中国农业大学考博英语题型分析

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考博英语阅读理解试题分类解析-考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧【圣才出品】

考博英语阅读理解试题分类解析-考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧【圣才出品】

第一部分考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧一、考试要求阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)是博士生入学英语考试的重要组成部分,该题型一直是各院校考查的重点,为每年必考题型而且比重最大(个别院校除外),分值比重一般为30%或40%(电子科技大学达到50%)。

为了顺利通过博士生入学英语考试,考生必须高度重视阅读理解能力的训练和提高。

(一)测试要求在国家教育部颁布的《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》中关于“读”的能力要求为:掌握并能运用各项阅读技能(如概括中心思想,猜词悟意,预见,推理和推论等),具有语法水平上的分析能力。

能较顺利地阅读并正确理解有相当难度的一般性题材文章和其他读物,达到每分钟60-70个词,读后能够理解中心思想及内容。

计时阅读难度略低,生词不超过总词数2%的材料,速度达到每分钟100-120个词,读后能理解中心思想及主要内容。

总阅读量:精读30000个词左右,泛读80000个词左右。

原国家教委发布的《非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程考试大纲》(试行稿)明确指出,阅读理解的测试目的主要是考查学生通过阅读材料获取信息的能力,要求考生在快速阅读材料的同时,能够正确地理解材料的意思。

具体而言,阅读理解主要测试考生如下几方面的能力:(1)所掌握词汇量的深度和广度,准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中特定含义的能力;(2)迅速总结所读材料的中心思想和段落大意,并找出一些表露作者观点的关键句子的能力;(3)对所读材料各段落之间的逻辑意义进行判断、推理和引申的能力;(4)注意一些对理解全文或某个关键句子起着重要的作用的细节问题的能力;(5)领会作者的观点和判断作者的态度,或者从阅读材料所隐含的意思中推断出作者的观点和态度的能力。

总之,阅读理解部分不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想,而且要求考生注意文中细节;不但要求对具体事实情节的理解,而且要求对其抽象含义的理解,既要理解字面意思,又要理解其深层含义,包括作者的态度、观点、意图等;既要求理解文中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系,又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理;既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题,又要求考生能运用应有的常识去分析、理解问题。

农学博士英语试题及答案

农学博士英语试题及答案

农学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. Which of the following is a common agricultural practice?A. MonocultureB. PolycultureC. Both A and BD. None of the above2. The term "photosynthesis" refers to the process by which plants:A. Convert sunlight into energyB. Break down organic compoundsC. Absorb waterD. Release oxygen3. In agriculture, the use of "fertilizers" is primarily for:A. Soil structure improvementB. Pest controlC. Enhancing plant growthD. Harvesting crops4. What is the main purpose of crop rotation?A. To increase crop yieldB. To reduce soil erosionC. To prevent pest infestationD. All of the above5. The "Green Revolution" in agriculture is associated with:A. The use of high-yielding varietiesB. The application of organic farmingC. The reduction of chemical fertilizersD. The promotion of sustainable practices6. What is the role of "pesticides" in agriculture?A. To increase crop yieldB. To protect crops from pestsC. To improve soil fertilityD. To enhance crop quality7. "Organic farming" is characterized by:A. The use of chemical fertilizersB. The avoidance of synthetic chemicalsC. The reliance on monocultureD. The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)8. The term "biotechnology" in agriculture refers to:A. The use of traditional farming methodsB. The application of modern scientific techniquesC. The cultivation of wild plantsD. The breeding of livestock9. "Sustainable agriculture" aims to:A. Maximize short-term profitsB. Ensure long-term productivityC. Increase the use of machineryD. Expand the scale of farming10. "Conservation tillage" is a method that:A. Involves deep plowing of soilB. Reduces soil disturbanceC. Increases the use of waterD. Requires more fertilizers二、填空题(每题1分,共10分)1. The process by which plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil is known as __________.2. A system of farming that mimics natural ecosystems is called __________.3. The use of genetically modified seeds in agriculture can lead to __________.4. The practice of leaving land fallow for a period is known as __________.5. The main component of natural gas used as a fertilizer is __________.6. The technique of grafting involves joining two different plants to form a __________.7. The term "drought-resistant" refers to plants that can survive with __________.8. The process of converting solar energy into chemical energy in plants is __________.9. The use of manure as a fertilizer is an example of__________.10. The practice of planting different crops in the samefield at the same time is known as __________.三、简答题(每题5分,共20分)1. Explain the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) in agriculture.2. Describe the benefits of using compost in agricultural practices.3. What are the potential environmental impacts of using chemical fertilizers?4. Discuss the importance of biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems.四、论述题(每题15分,共30分)1. Discuss the role of biotechnology in modern agriculture and its potential implications for food security.2. Analyze the challenges and opportunities presented by the adoption of precision farming techniques.五、翻译题(每题5分,共10分)1. Translate the following sentence into English: “土壤侵蚀是农业生产中一个严重的问题,需要采取有效措施来防止。

