东北大学考博英语题型分析
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：61
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Passage One⑴None of the much flaunted appeals of cigarette advertisers, such as superior taste and mildness, induces us to become smokers or to choose one brand in preference to another. Despite the emphasis put on such qualities by advertisers, they are minor considerations. This is one of the first facts we discovered when we asked several hundred people from all walks of life, why they liked to smoke cigarettes. Smoking is as much a psychological pleasure as it is a physiological satisfaction.What is the nature of this psychological pleasure? It can be traced to the universal desire for self-expression. (2) None of us ever completely outgrows our childhood. We are constantly hunting for the carefree enjoyment we knew as children. As we grew older, we had to subordinate our pleasures to work and to the necessity for unceasing effort. Smoking, for many of us, then, became a substitute for our early habit of following the whims of the moment; it becomes a legitimate excuse for interrupting work and snatching a moment of pleasure.Most of us are hungry for rewards. We want to be patted on the back. A cigarette is a reward that we can give ourselves as often as we wish. When we have done anything well, for instance, we can congratulate ourselves with a cigarette, which certifies, in effect, that we have been “good boys.”Passage Two(3) There is increasing media coverage surrounding carbon footprints. Businesses are facing mounting stakeholder pressure to show their commitment to measuring and reducing carbon emissions. As awareness amongst consumers is growing, organizations are being asked to report on the activities they are undertaking to reduce their carbon footprint. Until recently, most carbon offsets were commonly done by planting trees.Yet how effective are new trees in offsetting the carbon footprint? A new study suggests that the location of the new trees is an important factor when considering such carbon offset projects. (4) Planting and preserving forests in the tropics is more likely to slow down global warming. But the study concludes that planting new trees in certain parts of the planet may actually warm the Earth. The new study, which combines climate and carbon-cycle effects of large-scale deforestation in a fully interactive three-dimensional climate-carbon model, confirms that planting more tropical rainforests could help slow global warming worldwide.The research, led by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory atmospheric scientist Govindasamy Bala, appears in the April 9-13 online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.According to the study, new forests in mid-to high-latitude locations could actually create a net warming. Specifically, more trees in mid-latitude locations like the United States and most of Europe would only create marginal benefits from a climate perspective. But those extra trees in the boreal forests of Canada, Scandinavia and Siberia could actually be counterproductive, Bala said.Forests affect climate in three different ways: they absorb the greenhouse gas ― carbon dioxide — from the atmosphere and help keep the planet cool; they evaporate water to the atmosphere and increase cloudiness, which also helps keep the planet cool; and they are dark and absorb sunlight (the albedo effect), warming the Earth. Previous climate change mitigation strategies that promote planting trees have taken only the first effect into account.“Our study shows that only tropical rainforests are strongly beneficial in helping slow down global warming,” Bala said. “It is a win-win situation in the tropics because trees in the tropics, in addition to absorbing carbon dioxide, promote convective clouds that help to cool the planet. In other locations, the warming from the albedo effect either cancels or exceeds the net cooling from the other two effects.”The study concludes that by the year 2100, forests in mid-and high-latitudes will make some places up to 10 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than would have occurred if the forests did not exist.(5) The authors caution that the cooling from deforestation outside the tropics should not be viewed as a strategy for mitigating climate change. “Preservation of ecosystems is a primary goal of preventing global warming, and the destruction of ecosystems to prevent global warming would be a counterpr oductive and perverse strategy.” Said Ken Caldeira, from the Carnegie Institution and a co-author of this report.Directions: Each of the following two passages has some underlined parts. Translate the underlined parts into Chinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet.【答案】Passage One（1）【参考译文】香烟广告商所十分炫耀的香烟吸引力中，如出众的味道和温和，没有一种引诱我们去变为吸烟者或偏好地选择一个品牌。
