2019年考研必背常考英语词组(二)

2019年考研必背常考英语词组

（二）

必背词组——短语动词

benefit from通过……获益；从……中受益；得益于[真]得益于

2008年阅读Text4

Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A]Some Founding Father benefit politically from slavery.[B]Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C]Slave owners usually had large saving accounts.

[D]Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.

blame on把责任推给……；归咎于[真]归咎于

2013年翻译

When we are deprived of green,of plants,of trees,most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions,until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.

bring about

引起；导致

[真]引起

2007年阅读Text3

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.[A]financial risks tend to outweigh political risks [B]the middle class may face greater political challenges[C]financial problems may bring about political problems[D]financial responsibility is an indicator of political status

必背词组——其他词组be applicable to适用于；适当；可实施[真]适用于

2005年阅读Text2

The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because.

[A]they both suffered from the government’s negligence

[B]a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C]the outcome from the latter aggravates the former[D]both of them have turned from bad to worse

be biased against

有偏见

[真]有偏见

2014年阅读Text4

The author implies in Paragraph5that professors are.[A]supportive of free markets

[B]cautious about intellectual investigation

[C]conservative about public policy

[D]biased against classical liberal ideas

be busy with

忙于

[例]忙于

As often as I visit her,she is always busy with work.

because of因为，由于[真]因为，由于

2012年阅读Text2

Now the company is suddenly claiming that the2002agreement is invalid because of the2006 legislation,and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues.

be cautious about

对……谨慎

[真]对……谨慎

2014年阅读Text4

The author implies in Paragraph5that professors are.[A]supportive of free markets

[B]cautious about intellectual investigation

[C]conservative about public policy

[D]biased against classical liberal ideas

be concerned with参与；干预；关心；关于[例]关心

If we were not able to picture the world in a hundred years or more,would we be concerned with global warming?

be confronted with

面对

[例]面对

Be confronted with the past with the least regret.Be confronted with the present with the least waste. Be confronted with the future with the most dreams.

be conscious of

知道；意识到；察觉到

[例]意识到

We won't be conscious of how important something is until the moment we lose it.

be considered as被认为是；被看作[真]被看作

2009年翻译

Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted,and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

be dependent on依靠；依赖；取决于……；有赖于……[真]有赖于……

2000年翻译

In any case,all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower factor in the conduct of the institution.

be deprived of

被剥夺；丧失；不能享有

[真]不能享有

2014年阅读Text4

The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.

be dominant over支配；主导；控制[真]控制

2013年阅读Text4

What can be learned from the last paragraph?

[A]Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.

[B]Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.

[C]Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination With Congress.[D]The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

be eager to盼望；渴望；热切想做[真]热切想做

2011年阅读Text3

Consumers may create“earned”media when they are.[A]obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites

[B]inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them

[C]eager to help their friends promote quality products

[D]enthusiastic about recommending their favourite products

be entitled to有……的资格；有权[真]有……的资格

2010年翻译

Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and,if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.

be exposed to暴露于(险境)；遭受(危险或不快)；受……的影响(或熏陶)；接触[真]遭受(危险或不快)

2011年阅读Text4

It is suggested in Paragraph3that childless folks.[A]are constantly exposed to criticism

[B]are largely ignored by the media

[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities

[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life

be generous to对……慷慨[真]对……慷慨

2014年阅读Text1

What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all. [B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.

be immune to(对疾病)免疫，有免疫力；不受影响[真]不受影响

2010年阅读Text2

We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents.

[A]are immune to legal challenges

[B]are often unnecessarily issued

[C]lower the esteem for patent holders

[D]increase the incidence of risks

be inclined to

倾向于；想要

[真]倾向于

2005年阅读Text1

Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are.

[A]more inclined to weigh what they get

[B]attentive to researchers‘instructions

[C]nice in both appearance and temperament

[D]more generous than their male companions

be interested in对……感兴趣；有兴趣；关心[真]对……感兴趣

2013年阅读Text1

People are more interested in unaffordable garments.

be likely to可能[真]可能

2011年阅读Text4

It is suggested in Paragraph3that childless folks.

[A]are constantly exposed to criticism

[B]are largely ignored by the media

[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities

[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life

be obliged to不得不；必须；感激；感谢[真]感激

2004年翻译

We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.

be obsessed with痴迷于……[真]痴迷于……

2011年阅读Text3

Consumers may create“earned”media when they are.[A]obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites

[B]inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them

[C]eager to help their friends promote quality products

[D]enthusiastic about recommending their favourite products

be puzzled by

对……迷惑；困惑

[真]对……迷惑

2009年阅读Text4

The story of John Dane shows that less well educated New

Englanders were often.