中国农业大学考博英语真题常考疑难句及解析

中国农业大学考博英语真题常考疑难句及解析

中国农业大学考博英语真题常考疑难句及解析1.Unless they succeed,theyield gains of the Green Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes inlegumes that equip those plants to enterinto a symbiosis with nitrogen fixersare identified and isolated,and even if the transfer of those gene complexes,once they are found,becomes possible.(4)除非他们能取得成功,不然的话,绿色革命的产量收益将在很大程度上损失殆尽,即使豆科植物中使这些植物有条件进入到与固氮细菌共生关系的基因可被辨识出来和分离开来的话,且即使这些基因综合体(gene complex),一旦被发现之后,其移植得以成为可能的话。

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难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语解释:主句比较简单,而后面跟着的由and连接的两个表示让步的条件状语从句就相对复杂,第一个从句是用一个修饰主语的定语从句that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers把主谓隔开;第二个从句则运用了插入语once they are found把主谓隔开。

意群训练:Unless they succeed,the yield gains of the Green Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated,and even if the transfer of those gene complexes,once they are found,becomes possible.2.It is one of nature’s great ironies that the availabilityof nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants’leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.(3+)下述情形真可谓是自然界的一个莫大讽刺:土壤中所能获得的氮肥量往往对植物的生长构成了一个上限,虽然植物的叶子被沐浴在一片氮气的海洋中。

中国农业科学院考博英语真题2021答案解析

中国农业科学院考博英语真题2021答案解析

中国农业科学院考博英语真题2021答案解析Part ⅠVocabulary Section A1.C 译文:经过数百年的自我实施专制后,中国已经在国际事务上占有一席之地,并进入了现代历史的浪潮。

解析:cooperation合作;monopoly垄断;dictatorship专政,专制;seclusion隐居。

2.C 译文:满族人已经和保证双方地位的贵族阶层形成了联盟。

贵族人与普通平民区分开来,并且他们被给予政府部门中的专有职位特权。

解析:inclusive包含的;special 专用的,专门的;exclusive独有的,专有的;especial特别的,尤其的。

3.C 译文:理论科学是在物质环境中产生的,而应用则是思想的强力驱动力。

照这样看,他便是一位伟大的思想传播者。

解析:encouragement 鼓舞;spur鼓舞,刺激;drive驱动,常用表达 a drive to sth;driving force驱动力,推动力,常用表达driving force for sth。

