Personal Software Process
psp教程
PSP教程1. PSP简介PSP（Personal Software Process），个人软件过程，是一种软件开发管理方法，它旨在帮助个人软件开发人员提高工作效率和质量。
PSP最初由Watts S. Humphrey在1986年提出，并在软件工程研究所（SEI）得到进一步发展和推广。
2. PSP的优势PSP的优势主要体现在以下几个方面：2.1 提高个人效率通过PSP的规范和流程，个人软件开发人员可以建立一套科学的工作流程，从而提高自己的工作效率。
PSP要求开发人员进行严格的需求分析、计划、设计、编码和测试等过程，帮助开发人员更好地组织工作，避免了无效的重复劳动。
2.2 提升代码质量PSP鼓励开发人员在开发过程中进行代码复用和测试，并要求记录每一次软件开发的过程和各种指标，通过分析这些指标，开发人员可以及时发现并改正自己的问题，从而提高代码的质量。
2.3 促进团队合作虽然PSP主要是个人软件开发方法，但它也可以促进团队合作。
团队成员共同遵循PSP的规范和流程，可以更好地协同工作，减少沟通和协调成本，提高团队整体效能。
3. PSP的流程PSP流程分为以下几个主要步骤：3.1 计划在开始项目之前，开发人员需要进行计划，确定项目的目标、分解任务和排定时间表。
这一步骤能够帮助开发人员建立清晰的工作目标，并合理安排自己的时间，提高工作效率。
3.2 设计在设计阶段，开发人员需要根据项目需求进行软件架构设计和模块设计，确定系统的整体结构和各个模块的功能。
这一步骤能够帮助开发人员在编码之前，更好地理清项目的结构和流程，避免走弯路。
3.3 编码在编码阶段，开发人员按照设计要求进行具体的程序实现，通过编写代码来完成系统的功能。
这一步骤要求程序员编写规范、可维护、可测试的代码，遵循良好的编码规范和团队协作标准。
3.4 测试在测试阶段，开发人员需要对软件进行单元测试、集成测试和系统测试，以确保软件的质量和功能符合预期。
我的理想职业软件工程师200字英语作文
我的理想职业软件工程师200字英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Ideal Career: Software EngineerAs a passionate and driven individual, my ideal career is to become a software engineer. This field combines my love for technology and problem-solving, making it a perfect fit for me. I have always been fascinated by how software can be created to improve people's lives and make things more efficient.One of the reasons I am drawn to software engineering is the endless opportunities for learning and growth. Technology is constantly evolving, and as a software engineer, I will always be challenged to stay up-to-date with the latest developments. This field also offers a diverse range of specialties, from mobile app development to artificial intelligence, giving me the chance to explore different areas and find my niche.Moreover, software engineering allows for creativity and innovation. I am excited about the prospect of designing and building new software applications that can have a real impact on society. Whether it's developing a new social media platformor creating software for a medical device, I am eager to use my skills to contribute to the advancement of technology.In addition, the potential for career growth and financial stability in software engineering is a major draw for me. With the demand for skilled software engineers on the rise, I am confident that I will have ample opportunities for career advancement and a competitive salary.Overall, I am passionate about pursuing a career as a software engineer because it aligns with my interests, offers opportunities for growth and creativity, and provides a stable and rewarding career path. I am excited to embark on this journey and look forward to making a positive impact in the field of technology.篇2My Ideal Career: Software EngineerAs a software engineer, I envision myself working in a dynamic and innovative industry where I can apply my analytical skills and creativity to develop cutting-edge software solutions. My passion for technology and problem-solving drives me to constantly learn new programming languages and stayup-to-date with the latest trends in the field.One of the reasons why I am so drawn to software engineering is the endless possibilities it offers for creating impactful products that can improve people's lives. Whether it's developing a user-friendly app that simplifies daily tasks or designing a sophisticated algorithm that enhances business operations, I find immense satisfaction in using my technical expertise to address real-world challenges.Furthermore, the collaborative nature of the software engineering profession appeals to me. I enjoy working in teams to brainstorm ideas, troubleshoot issues, and bring projects to fruition. The exchange of knowledge and ideas within a diverse group of professionals not only fosters a stimulating work environment but also promotes personal and professional growth.In addition to the intellectual gratification that comes with solving complex problems, I also appreciate the flexibility and versatility that a career in software engineering offers. Whether I choose to specialize in a particular domain such as cybersecurity or data analysis, or explore different roles such as project management or software architecture, I know that my skills will always be in demand and that there will be ample opportunities for advancement and specialization.In conclusion, my ideal career as a software engineer embodies my passion for technology, my desire to make a positive impact, and my enthusiasm for continuous learning and collaboration. I am confident that by pursuing this career path, I will not only realize my full potential but also contribute to the advancement of the tech industry and society as a whole.