2023高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题讲和练——记叙文(含解析)

2023高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解专题记叙文记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。

高考英语阅读理解中的记叙文类文章一般包括人物传记、哲理或故事等。

人物传记类文章描述某个人的生平事迹、奋斗历程；故事类文章通过一个小故事，说明一个道理。

一、考情分析通常一套卷有一篇记叙文，个别试卷选用两篇记叙文。

所选的记叙文多以第一人称或第三人称为主，讲述一个短小精悍、有教育意义的故事，有时也会选用生活中的轶闻趣事。

所讲述的故事题材丰富多样、富有生活气息，多按时间顺序叙述，偶尔也会有倒叙或插叙的情形。

从命题上看，记叙文阅读理解以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，以观点态度题、写作意图题、词义猜测题和代词指代题为辅，难度总体上属于中等程度。

记叙文阅读理解题要求考生能理清记叙的顺序与所讲故事的情节，能准确把握人物的情感态度和作者的写作目的。

二、文体特点与阅读策略1. 语言与结构特点英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点或过程。

其特点是：主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过人物、事件来进行提炼；文章大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。

阅读记叙文应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及文章的情感主线。

2. 答题误区记叙文阅读理解题的易错点往往在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。

解题时，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对时间和事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。

3. 阅读策略在做阅读理解题时，首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中提到的多个时间、地点和人物，理清事件的起因、经过和结果；然后阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；最后根据查找到的相关信息作出正确的选择。