4.C 译文:他们用来建立维护追随者的方法与完成这样的活动的展望也成为了现今中国政治行为的重要来源。

解析:precedents 引用单元;pioneer 先锋;source来源;resource资源。

5.B 译文:在他身上,有一个交汇点,一个斗争的典型代表,因而他是一个真正的历史人物。

解析:representation表现;representative代表,典型;symbol象征,标志;sign符合,记号。

6.B 译文:社会稳定源于各种力量的微妙平衡。

在这种连续的平衡中,可变因素已经得到了暂时的平衡。

改变一个因素便会发生一系列改变和调整。

解析:saturation饱和;continuum连续体;continuation继续;melting point熔点。

acontinuum of 连续的。

7.B 译文:成功人士如何处理一种新文化取决于很多因素,如一个人的原始教育和即将修正的具体行为解析:固定搭配,be contingent on 取决于,依赖于。

中国农业大学博士入学考试英语试题

中国农业大学博士入学考试英语试题

Part I Listening Comprehension (30 questions, 20 points)Section A (20 questions, 10 points)Directions: In this part, you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversation and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your testbook and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and draw a line crossing the letter that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.Example: You will hear:You will read: A) 2 hoursB) 3 hoursC) 4 hoursD) 5 hours1.A) He will be in the line for a long time.B) He has had experience coming to a line and waiting for a long time.C) He will not line up and wait.D) He doesn’t mind getting up early because lines don’t bother him.2.A) She isn’t knowledgeable about where things are on campus.B) The people outside are very good to ask.C) The man should not ask the registration office.D) The registration is outside of the building.3.A) Do a better job of guessing what she is expecting.B) Go talk to the professor and find out what her expectations are.C) Keep trying to work harder.D) Complain to the dean about professor Merrington’s str ict marking.4.A) He didn’t pay for it as expected.B) He bought a Horizon.C) He paid a lot for it.D) He didn’t pay that much although you might think he had..5.A) Come to the cafeteria early to get a place.B) Start cooking instead of eating out.C) Move out of the campus housing.D) Stop complaining.6.A) She is a great outdoor type.B) It is unusual for her to go mountain climbing.C) Shania prefers mountain climbing.D) Shania doesn’t really like the outdoor.7.A) Go in a couple of weeks later.B) Come as soon as he finished his case.C) Not go and work on his assignment.D) Come as soon as he is not so far behind.8.A) Who is begging the professor for money.B) What is bothering the professor.C) Why the professor is so upset.D) Who is giving the professor trouble.9.A) She doesn’t want to play here.B) He should decide where to play.C) He should call someone else.D) She would have to be there to decide.10.A) She is late for something.B) She was bored.C) She thinks they shouldn’t wa it.D) She thinks more should be achieved.11.A) He is too busy to go.B) He is late for her assignment.C) He would like to go but is afraid she cannot play well.D) He will go as soon as the assignment is finished.12.A) She thinks there is no chance of it happening.B) She thinks it’s quite possible under the circumstancesC) She is ambivalent.D) She would rather just help nurses.13.A) The man’s hand will get cold.B) The man needs to wear gloves.C) The man should hold the skis himself.D) The man should wear thinner gloves.14.A) Marge’s proofreading costs a lot.B) It will take one day for Marge to get back.C) Marge could do it but it will mean more delay.D) Marge may or may not do it.15.A) He thinks the woman should practice more.B) He think s she hasn’t practiced enough.C) He thinks the woman is now perfect at the new program.D) He thinks she practiced a lot so it’s now paying off.16.A) Look after if she is paid.B) Call Maggie to look after the dog.C) Not look after the dog.D) Look after the dog.17.A) The location of the computer.B) The new schedule.C) How to find a new home.D) The address of the website.18.A) She can go any day, but Friday is the best time.B) She can’t go any day.C) She can only go on Friday.D) She can go any day except Friday.19.A) Go to the Reeds Hotel pool.B) Arrange for a party at Reeds Hotel.C) Remind her to get things ready quickly.D) Confirm bookings at Reeds Hotel.20.A) Bill’s email is on the internet.B) Bill’s number is listed on the internet.C) Bill’s number might be on the listing on the internet.D) Bill may have moved.Section B (10 questions, 10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Questions 21 to 23 are based on the passage you’ve just heard.21. A) In ancient China.B) In ancient Egypt.C) In ancient Greece.D) In ancient Rome.22. A) In ancient Egypt only members of the royal family were allowed to useumbrellas.B) By the late 16th century the English people began to use umbrellas.C) The umbrella changed much in style in the 18th century.D) The umbrella was initially used as a sunshade.23. A) When and how the umbrella was invented.B) The making of the umbrella.C) The history of the use of the umbrella.D) The different uses of the umbrella.Passage 2Questions 24 to 27 are based on the passage you’ve just heard.24. A) Both the players and the spectators are protected.B) The players have to catch beetles in their cars.C) The ball is extremely big.D) The players have to catch the ball while driving.25. A) Dangerous.B) Exciting but dangerous.C) Protective.D) Popular.26. A) He thinks the game will be as popular as football.B) He thinks the game will be more popular than football.C) He doesn’t think the game will be more popular than football.D) He doesn’t think the game will be popular at all.27. A) Americans are only interested in new things.B) The game is popular both in America and Europe.C) Football is no longer very popular in America.D) The game can be dangerous for both the players and the spectators.Passage 3Questions 28 to 30 are based on t he passage you’ve just heard.28. A) Scientists and comets.B) The origin of comets.C) Place of comets in the solar system.D) Man’s study of comets.29. A) In 1760 B.C.B) In 1770 B.C.C) In 1780B.C.D) In 1750 B.C.30. A) The wor d ‘comet’ comes form Greek.B) People used to think that comets brought bad news as well as good news.C) Edward Halley died in 1758.D) Halley’s Comet will reappear in 2062.Part II. Vocabulary (25 questions, 25 points)Section ADirections: There 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter in theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.31. The first thing to do in seeking a position is to determine exactly what you want to do, not ______ a vagueobjective but with a definite goal.A) in any term B) in terms of C) in high terms D) in set terms32. Energy shortage, soaring inflation, rampant unemployment and threat of war have made adults Americansnervous, and that sense of pervasive worry has been ______ the nations’ youth.A)went on to D) keep up with C) passed on to D) hold on to33. The idea