文艺复兴时期歌剧【英文】
Renaissance英国文学文艺复兴时期
• 2) It advocates the full expression of individualism and the fulfillment of one’s abilities, against the despotic（专制的） rule of feudalism. It declares that the purpose of life is the unrestrained and self-sufficient practice of one’s "virtues", the competent and delighted exercise of one’s skill. • 3) It affirms the delight of earthly achievement, as well as man’s desire for happiness and pleasure. Its preoccupation is with this life and it exposes the hypocrisy（虚伪） and debauchery （放荡）of the clergy.
• The rise of the bourgeoisie soon showed its influence in the sphere of cultural life. The result is an intellectual movement known as the Renaissance, or, the birth of letters.
Outline of British Literature
1. Anglo-Saxon Period 盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(449-1066) 2. Anglo-Norman Period 盎格鲁- 诺曼时期(1066—1485） 3.The Renaissance文艺复兴时期（15世纪后期—17 世纪 初） 4.The 17th Century (Age of Revolution and Restoration)17世纪文学 5.The Enlightenment 启蒙时期（17世纪后期—18世纪中 期） 6.The Romanticism浪漫主义时期（1798-1832） 7.The Critical Realism 批判现实主义时期（19世纪30年代1918） 8.The Modern Period现代主义时期（1918-1945） 9.Contemporary English Literature 当代文学（1945— 至 今）
文艺复兴_英文简介
Renaissance humanist,Catholic priest, and a theologian from The Netherlands. 伊拉斯谟（1466-1536）是一 家荷兰文艺复兴时期的人文 主义者，天主教神父和神学 家
Pieter Bruegel the Elder（老彼得·勃鲁盖 尔）
Map of Italian City-States (1494)
Siege of Constantinople – 1453 君士坦丁堡的陷落
Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul in Turkey) was the capital of the Byzantine Empire（拜占庭 帝国）, the last vestige of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Michelangelo (1475-1564)
Pieta, is a sculptureof Mary holding the dead body of Jesus.
Michelangelo (1475-1564)
Ceiling of Sistine Chapel（西斯 廷教堂） took four years to
《巨人传》.
1492 in Spain!
Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas Granada was taken (this event is called the Reconquista), thus unifying the Iberian Peninsula Intensification (增强) of the Spanish Inquisition Jews and Muslims were expelled from the country 克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现美洲 格拉纳达（此事件被称为“收复失地运动），从 而 统一了伊比利亚半岛 西班牙宗教裁判所的强化 犹太人和穆斯林驱逐出境
Opera 西方歌剧
Language
Types Masterpieces
It can be adapted to different languages
Italian opera, German-language opera,
French opera, English-language opera, Russian opera, etc.
Theatre, Movies
The Marriage of Figaro
Carmen
Cats
The Phantom Of the Opera
THANKS FOR WATCHING
Western Opera
Originally understood as an entirely sung piece, in contrast to a play with songs, opera has come to include numerous genres, including some that include spoken dialogue such as musical theater（音乐剧）, Singspiel（德国歌唱剧） and Opéra comique（法国喜剧歌剧）. In traditional number opera, singers employ two styles of singing: recitative, a speech-inflected style and self-contained arias（叹咏调）. The 19th century saw the rise of the continuous music drama.
The 20th century saw many experiments with modern styles, such as atonality（无调性） and serialism（序列音乐）, Neoclassicism（新古典主义）, and Minimalism（极简主义）.
外国歌剧历史发展
外国歌剧历史发展外国歌剧的历史发展可以追溯到古希腊时期，但其现代形式主要是在16世纪末至17世纪初在意大利形成的。
以下是外国歌剧历史发展的一个简要概述：1. 古希腊和罗马：古希腊的悲剧和喜剧是歌剧的早期形式，它们结合了音乐、诗歌和戏剧。
罗马的戏剧也有类似的形式，如弗拉托（Fratto）和萨托（Satura），它们包含了音乐和戏剧元素。
2. 中世纪：在中世纪，宗教剧（Mystery Plays）和奇迹剧（Miracle Plays）等形式的戏剧开始出现，它们通常在教堂外演出，包含了宗教故事和道德教训，音乐和歌词被用来增强戏剧效果。
3. 文艺复兴：文艺复兴时期，意大利成为音乐和艺术的中心。
这一时期，牧歌剧（Pastorale）和室内歌剧（Opera da Camera）等形式的歌剧开始出现，它们通常是较小规模的，为私人聚会或节日而作。
4. 17世纪：17世纪，歌剧在意大利得到了进一步的发展，特别是在佛罗伦萨、罗马和威尼斯等地。
这一时期，歌剧开始采用更加连贯的剧情和角色，以及更加复杂的音乐和声乐技巧。
5. 18世纪：18世纪的歌剧发展进入了一个黄金时期，特别是在意大利、法国和德国等国家。
这一时期，出现了许多著名的歌剧作曲家，如乔治·弗里德里希·亨德尔（Handel）、巴赫（Bach）和卡尔·海因里希·格鲁克（Gluck）等。
6. 19世纪：19世纪是歌剧的另一个重要时期，出现了许多著名的作曲家和作品，如罗西尼（Rossini）、贝利尼（Bellini）、多尼采蒂（Donizetti）、威尔第（Verdi）和普契尼（Puccini）等意大利作曲家，以及法国的柏辽兹（Berlioz）、德国的瓦格纳（Wagner）等。
