2019年高考英语二轮复习专题一 名词
2019年高考英语二轮复习第一板块阅读理解之题型篇一第1讲【细节理解题】
2019年高考英语二轮复习第一板块阅读理解之题型篇一第1讲【细节理解题】专题一阅读理解[全国卷3年考情分析]题型与题量卷别细节理解题推理判断题主旨大意题词义猜测题考情分析从统计表可以看出，高考英语阅读理解的题型设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾主旨大意题和词义猜测题。
细节理解题相对简单，而其他三种题型相对较难。
在近两年的考查趋向上，细节理解题的答案更加隐蔽，叙述含蓄，直接信息题会越来越少，取而代之的将是事实细节题加入许多推理、判断、归纳等元素；推理判断题的难度会适当加大。
本专题将对这四种题型进行递进式的指导。
2018卷Ⅰ7521卷Ⅱ9321卷Ⅲ93212017卷Ⅰ7611卷Ⅱ5622卷Ⅲ66212016卷Ⅰ10311卷Ⅱ7512卷Ⅲ8412第一讲细节理解题——定位信息巧比对细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。
因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。
但有些细节理解题由于命题人故意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目需要仔细地思考、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。
尽管细节理解题相对简单，但不可掉以轻心。
细节理解题常见的考查题型有：直接信息题、间接信息题、概括细节理解题和正误判断题。
一、题型特点要知晓(一)细节理解题常见设问方式1．特殊疑问句形式。
以when,where,what,which,who,how much/many等疑问词引出的问题。
2．判断是非形式。
含有TRUE/FALSE,NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。
此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not,never等。
3．以“According to...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。
如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from________.(二)细节理解题正确选项特征同义替换指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。
2019年高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解习题讲1【间接细节理解题】
2019年高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解习题讲1【间接细节理解题】细节理解题常分为直接细节理解题、间接细节理解题和概括细节理解题。
间接细节理解题相对于直接细节理解题而言难度要大，命题的迷惑性更大，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。
考生不能从原文中直接找到答案，而是要对原文信息稍加归纳才能得出正确答案。
[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)...Of the common berries,strawberries are highest in vitamin C,although,because of their seeds,raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质),iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein)．Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质)．The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries(樱桃),they are so delicious who cares? However,they are rich in vitamin C....24．What does the author seem to like about cherries?A．They contain protein.B．They are high in vitamin A.C．They have a pleasant taste.D．They are rich in antioxidants.[解析]选C在该选段中，作者比较了草莓、蓝莓、樱桃和核桃类水果各自不同的优点，从其中“As for cherries(樱桃),they are so delicious who cares？”这句话可知，人们喜欢樱桃是因为它们味道甜美。
2019届高考英语(江苏专版)二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分 专题1 第4讲 名词性从句
第四讲 名词性从句1．(2016·江苏高考，21)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A．why B．whatC．as D．thatD [考查主语从句。
句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。
分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，故选D项。
It is often the case that...可视为固定句式，意为“通常情况下……”。
] 2．(2015·江苏高考，25)________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.A．That B．WhyC．Where D．HowC [考查名词性从句引导词的选择。
句意：中国的大诗人李白的出生地众所周知，但有些人还不认可。
分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet是Li Bai 的同位语，where Li Bai...was born是主语从句，表示“李白出生的地方”。
] 3．(2014·江苏高考，26)—What a mess！You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame，mum.I am ________ you have made me.A．how B．whatC．that D．whoB [考查名词性从句引导词的选择。
句意：“真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！”“妈妈，我不应该受到责备。
我这个样子都是你一手造就的。
”分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作me的补足语，相当于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me.。
2019年高考英语二轮：知识点归纳
2019年高考英语二轮：知识点归纳注意事项：认真阅读理解，结合历年的真题，总结经验，查找不足！重在审题，多思考，多理解！无论是单选、多选还是论述题，最重要的就是看清题意。
在论述题中，问题大多具有委婉性，尤其是历年真题部分，在给考生较大发挥空间的同时也大大增加了考试难度。
考生要认真阅读题目中提供的有限材料，明确考察要点，最大限度的挖掘材料中的有效信息，建议考生答题时用笔将重点勾画出来，方便反复细读。
只有经过仔细推敲，揣摩命题老师的意图，积极联想知识点，分析答题角度，才能够将考点锁定，明确题意。
1、sensitiveadj,敏感的；体贴的；善解人意的；灵敏的。
搭配：〔be〕~~to~~2.sentencen(c)句子；宣判，判刑〔c/u〕aprison/jail~~判处监禁Vt.宣判，判决，判刑搭配：~~sb(tosth)Eg;besentencedtodeath/threeyears3.separrate1)vt/vi,〔使〕分开，分离，分散搭配：~~AfromB2)adj.a.单独的，独立的，分开的〔定，表〕搭配：~〔fromsb/sth〕b.不同的，不相关的〔定〕4、Serious,adj,1〕不好的，严重的，有危险的aseriousproblem/illness2〕必须认真的考虑的；严肃的a~article3〕严肃的，稳重的a~person4〕当真的，认真的。