of trying to cheat the income tax authorities ______ his principles, he had a strong sense of civicresponsibility.A)went against B) fought against C) leaned against D) over against34. If anyone can think of a better course of action, I ______ suggestions.A) would like to B) am delighted to C) am in open D) am open to35. With technological developments, some labor-intensive industries have ______ high-tech industries.A) given up B) stepped aside C) stood along D) yielded to36. You are looking bit ______ this morning; you must have had too much alcohol last night.A)blank B) fragile C) blue D) dizzy37. As she is ______ to eggs, she cannot eat one without breaking into a rash.A) partial B) accustomed C) allergic D) relevant38. She still looks weak though her fever ______ after she took some medicine.A) educed B) caught C) got off D) came down39. Relations between the two countries began to ______ in 1965.A) deteriorate B) cease C) accelerate D) stimulate40. Economic activity has been organized on the ______ of cheap and abundant oil from the beginning of the 20thcentury until early the 21st century.A)gist B) notion C) rationale D) premise41. Owing to a/an ______ lack of lower-income housing, the municipal government is embarrassed by theimpressing housing issue.A)acute B) stressful C) demanding D) urgent42. The idea that machines could be made to fly seemed ______ two hundred years ago.A) original B) eccentric C) terrific D) splendid43. The policy ______ it necessary for the town’s safety to arrest mo st speeders.A) narrated B) elaborated C) deemed D) commended44. If you do something on _____, you do it because you suddenly want to, although you haven’t planned to.A)impulse B) pulse C) impromptu D) imminence45. If ______ numbers provide any pro of, America’s universities and colleges are the envy of the world, for theUnited States’ 3,500 institutions were flooded with 407,530 students from 193 different countries last year.A)definite B) strong C) fundamental D) sheerSection BDirections: Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.46. Shortage of land and funding are blamed for the city’s inadequate green space.A) complained about B) are liable for C) accused of D) are damned as47. The hostess didn’t know what to do, as she hadn’t got enough food to go round so many people.A)give service to B) cater for C) be enough for D) sate oneself with48. The government stressed that high production rate should not be achieved at the expense of work quality.A)at any expense B) at the cost of C) at any cost D) to the extension of49. The idea that we cannot leave everything to free market forces seems to gain groundA)be acknowledged B) be accepted C) stand still D) get the ground of50. It is reported that the country’s national debt amounts in aggregate to four thousand million dollars.A)as a whole B) on the whole C) total to D) sum up51. At its last meeting, the Council endorsed changes intended to modernize the building.A)modified B) approved C) signed D) donated52. The United States committed a breach of international practice.A) violation B) concession C) offence D) compromise53. From the start, the plan was doomed to failure, so all his effort was in vain.A) expected B) supposed C) condemned D) promised54. In feudal society where there existed a rigid hierarchy of power, the poor had no chance of advancementexcept that they could pass many different levels of examinations.A) criteria B) layer C) degree D) rank55. You shouldn’t have criticized her so harshly. You have hurt her ego.A) self esteem B) self image C) image D) esteem.Part III. Reading Comprehension (20 questions, 40 points)Directions: Read the following passages and answer the multiple-choice questions after each passage.Passage 1Too Many Science Ph. D.’s?Something is wrong when a lot of young scientists, after achieving Ph.D.'s. are feeling like losers.Its a given that the job market for science positions in academe is bleak. A doctorate is supposed to be a ticket to a dream job, but many Ph.D.'s aren't even landing their third or fourth choices.But with reliable statistics hard to come by, the scientific community is at odds over whether it is producing too many Ph.D.'s. Some scientists believe that doctoral programs should be practicing "birth control," cutting back the number of graduate students they admit. Most., however, say the answer lies in changing doctoral education which they say has been too focused on producing university scientists."It's really destructive to the profession to have the sense that Ph.D.'s aren't valued," says Ronald Breslow, a chemist at Columbia University and president of the American Chemical Society.Young scientists in the post-Cold War era are facing two major difficulties: many have had to work in postdoctoral or temporary research positions for four years orlonger, because they can't find jobs. Others, like Kathryn S. Jones, have found jobs but can't find financing for their research. Ms. Jones, a retrovirologist, got a non-tenure-track position as a research assistant professor at the University of Maryland at Baltimore, but is about to lose the job because she hasn't landed a major grant."I have a Ph.D.," says Ms. Jones, who earned it at the Albert Einstein College of'' Medicine, "I've given my data at international meetings. But because of the small percentage of success in this field, I walk around feeling like a failure."By the end of this month, the start-up money that Ms. Jones received three years ago, when she was hired by the university and the Veterans Administration medical Center on the campus, will be gone. She can keep her laboratory and her titles for up to a year, and could be back in business if she g ets a grant. But she’s not hopeful. In fact, she’s thinking about getting certified to teach high-school biology. “I have to wonder if I want to be the last rat leaving a sinking ship,” she says.A report published last spring, called “Reshaping the Graduate Education of Scientists and Engineers,” has sparked a national debate about doctoral education. Written by scholars and policy makers, it was sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.According to the report, the proportion of science and engineering Ph.D.'s employed by academe fell to 43 per cent in 1991. the most recent year for which statistics were available, from 5 I per cent in 1977. The 1993 unemployment rate was only 2 per cent for recent Ph.D. recipients and 1.6 per cent for all scientists and engineers, it said. Those figures seem low, but they include Ph.D.'s in temporary or post-doctoral positions."There is an oversupply of recent graduates for