章 现代主义时期
The Modern Period
1. 美国浪漫主义时期的文学特点 2. 华盛顿·欧文的文学作品 3. 霍桑代表作《小伙子布朗》中的寓言与象征 4. 惠特曼的创作思想及其代表作的主题结构、人物刻画和社会意义——《白鲸》
1. 现实主义和自然主义的概念 2. 文学特点及现实主义者的倾向 3. 马克·吐温的《哈克贝利费恩历险记》创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作的社会意义、语言风
3. 华兹华斯的主要作品及内容 4. 拜伦《致希腊》的主题并用英语
解释其中句子
1. 华兹华斯的诗歌特点 2. 英文解释华兹华斯《我如行云独自游》中的句子
5. 雪莱《西风颂》的主题并用英语 解释其中句子
6.
1. 维多利亚时期的文学特点 2. 狄更斯的主要作品及内容——critical realist
3. 哈代的代表作及写作特点 4. 夏洛特·布朗特的《简·爱》中简·爱的人物分析
器》、《丧钟为谁而鸣》等 6. 福克纳的主要作品及其内容
第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学
1．<<贝尔武夫>>简介及在英国文学史上的意义。 Beowulf《贝奥武夫》：第一部最古老、最长的较完整的文学作品 2．乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》对英国文学做出的贡献。 The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》小说集，描写了各行各业中的人物形象
英美文学选读自考重点
英美文学选读自考重点英美文学选读是自考中一门重要且富有魅力的课程，它涵盖了英国和美国文学发展历程中的众多经典作品和重要作家。
对于自考生来说，掌握重点内容是顺利通过考试的关键。
以下将为您详细介绍英美文学选读自考的重点。
一、英国文学部分1、古英语时期与中世纪文学这一时期的重点是了解英国文学的起源和早期发展。
比如，《贝奥武甫》是英国文学史上第一部重要的史诗，要理解其主题、结构和语言特点。
另外，乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》也是重点，需掌握其对人物的刻画、叙事技巧以及反映的社会现实。
2、文艺复兴时期文学文艺复兴时期的英国文学成就斐然。
威廉·莎士比亚是重中之重，他的戏剧作品如《哈姆雷特》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《麦克白》等，要深入研究其人物塑造、情节设置、主题思想以及对人性、命运、爱情等问题的探讨。
同时，还需了解这一时期其他重要作家如托马斯·莫尔的《乌托邦》。
3、 17 世纪文学这一时期的玄学派诗歌和清教徒文学是重点。
约翰·多恩的玄学派诗歌以奇特的比喻和复杂的思维著称，要理解其诗歌的独特风格和思想内涵。
而弥尔顿的《失乐园》《复乐园》等作品，则要把握其宗教主题和史诗般的气魄。
4、 18 世纪文学启蒙运动时期的英国文学注重现实和理性。
丹尼尔·笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》是必读作品，要分析主人公的形象和作品所反映的殖民主义、个人奋斗等主题。
此外，乔纳森·斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》也是重点，理解其讽刺手法和对社会现象的批判。
5、 19 世纪浪漫主义文学浪漫主义时期的诗人如威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治、拜伦、雪莱和济慈的作品都需要认真研读。
了解他们各自的诗歌风格、主题以及对自然、爱情、自由等的追求。
同时，简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》也是常考内容，要分析其细腻的人物描写和婚姻爱情观。
6、 19 世纪现实主义文学查尔斯·狄更斯的作品在这一时期占据重要地位，如《雾都孤儿》《大卫·科波菲尔》《双城记》等，要理解其对社会现实的批判和对人性的关怀。
二十世纪欧美文学各章重点
二十世纪欧美文学各章重点第一章重点问题1.表现主义的艺术特征ν2.卡夫卡的主要作品3.《变形记》的内容、艺术特点ν4.《饥饿艺术家》、《地洞》的内容ν5.《城堡》的朦胧性所代来的多解性6.卡夫卡小说的特征ν7.对卡夫卡的主要评价ν8.为什么说卡夫卡是现代主义的奠基第二章重点问题1.意识流小说产生的哲学和心理学背景ν2.意识流的三层含义3.意识流小说的特征及主要表现手法ν4.对意识流小说定义的争论ν5.意识流小说代表作家作品6.福克纳的主要作品（《我弥留之际》等）、创作特点（评价）ν7.《喧哗与骚动》的内容、班吉叙事的意义8.乔伊斯的生平和创作简况9.《尤利西斯》的内容、在结构上与《奥德赛》的对应关系，对《尤利西斯》的评价第三章重点问题1.存在主义文学的主题和艺术特点2.萨特主要作品的内容ν3..“处境剧”（“处境小说”）的含义ν4.《恶心》所表现的存在主义观点5.加缪主要作品的内容ν6.《局外人》、《鼠疫》所表现的存在主义观点ν7.零度写作的含义第四章重点问题1．新小说的革命性、19世纪现实主义小说的特征2．娜塔丽•萨洛特的主要作品，“潜对话”的内涵3．米歇尔•布托尔的主要作品4．克洛德•西蒙的主要作品5. 罗伯—格里耶的主要作品，《嫉妒》的内容、题目的双关含义、艺术特点第五章重点问题1.拉美魔幻现实主义的艺术特征2.关于拉美魔幻现实主义的争论3.拉美魔幻现实主义的代表作家作品4.马尔克斯的主要作品5.《百年孤独》的内容、孤独主题6.《百年孤独》的所反映的魔幻现实主义艺术特点7.《百年孤独》的叙事特点。
美国文学考试重点总结
