高英课文The Loons(潜鸟)英文PPT
高级英语第三版第二册第九课 The Loons
Can’t escape human invaders. Can’t escape the white
invaders
Disappeared
Died
IV Detailed analysis
• The basis of this dwelling was a small square cabin… ( para 1) This long sentence gives background information about Tonnerre family.
III. Textual Structure
Part I. (Paras 1-2): Introduction of the novel---the general background.
Part II. (Para.3-4) The whole story Section 1. Para.3 (p.206) – Para.6 (p.208) Introducing the heroine Piquette. Section 2. Para.7 (p.208) – Para.2 (p.214) Days together with Piquette at Diamond Lake Section 3. Para.3 (p. 214) – Para.2 (p.217) Second meeting with Piquette several years later Section 4. Para.3 (p.217) – Para.4 (p.218) Piquette’s death
• Perhaps they had gone away to some far place of belonging. (par Nhomakorabea 74)
《潜水鸟》TheLoons
比喻、细节描写、排比、拟人
两次游钻石湖的对比
在小说中, 作者孩提时曾与父亲一起同游钻石湖,多 年后, 作者长大成人, 父亲却已作古, 作者再次重 游钻石湖, 此时与彼时的钻石湖在作者眼里产生了 极大的差异。 这与作者和父亲同游钻石湖时的湖景描写相比，作 者故地重游时, 外在景物显然不是她关注的重点, 她是来感受钻石湖的意境, 感受另一种人生——四 处飘零、痛苦挣扎、孤独绝望的托勒妮的人生。
Comments
这一次的故地重游让作者真正体会到了文化边缘人 荒漠孤魂般无望的呼喊。托勒妮和潜水鸟共同的悲 剧结局映射了西方文明给少数族裔和自然生态带来 的创伤, 深切地表达了作者的价值取向: 消除种族歧 视, 早日实现各民族、种族、文化的自由平等。 小说中的景物描写影响了语篇内容和主题的表达， 作者寄情于景，情景交融，成功地深化了主题。
夜间的湖面看起来像一块黑色玻璃，只有一线水面 因映照着月光才呈现出琥珀色，湖的周围到处密密 丛丛地生长着高大的云杉树，在寒光闪烁的星空映 衬下，云杉树的枝桠呈现出清晰的黑色剪影。过了 一会儿，潜水鸟开始呜叫。它们像幽灵般地从岸边 的窝巢中腾起，飞往平静幽暗的湖面上。
No one can ever describe that ululating sound, the crying of the loons, and no one who has heard it can ever forget it. Plaintive , and yet with a quality of chilling mockery , those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home.
高级英语2-Lesson9-The-Loons
我感觉受到了伤害，气得一跺脚跑开了，并发誓整个夏天不同她讲一 句话。然而，在后来的日子里，皮盖特却开始引起我的兴趣，而且我也 开始想要引起她的注意。
1. bizarre: odd in manner, appearance, etc.; grotesque; queer; fantsdtic; eccentric. 2. “My reasons did not appear bizarre to me.”(Paraphrase):
My reason appeared normal to me at that time, but now as I am looking back the reasons were silly. 3. “My acquaintance with Indians was not extensive.”(Paraphrase):
民者，争取生存权利。 Father Brebeuf：
Father Brebeuf即布雷伯夫神父（1593--1649），法国天主教耶稣会传教士， 多年在北美洲新法兰西地区活动，成为加拿大主保圣人。1625年，他奉命到休 伦族人传教，冒生命危险留居该地，直到1629年，他被英国人强迫返回法国。 1634年，他重返休伦族居住区辛勤传教。后易洛魁人对休伦族发动毁灭性战争， 俘虏布雷伯夫及另一传教士，对二人施以酷刑处死。
1. otherwise: adv. in all other points or respects 2. presence: n. a person or thing that is present; a person’s hearing, appearance, personality. 3. with her hoarse voice: because of, as a result of her hoarse voice 4. hoarse: adj. (of a person or voice) sounding rough and harsh 沙哑的；嘶哑的 5. limping walk: walk in a limping manner 一瘸一拐地走路 6. miles too long: colloquial and exaggerating 7. grimy: adj. covered with or full of grim; very dirty 沾满污垢的；满是灰尘的 8. “…dresses that were always miles too long…”: hyperbole, It exaggerates that Piquette’s dresses are miles long.