research positions in academic laboratories and federal and industrial labs," says Phillip A. Griffiths, director of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J., and chairman of the panel that wrote the report. "Beyond that, it becomes quite a bit more murky. There certainly is an oversupply of unmet expectations."Since the job market varies by field, the report said it would be unwise to set across-the-board limits on graduate enrollment. Instead, it suggested broadening Ph.D. programs for students who aren't planning standard academic careers.Scientific societies provide a more up-to-date picture of the job-market, and it is grim. In December, the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics announced an unemployment rate of 14.7 per cent for the 1,226 Ph.D.'s awarded in the field in 1994——1995——the highest rate ever reported. An additional 4.2 percent of the Ph.D.'s were in part-time jobs, and of those employed in academe, 61 per cent were not in positions eligible for tenure.Anne C. Petersen, deputy director of the National Science Foundation, acknowledges that the N.S.F. was late in recognizing the job-market woes. “The anxiety some young people have is really obvious,” she says.Foundation officials are uncertain what exactly is happening, she says, because of gaps in the data collected on Ph.D's. But the N.S.F. is committed to improving its data collection, so that better information on where Ph.D.send up is available. In the next few years, she says, the foundation will also direct money to new models of doctoral education, other than the standard one presuming that a Ph.D. will become a professor."The Ph.D. should be construed in our society more like the law degree," she says. "A lot of people go to law school with no plans to practice law."But Mark S Wrighton, president of Washington University in St. Louis and a noted chemist, believes that the Ph.D. experience should continue to be "research-intensive." He says more federal money should be put directly into the hands of graduate students, allowing them to work on their own research ideas ——and to make themselves more remarkable —and less given to the research projects of professors who hire graduate students as research assistants.56. After achieving Ph.D's, a lot of young scientists are feeling like losers, because _______.A) they have no faith in the academeB) they can only choose from three or four positionsC) it is very difficult for them to find a desirable jobD) it is impossible for them to carry out scientific work57. As we all know, the job market for science position in academe is _______.A) tight B) challenging C) small D) exclusive58. Which of the following is true according to the article?A)A) Some scientists believe that there are too many doctoral programs.B)B) Reliable statistics suggest that there are not enough Ph.D's for science positions.C)C) Most scientists argue that doctoral education should produce more competent Ph.D's.D)D) Scholars hope that the job market will be open to more Ph.D's.59. What can we learn from the experience of Ms. Jones?A)The start-up money can last three years.B)Every Ph.D has financial problems.C)Postdoctoral position is a good choice.D)Grant, jobs, and title are interrelated.60. In order to reshape the Graduate Education of Scientists and Engineers, which of thefollowing suggestions is mentioned?A)To set limits on graduate enrollment in all fields.B)To direct money to new models of doctoral education.C)To broaden Ph. D programs for students who are to be professors.D)To hire graduate students as research assistants.Passage TwoOur Love-Hate Affair with TechnologyThe entertainment we enjoy is a measure of who we are. Two recent movies ——last summers Star Wars and November's Close Encounters of the Third Kind—suggest that Americans are both fascinated with and horrified by the technological world we have shaped.Neither movie pretends to great seriousness. Star Wars is a light confection about another galaxy and era and a young man named Luke Skywalker who, thanks to an improbable series of coincidences, is drawn into a death battle against the galaxy's wicked emperor. En route to victory, he encounters a fair princess and wins her heart, if not her hand. (This is the age of liberation.)Close Encounters of the Third Kind concerns Roy Neary, an ordinary American who has an encounter with a UFO and becomes obsessed with his search for an explanation. His mission is impeded by those who do not believe in the existence of UFOs; by those who would prefer to wish the perplexing UFOs out of existence; and by those in power who, to prevent panic, deny the existence of UFOs. Luke Skywalker and every adventurer-hero since Odysseus, Neary finds an available pretty girl to accompany him on his lonely mission. In the last frame, though, he achieves a goal more lofty than marriage ——he strides into a UFO and, the ultimate American pioneer, flies away with the strange Visitors to destinations unknown.From the popularity of Star Wars, the likely success of Close Encounters, and the increasing respectability ofthe whole genre of science fiction, it is clear that our age, more than its predecessors, needs whatever consolation or reassurance science fiction affords. If all art is to some extent escapist, one might ask what it is that we are escaping from.An answer, I think, is hidden in the films' imagery. In StarWars, Luke Skywalker ekes out a living as a "moisture farmer" (whatever that may be) in a bleak desert on the remote planet of Tatooine. Apparently, the reason he lives in such an unfruitful place rather than in galactic Palm Springs is that there is no galactic Palm Springs: Evil technology has reduced the universe to wind and sand. If the technocrats (技术专家治国论者) were not so vicious and self-serving, the land would be more fruitful. Luke's mission is to replace the Bad technocrats with the Good, which he does. In a closing ceremony disturbingly reminiscent of Nuremberg Nazi rallies, Luke is rewarded with a medal (and a wink) by the princess, who represents the new, benevolent ruling class.Similarly, in Close Encounters, the world in which Roy Neary lives is corrupted by bad technology. Director Stephen Spielberg focuses his camera critically on all the mechanical paraphernalia (器材) ——toy trains, hair dryers, TV's ——with which we surround ourselves. The way the Visitors from the other planet make their presence known is by wreaking havoc on technology; turning on toys, stereos. TVs, in the dead of night; turning off the telephones and the electricity; and bewildering the air traffic scanners. The vision that obsesses