2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案(2)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案
（2）
Stress at Work and Still Healthy
The term could yet become the word of the year： stress is on everyone's lips these days and everywhere.Not only
managers,officials and teachers are complaining
nowadays,housewives,children and pensioners now also have
their own problems.They too sacrifice themselves for
others,feel under- or overworked and quickly lose their inner balance.Irritation,tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow.-
But that is only the negative aspect.Stress,after all,is also
linked to positive terms such as joy of life,tension and
vitality （活力）。
"Firstly,stress is healthy," says Wolfgang Stehling from
Eltvelle.The doctor and management consultant says： "It occurs when the body loses its inner balance,but then stress hormones are produced to re-establish the balance." Thus
stress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the body
to pressure.It is unavoidable as part of our nature： "There is no such thing as a stress-free life."
But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or .to
tenseness of the muscles depends on the duration （持续时间）,its cause or causes and the sufferer's personal
situation.People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from bad
moods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world and
will take every little strife as negative
stress.Others,people who feel refreshed at every new turn,are
relaxed and successful,will view a difficult round of
negotiations or competition at work more as a positive
challenge than a cross to bear.
Exercise,healthy eating and relaxation are thus the three
pillars by which stress can be conquered almost every
time.These factors form a unit,explains Marita Voelker-
Albert,spokeswoman for the government's Nutrition Advice
Center in Cologne.Its campaign "Gut Drauf' （Feeling Good）
is targeted at young people.The government agency's research
suggests that three out of four adolescents feel
tired,overtaxed （负担过重） and under stress.Eating
disorders and complaints such as migraines （偏头痛） and indigestion （消化不良）,nervousness and concentration
problems have increased among 12- to 16-year-olds.
But even the best solutions don't work if they are not
put into practice,says Stehling.Anybody who goes jogging
regularly,practices yoga （瑜伽功） and prescribes good
literature as a cure for negative stress,may well end up
under more pressure as he tries to find the time for it
all.Sometimes,says the consultant,it helps to take time out
to reduce stress levels over a weekend.
6 Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress？
A Stress has both positive and negative aspects.
B Stress is only a positive reaction of the body to
pressure.
C Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature.
D Stress only leads to serious problems.
7 A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feel
A fit and healthy.
B under-or overworked.
C irritated,tired and exhausted.
D relaxed and happy.
8 Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress？
A Those who are in good moods.
B Those who suffer from the flu.
C Those who are successful.
D Those who feel refreshed at every new turn.
9 All the following complaints are said to have increased among children aged 12 to 16 EXPECT
A painful headache.
B indigestion.
C loss of memory.
D nervousness and concentration problems.
10 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress？
A Reading good literature.
B Practicing yoga.
C Working overtime.
D Having a healthy diet.
[参考答案]6.D 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C。
职称英语卫生类a级全真试题及答案详解（2）
职称英语卫生类a级全真试题及答案详解（2）职称英语卫生类a级全真试题及答案详解A: nameB: distinguishC: captureD: separate答案:A解析:本题是对动词的考查。
题干：警察让他辨认小偷。
题干画线词identify意为“认出”。
四个选项：name意为“认出;说出”，distinguish意为“区分”，capture意为“抓住”，separate意为“分开来”。
故选A。
(12)He decided to quit smoking because of his cough.A: take upB: put upC: set upD: give up答案:D解析:本题是对动词的考查。
题干：因为咳嗽，他决定戒烟。
题干画线词quit意为“离开，辞职”，quit smoking意为“戒烟”。
take up 意为“从事，占据”，put up意为“举起，挂起”，set up意为“建立”,give UP意为“放弃”，所以正确答案为D。
(13)An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of theDepartment of State.A: treeB: divisionC: rootD: leaf答案:B解析:本题考查名词。
题干：中央政府的一个重要部分是外交部，它是国务院的一个部门。
画线单词branch 的意思是“分支”。
四个选项：tree意为“树木”，division意为“分支”，root意为“根源”，leaf意为“树叶”。
根据题干，正确答案为B。
(14) He decided to give his son everything he owned after his death.A: gainedB: hadC: gotD: caught答案:B解析:本题是对动词的考查。
2020年职称英语卫生A阅读理解真题及答案
2020年职称英语卫生A阅读理解真题及答案2020年职称英语卫生A阅读理解真题及答案Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化)The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原)of northern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional, and this is a good description of these semi-arid(半干旱)lands, which occupy much of the Western African countries of Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad.Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land in agriculture use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desert advances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. Overgrazing-keeping too many farm animals on the land-means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted. Over cultivation-trying to grow too many crops on poor land-results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soil erosion(侵蚀)follows, and the land turns into desert.Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together,to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat for otherplants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventually the fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust.The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. They are, however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Mali funded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management off or rest, while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的)agricultural economy. This may be a model for similar projects in other West African countries.36.【题干】The Sahel zone is an area which _____.【选项】A.is covered with sad and grassB.has a long historyC.occupies much of South NigeriaD.belongs to Sudan【答案】A【解析】37. 【题干】What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?【选项】A.The deserts are replaced with grasslandsB.The deserts are expandingC.the deserts are moving northwardsD.the deserts are being deserted【答案】B【解析】38. 【题干】The word "deteriorated" in paragraph2 means _____.【选项】A.deepenedB.sufferedC.slippedD.worsened【答案】D【解析】39. 【题干】What is the root cause of desertification?【选项】A.poor farmingB.overpopulationC.radical climate changeD.disappearance of rare plant species。