【VIP专享】东北大学英语考试
东北大学博士研究生入学考试英语科目（1001）考试规定东北大学博士生入学考试英语试题共有4部分：完形填空（15%）、阅读理解(45%)、翻译（20%）、写作（20%）。
考试时间为180分钟。
一、测试目标：此考试旨在通过笔试形式，检测考生在科研、学习、工作中对于英语的文字处理能力，即读、写、译的准确程度、熟练程度和速度。
二、题型结构：1. 完形填空（Cloze）：本部分以段落为单位，为考生提供一定的语境，旨在考查学生对上下文理解的准确程度，同时，甄选恰当、准确表达的能力。
此部分30小题，每题0.5分，总计15分。
2．阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）：阅读理解分作2部分，仔细阅读（Close Reading）和快速阅读（Fast Reading）。
仔细阅读以段落为单位，为考生提供相对完整的信息链条，要求考生在规定时间内阅读文章，并根据其内容按题目要求从每题所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案回答问题，以检验理解的准确程度，把握细节的敏锐性和信息分析、推理能力。
此部分分为4个相对独立的短文，阅读总量(不包括题目及选择项)为2500词左右，共设30个问题。
每题1分，总计30分。
快速阅读以段落为单位，为考生提供一定长度的文章，要求其在较短时间内通过跳读（skim and scan）获取指定信息，旨在考察考生在日常生活和科研活动中用英文准确、快速获取信息的能力。
此部分分为2-3个相对独立的短文，阅读总量(不包括题目及选择项)为2000词左右，设15个问题。
每题1分，总计15分。
3．翻译：本部分主要测试考生对英语原文理解的准确性，要求将具有一定语境的段落或句子翻译成中文，题型可有两种形式：A.将阅读理解短文中的句子翻译成汉语；B.给出一个短文，翻译短文中的某些段落。
翻译的总量不少于250英文单词。
从译文的语言判断考生的翻译能力。
此部分总计20分。
4．写作：本部分旨在检测考生的英文文字组织能力，语言表述能力，以及英文写作的基本表达、写作格式、学术性文章的标点符号使用的基本知识。
东北大学博士研究生入学考试英语科目考试规定
180分钟
东北大学博士生入学考试日语科目（1102）考试规定
东北大学博士生入学考试日语试题包括基础日语、科技日语两部分，共由五种题型构成，满分100分。题型及所占卷面分值比重分别为：文字与词汇（15%）、语法（15%）、读解（30%）、日译汉（20%）、写作（20%）。考试时间为180分钟。
二、题型结构：
1.完形填空（Cloze）：
本部分以段落为单位，为考生提供一定的语境，旨在考查学生对上下文理解的准确程度，同时，甄选恰当、准确表达的能力。
此部分30小题，每题0.5分，总计15分。
2．阅读理解（ReadingComprehension）：
阅读理解分作2部分，仔细阅读（Close Reading）和快速阅读（Fast Reading）。仔细阅读以段落为单位，为考生提供相对完整的信息链条，要求考生在规定时间内阅读文章，并根据其内容按题目要求从每题所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案回答问题，以检验理解的准确程度，把握细节的敏锐性和信息分析、推理能力。此部分分为4个相对独立的短文，阅读总量(不包括题目及选择项)为2500词左右，共设30个问题。每题1分，总计30分。
一、测试目标：本考试旨在通过笔试形式考查考生在科研、学习、工作中对日语的实际应用能力，即重点考察读、写、译的准确度、熟练度及速度。
二、题型结构：
1．文字与词汇：
本部分以选择题的形式考查对文字词汇读音、书写的掌握情况及对词义理解、辨别使用的能力。要求考生的词汇量达到8500个左右。
本部分30小题。每题0.5分，共计15分。
东北大学博士研究生入学考试英语科目（1101）考试规定
东北大学博士生入学考试英语试题共有4部分：完形填空（15%）、阅读理解(45%)、翻译（20%）、写作（20%）。考试时间为180分钟。
东北大学博士研究生英语考试真题
东北大学博士研究生英语考试真题Northeastern University Doctoral Graduate English Exam Sample QuestionsPart I: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions below:The proliferation of social media in recent years has brought both benefits and drawbacks to society. On one hand, social media platforms have revolutionized communication, allowing people to stay connected with friends and family regardless of geographical distance. They have also provided a platform for individuals to express themselves, share their opinions, and engage in discussions on a wide range of topics.However, the rise of social media has also led to concerns about privacy and security. Many users unknowingly disclose personal information that can be exploited by malicious actors. Moreover, the spread of fake news and misinformation on social media has become a significant issue, impacting public discourse and even elections in some cases.1. What are the benefits of social media according to the passage?2. What are the drawbacks of social media according to the passage?3. In your opinion, what measures could be taken to address the concerns raised about social media?Part II: WritingWrite an essay of 500 words on the following topic:Discuss the impact of social media on society. How has social media changed the way we communicate, interact, and consume information? What are the potential risks and benefits of social media, and what steps can be taken to mitigate the negative consequences?Part III: Listening ComprehensionListen to the following audio and answer the questions below:(An audio clip will be played, followed by questions related to the content of the audio.)Part IV: SpeakingYou will be given a topic to discuss for 3 minutes. Prepare a short presentation outlining your thoughts and arguments on the topic.Please note that this sample exam is for practice purposes only and does not reflect the actual questions that may appear on the Northeastern University Doctoral Graduate English Exam. Good luck!。
考博英语题型
考博英语题型
【原创版】
目录
1.考博英语概述
2.考博英语的题型及分值分布
3.各种题型的备考策略
4.总结
正文
一、考博英语概述
考博英语，全称为博士研究生入学考试英语科目，是我国博士研究生招生全国统一考试的一部分。
其主要目的是测试考生的英语语言应用能力，以确保考生具备良好的英语水平，能够适应博士研究生阶段的学习和科研工作。
考博英语考试分为笔试和口试两个部分，其中笔试是主要的考试形式。
二、考博英语的题型及分值分布
考博英语笔试部分主要包括以下几种题型：
1.阅读理解（占总分值的 20%）
2.完形填空（占总分值的 10%）
3.翻译（占总分值的 15%）
4.写作（占总分值的 25%）
5.语法与词汇（占总分值的 10%）
6.逻辑与推理（占总分值的 10%）
三、各种题型的备考策略
1.阅读理解：提高阅读速度和理解能力，注重文章的主旨和细节。
可以通过多阅读英文文章和进行模拟练习来提高。
2.完形填空：注重词汇和语法的积累，分析句子结构，理解上下文。
可以多做真题练习，总结规律。
3.翻译：中英文互译都需要掌握。
注意翻译时要忠实原文，表达通顺。
可以通过翻译练习和积累词汇短语来提高。
4.写作：熟悉各类作文类型，注重文章结构和逻辑。