Roy Neary, though, is not one of a Thoreauvian cabin in the woods, where evil technology may never trespass, but rather one of a technologically perfect world, where all the circuits enhance man's happiness.Like Neary and Skywalke, Americans are perplexed by the failure of technology to supply us with a meaningful life or a decent environment to live in. For every wonderful achievement, technology seems to deal us an equivalent kick in the shins. Travel has become more efficient and less civilized. Television has helped to raise a generation of unprecedentedly educated six-year-olds and increasingly illiterate high school seniors. We can enjoy completely enclosed and comfortable environments hundreds of feet above the sidewalk until, as witness the NewYork City blackout last summer, someone pulls the plug and the environments become inaccessible and uninhabitable. Only the most naive believe we can escape our increasingly technological environment. Recognizing that the technologizing trend is irreversible, we fantasize, with Skywalker and Neary, about a world where all the machines work with us, rather than against us, where the computer does not obstinately mis-bill, and where jets disgorge (卸下) our luggage intact at correct destinations.Regrettably, as both these films imply, the "perfect" technocracy is one over which ordinary mortals can exercise no influence. The enormity and complexity of the system preclude nonexpert involvement. Our only options in such a world would be to replace the bad technocrats, as Skywalker does, evade them, as Neary does, or trust that in their loving-kindness they will make the machines produce what we desire. Our democratic methods of trying to control our exploding technology may be less than "perfect," but they do leave man some room in which to manage his destiny.61. What is Roy Neary's mission?A) To find a pretty girl.B) To look for an explanation about UFOs.C) To fly away to destinations unknown.D) To be a member of the world of UFOs.62. What can we learn from the increasing popularity of the whole genre of science fiction according to theauthor?A) Bad technology has caused serious problems.B) Science fiction is an art of escapism.C) We need more reassurance than our ancestors.D) Science fiction offers us more entertainment than any other art63. We can infer from the passage that the author thinks that __________.A) humans are more vicious and self-serving than any other creatureB) there does not exist a Palm Springs in the universeC) farmers can only eke out a livingD) our world has been seriously damaged by evil technology64. According to the author; every technological achievementA)has changed our living styleB)has made the environment more inhabitableC)has brought us more harm than benefitD)has enhanced people’s happiness65. What is the attitude of the author toward technology?A) Supportive.B) Negative.C) Tolerant.E)Cautious.Passage ThreeComputers BugYear 2,000 Bug Unstoppable for Some ComputersWith 500 days left until the year 2,000, experts said last week, that it may already be too late for many companies to defuse the millennium computer time bomb.According to the Gartner Group, a US high-technology consultant agency, nearly a quarter of all worldwide companies have not yet started work on plans to solve the year 2,000 problems.This means most of these organizations will effectively be unable to fix their system in time.The Gartner group, which said last year that the millennium bomb rehabilitation would cost between US$300 billion and US$ 600 billion worldwide, also said in the repot published this month that only 50 percent of companies that had projects to eliminate the bug planned to test their corrected systems.Dangerous PolicyExperts said this was a dangerous policy, because correcting computer programmes often introduced new flaws. Testing was essential.The millennium computer bomb is a legacy from shortcuts by software writers, who in the name of economy expressed years with just the final two digits rather than four.When clocks tick past midnight on December 31, 1999, many unrectified computers and chips will interpret the double zero as 1900.This will turn many computer programmes to mush. Unchecked, many public utilities, assembly lines, bank teller machines, traffic lights and lifts may shut down.Some experts say the problem has been grossly exaggerated by software companies seeking to scare customers into buying the latest, bug-free products.But Graham Titterington, consultant at London consultancy Ovum, does not share this optimistic view.“The situation is pretty critical. Most companies are doing something, but are they doing enough?” he said in an interview.Titterington also said that for the vast majority of business there was no extemal check on the effectiveness of their remedial work.Running out of TimeMitul Mehta, senior European research manager at Frost & Sullivan in London, said time was running out for many companies.Companies now could only pinpoint vital computer systems for fixing. Less crucial systems would just have to run the risk of crashing and be fixed later, Mehta said.“Some crucial areas apart from computers are not getting enough attention. I don’t think networking companies have their act together – meaning manufacturers of routers, switches and network equipment like Bay (network company) and Cisco (Systems company), these kinds of companies,” Mehta said.He sa id: “ Anybody looking at their system now is probably too late anyway.”Critical SituationIn his report, Gartner Group millennium research director, Lou Marcoccio, said that of the 15,000 companies and government agencies surveyed, 23 percent had not started millennium bomb projects. Of these, 86 percent were small companies which would not have a chance to correct their systems unless they began immediately. The Gartmer report said most Western European companies and the United States had made good progress. Germany was a notable laggard.“:Eastern Europe, Russia, India, pakistan, Southeast Asia, Japan, most of South America, most of middle east and Central Africa all lag the United States by more than 21 months.“Most of Western Europe is six mo nths behind the United States, except for Germany which is 21 months behind, and France, which is eight to 10 months behind.“The US government had the lead on all other national governments by an even wider margin than the companies in those countries. Most government agencies are significantly behind the United States.” The report。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国农业科学院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷14