[A]influenced by superstitions[B]troubled with religious beliefs[C]puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings

be regarded as被认为；被看作[真]被看作

2008年阅读Text4

Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A]Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B]Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.

[C]Slave owners usually had large savings.

[D]Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.

be resistant to

反对；抵制；抗拒；有抵抗力；不受……损害

[真]抗拒

2006年阅读Text1

The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S..[A]are resistant to homogenization

[B]exert a great influence on American culture[C]are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population

be satisfied with对……满意；满足于；称心[真]对……满意

2011年阅读Text4

It is suggested in Paragraph3that childless folks.[A]are constantly exposed to criticism

[B]are largely ignored by the media

[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities

[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life

be second to

仅次于……

[真]仅次于……

2004年阅读Text4

What does the author think of intellect?[A]It is second to intelligence.

[B]It evolves from common sense.[C]It is to be pursued.

[D]It underlies power.

be subject to受……影响；易遭受；受……支配；服从[真]受……支配

2012年阅读Text2

In2006,the state went a step further,requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval.

be unlikely to不太可能；未必会发生[真]不太可能

2011年完型

But despite some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the

heart and its blood vessels,boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption.But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain,a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.

be unprepared for无准备；没有预料；措手不及；不乐意；不情愿[真]无准备

2007年完型

Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was unprepared for self-rule and democracy.

be vulnerable to脆弱的；易感染(某种疾病)；易受伤害；易受影响[真]易受影响

2006年阅读Text3

The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that.[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment

[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared

[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today

[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones

be willing to

乐意；愿意

[例]愿意

He added that if I were ever in India,he would be willing to see me and”enjoy togetherness”.

be worth doing值得(拥有)；具有(某一行动)的价值；值得(做)[例]值得(做)

The question is not worth discussing again and again.

by accident偶然；意外[例]偶然

I ran into an old friend by accident yesterday in the park.

by all means(表示许可)好的；当然可以[例]当然可以

“May I borrow your bike?”“By all means.”

by chance

偶然地；意外地

[例]偶然地

Everything happens for a reason.Nothing happens by chance or by means of good luck.

by/in contrast相比之下；与……相反；与……截然不同；与……对比鲜明[例]相比之下

He had almost failed the exam,but his sister,by contrast,had done very well.

by means of用；以；通过……[真]通过……

2000年翻译

Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problem arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

by nature

生性；按其固有的性质；就其本质

[例]生性

He was very generous by nature.

by way of

作为……；采用……方法；通过；经由；取道

[例]经由

He is traveling to London by way of France.[例]通过

It is good to learn English by way of listening and speaking.

识记词组——短语动词back up后退；支持；备份的，后备的(back-up)

[例]后退

The crowd was ordered to back up three Paces.[例]支持

Whatever happens,I will back you up.[真]备份的，后备的(back-up)

2007年阅读Text3

As a result,they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback--a back-up earner (usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off,or fell sick.

bear/keep in mind

牢记；记住

[真]牢记

2012年阅读Text2

But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission(NRC)reviews the company's application,it should keep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth.

bear out

证实；支持

[真]证实

2012年翻译

Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis,suggesting that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals.

begin with从……开始[真]从……开始

2004年阅读Text2

Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.

benefit by受益[例]受益

Some employers,such as his university,already benefit by offering a great deal of flexibility,he said. bet on

打赌；希望；期待

[真]期待

2006年段落信息匹配

David Williams'suit should trouble this gambling nation.But don't bet on it.

bid for投标；努力争取[例]努力争取

To bid for the2008Olympic Games,Beijing is waiting for such a chance to contribute her part to the Olympic culture as a whole.

boast of/about自夸；夸耀[例]自夸

It was the enemy's boast of impregnability that caused their own defeat.