The loons潜鸟
The loons (North America) or divers (UK/Ireland) are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Eurasia(Europe, Asia and debatably Africa). All living species of loons are members of the genus (Gavia), family (Gaviidae) and order (Gaviiformes).The loon is the size of a large duck or small goose, which it resembles in shape when swimming. Like ducks and geese but unlike coots (which are Rallidae) and grebes (Podicipedidae), the loon's toes are connected by webbing. The bird may be confused with cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae), not too distant relatives of divers and like them are heavy set birds whose bellies –unlike those of ducks and geese –are submerged when swimming. Flying loons resemble a plump goose with a seagull's wings, relatively small in proportion to the bulky body. The bird holds its head pointing slightly upwards during swimming, but less so than cormorants do. In flight the head droops more than in similar aquatic birds.Male and female loons have identical plumage. Plumage is largely patterned black-and-white in summer, with grey on the head and neck in some species. All have a white belly. This resembles many sea-ducks (Merginae) –notably the smaller goldeneyes (Bucephala) – but is distinct from most cormorants which rarely have white feathers, and if so usually as large rounded patches rather than delicate patterns. All species of divers have a spear-shaped bill.Males are larger on average, but relative size is only apparent when the male and female are together.In winter plumage is dark gray above, with some indistinct lighter mottling on the wings, and a white chin, throat and underside. The species can then be distinguished by certain features, such as size and colour of head, neck, back and bill, but often reliable identification of wintering divers is difficult even for experts – particularly as the smaller immature birds look similar to winter-plumage adults, making size an unreliable means of identification.[1]Gaviiformes are among the few groups of birds in which the young moult into a second coat of down feathers after shedding the first one, rather than growing juvenile feathers with downy tips that wear off as is typical in many birds. This trait is also found in tubenoses (Procellariiformes) and penguins (Sphenisciformes), both relatives of the loons.[2][edit] EcologyLoons on Wolfe Lake (Ontario, Canada)Loons are excellent swimmers, using their feet to propel themselves above and under water while their wings provide assistance. Because their feet are far back on the body, loons are poorly adapted to moving on land, and usually avoid going onto land, except when nesting.All loons are decent fliers, though the larger species have some difficulty taking off and thus must swim into the wind to pick up enough velocity to become airborne. Only the Red-throated Diver (G. stellata) can take off from land. Once airborne, their considerable stamina allows them to migrate long distances southwards in winter, where they reside in coastal waters. Loons can live as long as 30 years.[edit] Food and feedingCommon Loon feeding its youngCommon Loon on the nestLoons find their prey by sight. They eat mainly fish, supplemented with amphibians, crustaceans and similar mid-sized aquatic fauna. Specifically, they have been noted to feed on crayfish, frogs, snails, salamanders and leeches. They prefer clear lakes because they can more easily see their prey through the water. The loon uses its pointy bill to stab or grasp prey. They eat vertebrate prey headfirst to facilitate swallowing, and swallow all their prey whole.To help digestion, loons swallow small pebbles from the bottoms of lakes. Similar to grit