篇3My Ideal Career: Software EngineerBeing a software engineer has always been my dream career. From a young age, I have been fascinated by technology and the role that software plays in our daily lives. I love the idea of creating something from scratch and seeing it come to life on a screen.As a software engineer, I would have the opportunity to work on a variety of projects, from mobile apps to websites to video games. I would be constantly learning and developing new skills, staying up-to-date with the latest technologies and trends in the industry.One of the things that attracts me to this career is the ability to solve complex problems and make a real impact on the world. Whether it's developing software to improve efficiency inbusinesses or creating a new platform to connect people around the globe, the possibilities are endless.I also love the idea of working in a collaborative environment, where I can bounce ideas off my colleagues and work together to create innovative solutions. The fast-paced nature of the tech industry excites me, and I thrive in environments where creativity and problem-solving are valued.Overall, being a software engineer would not just be a job for me, but a passion. I am excited about the endless possibilities and challenges that come with this career, and I am determined to work hard to make my dream a reality.。
大学英语三级模拟试题（三）
大学英语三级模拟试题（三）TEST 3Part I Listening Comprehension (15%)Part II. Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: There are 20incompleete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), D).Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.13. She is not very ______about money only when it comes spending.A) Sensible B) sensitive C) senseless D) insensitive14. Cold and humid is this ______climate in spring of this west city.A) Common B) general C) usual D) ordinary15. If only I _____about his coming, I would have met him at the station.A) Would know B) had known C) have known D) knew16._____she is in London, she will ring up her old friend Mary.A) As soon as B) As C) No sooner D) While17. The reason why coal is still a very valuable source of power is _____atomic power is not available in sufficient quantity.A) Because B) that C) as D) for18. We moved to the front now ______ we could hear and see better.A) So as B) so that C) because D) such that19. He is very stubborn so asking him to change his mind is ______.A) out of the question B) out of questionC) Out of order D) out of place20. We took ______of the fine weather and spent the evening on the beach.A) Change B) opportunity C) advantage D) use21. After______ for the job ,you will be required to take a written test.A) interviewing B) being interviewed C) interviewed D) having interviewed22. We would have paid______ for the machines, if the company had insisted , because we really wanted them.A) as much twice B) twice as much C) twice much D) twice so much23. Her smile ______ that she had forgiven me.A) applied B) implied C) justified D) supplied24. It is very surprised that the driver was not ______ at all in the car accident.A) injured B) wounded C) hurt D)damaged25. Scarcely ______ one task when he was asked to do another.A) has he finished B)had he finished C) he has finished D)he had finished26. He offered a reward to _____ should return the lost ring.A) who B) whom C) whoever D) whomever27. Look at the clock! It’s time ______ home.A) we’ll go B ) we went C) we’re going D) we should go28. After going to dozens of job interviews , she eventually ______ to get a job.A) gained B) succeeded C) managed D) achieved29. The words of his old teacher left a _______ impression on his mind. He is still influenced by them. A) long B) lively C) lasting D) wide30. They tried to silence the _____ audience but in vain.A) exciting B) excited C) excite D) being exciting31. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded ______ 27%.A) by B) for C) to D) in32. He is _______ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A) optimistic B) optional C) outstanding D) obviousPart III. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each question, there are four choices marked A B C and D. You should choose the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 33 to 37 are based on the following passage.Microsoft Corporation is the leading developer of personal-computer software systems and applications. The company also publishes books and multimedia titles and offers electronic mail services. It has sales offices throughout the world but does virtually all of its research and development at its corporate headquarters in Redmond, Washington, U.S.In 1975 Bill Gates and Paul G. Allen, two boyhood friends from Seattle, converted BASIC, a popular mainframe programming language, for use on an early personal computer (PC) ,the Altair. Shortly afterward Gates and Allen founded Microsoft, deriving the name from the words “microcomputer” and “software”. Dur ing the next few years they refined BASIC and developed other programming languages. In 1980 International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) askedMicrosoft to produce the essential software, or operating system, for its first personal computer, the IBM PC. Microsoft purchased an operating system from another company, modified it, and renamed it MS-DOS( Microsoft Disk Operating System). MS-DOS was released with the IBM PC in 1981. Thereafter , most manufacturers of personal computers licensed MS-DOS as their operating system , generating vast revenues for Microsoft; by the early 1990s it had sold more than 100 million copies of the program and defeated rival operating systems such as CP/M ,which it displaced in the early 1980s, and later OS/2. Microsoft deepened its position in operating systems with its Windows graphical command program, whose third version, released in 1990, gained a wide following. By 1993, Windows 3.0 and its subsequent versions were selling at a rate of one million copies per month, and nearly 90 percent of the world’s PCs ran on a Microsoft operating system. In 1995 the company released Windows 95, which for the first time fully integrated MS-DOS with Windows and effectively matched in ease of use Apple Computer’s Macintosh OS. It also became the leader in productivity software such as word-processing and spreadsheet programs, outdistancing long-time rivals Lotus and WordPerfect in the process.33. What is the role of Microsoft Corporation in the world of software systems and applications/A) It’s the biggest multinational corporation. B) It’s the founder of personal computers.C) It’s the leading developer. D) It’s the largest bookseller in America.34. Besides software systems and applications, what else dose Microsoft deal in ?A) Publishing books and multimedia titles. B) Offering electronic mail services.C) Inventing program languages. D) Both A and B.35. Who established Microsoft?A) Bill Gates. B) Paul G. Allen.C) Bill Gates and Paul G. Allen. D)A group of computer experts.36. In 1980 IBM asked Microsoft to produce the operating system, they ______.A) invented it alone . B) refused to do it.C) wanted to make a perfect one, but they failed.D) bought one from another company and made a little change.37. What does the passage imply?A) Windows 3.0 fully integrated MS-DOS with Windows.B) By 1990, nearly 90 percent of th e world’s had run on Windows 3.0.C) IBM asked Microsoft to develop Windows 95.D) Microsoft surpassed Lotus and WordPerfect till 1995.Passage 2Questions 38 to 42 are based on the following passage.Sony was incorporated in 1946 as Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering corporation Its founders were Iuka Masaru, whose Japan precision Instruments Company had supplied electronic devices during World War II, and Morita Akio, an applied sciences instructor. Their business, which was funded by Morita’s father, was formed to apply the advanced technology developed during the war to the manufacture of consumer products. The company’s present name was adopted in 1958.At the beginning, the company made voltmeters(伏特计),electrically heated cushions（垫子），and similar devices. The first major consumer item it produced was a tape recorder, introduced in Japan in 1950. Since then the company, which markets its products worldwide under the Sony trademark, has continued to pioneer new technology for consumer products. In 1957 Sony introduced the world’s first pocket-sized, all-transistor (晶体管) radio. In 1960 Sony introduced an 8-inch (20-centimetre) transistorized television set, creating a new market for television.The company was one of the first to recognize the potential of the consumer videotape market, and in 1969 it introduced a color videocassette recorder for both industrial and consumer use.38. When did the company first formed?A) 1946 B) 1950 C) 1958 D) 196839. What was the first name of Sony Corporation?A) Japan Precision Instruments CompanyB) Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation.C) Sony Corporation D) Sony Engineering Corporation.40. When was the name Sony first used?A) 1946 B) 1950 C) 1958 D) 196841. What was the first major consumer article produced by the company?A) V oltmeters. B) Electrically heated cushions.C) Resonator sound generators D) An audio tape recorder.42. Who founded Sony Corporation?A) Ibuka Masaru. B) Morita Akio. C) Morita’s father D) Ibuka Masaru and Morita Akio Passage 3Questions 43 to 47 are based on the following