Realism1、It aims at the interpretation of actualities of any aspect of life, free from subjective prejudice, idealism, or romantic color.2、Major features：（Familiar aspects of contemporary and everyday life are represented in a）straightforward or matter-of-fact manner;Characters from all social levels社会阶层; Open ending; Focus on commonness of the lives of the common people;objectivity客观; it presents moral visions.American realistic authors1、Bret Harte：the first American writer of local color .2、William Dean Howells: the arbiter of American realism /holds that truth is the highest beauty.3、Henry James insisted that art must be related to life.4、Henry James / Mark Twain: the greatest of American realists.5、Samuel Langhorne Clemens：American writer and humorist, whose best work is characterized by broad, often irreverent humor or biting social satire.（无礼的幽默和尖锐的社会讽刺）Twain's writing is also known for realism of place and language, memorable characters, and hatred of hypocrisy and oppression（憎恨虚伪和压迫）.6、Mark Twain's work during the 1890s and the 1900s is marked by growing pessimism and bitterness（不断增长的悲观和痛苦）Major works: The Gilded Age镀金时代（第一部长篇小说）: A Tale of To-day (1873); The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894);The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876);The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》Travel fiction: The Innocents Abroad (or The New Pilgrim’s Progress)(1869) 《傻子国外旅行记》;Roughing It (1873) 艰难生涯;Life on the Mississippi (1883) 密西西比河上的生活，combines an autobiographical account(结合了自传)7、Historical Romance: The Prince and the Pauper(1882)（王子与贫儿）, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court（在亚瑟王朝廷中的康涅狄格州美国人）, It isa parable of colonialization(这是一个殖民化的寓言).8、The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (1865) 《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》充满夸张和喜剧的边疆生活。
外国文学史(欧美卷)复习重点
导论：西方文学的发展历史一、西方文学的两大源头——古希腊神话艺术和古希伯来文学1、古希腊神话艺术的突然崛起（公元前7世纪——前6世纪）那个时代的：孔子、释迦牟尼、苏格拉底+ 《圣经》——三大伟人+ 1部经书，撑起了世界文明的大厦。
2、中世纪的基督教文学与骑士文学：过渡时期中世纪：禁欲、虔诚，人变得很卑微。
——“但丁犹如一个窃贼，把人类的灵魂偷回来了。
”3、欧洲文明的启明星——文艺复兴（300年）充满了奇情异想的爱情诗人彼特拉克；拥有泼皮般战斗精神的薄伽丘；名副其实的语言文化巨人拉伯雷；最伟大的小说家塞万提斯……文艺复兴的高峰莎士比亚：《罗密欧与茱丽叶》——人文精神的觉醒。
4、古典主义的诞生：（17世纪，路易十四时期）古典主义的顶峰：莫里哀与《伪君子》5、启蒙文学（18世纪文学）：启蒙思想的风暴（资产阶级“自由、平等、博爱”的思潮成为潮流）“早熟的天才”歌德《少年维特之烦恼》（24岁）&《浮士德》（诗剧）；席勒《阴谋与爱情》6、浪漫主义文学：19世纪初——“鼓荡着狂想和绝望的时代”拜伦、雪莱、济慈、雨果7、现实主义文学名作如林：19世纪中期司汤达：现代小说之父二、西方文学六大思潮1、文艺复兴时期的人文主义文学思潮2、17世纪新古典主义思潮3、18世纪启蒙主义思潮4、19世纪初的浪漫主义思潮5、19世纪和20世纪的现实主义6、20世纪现代主义与后现代主义三、欧洲作家的共同特点：人道主义和宗教信仰第一章：古代文学第一节：概述古代希腊、罗马是欧洲文学的发源地。
古希腊、罗马的文学是奴隶社会的产物。
一、古希腊文学：希腊早期文学的主要成就是神话和荷马史诗。
古希腊文学包括：（1）古希腊神话：神的故事&英雄传说；（2）荷马史诗：《伊里亚特》、《奥德修纪》1、神的故事：（1）希腊神话的特点：P9A、神人同形同性：希腊神话中的神是高度人格化的，他们具备人类的思想感情，性格也十分鲜明。
B、充满了追求光明、酷爱现实生活、以人为本、肯定人的力量的思想。
英美文学选读考前总复习中英文版
一.What is the theme of Beowulf?这首诗主题介绍了如何原始人工资在聪明和强大的领导之下的自然世界的敌对势力的英勇斗争的生动写照。
这首诗是自然界神话和英雄传说混合在一起的一个例子。