搭配：~~~aboutsb/sth/doingsthEg;Heisseriousaboutwantingtosellthehouse5.sevantn(c)仆人；职员；雇员apublic~~公务员6、Servev.1)招待〔顾客等〕Areyoubeingserved?有人接待你吗？2)〔给。
〕提供，端上~~sbsth=~sthtosb~sth(withsth)够多少人吃或用Thisdishwill~fourhungrypeople.3)vt/vi〔为。
2019届高考英语二轮复习名词考点讲解(4页,word版)
2019届二轮复习名词考点讲解【考情分析】(1)名词在高考中的考查重点：1．名词词义辨析2．名词的数3．名词作定语4. 名词所有格5.抽象名词具体化6. 名词与冠词的结合考点一名词辨析1.注意一词多义的名词.2.注意形似意异名词3. 注意近义和同义名词的用法。
考点二名词的数1．可数与不可数名词名词的可数与不可数是一个十分复杂而又非常重要的问题。
许多名词通常是不可数的，但在一定的情况下又可以变为可数名词。
(1)物质名词一般不可数，如：milk，gold，coffee，beer，但有些可用作可数名词，表示特殊意义，如：an icecream(一份冰淇淋)，a light rain(一阵小雨)。
(2) 抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可用作可数名词。
difficulty 困难；a difficulty 一件难事experience 经验；an experience 一次经历failure 失败；a failure 一位失败者，一件失败的事knowledge 知识；a good knowledge 丰富的知识success 成功；a success 一位成功者，一件成功的事surprise 惊奇；a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事honour荣誉；an honour一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事如：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
His new book was a great success.他的新书获得巨大成功。
(3) 有些不可数名词后面加s时表示特殊意义time 时间times 次数；时代；倍数glass玻璃glasses 眼镜wood 木头woods 树林sand 沙子sands 沙滩paper 纸papers 试卷；论文；报纸wish 愿望wishes 问候如：She wears a pair of glasses.她戴着一副眼镜。
2019高考英语第二轮查漏补缺专题集训(1)名词(基础 提升,含详解)
专题限时训练(一) [名词](限时：15分钟)1. The badly wounded in Lushan earthquake would take________for medical attention over those who were slightly hurt.A. promotionB. propertyC. proposalD. priority2. The house has many interesting________. The one I like best is a large Victorian fireplace.A. aspectsB. appearancesC. featuresD. preferences3. Mail order is a ________for buyers who are too busy to shop.A. considerationB. curiosityC. convenienceD. capacity4. Confidence is more than just an attitude; it comes from a strong commitment to take________，rather than just let life happen.A. considerationB. effect;C. responsibility D. account5. If the housing bubble continues to expand at the same speed it has done in the past decade, the ________ will be destructive when it bursts.A. commitmentsB. complaintsC. communitiesD. consequences6. According to those experts, there is already clear________to indicate that the falling temperature of this spring is indirectly affected by the global warming.A. witnessB. evidenceC. identityD. a ssumption7. Because of the continuous bad weather, the building work of the bridge over the Yangtze River is far behind ________.A. regulationB. procedureC. scheduleD. campaign8. Beyonce, a leading________in the music industry, gave birth to her daughter on Saturday.A．statue B．figure;C．brand D．attraction9. The south of France has positive________for me as I used to holiday there with my grandparents and cousins as a child.A．association B．complimentC．promotion D．consequence10. A suitable ________ to the engine of his sec ondhand car was made to improve its working condition.A．achievement B．admission;C．assessment D．adjustment11. In the near future, more ________ in the spa ce technology will be made by scientists, which are playing a more and more important part in our daily life.A. advantagesB. adventuresC. advancesD. advertisements12. Nowadays, a growing group of dieters are trying extreme calorie ________ for a long life byeating less food.A．reservation B．restrictionC．distinction D．discrimination13. Government should adopt laws that would ban advertising and other types of ________ of tobacco products.A．delivery B．spread;C．promotion D．discount14. Plenty of ________ has been paid by the government to safety issues of the children on school buses.A. concentrationB. attentionC. influenceD. attraction15. The exciting news that Mo Yan won the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature renewed people's enthusiasm towards literature, which is a great ________ to the development of Chinese literature.A．motivation B．contributionC．significance D．devotion16. David got promoted in three months, for his boss realized that he was a man of considerable ________ .A．