瞬间动词与延续性动词[1]
（完整版）瞬间性动词与延续性动词（新）
（完整版）瞬间性动词与延续性动词（新）延续性动词与⾮延续性动词动词按其动作发⽣的⽅式、发⽣过程的长短可分为延续性动词与⾮延续性动词。
⼀.延续性动词表⽰能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词可以与表⽰时间段的状语连⽤。
表⽰时间段的短语有:1.for+⼀段时间, eg: for 2 years; for a long time等2.since从句,since he came here;3.since+时间点+ago,eg：since last year, since 5 days ago;4. how long;⼆.⾮延续性动词也称终⽌性动词、瞬间动词,表⽰不能延续的动作,这种动作发⽣后⽴即结束。
如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
如果要与for+ 时间段，since+年份，since+时间段+ago，how long连⽤时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。
三.延续性动词与⾮延续性动词之间的转换：例：（1）他死了三年了。
误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2) 他来这⼉五天了。
误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终⽌性动词，不能与表⽰"段时间"的状语连⽤。
现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结
现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结在我们学习英语的过程中，时态的运用常常让人困惑，尤其是现在完成时。
今天，我们来聊聊瞬间动词和延续性动词在现在完成时中的变化。
这是一个既有趣又富有挑战的话题。
一、瞬间动词的魅力1.1 瞬间动词的定义瞬间动词，顾名思义，是那些动作一闪而过的动词，比如“见”、“吃”、“买”。
想象一下，当你看到一束花，那一瞬间你就“看见”了。
这个“看见”就是瞬间动词的典型。
它发生得很快，转眼就过去了。
比如你说，“我已经见过他了。
”这个“见”就不会有延续的感觉，更多的是一种短暂的经历。
1.2 这种动词在现在完成时的应用用现在完成时来说瞬间动词，其实是为了强调动作的结果。
比如，你可以说，“我已经吃过午餐。
”这句话的重点在于“吃”这个动作完成了，不再是“我正在吃”，因为你已经不在那个时刻了。
这种用法让我们能够轻松地传达某个经历的完成状态，而不是去细聊那个瞬间的过程。
听上去简单，却蕴藏了很多信息。
二、延续性动词的持久性2.1 延续性动词的定义延续性动词则不同，这类动词表示的是一种持续的状态或动作，比如“喜欢”、“等待”、“学习”。
当你说“我已经在学习英语”，这意味着你不仅仅是一次性的学习，而是一个持续的过程。
它带给人一种时间上的延续感。
2.2 现在完成时的特殊效果在现在完成时中，延续性动词常常强调动作的持久性。
比如，“我已经住在这里三年了。
”这句话传达的不仅是住的事实，还有那种与这个地方的连接感。
时间在这里变得重要，像是一条细线，把过去和现在连在一起。
这种用法能让对话更生动，让人更能感受到时间的流逝。
2.3 从瞬间到延续的转变有趣的是，瞬间动词在特定的上下文中也可以转变成延续性动词。
例如，“我已经见过他”变成“我已经在想他”。
这里，虽然“想”是个延续性动词，但它的来源是那一瞬间的“见”。
这样的转变让我们更能感受到人际关系的深度。
三、瞬间与延续的结合3.1 相互交织的魅力在交流中，瞬间动词和延续性动词并不是孤立的。
瞬间动词和延续性动词.
一．瞬间动词和延续性动词的含义及用法瞬间动词（非延续性动词或短暂性动词）：是指动作在很短时间内完成, 无延续性。
如come go 等终止性动词和延续性动词：延续性动词: live ,run, stay, clean ,play ,hold ,watch ,teach, read ,study,teach ,eat ,drink ,write ,dance , sing ,smoke瞬间性动词:open, stop ,like ,love ,die ,win ,close ,shot ,begin ,start enter ,finish1. 终止性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。
如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy ,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receiv e,open,sell ,start,stop 等。
终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用，因为否定本身就是可以延续的。
如：have a cold是持续性动词，表示“状态”，可与表延续性的时间状语连用，不定冠词不能省略。
I ′ve had a cold since my arrival.I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days.catch / take ，get a cold是短暂性动作，表“动态”：它不能和延续性时间状语连用，不定冠词“a ”可有可无，catch 可用代替。
Put on your coat ,or you′ll catch / take / get a cold.Take care not to get cold.但是，若cold 前有形容词修饰时，则不定冠词不能省。
瞬间动词与延续性动词
__________ I have bought this book for three months.x had √ 1.直接转化成延续性动词 1.直接转化成延续性动词
buy
have
catch (get) a cold
以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。 以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。 另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部 另外，还可用其它表示方法， 分瞬间动词。 分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延 续的动词或者表状态的be+名词 形容词或副词／ 名词／ 续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／ 介词短语等。 介词短语等。
瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时， 示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但 示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“ left.”但 不能说“ years.” 不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达 他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法： “他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法： ago,使用一般过去时 使用一般过去时。 一、用ago,使用一般过去时。 He left here three years ago. ago. +一段时间 一段时间＋ 二、用“It is +一段时间＋since ＋一般过去时从句 ” It is three years since he left here. 一段时间＋ 三、用“ 一段时间＋have/ has passed + since + 一 般过去时从句” 般过去时从句” Three years have passed since he left here.