Thematically the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.The poem is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.二.莎士比亚（1）四个悲剧。
（二）四大悲剧的共同之处？3请简要总结每个英雄人性的弱点。
1.莎士比亚的四个最大的悲剧是：哈姆雷特、奥赛罗、李尔王、麦克白。
2.每个描绘了一些高尚的英雄，谁面临着人类生活的不公，陷入了一个困难的局面和他们的命运和整个国家的命运息息相关。
3.每一位英雄有他的弱点的性质；老国王李尔不愿意完全放弃他的权力；麦克白的权欲挑起他的抱负和他会导致无休止的罪行1.Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth.2.Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.3. Each hero has his weakness of nature; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power; and Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes三.试论莎士比亚的艺术的创作。
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作者作品搭配Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛里.乔叟1.The Canterbury Tales <坎特伯雷故事集>2.The Book of the Duchess<公爵夫人之书>3.Troilus and Criseyde <特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达>4.The Legend of Good Women <贞洁妇女的传说>5.The House of Fame <名誉之屋>6.The Parliament of Fowls 《百鸟议会》7.Romance of the Rose 《玫瑰传奇》William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚1. A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜之梦2.The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人3.As You Like It 皆大欢喜4.Twelfth Night 第十二夜5.Hamlet 哈姆雷特6.Othello 奥赛罗7.King Lear 李尔王8.Macbeth 麦克白9.Venus and Adonis 维纳斯和阿多尼斯10.The Rape of Lucrece 鲁克丽丝受辱记Francis Bacon弗兰西斯.培根1.Advancement of Learning 学术的进展2.Novum Organum 新工具3.The New Atlantic 新大西洋岛4.Essays 随笔Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福1.Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记2.Caption Singleton 辛格顿船长3.Moll Flanders 莫尔.佛兰德斯4. A Journal of the Plague Year 大疫年日记William Blake威廉.布莱克1.The Chimney Sweeper 扫烟囱的孩子2.Song of Innocence 天真之歌3.Song of Experience 经验之歌4.Poetical Sketches 素描诗集5.The French Revolution 法国革命6.The Marriage of Heaven Hell 天堂与地狱的婚姻7.America:A Prophecy 美国ton 弥尔顿Robert Burns罗伯特.彭斯1. A Red, Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰2.Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect 苏格兰方言诗集3.The Tree of Liberty 自由树4.Scots Wha Hae 苏格兰人5.The Two Dogs 两只狗6.Holy Willie’s Prayer 威利长老的祈祷7.My Heart’s in the highlands 我的心呀在高原8.John Anderson, My Jo 约翰.安徒生9. A Man’s a Man for All That 不管那些William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯1.She Dwelt Among the Untroddrn Ways 《LucyPoems》露茜组诗2.The Solitary Reaper 刈麦女3.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我好似一朵流云独自漫游4.Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集5.An Evening Walk 黄昏漫步6.The Excurison 远足7.The Prelude 序曲George Gordon Byron 乔治.戈登.拜伦1.She Walks in Beauty2.Oriental Tales 东方叙事诗3.Don Juan 唐璜4.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰尔德.