confidence B．competenceC．independence D．tolerance17. Greg's ________ to be critical made him unpopular with his coworkers, so he couldn't choose but be an indoorsman.A. willingnessB. tendencyC. expectationD. promise18. When you decide to start a family, you make a(n)________to them. You shouldn't turn your back on the people who love you.A．contribution B．commitmentC．devotion D．effort19. He had only a limited________with Russian literature. No wonder your lecture was beyond his comprehension.A. commandB. agreementC. achievementD. acquaintance20. It is reported that the government is considering removing a ________on immigration from other countries into its countr y.A．reservation B．restrictionC．qualification D．preservation专题限时训练(一)1．D 句意：与受轻伤的人相比，那些在庐山地震中受伤严重的人将会优先得到医疗救助。
2019届二轮复习语法专题名词考点解读（6页）
2019届二轮复习语法专题名词考点解读在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。
在语法填空和短文改错中，解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。
(一)语法填空常考点1．名词复数的规则变化1．As we know, McDonald’s is one of the bestknown restaurants (restaurant) in the US and even around the world.2．Yesterday the firemen (fireman) examined the ground but were not able to find any clues to the cause of the fire.3．If a young man wants to become a singer, he should take some special courses (course) in this area because they will help him improve singing abilities.4．As far as I know, two car thieves (thief) have been caught in our community.5．We have made preparations (prepare) to move to new offices.6．—How can I take the medicine, sir?—Just follow the directions (direct) on the bottle.7．It is not what you are thinking about but how you can put it into practice that counts.8．The dream of going to the firstclass universities attracts us greatly and we have made up our minds to achieve it.9．She cycled round the corner, lost her balance and fell off.10．Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. On the other hand,_it could just put you in debt.。
2019年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破专题01名词65
专题01 名词【2019年高考考纲解读】高考对名词词义辨析以及习惯搭配用法的考查将仍然是重点。
名词除了独立考查其词义辨析外，还常结合其他项目一起考查，题型以单项填空、短文改错、完形填空及单词拼写等形式出现，考查要点主要包括：1．考查名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。
名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。
另外，高考还考查容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。
2．考查名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
3．考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。
这种现象主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。
如：shelter n．庇护，避难所→vt.保护，躲避，避难； storm n. 暴风雨，大动荡→vi.&vt.横冲直撞，猛攻；shoulder n. 肩，肩膀，肩部→vt.肩负，承担；trail n．小径，痕迹→vt.追踪。
【重点、难点剖析】一、名词词义辨析同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。
平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。
二、名词固定搭配高考中常常借助名词的固定搭配在具体语境中的运用考查名词。
解答此类试题，不仅要掌握名词的意义，体会语境，还要牢记常用的名词固定搭配。
如：have/gain access to得以进入/会见/接近；take advantage of利用，趁……之机；make fun of取笑，嘲弄等。
三、抽象名词具体化抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等而没有实物的名词。
抽象名词具体化后变成可数名词，前面可加不定冠词，用来强调其具体表现形式或表示某一次短暂的动作，常意为“一次……的事情；一个……的人；一种……的东西”。
如：抽象名词具体意义success成功 a success成功的人或事failure失败 a failure失败的人或事pleasure乐趣 a pleasure令人高兴的事pity同情 a pity令人遗憾的事relief宽慰 a relief令人宽慰的事beauty美，美丽 a beauty美人surprise惊奇；吃惊 a surprise一件意外的事concern关心 a concern一件令人关切的事四、名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数形式，如a mountain village, stone houses, coffee cup，但man和woman 作定语时要随着所修饰的名词的数的变化而变化。
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1.学生了解高考中名词的考查方向:可数/不可数;名词单复数;词形转换及所有格2.学生识记常见的不可数名词3.学生掌握名词变复数的基本规则及常见不规则变化名词4.学生能熟练转换词形Teaching emphasis and difficulties:1.易考的不可数名词。
2.名词的单复数变化及其特例。
3.名词词性变化。