瞬间动词和延续性动词
一．瞬间动词和延续性动词的含义及用法瞬间动词（非延续性动词或短暂性动词）：是指动作在很短时间内完成, 无延续性。
如come go 等终止性动词和延续性动词：延续性动词: live ,run, stay, clean ,play ,hold ,watch ,teach, read ,study, teach ,eat ,drink ,write ,dance , sing ,smoke瞬间性动词:open, stop ,like ,love ,die ,win ,close ,shot ,begin ,start enter ,finish1.终止性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。
如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell ,start,stop等。
终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用，因为否定本身就是可以延续的。
如：have a cold是持续性动词，表示“状态”，可与表延续性的时间状语连用，不定冠词不能省略。
I′ve had a cold since my arrival.I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days.catch / take ，get a cold是短暂性动作，表“动态”：它不能和延续性时间状语连用，不定冠词“a”可有可无，catch可用代替。
Put on your coat ,or you′ll catch / take / get a cold.Take care not to get cold.但是，若cold前有形容词修饰时，则不定冠词不能省。
如：Brown has taken a slight cold.注意下列句子：I have caught a cold for over a week.(×)I have had a cold for over a week.( )2. 延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。
延续性动词和瞬间动词的相互转换
延续性动词和瞬间动词的相互转换1.动词，按动作发生方式和发生过程长短，可分为延续性动词和瞬间动词。
①延续性动词，指动作发生后，可以长时间延续或产生持久影响。
learn学习live居住sleep睡觉rain下雨②瞬间动词，指动作发生后很快结束，持续时间极短。
也称短暂性动词。
borrow借arrive到达give给happen发生2.现在完成时的谓语①若是延续性动词，须接“段”时间状语，才符合动作可延续的特征。
My family have lived in Hainan for several years.②若是瞬间动词，通常无时间状语或接点时间状语、模糊的时间状语。
不可接“段”时间状语，因为动作不能延续。
He has just left Beijing for Singapore.他刚刚离开北京去新加坡。
3.延续性动词与瞬间动词的转换。
①瞬间动词不能接“段”时间状语。
但可把瞬间动词转换为意义相当的延续性动词或短语，便可接“段”时间状语。
He left five minutes ago.他5分钟之前离开了。
=He has been away for five minutes.他离开有5分钟了。
不能说：He has left for five minutes.×（leave是瞬间动词，强调动作。
be away属延续性动词，强调状态。
leave须转换为be away，才能接“段”时间状语。
）②瞬间动词转换为意义相当的延续性动词，有以下几种方式。
✬转换成相应的延续性动词buy→have买borrow→keep借become→be变得put on→wear穿catch a cold→have a cold感冒move to→live in搬到I borrowed the magazine two days ago.→I have kept the magazine for two days.The baby caught a cold last week.→The baby has had a cold since last week.✬转换成“be+名词”join→be a member of加入go to school→be a student上学Jim joined the band last month.→Jim has been a member of the band since last month.✬转换成“be+形容词/副词”die→be dead死leave→be away(from)离开begin→be on开始finish→be over结束fall asleep→be asleep入睡fall ill→be ill生病get up→be up起床open→be open开close→be closed关The shark died hours ago.鲨鱼几个小时前死亡了。
瞬间性动词与延续性动词
延续性动词与非延续性动词动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有:1.for+一段时间, eg: for 2 years; for along time等2.since从句,since he came here;3.since+时间点+ago,eg：since last year, since 5 days ago;4. how long;二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
如果要与for+ 时间段，since+年份，since+时间段+ago，how long连用时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：非延续性动词延续性动词leave be away(from)borrow keepbuy havebegin/start be ondie be deadfinish be overjoin be in+组织机构;be amember of+组织机构open sth. keep sth. opencome here be herego there be therebecome become back be backbe (in)/stay(in/at)come to/get to/arrive(in/at)/reach/move togo (get) out be output on wearfall ill be illget up be upcatch a cold have a coldfall asleep be asleepget to know knowwake up be upclose be closed例：（1）他死了三年了。
延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别
延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别延续性动词: live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke瞬间性动词:open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish1、终止性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。
如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell ,start,stop 等。
终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用，因为否定本身就是可以延续的。
如：have a cold是持续性动词，表示“状态”，可与表延续性的时间状语连用，不定冠词不能省略。
I′ve had a cold since my arrival（到达n.）.I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days.catch a cold是短暂性动作，表“动态”：它不能和延续性时间状语连用，不定冠词“a”可有可无，catch可用take,get代替。
Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold.Take care not to get cold.但是，若cold前有形容词修饰时，则不定冠词不能省。
如：Brown has taken a slight cold.注意下列句子：I have caught a cold for over a week.(×)I have had a cold for over a week.()2、延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。
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⑦我们上了8年学了。
We have been students for eight years.