eaten by chickens, these gastroliths may assist the loon's gizzard in crushing the hard parts of the loon's food such as the exoskeletons of crustaceans and the bones of frogs and salamanders. The gastroliths may also be involved in stomach cleaning as an aid to regurgitation of indigestible food parts.Loons may inadvertently ingest small lead pellets, released by anglers and hunters, that will contribute to lead poisoning and the loon's eventual death. Jurisdictions that have banned the use of lead shot and sinkers include but are not limited to Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, some areas of Massachusetts, Yellowstone National Park, Great Britain, Canada, and Denmark.[3][edit] ReproductionJuvenile Red-throated DiverGaviidae nest during the summer on freshwater lakes and/or large ponds. Smaller bodies of water (up to 0.5 km²) will usually only have one pair. Larger lakes may have more than one pair, with each pair occupying a bay or section of the lake.Loons build their nests close to the water, preferring sites that are completely surrounded by water such as islands or emergent vegetation. Loons use a variety of materials to build their nests including aquatic vegetation, pine needles, leaves, grass, moss and mud. Both male andfemale build the nest and incubate jointly for 28 days. If the eggs are lost, the pair may re-nest, usually in a different location.Despite the roughly equal participation of the sexes in nest building and incubation, analysis has shown clearly that males alone select the location of the nest. This pattern has the important consequence that male loons, but not females, establish significant site-familiarity with their territories that allows them to produce more chicks there over time. Sex-biased site-familiarity might explain, in part, why resident males fight so hard to defend their territories.[4]Most clutches consist of two eggs, which are laid in May or June, depending upon latitude. Loon chicks are precocial, able to swim and dive right away, but will often ride on their parents' back during their first 2 weeks to rest, conserve heat, and avoid predators.Chicks are fed mainly by their parents for about six weeks but gradually begin to feed themselves over time. By 11 or 12 weeks, chicks gather almost all of their own food and have learned to fly.Biologists, especially from Chapman University, have extensively studied the mating behavior of the Common Loon (G. immer). Contrary to popular belief, pairs seldom mate for life. Indeed, a typical adult loon is likely to have several mates during its lifetime because of territorial takeover. Each breeding pair must frequently defend its territory against "floaters" (territory-less adults) trying to evict at least one owner and seize the breeding site. Territories that have produced chicks in the past year are especially prone to takeovers, because nonbreeding loons use chicks as cues to indicate high-quality territories. One-third of all terr in contrast, female loons usually survive. Birds that are displaced from a territory but survive usually try to remate and (re)claim a breeding territory later in life.[5]。
《潜水鸟》TheLoons-精选文档
潜水鸟的鸣声悲凉凄厉，任何人都无法形容，任何 人听后也难以忘怀。那种悲凉之中又带着冷嘲的声 调属于另外一个遥远的世界，那世界与我们这个有 着避暑别墅和居家灯火的美好世界相隔不下亿万年 之遥。
作者与父亲同游钻石湖
与父亲同游钻石湖时, 年幼的作者对客观世界的认识 尚停留在表面, 缺乏对外界事物的感悟能力, 因而这 部分景物描写以客观叙述她的所见所闻为主。难怪 此时的她觉得潜水鸟的叫声与她有亿万年之遥, 而托 勒妮的痛苦挣扎也可以让她视而不见, 麻木不仁。
Para73
我坐在政府修筑的防波大堤上眺望着湖面，至少， 夜间的湖面还是保持着先前的样子，墨镜般乌黑发 亮的湖面上倒映着一线琥珀色的月光。那天晚上风 平浪静，周围的一切都是静悄悄的。我感觉似乎是 太静了一点，随即我开始意识到潜水鸟已经不在这 儿了。为了证实这种推测，我静等了许久，但到底 也没有再听见一声那划过静寂的湖面传来的、尾音 拖得长长的、凄厉而带有冷嘲意味的叫声。
The Loons
——Scenery Description
(Para.39-40/Para.72-73)
Para.39-40
