英语句子成分精讲
(完整)英语句子成分讲解(详细)

英语句子成分讲解一、定义1。
词类:名词(n。
): 表示人或事物的名称。
名词分为专有名词和普通名词;普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词;可数名词分为个体名词和集合名词;不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。
动词(v.): 表示动作或状态等.动词根据其后是否可直接跟宾语, 可分为两类, 分别是: 及物动词(可直接跟宾语)、不及物动词(不能直接跟宾语,若要跟宾语,必须加上某个介词).形容词(adj。
): 用来修饰名词或代词.形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态, 和特征的程度好坏,与否.形容词作定语修饰名词时, 要放在名词的前边。
但是如果形容词修饰以—thing结尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后.副词(adv。
):用来修饰动词、形容词或副词.副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词, 说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词, 是一种半虚半实的词。
副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。
介词(prep。
):用在名词、代词等前面, 表示与别的词的关系。
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。
介词后面一般跟名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。
介词和它的宾语构成介词词组, 在句中作状语, 表语,补语或介词宾语。
介词分为:地点(位置、范围)介词、方向(目标趋向)介词、时间介词、方式介词、涉及介词、其他介词。
连词(conj.): 用来连接词与词或句与句。
连词是一种虚词, 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词, 短语与短语以及句与句的作用。
连词主要可分为两类: 并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。
从属连词用来引导名词性从句和状语从句.冠词(art。
):用在名词前帮助说明其词义。
冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或之后,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。
冠词是一种虚词, 分为定冠词the和不定冠词a、an。
代词(pron。
英语语法精讲——句子成份分析

第一讲英语的句子结构步骤一:句子结构的解析一、句子成分一个句子一般由两部分组成,即主语部分(subject group)和谓语部分(predicate group)。
句子成分(members of the sentence)是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
句子由各个成分所构成。
1.主语主语(subject)是一个句子的主题(theme),是全句所述说的主体,一般置于句首。
可用于作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1)名词作主语 e.g. A tree hasfallen across the road.2) 代词作主语 e.g. You’re not far wrong.3) 数词作主语。
e.g. Three is enough.4)名词化的形容词作主语 e.g. The idle are forced to work.5)副词作主语 e.g. Now is the time.6)名词化得介词作主语 e.g. The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.7) 不定式作主语 e.g. To find your way can be a problem.8)动名词作主语 e.g. Smokingis bad for you.9)名词化的过去分词作主语 e.g. The disabled are to receive more money.10) 介词短语用作主语e.g. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.11) 从句用作主语 e.g. Whenever you are ready will be fine. 12) 句子做主语 e.g. “How do you do” is a greeting.主语可由一个以上的名(代)词等构成,这种主语可叫作并列主语。
e.g. He and I are old friends.英语常用无人称的名词作主语。
英语句子成分详解方法精选全文完整版

可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语句子成分一、英语句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
1)主语subject主语是一个句子的主体,是全句叙述的对象,是句子要说明的人或事物,即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于句首。
The girl can sing many English songs.We are students. / This is my pen. Yours is on the desk.The blind need more help.To speak loudly in public is not polite.Smoking is bad for your health.2)谓语predicate谓语是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的动作或状态,常由动词担任,一般位于主语之后。
谓语有时态和语态的变化,且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I love you. You hate me. You hurt my heart.I have an English-Chinese dictionary. He has one too.We can play the piano.She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.3)宾语object宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象,是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。
常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now.They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.She wants to go home.We enjoy playing football.【注意】:某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。
英语句子成分详解

英语句子成分详解英语句子成分详解句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。
一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。
句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语、同位语等。
一.主语:主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme),是句子所述说的主体、对象。
它的位置一般在一句之首。
可用作主语的有一个单词、短语、“疑问词+不定式”、从句等。
1.名词作主语。
如:A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。
)Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。
)2.代词用作主语。
如:He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑) Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation. 假期里大家都过得很愉快。
3.数词用作主语。
如:Three is enough. 三个就够了。
Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。
4.名词化的形容词用作主语。
The old and the young are taken good care of in that village.5.副词用作主语(极少见)。
如:Now is the time. 现在是时候了。
6.名词化的介词作主语。
如:The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.我们必须承受人生之沉浮。
7.不定式用作主语。
如:To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
It is impossible to defeat a person who never gives up.要打败一个永不放弃的人是不可能的。
8.动名词用作主语。
英语句子成分划分讲解精编版

英语句子成分划分讲解精编版
英语句子成分划分是理解句子结构和意义的关键。
一个完整的英语句子通常包含主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等成分。
下面是对这些成分的详细讲解:
1. 主语(Subject):表示句子主要描述的对象,通常位于句子的开始位置。
例如:The cat(主语) sat on the mat.
2. 谓语(Predicate):表示主语执行的动作或状态,紧跟在主语之后。
例如:The cat(主语) sat(谓语).
3. 宾语(Object):表示动作的接受者或行为的受益者,可以出现在句子
的不同位置。
例如:The cat(主语) played with a ball(宾语).
4. 定语(Adjective):修饰名词,描述名词的特征或属性。
例如:The big cat(定语+名词) sat on the mat.
5. 状语(Adverbial):修饰动词、形容词或副词,描述动作发生的时间、
地点、方式等。
例如:The cat(主语) sat(谓语) quietly(状语).
6. 补语(Complement):补充说明主语或宾语的身份、状态或特征。
例如:The cat(主语) was a kitten(补语).
通过理解这些成分,可以更好地分析句子的结构和意义,提高阅读和写作能力。
同时,要注意英语句子结构的多样性和复杂性,同一个句子成分在不同的语境下可能有不同的含义和功能。
英语句子成分及五大基本句型精讲