多进行写作练习，积累素材和表达。
5.语法与词汇：系统学习英语语法，积累词汇，加强练习。
6.逻辑与推理：提高逻辑思维能力，熟悉题型，多进行练习。
四、总结
考博英语考试对考生的英语语言应用能力有较高要求，需要考生在各个方面都具备一定的实力。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第38期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Drinking water is（）when sewage seeps into the water supply.问题1选项A.concealedB.consumedC.contemplatedD.contaminated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
A选项conceal“隐藏；隐瞒”；B选项consume“消耗，消费”；C选项contemplate“沉思；注视”；D选项contaminate“污染，弄脏”。
句意：当污水渗入到供水系统后，饮用水会被污染。
根据句意判断出D选项正确。
2.单选题Once you get to know your mistakes, you should（）them as soon as possible.问题1选项A.rectifyB.reclaimC.refrainD.reckon 【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
A选项rectify“纠正”；B选项reclaim“开拓；回收再利用；改造某人”；C选项refrain“节制，克制；避免；制止”；D选项reckon“测算，估计；认为”。
句意：一旦你认识到自己的错误，那么你应该尽可能快地纠正它们。
结合句意，A选项正确。
3.单选题The coast（）slowly as our ship sailed out to sea.问题1选项A.recededB.concededC.proceededD.exceeded【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
A选项recede“后退；减弱”；B选项concede“承认；退让；给予”；C选项proceed“开始；继续进行；发生；行进”；D选项exceed“超过；胜过”。
句意：这个海岸随着我们的船驶向大海而慢慢地后退。
结合此处语义，A选项正确。
4.单选题Rocks which have solidified directly from molten materials are called igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are commonly referred to as primary rocks because they are the original source of material found in sedimentaries and metamorphics. Igneous rocks compose the greater part of the earth’s crust, but they are generally covered at the surface by a relatively thin layer of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) they contain no fossils; (2) they have no regular arrangement of layers and (3) they are nearly always made up of crystals.Sedimentary rocks are composed largely of minute fragments derived from the disintegrationof existing rocks and in some instances from the remains of animals. As sediments are transported, individual fragments are assorted according to size. Distinct layers of such sediments as gravel, sand, and clay build up, as they are deposited by water and occasionally wind. These sediments vary in size with the material and the power of the eroding agent. Sedimentary materials are laid down in layers called strata.When sediments harden into sedimentary rocks, the names applied to them change to indicate the change in physical state. Thus, small stones and gravel cemented together are known as conglomerates; cemented sand becomes sandstone; and hardened clay becomes shale. In addition to these, other sedimentary rocks such as limestone frequently result from the deposition of dissolved material. The ingredient parts are normally precipitated by organic substances, such as shells of clams or hard skeletons of other marine life.Both igneous and sedimentary rocks may be changed by pressure, heat, solution, or cementing action. When individual grains from existing rocks tend to deform and interlock, they are called metamorphic rocks. For example, granite, an igneous rock, may be metamorphosed into a gneiss or a schist. Limestone, a sedimentary rock, when subjected to heat and pressure may become marble, a metamorphic rock. Shale under pressure becomes slate.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to （）.2.All of the following are sedimentary rocks EXCEPT （）.3.The passage would be most likely to appear in a （）.4.The relationship between igneous and sedimentary rocks may best be compared to the relationship between （）.5.The author’s tone in the passage can be best de scribed as （）.问题1选项A.explain the factors that may cause rocks to change in formB.show how the scientific names of rocks reflect the rock’s compositionC.define and describe several diverse kinds of rocksD.differentiate between different kinds of igneous rocks问题2选项A.shaleB.schistC.sandD.gravel问题3选项A.newspaper feature explaining how oil is foundB.pamphlet promoting conservation of natural resourcesC.teaching manual accompanying an earth science textD.nonfiction book explaining where to find fossils问题4选项A.water and landB.sand and clayC.nucleus and cell wallD.leaves and compost问题5选项A.objectiveB.meditativeC.concernedD.ironic【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：55
