条件状语从句在雅思写作中的应用

大作文举例只会用if？是时候换换啦
——条件状语从句在写作中的应用
王洪亮
今天跟大家分享一个老生常谈的知识点，什么叫做条件状语从句呢？通俗来讲，往往由引导词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。

在英文中，条件是指某一件事情实现之后，其它事情才能发生，通常译作“假如”。

在写作中，条件状语从句十分好用，拿过来就能用，可以起到很好的突出强调作用。

一提到条件句，很多同学马上就会想用if来引导。

首先，我们一起来看以下七个句子：Part A：
1 You can borrow my dictionary if you return it before you go home.
2 You cannot go to university if you do not have good grades.
3 Pollution will get worse if we continue to live in a throwaway society.
4 Many developed countries are willing to waive the Third World debt if the mon-ey is reinvested in education and medicine.
5 Some countries will never be able to rectify their deficits even if they work hard.
6 Computers are difficult things to understand, even if you read a lot of books about them.
7 Crime is a problem, even if you go to relatively safe countries.
这些句子都是由if 引导的条件句（ even if 可以是条件也可以是让步状语从句），这些句子固然很好，但是是不是有些千篇一律呢？条件状语从句不仅仅限于if，下面给大家介绍一些可以替换if 的方式。

我们分别用以下短语来替换上面七句话中的if ：
providing that （假如） / unless (除非） / as long as （只要） / on condition that （如果，条件是）/ no matter how （不管怎样）/ however many （无论多少）/ wherever （无论什么地方）
第一句话可以直接用providing that ( 也可以用provided that ) 来替换if
1 You can borrow my dictionary providing that you return it before you go home. 第二句话可以把if not 换成unless
2 You cannot go to university unless you have good grades.
第三句话可以直接用as long as 替换if
3 Pollution will get worse as long as we continue to live in a throwaway society.
第四句话可以直接用on condition that 替换if
4 Many developed countries are willing to waive the Third World debt on condi-tion that the money is reinvested in education and medicine.
第五句话用no matter how 直接替代if
5 Some countries will never be able to rectify their deficits even if they work hard.
第六句话用however many 直接替代even if
6 Computers are difficult things to understand, however many books you read about them.
第七句话用wherever 直接替代even if及后面的内容，改写为
7 Crime is a problem, wherever you go.
Part B: 如果我们强调的重点是条件里的内容，那么我们可以把条件句放在句子的前面。

我们现在试着把刚刚七个句子的强调内容提前。

1 Providing that you return it before you go home, you can borrow my dictionary.
2 Unless you have good grades, you cannot go to university.
3 As long as we continue to live in a throwaway society, pollution will get worse.
4 On condition that the money is reinvested in education and medicine, many de-veloped countries are willing to waive the Third World debt.
5 No matter how hard they work, some countries will never be able to rectify their deficits.
6 However many books you read about them, computers are difficult things to understand.
7 Wherever you go, crime is a problem.
Part C: 练习
现在到大家自由发挥的时间了。

大家根据上面七个短语，来试着补充以下句子
1 British universities will accept students from abroad __________
2 Working for a large company can be a fulfilling experience ____
3 Most banks are happy to lend customers money _____________
4 The government will reduce income tax ____________________
5 The environment situation will continue to worsen ____________
6 There will always be long waiting lists at our hospitals ________
7 Traveling helps you understand more about the world around you ______
（大家可以认真想一想，把答案写在留言处，小编会选出最对的同学打赏哦～）
Part D: 此外，一些名词也可以表示条件，比如
prerequisites ( n 前提，先决条件） conditions ( n 条件） requirement ( n 要求，条件）
我们一起来看以下三句话，来进行填空练习
1 Being able to drive is one of the _____ of the job of salesmen. （prerequisites)
2 Before you accept a job, it is important that you agree with the ______ of the
contract. ( conditions )
3 It is a _____ of the university that you attend an interview. ( requirement )
Part E: if 除了可以表示条件外，还可以表示虚拟。

条件可以是事实，但是虚拟表示与事实相反，不可能实现。

虚拟语气有三种基本类型：与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实相反。

这三种情况所对应的句子结构和时态是不同的。

1 与现在事实相反：if + 一般过去时，主语 + would + 动词原形
例句：如果我是你，我就会接受他的建议
If i were you, I would accept his suggestions.
2 与过去事实相反：if + 过去完成时 (had done)，主语 + would + have done
例句：如果你昨天在这里，就能见到他了
If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen her.
3 与将来事实相反：if +一般过去时，主语+would +动词原形
例句：如果太阳不见了，你就会赢得大奖
If the sun were to disappear, you would win the jackpot.
所以我们看，其实条件状语从句可以有很多种不同的表达，大家可以在平时练习的时候变化自己的表达方式，丰富自己的文章。