At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon. All around, the spruce trees grew tall and close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky, which was lightened by a cold flickering of stars. Then the loons began their calling. They rose like phantom birds from the nests on the shore, and flew out onto the dark still surface of the water.
高级英语 the loons ,潜水鸟,象征主义,analysis of the lonns
03 (p.72)当瓦妮莎再次重游故地之时，依稀还是当年的那个景象，但是当地 政府为了吸引游客已经将钻石湖泊改为了瓦帕卡塔湖。昔日的郁郁葱葱 的丛林已经被商店、宾馆、舞厅和咖啡馆所取代。潜水鸟赖以生存的栖 息地彻底成为了繁荣兴旺的旅游胜地，原始的大自然彻底被人类的足迹 所践踏破坏。同样，梅蒂斯人为了保护自己的未被破坏的红河沿岸，在 不断的抗争中遭到镇压，最终丧失了自己的领地。这不仅仅是钻石湖泊 和红河沿岸的破坏，它象征着在人类足迹的铁蹄下遭到践踏的无数的大 自然馈赠人类的礼物，我们不是在开发大自然，我们正在蚕食我们自己， 我们人类的未来。
The symbol of the loons
一、弱势民族命运的悲剧 象征
01
潜水鸟是加拿大地区独有的一种鸟类。潜水鸟生活在湖边的沼泽地，以鱼类为 食，叫声凄美婉转，让人印象深刻。在加拿大的民间甚至有一种说法：一旦听 过潜水鸟的叫声，会让人终生难忘。潜水鸟的性格孤傲，喜欢离人群而居，数 量不多。随着加拿大当地政府的不断开发，潜水鸟的栖息地遭到了破坏，潜水 鸟的L生存环境遭到了极大的威胁，数量也急剧减少，在加拿大已经濒临灭绝。
与潜水鸟相同的是，生存在加拿大的梅蒂斯人（法印混血族，当地的少数民族 之一）与潜水鸟的命运如出一辙。梅蒂斯族人有着悠久的历史,他们的祖先很久 以前就定居在加拿大的红河沿岸，靠大自然的馈赠生存，与大自然和谐相处， 生活自给自足，平静而恬淡。但是 19 世纪末，加拿大联邦政府试图通过接管红 河沿岸而强行开发他们的居住地，甚至不惜动用武力，将梅蒂斯人迁居至保留 地。为了保护自己赖以生存的自然环境并争取生存权利，梅蒂斯人对当地政府 强烈反抗，但是很快被镇压，从此以后倍受当地白人社会的歧视。（P. 35）
THANKS
02
在命运的旅途中，她不断地找寻，直到遇到了自己的“真命天子”。 (p.59)小说中，当瓦妮莎与皮格特第二次相见的时候，皮格特对自己 的另一半做了这样的描述：“英国小伙子” “在城里的牧场工 作”“个子高高的，还有着一头金黄色的卷发”“名字也很高贵伟 大”，这样断断续续的介绍让我们对于她未来的一半有了一定的了解， 而当她说着这些的时候，她的脸上露出一副坚强不屈，敢于挑战一切 的神色，她的眼神里也透出一种强烈的令人害怕的渴望。她渴望着什 么L ？毫无疑问，在她的介绍中两个关键词无疑是这个问题的答案：英 国人，城里。 皮格特固然因为爱情而憧憬，然而在她内心的深处，她试图通过嫁给 一个白人（社会等级高），一个城里人来改变自己的社会等级，进而 摆脱自己受歧视的社会地位和自己悲惨的命运。(p.67-69)最终，通过 瓦妮莎母亲的口中我们得知了皮格特的结局：不知道是她的丈夫抛弃 了她还是她离开了她的丈夫，独自带着两个年幼的孩子回到了曾经混 乱不堪的家中，体型臃肿，穿着邋遢，整日酗酒，酒后闹事。最终房 子着火，皮格特和她的两个孩子葬身火海，皮格特的命运就此悲惨结 束。劳伦斯没有直接说到主人公的死因，但是根据当时的情况我们不 得不推出，皮格特并非死于偶然，也许是因为对现实生活的极其失望， 万念俱灰。
高英潜水鸟
Piquette Tonnerre皮格特· 坦纳瑞
• Piquette Tonnerre. A half-Indian girl who grows up under harsh circumstances in a society that suppresses half-breeds. • Piquette Tonnerre accumulates the social disadvantages of poverty, illness, ethnic discrimination and being female.
Relations Diagrams
Tonnerre Family (French halfbreeds)坦纳瑞家族
Jules Tonnerre (grandfather)儒勒· 坦纳瑞
Lazarus (father)拉扎鲁
Piquette Tonnerre皮格特· 坦纳瑞
Two children
Environment
③These hardships drive them into a dark hole of alcoholism and poverty. "Sometimes old Jules or his son Lazarus would get in a Saturday night brawl, and we would hit at whoever was nearest or howl drunkenly among the offended shoppers of main street," Vanessa narrates.
Piquette Tonnerre皮格特· 坦纳瑞
•
•
French half breed （actually）Indians Born in a very poor family (Tonnerre Family)
高级英语完整The Loonsppt课件
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Teaching Focus
background set on Ghana as the country’s independence was drawing near
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A book of short stories, The TomorrowTamer has a similar setting.
a work of non-fiction, The prophet’s Camel Bell,a description of two years spent in
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Teaching Procedure
Ⅰ. Introductory Remarks Ⅱ. Background Information Ⅲ. Learning Focus Ⅳ. Key words and Expressions Ⅴ. Explanation of the Text
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Ⅵ. Division of the Text Ⅶ. The Writing Style Ⅷ. Rhetorical Devices Ⅸ. Exercises
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DetailedStudy of the Text
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Ⅱ. Background Information
Author: Margaret Laurence
one of the major contemporary Canadian born in Neepawa, Manitoba, Canada educated at the University of Manitoba
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Condition of Dwelling
Small square cabin made of poplar poles and chinked with mud
Time
Jules had only intended to stay the winter in the Wachakwa Valley,but the family was still there in the thirties,when I was a child.