英语五种基本结构和句子成分含义一、五种基本句型1.“主语+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例:He often runs before breakfast.分析:”He”(主语) runs(谓语)此句型结构中的谓语动词一般为不及物动词或不及物动词短语。
2.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例:I study English.分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
此句型中的谓语动词一般为及物动词或及物动词短语。
例:He can take care of himself.3.“主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。
例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our teacher”(主语)“taught”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例:Our teacher asks us to write a short story..分析:“our teacher”(主语)“asks”(谓语动作)“us”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to write a short story”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
英语句子成分知识点

英语句子成分知识点一、句子成分的定义与基本概念。
1. 主语(Subject)- 主语是句子陈述的对象,表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。
一般由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式或从句等充当。
- 例如:- Tom likes reading.(“Tom”是名词作主语,表示动作“likes”的执行者)- She is a good student.(“She”是代词作主语)- Three is a lucky number.(“Three”是数词作主语)- Reading books is my hobby.(“Reading books”是动名词短语作主语)- To see is to believe.(“To see”是不定式作主语)- What he said made me angry.(“What he said”是从句作主语)2. 谓语(Predicate)- 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
由动词充当,在不同的时态和语态下有不同的形式。
- 例如:- He runs every day.(“runs”是动词的一般现在时形式,作谓语,表示主语“He”的动作)- They were watching TV at that time.(“were watching”是动词的过去进行时形式,作谓语)- The window was broken by the boy.(“was broken”是动词的一般过去时的被动语态形式,作谓语)3. 宾语(Object)- 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词或介词后面。
可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式或从句等充当。
- 例如:- I love apples.(“apples”是名词作宾语,是动作“love”的对象)- She gave him a book.(“him”是代词作间接宾语,“a book”是名词作直接宾语)- He wants to drink some water.(“to drink some water”是不定式短语作宾语)- They are talking about how to solve the problem.(“how to solve the problem”是从句作介词“about”的宾语)4. 表语(Predicative)- 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征和状态的,常位于系动词(be, become, get, look, seem等)之后。
英语句子成分详解方法

英语句子成分一、英语句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
1)主语subject主语是一个句子的主体,是全句叙述的对象,是句子要说明的人或事物,即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于句首。
The girl can sing many English songs.We are students. / This is my pen. Yours is on the desk.The blind need more help.To speak loudly in public is not polite.Smoking is bad for your health.2)谓语predicate谓语是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的动作或状态,常由动词担任,一般位于主语之后。
谓语有时态和语态的变化,且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I love you. You hate me. You hurt my heart.I have an English-Chinese dictionary. He has one too.We can play the piano.She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.3)宾语object宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象,是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。
常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now.They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.She wants to go home.We enjoy playing football.【注意】:某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。
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一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名词)2.We often speak English in class. (代词)3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)5.Smoking does harm to the health.(名词)6.The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词)7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(从句)8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it是形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students.注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
(四)表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。
例如:1.Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)2.Is it yours?(代词)3.The weather has turned cold.(形容词)4.The speech is exciting.(分词)5.Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)6.His job is to teach English.(不定式)7.His hobby is playing football.(动名词)8.The meeting is of great importance.(介词短语)9.Time is up. The class is over.(副词)10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。
1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher.2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting.3)表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:He seems (to be) very sad.4)感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.5)变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如:He became mad after that.6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:The rumor proved false.His plan turned out a success.(五)宾语宾语(Object)表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
例如:1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday.(名词)2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代词,动名词)3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(名词,数词)4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词,名词)5.He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)6.I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)7.I think(that)he is fit for his office.宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please. To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等,例如:He sent the novel to William yesterday.For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等,例如:She bought a gift for her mother.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.下列动词只能接不定式做宾语ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等,如:He refused to lend me his bike.下列动词只能接动名词做宾语admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等,如:John has admitted breaking the window .下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语,但意义不同,如stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。
(六)宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语(Object Complement),才能使句子的意义完整。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补)。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
例如:1.His father named him Dongming.(名词)2.They painted their boat white. (形容词)3.Let the fresh air in. (副词)4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. (不定式)5.We saw her entering the room. (现在分词)6.We found everything in the lab in good order. (介词短语)7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)(七)定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。
定语可由以下等成分表示:1.Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.(名词)4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons.(定语从句)(八)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语(Adverbial)。
可由以下形式表示:1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years.3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must continue.9种状语种类如下1. How about meeting again at six?st night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.(九)同位语(Appositive)对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释,通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任,如:This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.(十)插入语(Parenthesis)对一句话做一些附加的解释,通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe---)等,如:To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.练习一).指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. It is obvious that money doesn’t grow on trees.(二)。