2020年职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解练习题及答案(2)
2020年职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解练习题及答案(2) The Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this：“No wonder you are fat.All you ever do is eat.”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing.Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of norm al weight.”How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting?Well，dieting can be effective，but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University，did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories aday1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital，they all regained.The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of foodor breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.Thin people，however，suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of theUniversity of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range3.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.词汇：skip/skIp/v.跳过 obese/Eu5bi：s/adi.肥胖的metabolic/metE5bClIk/adj.新陈代谢的psychiatric/7saIkI5Atrik/adj.精神病的abnormal/Ab5nC：ml/adj.异常的注释：1. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.他们被给予一种流食配方，每天提供600热卡。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案(2)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案（2）Stress at Work and Still HealthyThe term could yet become the word of the year： stress is on everyone's lips these days and everywhere.Not only managers,officials and teachers are complainingnowadays,housewives,children and pensioners now also have their own problems.They too sacrifice themselves forothers,feel under- or overworked and quickly lose their inner balance.Irritation,tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow.-But that is only the negative aspect.Stress,after all,is also linked to positive terms such as joy of life,tension and vitality （活力）。
"Firstly,stress is healthy," says Wolfgang Stehling from Eltvelle.The doctor and management consultant says： "It occurs when the body loses its inner balance,but then stress hormones are produced to re-establish the balance." Thus stress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the body to pressure.It is unavoidable as part of our nature： "There is no such thing as a stress-free life."But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or .to tenseness of the muscles depends on the duration （持续时间）,its cause or causes and the sufferer's personal situation.People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from bad moods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world and will take every little strife as negativestress.Others,people who feel refreshed at every new turn,arerelaxed and successful,will view a difficult round of negotiations or competition at work more as a positive challenge than a cross to bear.Exercise,healthy eating and relaxation are thus the three pillars by which stress can be conquered almost everytime.These factors form a unit,explains Marita Voelker-Albert,spokeswoman for the government's Nutrition Advice Center in Cologne.Its campaign "Gut Drauf' （Feeling Good）is targeted at young people.The government agency's research suggests that three out of four adolescents feeltired,overtaxed （负担过重） and under stress.Eatingdisorders and complaints such as migraines （偏头痛） and indigestion （消化不良）,nervousness and concentration problems have increased among 12- to 16-year-olds.But even the best solutions don't work if they are notput into practice,says Stehling.Anybody who goes jogging regularly,practices yoga （瑜伽功） and prescribes good literature as a cure for negative stress,may well end upunder more pressure as he tries to find the time for itall.Sometimes,says the consultant,it helps to take time outto reduce stress levels over a weekend.6 Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress？A Stress has both positive and negative aspects.B Stress is only a positive reaction of the body to pressure.C Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature.D Stress only leads to serious problems.7 A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feelA fit and healthy.B under-or overworked.C irritated,tired and exhausted.D relaxed and happy.8 Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress？A Those who are in good moods.B Those who suffer from the flu.C Those who are successful.D Those who feel refreshed at every new turn.9 All the following complaints are said to have increased among children aged 12 to 16 EXPECTA painful headache.B indigestion.C loss of memory.D nervousness and concentration problems.10 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress？A Reading good literature.B Practicing yoga.C Working overtime.D Having a healthy diet.[参考答案]6.D 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C。
2020年职称英语综合类A级真题及答案(2)
2020年职称英语综合类A级真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A. badB. politeC. similarD. usual2. Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A. loveB. surpriseC. doubtD. anger3. Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A. energenticB. physicalC. regularD. free4. Our aggrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.B. confusionC. doubtD. relief5. Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A. evidenceB. dangerC. caseD. picture6. I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A. longB. originalC. humorousD. boring7. He demolished my arguments in minutes.A. disprovedB. disputedC. acceptedD. supported8. The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.B. sellC. closeD. break9. Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.A. immediateB. greatC. equalD. moderate10. I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A. privateB. generalC. goodD. special11. Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.A. attractB. encourageC. requireD. spend12. He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解精选试题