如果文中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。

三、实战演练【原创试题（一）】I didn’t q uite know what I was looking for when I flew to Mongolia for a semester abroad. I just needed something different, far from the late-night libraries of my college town. Most different, I hoped, would be my rural homestay: two weeks in central Mongolia with a family of nomadic (游牧的) herders.I was studying Mongolian at the time, but still, there was so much I couldn’t say or understand. As we walked in the snow behind the goats, my host mom would ask me if I was cold, then giggle and copy a big shiver to make sure I understood. In the evenings, she showed me how to make dumplings with her fingers. My host siblings would talk with me, speaking too fast for me to understand, as we explored the rocks around our tent; I’d listen and nod.This verbal obstacle was strangely freeing. In the crowded dining hall at home, meeting new people made me anxious. I’d stay quiet, measuring out my words, struggling for something to say that wouldn’t expose me as unfunny or boring. In Mongolia, I couldn’t perfect my words. I could only smile, and try out one of the phrases I’d mastered: “May I help ” “Where is the dog ” “Are you tired ” My host family laughed at my pronunciation, at the way I threw up my hands and eyebrows in a frequent gesture of confusion. But in their laughter, I felt safe, unembarrassed.With my Mongolian family on the grassland, I found a feeling of ease I’d never felt before. We were so different, they and I, and not just in language. Their skin was hardened and darkened by sun; I’d been hidden under hats and sunscreen since birth. My host siblings grew up drawing water from frozen streams and jogging behind herds of sheep; I spent summers at tennis camp.For me, these gaps made all the difference. Without shared social measures, I wasted no time wondering how I was measuring up. Only real things — kindness, helpfulness — mattered.1. Why did the author go to Mongolia for a term abroadA. She dreamed of living a nomadic life.B. She was tired of studying late at night.C. She had to study Mongolians’ normal li fe.D. She was collecting information for libraries.2. What does the underlined word “shiver” in paragraph 2 meanA. Hug.B. Smile.C. Attack.D. Tremble.3. How did the author behave at the dining hall in her home countryA. She felt at ease in the crowd.B. She usually weighed her words.C. She asked a lot of funny questions.D. She often made others laugh with jokes.4. What did the author learn from her life in MongoliaA. You are judged wherever you go.B. Nature makes humans feel insignificant.C. Ap pearance reflects one’s standard of life.D. Being kind is the common social standard.【原创试题（二）】Sarah Park has known about the impact of music on the brain since a young age. The 13-year-old, who has been playing the violin since she was 4, says she noticed its positive effect on those around her, especially her grandmother, who suffered from a mental health illness.Now, the middle school student from Jacksonville, Florida, hopes to use music treatment to help others struggling with mental health. On October 19, 2021, her invention, Spark Care+, earned her the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” at the 3M Young Scientist Challenge, which is an annual national competition that invites students in grades 5-8 to find a unique solution to an everyday problem.“I was pretty shocked when they announced my name as the grand prize winner,” Park said. “I was excited and thrilled with what’s to come next with Spark Care+.”Spark Care+ requires participants to respond to a series of questions based on the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale, designed to assess the person’s mental state. The device’s inbuilt sensors record vital mental health indicators, such as the heart rate and blood pressure. Spark Care+’s AI (Artificial Intelligence) component analyzes the information and recommends the appropriate music to help lift the participant’s spirits. It alsomonitors its impact on the listener.The ninth-grader hopes to turn her model into a wristband with inbuilt sensors, a heart-rate monitor, and Bluetooth. She also wants to build an app to make Spark Care+ accessible to everyone. “I hope to be able to distribute it around the world to people of all ages,” Park says.In addition to being an inventor, Park is also a musical prodigy (天才) who has won several violin competitions, including the Florida state championship. She also plays the piano and is a math champion. The teen desires to be an innovator (创新者) and researcher in the medical field using technology and robotics. Her advice to other young scientists “Dream big, ask questions, and anything is possible.”1. What does the 3M Young Scientist Challenge aim to doA. Turn ordinary students into scientists.B. Meet the challenge of science bravely.C. Solve the specific problems in life.D. Find a cure for a mental health illness.2. What does the author try to explain in paragraph 4A. Why music is used in Spark Care+.B. Who suffers from mental illness.C. What an important role AI plays.D. How Spark Care+ works.3. What will make everyone have access to Spark Care+A. An app.B. Bluetooth.C. A wristband.D. A heart-rate monitor.4. What can we infer from the last paragraphA. Sarah Park likes to ask math questions.B. Sarah Park is a girl of diverse gifts.C. Sarah Park dreams to be a famous violinist.D. Sarah Park expects to use robotics in music.【真题链接：2022新高考I卷】The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have d one something useful.”There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the fi rst to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”28. What is the purpose of the projectA. To ensure harmony in care homes.B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.C. To raise money for medical research.D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.29. How has the project affected Ruth XavierA. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense ofachievement.C. She has recovered her memory.D. She has developed a strong personality.30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7A. Improve.B. Oppose.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphsA. It is well received.B. It needs to be more creative.C. It is highly profitable.D. It takes ages to see the results.【真题链接：2022新高考II卷】We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.What’s up with that He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then Iturned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kidThen I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that. Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, d igitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2A. Provided shelter for me.B. Became very clear to me.C. Took the pressure off me.D. Worked quite well on me.25. Why did the kid poke the storybookA. He took it for a tablet computer.B. He disliked the colorful pictures.C. He was angry with his grandpa.D. He wanted to read it by himself.26. What does the author think of himselfA. Socially ambitious.B. Physically attractive.C. Financially independent.D. Digitally competent.27. What can we learn about the author as a journalistA. He lacks experience in his job.B. He seldom appears on television.C. He manages a video department.D. He often interviews internet stars.【真题链接：2022全国甲卷】As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, shetoured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I jus t wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.C. Bring back lost memories.D. Stick to a promise.29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to AntarcticaA. Lovely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.C. A discount fare.D. A friend’s invitation.30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journeyA. It could be a home for her.B. It should be easily accessible.C. It should be well preserved.D. It needs to be fully introduced.31. What is the text mainly aboutA. A childhood dream.B. An unforgettable experience.C. Sailing around the world.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.参考答案：【原创试题（一）】本文是一篇记叙文。