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid 1920s.We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America’s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents. UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants. Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks — that large parts of the community may become mired in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest wave of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.1.How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?2.What does the author think of the new immigrants?3.What does Edward Telles’ research say about Mexican-Americans?4.What should be done to help the new immigrants?5.According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is （）. 问题1选项A.They were of inferior races.B.They were a source of political corruption.C.They were a threat to the nation’s security.D.They were part of the nation’s bloodstream.问题2选项A.They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S.B.They can do just as well as their predecessors.C.They will be very disappointed on the new land.D.They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.问题3选项A.They may slowly improve from generation to generation.B.They will do better in terms of educational attainment.C.They will melt into the African-American community.D.They may forever remain poor and underachieving.问题4选项A.Rid them of their inferiority complex.B.Urge them to adopt American customs.C.Prevent them from being marginalized.D.Teach them standard American English.问题5选项A.How to deal with people entering the U.S. without documentsB.How to help immigrants to better fit into American societyC.How to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the borderD.How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：5
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children（）a violent act previously seen on television.问题1选项A.modifyingB.duplicatingC.acceleratingD.stimulating【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
A选项modify“修改，修饰；更改”；B选项duplicate “复制；模仿”；C选项accelerate“加速；促进；增加”；D选项stimulate“刺激；鼓舞，激励”。
句意：最近，许多有关少年儿童模仿先前在电视上所看到的暴力行为的案件被报道。
根据句意，判断出B选项正确。
2.单选题A popular way of keeping fit is to go （）, which is a kind of slow-to medium-paced running. 问题1选项A.trottingB.saunteringC.strollingD.jogging【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项trot“小跑”；B选项saunter“漫步；闲逛”；C选项stroll“漫步；闲逛；巡回演出”；D选项jog“慢跑；轻推，轻撞”。
句意：保持健康的流行方式是去慢跑，其是一种缓慢到中等步伐的跑步。
结合此处语境，D选项正确。
3.单选题His newly published book advanced the（）that whales are as intelligent as humans.问题1选项A.rulingB.proposalC.hypothesisD.protocol【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
A选项ruling“统治，支配；裁定”；B选项proposal“提议，建议；求婚”；C选项hypothesis“假设”；D选项protocol“协议；草案；礼仪”。
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2015东北大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、东北大学考博英语题型Part1:完型30题15分；Part2：阅读理解45题45分；Part3：翻译英译汉20分；Part4：作文20分；三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。
如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。
但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。
每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。
一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。
五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。
这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。
联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。
电话：四零零六六八六九七八。
扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。
2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。
这样会引起头脑的混乱。
3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。
人的大脑有时候会混淆的。
因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。
因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。
(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。
当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。
通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。
(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。
“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。
其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。
拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。
答题时，考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题)，剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。
一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案，马上进入下一题的节奏。
千万不可拖泥带水，否则破坏了节奏，可能造成随后的简单题目失分。
答案选定后可放松一口气，然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。
(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。
听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试，它往往考的不是考生是否听见，而是考考生是否听懂。
把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里，等着考生把它挑出来，在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。
绝大多数题目，要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳，对应到选项中。
如此一来，我们不光得竖起耳朵听，还得开动脑筋想。
这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字，却选不出答案。
要避免这种情况，请注意正确答案的固定特征：(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样，说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。
考博听力中，专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实，他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶，也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。