Family background 3
At school, Piquette felt out of place and ill at ease with the white children. When she had grown up she didn't have any chance to improve her life. In fact her situation became more and more messed up. In the end she was killed in a fire.
History & Politics
1、Jules Tonnerre came back from Batoche（巴托什，加拿大 地名）some fifty years before
2、 Riel was hung and Metis entered their long silence
Riel Canadian insurrectionary (起义者) who was organized the metis settlers in a rebellion over their land rights(1869)Eventually ,he was captured and executed by Canadian authorities.
Red River Rebellion （红河暴动）
Meanwhile, Riel's men arrested members of a pro-Canadian faction who had resisted the provisional government. They included an Thomas Scott. Riel's government tried and convicted Scott, and executed him for threatening to murder Louis Riel. In 1870, the legislature passed the Manitoba Act（曼尼托巴法案）, allowing the Red River settlement to enter Confederation as the province of Manitoba. The Act also incorporated some of Riel ‘s demands, such as provision of separate French schools for Mé tis children and protection of the practice of Catholicism （天主教）.
A new government ─Canadian Confederation（加 拿大联盟） was formed in 1867.The Canadian government appointed an English-speaking governor, William McDougall.The Mé tis, led by Riel, prevented McDougall from entering the territory. The Mé tis created a provisional government, Riel being the leader of the government.He undertook to negotiate directly with the Canadian government.
Family background 1
As the Tonnerres had increased,their settlement had been added to,until the clearing at the foot of the town hill was a chaos of lean-tos,wooden packing cases,warped lumber,discarded car tyre,ramshackle chicken coops.tangled strands of barved wire and rusty tin cans.
Family background 2
Detail 1:...their English was broken and full of ob scenities(粗话）.....(Language) Detail 2:...their men were not working at odds or as section hands on the C.P.R（Canadian Pacific Railways 加拿大太平洋铁路公司） .....(Job) Detail 3:...get mixed up in a Saturday-night brawl （吵架，打架）.and would hit out at whoever was nearest or howl drunkenly（酗酒闹事，见人 就打，狂呼乱叫）.....(Behaviors)
After reaching agreement, Canada sent a military expedition to Manitoba to enforce federal authority. Now known as the Wolseley Expedition（沃尔 斯利出征） . Outrage grew in Ontario （安大略省）.Riel fled and the arrival of troops marked the end of the Rebellion.
• 坦纳瑞家人丁兴旺，他们的木屋慢慢地扩 建，越来越大，到后来，那片林中空地上 小披屋林立，到处乱七八糟地堆放着木板 包装箱、晒翘了的木材、废弃的汽车轮胎、 摇摇欲坠的鸡笼子、一卷一卷的带刺的铁 丝和锈迹斑斑的洋铁罐
For a long time,the family had labored,lived multiplied on the land ,surviving generation and gerenation.Time passed,however,the dwelling was only slightly changed not catching up with the scale of growing family.It is referred that the Tonnerre were still struggling to survive in deep waters.
Location
Condition of dwelling
History & Politics
Time
Family background
Location: brown,noisy ;scrub oak;greygreen
willow;chokecherry bushes;
We can infer that the Tonnerre lived in a severe natural environment where water was polluted not as clear as before and tall trees are replaced by the scrub oak ,greygreen willow and chokecherry. These trees could take roots and spread under such a severe condition, In fact ,the trees stand for Metis(加拿大的原住民的 一个族群,是原住民与早期法裔加拿大人的混血儿) who are dogged(顽 强的) enough to adjust their life to any severe environment.
Social &Physical Evironments
Piquette's Personality
The Tragedy
Thank you！
It is referred that they are low-educated through the language they use.Besides, Piquette’s father and brother, often drunk and being sent to the prison.They were unable to exist independently in a respectable, decent and dignified way. As a result, they cannot join in the white society nor go back to their origin tribes. It was for the reason that they were the rebels（造反者）in the eye of the white, and they were too dirty and too caddish（下流卑鄙的） to approach.
The North-West Rebellion（西北叛乱） During a time of great social change in Western Canada, the Mé tis believed that the Dominion of Canada had failed to address the protection of their rights, their land and their survival as a distinct people.At that time,the Mé tis were alarmed that the buffalo were hunted by intruders（闯入者）.Buffalo were regarded as a chief source of food they depended on for generations. In addition,native birds─loons were also threatend .