哈罗德游记5.The Prisoner of Chillon 锡雍的囚徒6.Manfred 曼弗雷德7.Cain 该隐8.The Vision of Judgment 审判的幻境9.The Age of Bronze 青铜世纪Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加.爱伦.坡1.To Helen 致海伦2.The Raven 乌鸦3.Annabel Lee 安娜贝尔.李4.The Bells 钟声5.The Fall of the House of Usher 厄舍古宅的倒塌Walt Whitman 瓦尔特.惠特曼O Caption！My Caption！A，船长！我的船长！Emily Dickinson埃米莉.狄更生1.I Died for Beauty 为美而死2.Success 成功3.I’m Nobody 我是小人物Jane Austen简.奥斯丁1.Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见2.Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感3.Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德公园4.Emma 爱玛5.Northanger Abbey 诺森觉寺6.Persuasion 劝导Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂.勃朗特1.Jane Eyre 简.爱2.Shirley 雪莉3.The Professor 教授4.Villette 维莱特Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文1.Rip Van Winkle 瑞普.凡.温克尔2.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡谷传奇3. A History of New YorkNathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔.霍桑1.The Scarlet Letter 红字2.Mosses from an Old Manse 古宅青苔3.The House of the Seven Gables 七个尖角阁的房子4.The Marble Faun 大理石雕像5.The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇William Butler Yeats威廉.巴特勒.叶芝1.The Second Coming 第二次圣临2.The Lake Isle of Innisfree 茵尼斯弗利岛3.When You Are Old 当你老了4.Sailing to Byzantium 驶向拜占庭5.The Winding Stair 盘旋的楼梯William Faulkner 威廉.福克纳1. A Rose For Emily 献给埃米莉的玫瑰2.The Sound and the Fury 喧嚣与骚动3.As I Lay Dying 在我弥留之际4.Light in August 八月之光5.Absalom，Absalom！押沙龙,押沙龙诗歌翻译和赏析一、Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.译文我怎么能够将你比作夏天?你比夏天更美丽温婉。
狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，夏日的勾留何其短暂。
休恋那丽日当空，转眼会云雾迷蒙;休叹那百花凋零，摧折于无常天命;唯有你永恒的夏日长新，你的美貌亦毫发无损。
死神也无缘将你幽禁，你在我永恒的诗中长存。
只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。
1.Discuss S …s use of the “summer‟s day”. Why does he choose this image?答：The poet compares his friend to summer, and then by describing the instability of summer to show his friend’s immortality. His purpose is to tell us that the power of beauty comes from man. The poet is praising the spirit of Renaissance—Humanism.2.What are the theme and the rhetorical devices of this sonnet?答：The friendship between good friends and the eternity of their friendship. Rhetorical questioning, simile personification and parallelism.二、The Chimney Sweeper William Blake 威廉.布莱克A little black thing among the snow:风雪里一个满身乌黑的小东西Crying weep, weep, in notes of woe!“号呀，号”在那里哭哭啼啼!Where are thy father & mother? say?“你的爹娘上哪儿去了，你讲讲?”They are both gone up to the church to pray.“他们呀都去祷告了，上了教堂。
Because I was happy upon the heath,“因为我原先在野地里欢欢喜喜，And smil'd among the winters snow:我在冬天的雪地里也总是笑嘻嘻,They clothed me in the clothes of death,他们就把我拿晦气的黑衣裳一罩，And taught me to sing the notes of woe.他们还叫我唱起了悲伤的曲调。