重读的每一处都具有提示作用。
因而，从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。
重音和语调是最为重要的线索。
辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。
(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段，听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。
我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。
六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的，看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架，具体的问题我们可以不管，但文章的层次必须弄清楚。
只有弄清了文章的层次，具体的问题才好归类，结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。
另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上，细枝末节上基本没有涉题，于是就会发现，原文几百字的文章，真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已，其余的东西都可省。
当我们划去冗余，就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。
可见，对于考博阅读，若要高效正确的征服，必须学会快速分析文章的主干。
这就是基于逻辑的阅读，上升到理论层面的阅读模式。
下面进行具体分析：（1）主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次，个人以为要弄清文章主旨，段落中心以及段落内部的次中心，这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。
常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。
当然也有非常规的情况，这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。
找主旨需要慢慢训练，常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析，这样能力就能够很快地提升。
（2）常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑，那么，一般的都有哪些逻辑呢？通过一般归纳总结，大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。
这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容，阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读，辨明逻辑主线，在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上，会有很好的效果。
也许，在做考博阅读之初，很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面，出现这种情况，并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知，而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。
现在将框架简单介绍如下：框架1：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2：叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3：提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4：两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析，弄清逻辑，以上列出的是主干，还需进一步分析到枝叶，这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。
到段落级别，文章中心也容易辨出，多数文章中心在首末，少数会出现在段中。
于是在理解阅读文章的时候，在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句，观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。
一般情况，较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案，当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。
（3）暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方，也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。
在考博阅读中，出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方，常见的有段落的中心和次中心；对于非中心，考博文章一般不会考察。
这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。
上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽，但对于微观题，我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。
下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节：1）所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。
2）转折和因果。
在阅读中，最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来，因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度，相对一般句子更有强调性。
例如：because，for，but，however……3）表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现，当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点，但值得一读。
阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情，所以平时应做好积累。
例如：agree，acknowledge，assert，see，insist，according to，find，think，believe，show，point out，content，acclaim，say等4）特殊标点符号，有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等，均有或强或弱的强调意味，主要的特殊标点符号有：——、（）、“”等。
5）情态动词。
should，must都能表达作者感情的因素，能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点，理应重点阅读。
6）特殊句型。
例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety，……，Significantly，……副词在句中起着很大作用，能反映态度，能表程度，这种特殊句型更有强调的成分，值得多阅读分析。
7）有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。
上面列举的一些重点特征很多，无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。
阅读文章的时候，仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。
阅读时快速画出重点，仅阅读含有重点特征的句子，对文章进行“减肥”，以提高阅读效率。
（4）选项特点1）正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。
b、相对原文语法变化，如原文中的被动变为主动。
C、正面反面，即原文句子的否定形式，答案变成肯定的正面叙述；原文是肯定形式，从正面叙述，答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。
d、AB角度，原文从A角度叙述某事，而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情，本质不变。
e、具体抽象，即原文具体事例，答案变为抽象概括，或反之。
2）干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文，个别词语不同。
b、一半信息符合原文，一半信息不符。
c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。
d、与原文叙述的内容相反。
e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。
f、含有绝对化的词语，如only，always，never，all，everything，anything，everywhere，everybody，nobody。
g、逻辑错误，因果颠倒等。
最后，育明考博提醒：要做好考博英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上，从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。
平时做题把自己的对错记录在答案上，试题上最好不要标注答案，以后再练习时就能通过与以往的对比感受自己的进步，看到自己的不足。