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国农业科学院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷14

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国农业科学院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题A centrally controlled military force was the guarantee of their continuation in power, but the army was a part of the administrative organization, and it too was()corruption.问题1选项A.more likelyB.prone toC.less likelyD.tending【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

A选项more likely“更可能的”;B选项prone to“有……倾向的”;C选项less likely“最不可能的是”;D选项tending“照顾”。

根据题意,只有“prone to易于,倾向于”符合。

A中“more likely”需要接to,构成“more likely to do sth.”才正确。

句意:虽然中央集权的武装力量是他们连续执政的保障,但是军队只是管理机构的一部分,并且它……腐2.单选题Theory and science are nurtured in material environments, and application is a powerful ()to thought. In this respect he was a great planter of ideas.问题1选项A.encouragementB.spurC.driveD.driving force【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项encouragement“鼓舞”;B选项spur“鞭策,刺激”;C选项drive“驱动”,常用表达:a drive to sth,D选项driving force“驱动力,推动力”,常用表达:driving force for sth,跟后面的“to”不搭,可排除D选项。

中国农业大学考博英语复习重点与备考方法

中国农业大学考博英语复习重点与备考方法

中国农业大学考博英语复习重点与备考方法完型填空虽然所占分值不高,但其实是综合性最强的一个题型,他不同于专项技能的题型,考察不仅是单纯词义、固定搭配和语法结构等孤立的知识点,而是从语篇的角度综合考察考生对文章的理解、词汇搭配及语法知识的运用能力,涵盖的内容更广,考察的能力更综合。

下面,我们就着重对完型的命题特点和考察内容进行分析。

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一、考点特点1.考点紧紧围绕着语篇综观近年的考题,我们发现,完型填空不是要考词义辨析、固定搭配、语法等孤立的知识点,而是从语篇的角度综合测试考生对文章的理解能力和对基础知识的运用能力。

也就是说,考生的语感及其对整篇文章的理解程度在做题中起到了至关重要的作用。

2.在上下文中的认词、辨词能力是词汇考查的重点对词汇的测试在研究生入学英语考试中应该说是无处不在的,它贯穿考卷的各个部分。

在完型填空题中重点考查考生在上下文中认词和辨词的能力。

近年来完型填空所设置的选项要求考生在掌握一定词汇量的基础上,通过大量阅读并具有一定的语感才能区分正确与错误。

测试词汇引申含义的情况也越来越多。

由此可见,考生仅仅学会大纲词汇表中的词或词组是远远不够的。

应意识到,处于考博阶段,记忆单词不能只限于一词一义,一词一用。

只有经常对词汇进行同义、反义、近义、同形、同音等多种比较,细心观察不同上下文、不同搭配的各种含义、各种用法特点,方可对它们有比较深刻全面的理解,才能有把握地选择正确的意义和搭配。

3.逻辑衔接题比重加大从近10年的考题来看,逻辑衔接题的比重加大,尤其是近5年,表现得更加明显。

这就对考生从整体上把握文章的内容,注意句际间的关系提出了更高的要求。

4.定语从句、同位语从句、倒装句、比较句与平行结构是语法考查的重点近年来,完型填空专门测试语法的题目不多,重点在词汇及对上下文的理解上,但我们发现,完型填空一旦考语法,就一定是与定语从句、同位语从句、倒装句、比较句或平行结构有关。

2024 年博士研究生学位英语考试题型

2024 年博士研究生学位英语考试题型

2024 年博士研究生学位英语考试题型
2024年博士研究生学位英语考试题型主要分为以下几类:
1. 听力理解:这部分测试考生的英语听力能力,主要包括对话、短文及问题。

考生需要根据所听内容选择正确答案。

2. 词汇与语法:这部分测试考生的英语词汇和语法知识,主要包括填空、选择题等形式。

3. 阅读理解:这部分测试考生的英语阅读能力,主要包括阅读短文及问题。

考生需要根据短文内容选择正确答案。

4. 完形填空:这部分测试考生的语境理解和词汇运用能力,考生需要根据短文内容及语境,从所给选项中选择最佳答案填入空白处。

5. 写作:这部分测试考生的英语书面表达能力,主要包括命题作文、图表作文等。

考生需要根据题目要求撰写文章或完成图表作文。

6. 翻译:这部分测试考生的英汉互译能力,主要包括英译汉和汉译英两种形式。

考生需要准确翻译所给短文或句子。

需要注意的是,不同地区和高校的博士研究生学位英语考试题型可能略有差异,具体题型以实际考试大纲为准。

建议考生参考历年真题和考试大纲进行复习备考。

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2015中国农业大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看,由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大,对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高,特别是听、说能力。

攻读博士学位的学生,一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力,另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。

二、中国农业大学考博英语题型Part1:词汇20分(20个小题)Part2:阅读理解40分(4篇短文每篇短文5小题)Part3:翻译20分(英译汉,10分;汉译英10分)Part4:写作20分三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。

在当当网,亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售,也可以联系我们直接购买。

四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后,就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系,询问是否有招生名额,能否报考,这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。

大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。

因为太早,学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定,报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额;太晚的话,怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。

一般情况下,导师对一个学生很中意的话,后来联系的学生,导师一般也不会答应其报考了。

在此说点题外话,联系导师的过程中,如果读研期间的导师有关系,可以尽量利用。

如果没有,也没关系,凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的,这就要看自己了。

通常跟导师初次联系,都是发邮件。

导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种:(1)、欢迎报考。

这种答复最笼统,说明不了问题。

我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通,看看具体的进展,避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。

(2)、名额有限,可以报考,但有竞争。

很多人说这样的回复不满意,认为希望很小一般会被刷。

其实这样还是比较好的一种回答,最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己,考的好就可以上。

(3)、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关,欢迎报考什么的话。

不可否认,这是最好的情况,你可以放心的去考,一般不会出问题的。

但不排除偶然,像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题,可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。