⑧下课10分钟了
The class has been over for ten minutes. 9.电影开始了一小时了 The film has been on for an hour. 10. 门打开半小时了 The door has been open for half an hour.
1、延续性动词：
也叫可持续性动词，表示能够延续的动作。如：learn,
work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有: for+ 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表 示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但 不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达 “他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法： 一、用ago,使用一般过去时。
He left here three years ago. 二、用“It is +一段时间＋since ＋一般过去时从句 ”
同理， “borrow sth” “借书”在办理了相关的 ‘登记’手续后就 结束了，不可能“借” 几个星期 或好几年的！ 汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。” 的意思是： “我两周前 （borrowed it），（在归还前）现在 它还在我手里（I still have it or I’m still reading it.） Right or Wrong? (Wrong) A: I have borrowed the book for two weeks. (Right) B: I have had / kept it for two weeks. (Right) C: It’s 2 weeks since I borrowed it. D: I borrowed it 2 weeks ago. (Right)
一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句
①.我们买这本书三年了.
We have had the book for three years. We bought the book three years ago.
②他感冒三天了.
He has had a cold for three days. He caught a cold three days ago.
It is three years since he left here. 三、用“ 一段时间＋have/ has passed + since + 一 般过去时从句” Three years have passed since he left here.
以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。 另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部 分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延 续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／ 介词短语等。
He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.
“瞬间动词(也叫‘短暂性动词’)” 和或“终止性 动词” 1、瞬间动词：短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动
e.g.这本书我买了三个月了。
__________ this book for three months.x I have bought had √ 1.直接转化成延续性动词
buy
have
catch (get) a cold
have a cold be
keep come/go /become borrow/lend put on wear
Practice: 瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习（1）
1、你来晚了，电影已放了10分钟了。 been on for 10 minutes. A: You are late. The film has B: You are late. It is ten minutes since the film . C: You are late. The film began/started 10 began/started minutes ago . 2、我叔叔当兵已经有2年了。 been in A: My uncle has the army for 2 years. B: It is 2 years since my uncle joined the army. C: My uncle joined the army 2 years ago. 3、Linda 已经感冒4、5天了。 has had A: Linda a cold for 4 to 5 days. B: It is 4 to 5 days since Linda caught a cold C: Linda caught a cold 4 or 5 days ago .
作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词
从“开始发生”到 “结束/终止”： 几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’）就 完成了“开始—结束”的过程，如 “Close the door”, “Open the door” 有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程” 可能稍微长一些， 但也不会很长的，如, “buy sth（买下）”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。 所以， “我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通， 但英语的表达就不能说： I have bought the watch for five years. buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for… A: I have had the watch for 5 years. B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch. C: I bought it 5 years ago.
⑤ Mr Black死了三年了。
Mr Black has been dead for three years. Mr Black died three years ago.
⑥小明参军半年了。
Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year. Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.
区分短暂性动词与持续性动词. 表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的 句中不能和一段时间连用.即for,since短语或
how long问句.
以动词go为例，go是 动词原形， goes是单 数第三人称形式， went是过去式, going 是现在分词，而gone 则是它的过去分词。
③自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.
I have kept the book since last week. I borrowed the book last week.
④我成为一个学生两年多了.
I have been a student for over two years. I became a student two years ago.
在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。 ：
3. He has gone away for a week.(F) He has beenlm has begun for fifteen minutes.(F) The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T)
Practice: 瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习 （2）： 4、他爷爷去世已经有5年了。 been dead for 5 years. A: His grandpa has B: It is 5 years since his grandpa died . C: His grandpa died 5 years ago . 5、你来晚了，火车已经开走了20分种了。 been away A: You’re late. The train has for 20 minutes. B: It is 20 minutes since the train left . ago . C: The train left 20 minutes 6、他们到深圳已经有3年多了。 A: They have been/stayed in Shenzhen for over 3 years. B: It is over 3 years since they arrived in Shenzhen. got to/ reached arrived in C: They Shenzhen over 3 years ago . got to/ reached
been dead
e.g.他自从1985就参军了。 He has been a soldier since 1985. He has been in the army since 1985.
初中英语中常见的有：
短暂性动词 go, leave, move arrive, come, reach join, become buy, get(得到) fall ill (asleep) finish, end begin , start begin to learn (work ,read，rain) go out get up borrow get to know die lose