7. 20世纪：20世纪的歌剧继续发展，出现了许多现代和实验性的作品，如斯特拉文斯基（Stravinsky）的《春之祭》（The Rite of Spring）和贝尔格（Berg）的《沃采克》（Wozzeck）等。
文艺复兴系列歌曲名
文艺复兴系列歌曲名文艺复兴是欧洲历史上一个重要的艺术和文化运动，涵盖了15世纪至17世纪。
在这个时期，许多音乐家和作曲家通过创作一系列的歌曲，展示了他们对艺术和人文主题的热情。
以下是一些与文艺复兴相符的歌曲名，并对其中一些进行拓展。
1. 'La Fiera' (野兽) - 这首歌曲通过音乐表现了文艺复兴时期对野兽和自然世界的独特兴趣。
通过巧妙的旋律和和声，这首歌曲将人们带入了一个神秘而充满活力的自然环境。
2. 'Il Giardino dell'Amore' (爱之花园) - 这首歌曲展示了文艺复兴时期对爱情和浪漫主题的迷恋。
通过轻柔的旋律和温暖的歌词，这首歌曲传达了对爱情的赞美和探索。
3. 'La Luce della Conoscenza' (知识之光) - 在文艺复兴时期，知识和学术成为了人们的追求目标。
这首歌曲以欢快的节奏和动听的旋律，表达了对知识的热爱和对人文主题的渴望。
4. 'La Danza della Vita' (生命之舞) - 这首歌曲以欢快的舞曲形式展现了文艺复兴时期对生活的热情和对快乐的追求。
它通过活力四溢的旋律和充满活力的歌词，传达了对生命的庆祝和享受。
5. 'La Bellezza dell'Arte' (艺术之美) - 艺术是文艺复兴时期的核心，这首歌曲通过优雅的旋律和细腻的歌词表达了对艺术之美的崇敬和赞美。
它将人们带入了一个充满创造力和想象力的世界。
这些歌曲名以文艺复兴时期的主题为灵感，通过音乐和歌词展示了那个时期的文化和艺术特点。
通过创作这些歌曲，音乐家们在文艺复兴的浪潮中传递了对艺术、知识、爱情和生命的热情，为后世留下了宝贵的艺术遗产。
文艺复兴英文简介
The Renais sanceT he Renais sance refers to the period in Europe an civili zatio n toward s the end of the Middle Ages, whichwas charac teriz ed by a surgeof intere st in classi cal learni ng and values.1.The origin of the Renais sanceThe Renais sance emerge d when social instab ility, econom ic sluggi shnes s and intell ectua l depres sionbecame so intole rable that most of the people, especi allythe intell ectua ls couldno longer accept the worsen ing situat ion. The Renais sance as a moveme nt firststarte d in Floren ce and then expand ed to Venice, Rome and otherItalia n cities before it sweptthe rest partsof Europe. Painti ng and sculpt ure were the most sensit ive fields to the change with theirsubjec ts and tastes, shifti ng from dullne ss, stagna tion,lack of emotio n and divini ty to dynami cs, enthus iasmand humani taria nism.Litera tureand ideolo gy soon follow ed as otherimport ant areasprocee ded and the moveme nt furthe r separa ted itself from feudal istic tyrann y, eccles iasti c bondag e and sought intell ectua l freedo m and ideolo gical emanci patio n.2.The charac teris ticsof the Renais sanceThe Renais sance is charac teriz ed by seekin g ideolo gical emanci patio n, intell ectua l freedo m and politi cal awaren ess, basedon cultur al produc tionand religi ous reform ation. All thesewere undert akenor unfold ed gradua lly but widely, extend ing its influe ncesto everycorner of Europe, with more and more people gettin g involv ed. The achiev ement s were seen princi pally in six areas,namely, painti ng, sculpt ure, poetry, fictio n, dramaand religi ous reform ation as well as the change in the cultur al and intell ectua l climat e.3.The influen ce of the Renais sanceThe Renais sance was an import ant stagein the histor icalproces s of the Wester n civili zatio n and indica ted a transi tiona l period from the Middle Ages to the modern era in the develo pment of Wester n cultur e. Econom ic and intell ectua l change s during the Renais sance both helped to speedup Wester n social and cultur al develo pment and prepar ed the necess ary condit ionsfor the rapidprogre ss in politi cal, social and ideolo gical areasof the Modern Age.文艺复兴是指由于意大利最早产生了资本主义萌芽，13世纪末在意大利兴起，以后扩散到西欧各国，16世纪盛行的一场思想文化运动。
意大利喜歌剧
意大利喜歌剧意大利喜歌剧（ Italian art-opera)诞生于19世纪末的佛罗伦萨，是文艺复兴时期意大利民族音乐文化的代表。
当时欧洲各国音乐家把意大利称为“歌剧的故乡”。
在它被正式搬上舞台之前，作为歌剧和清唱剧的前身形式早已经出现。
这些在音乐会上表演的短小戏剧不仅在内容和形式上更接近于今天的喜歌剧，同时，由于它们是在比较严肃的音乐厅里面演出，所以，它们又被称为“歌剧院歌剧”。
当时的意大利虽然不是歌剧的发源地，但作曲家们根据古希腊、罗马的传统和意大利民间歌舞音乐的精华，创造了一种新型的音乐体裁，为后来歌剧的形成奠定了基础。
C。
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巴里作品的歌剧院歌剧（ Opera court opera），被认为是西方歌剧最重要的奠基者。
在他的带领下，诞生了被称为第一部真正意义上的喜歌剧《女仆做夫人》。
今天，我们看到的喜歌剧实际上有三种类型：以意大利歌剧学派为代表的正歌剧（ opera comune）；以德国歌剧学派为代表的轻歌剧（ opera funebre）；以法国歌剧学派为代表的浪漫喜歌剧（ opera romain）。
正歌剧的特点是：庄严、雄伟、壮丽。
其结构大都采用三部曲式，包括序幕、四幕、尾声，共三个乐章，采用带再现的三部曲式，与通常意义上的喜歌剧的音乐形式相差无几。
正歌剧往往以咏叹调和宣叙调作为歌剧的主要表现手段，乐队在其中占有突出地位。