Teaching procedures:Part 1 感知高考1.Finish the following exercises:(2018全国卷1)a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __________ (cause)(2017 全国卷1) This trend ...has had some unintended side __________ (effect）such as overweight and heart disease.(2018全国卷1)They had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.(2017 全国卷1) The instructor kept repeating the word “ speed up !” “ slow down!”2.Present learning goals.Part 2 考点剖析考点一：常见的不可数名词1.advice2.equipment3.baggage/luggage4. work(工作)5. homework6.housework7.furniture8. poetry诗歌总称9.air 10. water 11.hair 12.knowledgermation 14.money 15.news 16.progress17.traffic 18.music 19.weather 20.permission21.behaviorExercises:单句改错(16.全国II) If we go on a trip abroad we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.(16.四川) Mom has a full-time job but she has to do most of the houseworks.(15.全国I) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier考点二:名词复数1.一般情况加–s2.以s sh ch x 等结尾的词加–es(特例：stomachs)3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y 为i 再加es4.以y 结尾的专有名词，直接加-s变复数(two Marys; the Henrys )5.以o结尾的名词，直接加-s(除：heroes; tomatoes; potatoes)6.以f/fe结尾的名词一般直接加-s(除 wifeknifewolfthiefshelfselflifehalfleaf)7.不规则变化及几个复合名词的复数形式：goose--geese; ox—oxen;mouse—mice; passers-by; lookers-on; grown-ups; men/women doctors.Exercises:1. Two ________(月)ago three________(英雄) caught four ________(小偷). They made them plant some ________(土豆) and ________(竹子) in two ________(动物园). They also made their________(妻子们) return the four big ________(箱子) with some precious ________(照片) and________(刷子) in them.2. Two editors-in-chief(主编) three ____________ (男教师) and five ____________ (女医生) together with their __________(孩子们) went to the market. They decided to buy two ________(绵羊) three ________(鹿) four ________(公牛) five________(鹅) and six white ________(老鼠) with three ________(脚) and six ________(牙齿).考点三:单复数形式相同的部分名词means(方法) series (系列) species(物种，种类) works(著作工厂)sheep deer Chinese Japanese国家人的名词助记：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。
考点四：总是以复数形式出现的词及用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气arms武器 ashes灰烬 stairs楼梯 belongings所有物 savings积蓄findings调查结果congratulations祝贺 regards问候 thanks谢谢wishes祝愿 fireworks焰火 goods商品 spirits情绪surroundings环境单句改错：Mom I know I have never expressed my thank to you before.考点五：部分抽象名词或物质名词可以转化为可数名词考点六：常见的名词后缀-an/-ian; -ant; -ee; -eer; -er; -ese; -ess; -ist; -or; -age; -acy; -al; -ance/-ence; -ancy/-ency; -bility; -dom; -ion/-sion/-tion/-ation/-ition; -ment; -ness; -ship; -th; -ure .常考词：pressure failure musician physician employee/employer operatorinterviewee/interviewer volunteer performer/performance hostess director survivor marriage refusal survival arrival approval diligence convenience tendency disability possibility freedom wisdom solution conclusion destruction exxxxxpression impression competition depth truth length growth strength.Exercises:1.Apple's new machine the Lisa proved to be an expensive ________ (fail)2.This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.（2013·新课标全国）3.I ran into my neighbor Dennis yesterday afternoon.He asked if I wanted two tickets to the theater. He had season tickets but couldn't go to this ____________ (perform)4.--Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency--Well you know English is my __________ (strong). So it is my best choice.考点七：名词所有格常见考查形式：a day’s work; twenty minutes’ ride; the moon’s surface; the government’s plan; China’s development; at the doctor’s; the barber’s; at my uncle’sExercises:1.When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.(2011・新课标全国）2.Once I broke a neighbor window. Seeing no body around I ran away immediately.Part 3 答题技巧：1，不定冠词aan后用名词单数形式；2，有somemanyallbothseverala fewa number ofone of等修饰时名词用复数形式；3，谓语动词是复数，名词作主语时确定名词为复数；4，根据句意来决定名词的形式。
1.I’m a _________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.2.Since then—for all these year—we have been allowingtomatoes to self-seed where they please.3.Recent ________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if ….4.Any smell might attract natural ________ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.。