Do not boast about tomorrow,for you do not know what a day may bring forth.

break up

结束(婚姻关系)；(婚姻关系)破裂；解散；拆开；打碎；分解

[例](婚姻关系)破裂

Their marriage broke up.[例]解散

The crowd broke up.[真]拆开

2012年阅读Text1

It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates.

bring/carry/put into effect

实行；实施

[真]实施

2000年段落信息匹配

As a result of all these factors governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and

social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.

bring forth产生；提出[例]提出

Did you bring forth your suggestion at the meeting yesterday?

bring in赚得；挣(钱)；引入[真]赚得

2006年阅读Text2

It is the playgoers,the RSC Contends,who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.

bring into带进；使开始[例]带进

Appreciate what others bring into your life and how they help shape your life.

bring out激发；阐明；出版；推出(产品)[例]推出(产品)

The company will bring out a new car next month.[真]激发

2011年翻译

In fact,circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been "wronged"then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.

bring together

集合

[真]集合

2006年阅读Text2

In Europe as elsewhere,multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television,radio,newspapers,magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.

build on/upon把……建立于；以……为基础[真]以……为基础

2010年阅读Text3

Building on this basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.

burn down

烧毁；(把……)烧成平地

[例]烧毁

A fire burned the house down.

burn out烧坏；烧尽[例]烧尽

The candle burnt out.

burn up烧毁；烧起来；烧得更旺[例]烧毁

My father has burnt up old letters.[例]烧得更旺

Put some wood on the fire and make it burn up.

burst into

突然……起来；突然发作

[例]突然……起来

Maria looked at the picture,and then to my surprise she burst into shouts of laughter.

burst out突然发生；突然……起来；大声叫喊[例]大声叫喊

"Get out！"she burst out.

burst upon/on突然来到；突然出现[例]突然出现

A sound burst upon our ears.

buy into购买(公司或机构)的股份[例]购买(公司或机构)的股份

She has bought into a shoe-repair shop.

buy off

贿赂；收买

[例]收买

If you’re trying to buy me off,I’m afraid you’ve come to the wrong person.

buy out买下全部股权或产权；出钱使(某人)免掉服役[例]买下全部股权或产权

Having bought out all his partners,he now owns the whole store.

buy up大量买进；全部买下[例]大量买进

America‘s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.

识记词组——其他词组back and forth反复地；来回地

[例]来回地

He said that he had been shuttling back and forth between Texas and Louisiana for the past few years. [例]来回地

He walked in the room back and forth and said nothing.

bad debt呆账(收不回的账)[真]呆账(收不回的账)

2010年阅读Text4

Today they argue that market prices overstate losses,because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets,not the likely extent of bad debts.

badly off贫困的；(for)缺少[例]贫困的

He is not as badly off as you think.[例](for)缺少

Many schools in rural areas are badly off for teachers.

be able to能；会[真]能

2009年阅读Text3

Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education.

[真]能

Clearly,only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.

be addicted to沉迷于；对……上瘾[真]对……上瘾

2006年完型

Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs.

be aware of

了解；觉察到；意识到

[真]了解

2009年完型

Above all,they would hope to study a fundamental question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?

[例]意识到

I was not aware of the danger.

be beneficial to有益于[真]有益于

2001年阅读Text4

All these are beneficial,not detrimental,to consumers.

be bothered with被……烦扰[真]被……烦扰

2011年阅读Text4

Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn't have had Kids,but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping

baby-size holes in their lives.

be bound to必定；一定[例]必定

Confucius said"If three men are walking together,one of them is bound to be good enough to be my teacher.”

be bound up with与……密切相关[真]与……密切相关

2000年翻译

Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

be central to对……来说是很重要的[例]对……来说是很重要的

When people talk about climate change they know that China is going to be central to any solution to that global problem.

be different from

与……不同

[真]与……不同

2005年翻译

This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market,whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.

be crucial to对……至关重要[真]对……至关重要

2013年阅读Text3

Secrecy is crucial to this police operation.be characterized by

以……为特征

[真]以……为特征

2009年段落信息匹配

He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the"survival of the fittest"in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger,more advanced races and societies.

be disappointed at

对……失望

[例]对……失望

They might be disappointed at you for a little time,but they will get over it eventually.

be distracted by对……心烦意乱；被……分心[例]被……分心

You may need a lot of imagination to see that,because you‘re going to be distracted by the weird motion of the other two objects.

be enrolled in入伍；入学[真]入学

2000年阅读Text5

The journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.

be equal to

与……相当

[真]与……相当

2008年阅读Text1

In several of the studies,when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries(the female reproductive organs)removed,their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

be equipped for

准备好；为……做好准备

[例]为……做好准备

To be equipped for conflict.according to Phillips,requires"self-anaesthesia",which he sees as a dominant motif in postwar British life.

be equivalent to等同于；相当于[真]相当于

2011年阅读Text4

In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation,is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?

be essential to

对……必不可少的；非常重要的

[真]非常重要的

2010年翻译

It tends to ignore,and thus eventually to eliminate,many elements in the land community that lack commercial value,but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

be faced with

面对

[例]面对