C。
S。
巴里作品的歌剧院歌剧（ Opera court opera），被认为是西方歌剧最重要的奠基者。
C。
S。
巴里在他的作品中，确立了自己的美学思想。
巴里认为，正歌剧不应该只表现出一般的爱情和生活的描写，还应该有戏剧性的矛盾冲突和高尚的道德标准。
正歌剧不仅能表现当代人物的思想感情，而且要通过崇高的悲剧使观众从中吸取教训。
因此，他非常强调戏剧矛盾冲突的性质，注意塑造典型的人物形象，力求歌颂具有积极社会意义的行为，揭示和鞭挞受社会压迫、受剥削的人们的反抗精神。
文艺复兴英文PPT
Brief of shakespare
William Shakespeare ,who was a thinker, writer,
dramatist, and poet . He was born in a wealthy family in 1564. He has the strong cultural base, but has not read the university. When 18 years old marries with 26 year old female. He had study in the "grammar school", but after his father bankruptcy ,he had to dropout. At 21 years old who went to work in theatre of London . Later he began stage acting, and writing plays and poems.
1) comedy:
1595，A Midsummer Night's Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》 1596，The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》 1598，The Merry Wives of Windsor 《温莎的风流娘儿们》 1598，Much Ado About Nothing 《无事生非》 1599，As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》 1600，Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》
1.Political background
After long years of domestic year England enjoy a prosperity during
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Pastoral Drama In this convention the purity and simplicity of shepherd life is contrasted with the corruption and artificiality of the court or the city. Intermezzo Was a lighter, more comedic scene interpolated between more serious scenes. Opera Either comedic or serious, some dialogue but accompanied with music. Singing used to frame and enhance the action of the play.
The Renaissance and Shakespeare
GHS Fall 2012
Cultural movement that spanned the periods of the 14th through the 17th centuries It was not a uniform process. Not every country experienced the “Rebirth” at the same time.
Dates back to Florence, Italy in the late Sixteenth century (1500’s). The purpose that lead to creation of Opera was the need to understand Greek drama and how music was an integral part of drama. Even Gregorian chants of the Medieval period were a type of liturgical musical dramas, but the Opera looked to the classical period for its inspiration.
Opera https:///watch?v=PfyHMZWMnQ Intermezzo https:///watch?v=Cap3qdSP RJw Pastoral https:///watch?v=5cj0rly3JxY https:///watch?v=UCIx07t14j w&feature=related
It imitated Greek musical drama, and incorporated the chorus and actors together. For two hundred years, this art form accelerated. The libretto, scenery, costumes, dance, music, etc. saw vast improvements and expansion. Orchestration, vocal virtuosity etc. expanded the Opera to a high art form.
Art accelerated in production and quality from the Medieval period.
Important artists of the period= Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.
A move toward Humanism and a desire to seek the “truth” about nature, God, and man. Christianity was not rejected; many works were devoted to it.
Renaissance started in Italy in the 1300’s. Learning focused on classical sources such as the Romans (Latin), Greeks, and Arabic and Hebrew texts.
By the 15th and 16th centuries, European nations had established their own native traditions, religious dramas and farces based on Greek and Roman plays. Drama of the Renaissance mirrored or reproduced classical themes.
The Elizabethan Period marked the beginning of the Renaissance in England It lasted 45 yrs, or the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603). During this period all Arts blossomed, but Drama and Theater excelled like no otf ancient texts long forgotten, including Greek Christian works that would lead to the Protestant reformation. The period marked a period of Church reforms and eventually movements that would birth the American and French Revolutions.