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解精选试题Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a BoostEating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they comein the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch （RPS）1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel healt h. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch”, said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,3 Spain.Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistantstarch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）。
关于职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读题「附答案」
关于XX年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读题「附答案」Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack out economic plants: forty are known to attack corn, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there could soon be critical food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world.Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled, on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight which killed virtually every. chestnut tree in North American. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result of that, it wasestimated that one million people died of starvation and related aliments.Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases. Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. A plant can also be inoculated by man. Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form of a mold or smut or rust. Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection.1. How many diseases are known to attack wheat?A) Around 30,000B) Around 140C) Around 29,960D) Around 402. Aording to this passage, which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked?A) A world war.B) Border conflicts.C) Rations of grain and meat.D) Social upheavals.3. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A) Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have asusceptibility to them.B) The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing condition change.C) A blight killed virtually every chestnut tree in North American.D) A blight may be a national infection.4. Aording to the passage, some plant diseases can be prevented byA) killing parasites.B) inoculationC) Killing insectsD) improving growing conditions5. Which of the following statements is not true?A) Some plant diseases may be caused by bacteria.B) Some plant diseases may be caused by pathogens.C) Some plant diseases may be caused by fungus.D) Symptoms are always helpful in identifying diseases.Keys: DDABD。
2020年职称英语卫生类A级模拟题及答案(2)
2020 年职称英语卫生类 A 级模拟题及答案（ 2 ）二、匹配题（概括大意与完成句子（每题 1 分，共8 分））16、Successful Language LearnersSome people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes.Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; theyare willing to make mistakesand try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.1. Paragraph 1 ________2. Paragraph 2 ________3. Paragraph 3 ________4. Paragraph 4 ________A. Ways to Learn a Language SuccessfullyB. Learning a language PurposefullyC. Learning a Language ActivelyD. Learning a Language IndependentlyE. Learning from MistakesF. Learning to Think in the Target Language 标准答案：A,D,C,B17、5. Successful language learners derive conclusions6. Independent Language learners rely on themselves7. Active language learners seize every opportunity8. The author wrote this text ________________A. to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rulesB. to expand vocabularyC. to use the target languageD. to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently, actively and purposefullyE. from cluesF. to say strange things 标准答案：E,A,C,D。
2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解
2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解Forecasting MethodsThere are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.The first of these methods is the persistence method；the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, suing the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period oftime. if they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change direction, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over man years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for new York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. if the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fail.The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today's forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar （an analog）。
2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习题3
2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习题3 2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习题（3）SmokingSince 1939，numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk.Research teams have conducted studiesthat show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy1.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body.Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics，it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body.Smoke is a mixture of gases，vaporized chemicals，minute particles of ash and other solids.There is also nicotine，which is powerful poison，and black tar.As smoke is breathed in，all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs.One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides.Most lung cancer begins at this point.Filters and low tar tobacco2 are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer，but they can only slightly reduce，not eliminate the hazards.练习：1、It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2、Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3、Smoking may induce lung cancer.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4、There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5、Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6、Nicotine is poisonous.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7、Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe；A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案与题解：1.B 该题说的是：判断抽烟对健康是否有危害是容易的。