总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事,关系只是占一部分,自己努力了就行,不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。

初次联系好导师后,一定要注意跟导师保持联系。

每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况,交流一下科研方向,这很有必要。

一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造,另一方面显得你虔诚好学。

五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍,包括题干和答案。

这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容,大概是怎么回事。

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2、没听懂的题目,就放弃它,千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。

这样会引起头脑的混乱。

3、相信第一感觉,听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。

人的大脑有时候会混淆的。

因此很多情况下不是你选错了,而是改错了。

因此轻易别选,但是选了之后轻易别改。

(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。

当录音人开始宣读Directions时,考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项,预测考点,从而做到心中有数。

通过先看选项,可以明确题目多方面的信息。

(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。

“录音不等人”,所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。

其实,听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制:约每分钟140词,每个问题后有约15秒停顿。

拍子已经固定,我们要做的是跟上节奏,过分的紧张只会造成混乱,直接影响发挥。

答题时,考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题),剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。

一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案,马上进入下一题的节奏。

千万不可拖泥带水,否则破坏了节奏,可能造成随后的简单题目失分。

答案选定后可放松一口气,然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。

(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。

听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试,它往往考的不是考生是否听见,而是考考生是否听懂。

把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里,等着考生把它挑出来,在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。

绝大多数题目,要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳,对应到选项中。

如此一来,我们不光得竖起耳朵听,还得开动脑筋想。

这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字,却选不出答案。

要避免这种情况,请注意正确答案的固定特征:(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样,说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。

考博听力中,专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实,他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶,也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。

重读的每一处都具有提示作用。

因而,从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。

重音和语调是最为重要的线索。

辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。

(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段,听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。

我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。

六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的,看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架,具体的问题我们可以不管,但文章的层次必须弄清楚。

只有弄清了文章的层次,具体的问题才好归类,结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。

另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上,细枝末节上基本没有涉题,于是就会发现,原文几百字的文章,真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已,其余的东西都可省。

当我们划去冗余,就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。

可见,对于考博阅读,若要高效正确的征服,必须学会快速分析文章的主干。

这就是基于逻辑的阅读,上升到理论层面的阅读模式。

下面进行具体分析:(1)主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次,个人以为要弄清文章主旨,段落中心以及段落内部的次中心,这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。

常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。

当然也有非常规的情况,这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。

找主旨需要慢慢训练,常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析,这样能力就能够很快地提升。

(2)常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑,那么,一般的都有哪些逻辑呢?通过一般归纳总结,大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。

这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容,阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读,辨明逻辑主线,在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上,会有很好的效果。

也许,在做考博阅读之初,很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面,出现这种情况,并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知,而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。

现在将框架简单介绍如下:框架1:提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2:叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3:提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4:两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析,弄清逻辑,以上列出的是主干,还需进一步分析到枝叶,这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。

到段落级别,文章中心也容易辨出,多数文章中心在首末,少数会出现在段中。

于是在理解阅读文章的时候,在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句,观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。

一般情况,较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案,当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。

(3)暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方,也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。

在考博阅读中,出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方,常见的有段落的中心和次中心;对于非中心,考博文章一般不会考察。

这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。

上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽,但对于微观题,我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。

下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节:1)所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。

2)转折和因果。

在阅读中,最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来,因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度,相对一般句子更有强调性。

例如:because,for,but,however……3)表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现,当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点,但值得一读。

阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情,所以平时应做好积累。

例如:agree,acknowledge,assert,see,insist,according to,find,think,believe,show,point out,content,acclaim,say等4)特殊标点符号,有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等,均有或强或弱的强调意味,主要的特殊标点符号有:——、()、“”等。

5)情态动词。

should,must都能表达作者感情的因素,能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点,理应重点阅读。

6)特殊句型。

例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety,……,Significantly,……副词在句中起着很大作用,能反映态度,能表程度,这种特殊句型更有强调的成分,值得多阅读分析。

7)有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。

上面列举的一些重点特征很多,无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。

阅读文章的时候,仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。

阅读时快速画出重点,仅阅读含有重点特征的句子,对文章进行“减肥”,以提高阅读效率。

(4)选项特点1)正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。

b、相对原文语法变化,如原文中的被动变为主动。

C、正面反面,即原文句子的否定形式,答案变成肯定的正面叙述;原文是肯定形式,从正面叙述,答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。

d、AB角度,原文从A角度叙述某事,而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情,本质不变。

e、具体抽象,即原文具体事例,答案变为抽象概括,或反之。

2)干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文,个别词语不同。

b、一半信息符合原文,一半信息不符。

c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。

d、与原文叙述的内容相反。

e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。

f、含有绝对化的词语,如only,always,never,all,everything,anything,everywhere,everybody,nobody。

g、逻辑错误,因果颠倒等。

最后,育明考博提醒:要做好考博英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上,从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。

平时做题把自己的对错记录在答案上,试题上最好不要标注答案,以后再练习时就能通过与以往的对比感受自己的进步,看到自己的不足。

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