passage.Internet is a system architecture that has revolutionizedcommunications and methods of commerce by allowing various computer networks around the world to interconnect. Sometimes referred to as a “network of network,” the Internet emerged in the United States in the 1970s but did not become visible to the general public until the early 1990s. By the beginning of the 21stcentury approximately 360 million people, or roughly 6 percent of the world’s p opulation, were estimated to have access to the Internet. It is widely assumed that at least half of the world’s population will have some form of Internet access by 2010 and that wireless access will play a growing role.The Internet provides a capability so powerful and general that it can be used for almost any purpose that depends on information, and it is accessible by every individual who connects to one of its constituent networks. It supports human communication through electronic mail ( e-mail), “c hat rooms,”newsgroups, and audio and video transmission and allows people to work collaboratively at many different locations. It supports access to digital information by many applications, including the World Wide Web. The Internet has proved to be a spa wning ground for a large and growing number of “e-businesses” that carry out most of their sales and services over the Internet. Many experts believe that the Internet will dramatically transform business as well as society.43. What is Internet according to the passage?A) A system architecture that allows various computer networks around the world to inter-connect.B) An architecture that has revolutionized communications and methods of commerce.C) “Network of networks”.D) World Wide Web.44. When did Internet first appear?A) 1970s. B) 1980s. C) 1990s. D)2010s.45. What will come true according to the passage?A) Approximately 360 million people will access to the Internet.B) Roughly 6 percent of the world’s population will access to the Internet.C) At least a quarter of the world’s population will have some form of Internet access.D) Wireless access will play a growing role.46. According to the author, who can access to the Internet?A) Anyone.B) The one who has any purpose that depends on information.C) Every individual who connects to one of its constituent networks.D) The people who are skilled in computer.47. If people want to work collaboratively at different locations, what can the do?A) They can use electronic mails.B) They can work through “chat rooms”.C) They can work through audio and video transmission.D) All the above.Passage FourQuestions 48 to 52 are based on the following passage.Mitchell attended Washington Seminary(神学院)in her native Atlanta, Georgia, before entering Smith College in 1918. When her mother died the next year, she returned home. Between 1922 and 1926 she was a writer and reporter for the Atlanta Journal.After an ankle injury in 1926 she left the magazine and, for the next 10 years, worked slowly on a romantic novel about the Civil War and Reconstruction as seen from a Southerner point of view. Scarlett O’Hara is the heroine of novel, and she is a strong-willed woman. The novel had absorbed the tragedy of the war and the romance of the history. Mitchell worked at her novel occasionally, composing episodes(情节) out of sequence and later fitting them together. She apparently had little thought of publication at first, and for six years after it was completely finished, the novel lay unread. But in 1935 Mitchell was persuaded to publish her manuscript.It appeared in 1936 as Gone with the Wind. Within six months 1,000,000 copies had been sold; 50,000 copies were sold in one day. It went on sell more copies than any other novel in U.S. publishing history, with sales passing 12 million by 1965, and was eventually translated into 25 languages and sold in 40 countries. It was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1937. The movie rights were sold for $50,000. The film, starring Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable and produced by David O. Selznick, premiered in Atlanta in December 1939 after an unprecedented period of advance promotion, including the highly publicized search for an actress to play Scarlett. It won nine major Oscars and two special Oscars at the Academy Awards and for two decades reigned as the top money-making film of all time. Mitchell, who never adjusted to the celebrity that had befallen her and who never attempted another book, died after an automobile accident in 1949. Four decades after Mitchell’s death, a sequel(续集) named Scarlett appeared.48. When did Mitchell begin her novel?A) In 1918. B) Between 1922 and 1926. C) In 1926. D) In 1936.49. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A) When Mitchell mother died, she continued her study.B) After an ankle injury in 1926, Mitchell became disabled.C) Mitchell wrote her novel from a Northern point of view.D) Mitchell didn’t write her novel for publication first.50. The name of Mitchell’s first novel is “_______”.A) Atlanta Journal B) Civil War and ReconstructionC) Lost Cause D) Gone with the Wind51. Who acted in the movie of Gone with the Wind?A) Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable B) Mitchell C) David O. Selznick D) Scarlett O’Hara52. When did the sequel (续集) to Margaret’s Gone with the Wind appear?A) Four weeks after Mitchell’s death. B) Four months after Mitchell’s death.C) Four years after Mitchell’s death. D) Forty years after Mitchell’s death.Part IV. Translations from English to Chinese. (15%)Directions: In this part, there are four items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one sentence. These sentences are all come from Part III of the test paper. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meaning in the context. Write the translation on the Translation Sheet in Test Paper.T1. (Lines1-3, Para.1, Passage1)Albert Einstein was a German-American physicist who developed the special and general and theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ T2. (Line5-7, Para.1, Passage2)In the same room was the “Christmas pyramid,” a triangular construction of wood that had she, elves to hold Christmas figurines and was decorated with evergreens, candles, and a star.________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ T3. (Line10-11, Para.1, Passage3)These difficulties were aggravated by the withdrawal of Soviet aid and technicians, who made a point of taking blueprints with them.________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ T4. (Line9-12, Para. 2, Passage4)When large number of immigrants, including the Irish, went to the United States beginning in the mid 19th century, they took their Halloween customs with them, and in the 20th century Halloween became one of the principal U.S. holidays, particularly among children.________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ Part V. Writing (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 80 words. Remember your composition must be written according to the following outline.Write your composition on the Composition Sheet.Outline: 1.申请人：张燕，女，24岁，出生于成都市，未婚；2.文化程度：1999年7月毕业于四川工商职业技术学院，专业是商务英语，优秀学生；3.经历：曾任某合资企业总经理秘书3年，擅长电脑操作和口译，现得知贵公司欲招聘英语翻译一名，特自荐；4.期望资薪：每月1000人民币；5.爱好：上网，旅游；6.外语：英语优良，日语一般；7.联系地址：成都市红星路520号一楼电话：88103547Words for reference: major in, joint venture, operateResumeJob Objective: _________________________________________________Family Name: _________________________________________________ First Name: ___________________________________________________ Tel No: _______________________________________________________ Address: ______________________________________________________ Place of Birth: __________________________________________________Age: __________________________________________________________ Sex: ___________________________________________________________ Marriage:_______________________________________________________Foreign Language: ________________________________________________Education:_______________________________________________________Salary Wanted:____________________________________________________Hobby:___________________________________________________________ Experience:_______________________________________________________Keys:Part I.Part II.13-17: BCBAB 18-22: BACCB23-27:BABCB 28-32: CCBAAPart III.33-37: CDCDD 38-42: ABCDD43-47: AADCD 48-52:CDDADPart IV.T1: 艾伯特〃爱因斯坦时一位德裔美国人，他提出了狭义和广义的相对论，并由于他的光电效应阐述而荣获1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。
配置管理员主要的工作是什么
配置管理关键活动1．配置项（Software Configuration Item，SCI）识别Pressman对于SCI给出了一个比较简单的定义：“软件过程的输出信息可以分为三个主要类别：（1）计算机程序（源代码和可执行程序），（2）描述计算机程序的文档（针对技术开发者和用户），以及（3）数据（包含在程序内部或外部）。
这些项包含了所有在软件过程中产生的信息，总称为软件配置项。
”由此可见，配置项的识别是配置管理活动的基础，也是制定配置管理计划的重要内容。
软件配置项分类软件的开发过程是一个不断变化着的过程，为了在不严重阻碍合理变化的情况下来控制变化，软件配置管理引入了“基线（Base Line）”这一概念。
IEEE对基线的定义是这样的：“已经正式通过复审核批准的某规约或产品，它因此可作为进一步开发的基础，并且只能通过正式的变化控制过程改变。
”所以，根据这个定义，我们在软件的开发流程中把所有需加以控制的配置项分为基线配置项和非基线配置项两类，例如：基线配置项可能包括所有的设计文档和源程序等；非基线配置项可能包括项目的各类计划和报告等。
配置项的标识和控制所有配置项都都应按照相关规定统一编号，按照相应的模板生成，并在文档中的规定章节（部分）记录对象的标识信息。
在引入软件配置管理工具进行管理后，这些配置项都应以一定的目录结构保存在配置库中。
所有配置项的操作权限应由CMO严格管理，基本原则是：基线配置项向软件开发人员开放读取得权限；非基线配置项向PM、CCB及相关人员开放。
2．工作空间管理在引入了软件配置管理工具之后，所有开发人员都会被要求把工作成果存放到由软件配置管理工具所管理的配置库中去，或是直接工作在软件配置管理工具提供的环境之下。
所以为了让每个开发人员和各个开发团队能更好的分工合作，同时又互不干扰，对工作空间的管理和维护也成为了软件配置管理的一个重要的活动。
一般来说，比较理想的情况是把整个配置库视为一个统一的工作空间，然后再根据需要把它划分为个人（私有）、团队（集成）和全组（公共）这三类工作空间（分支），从而更好的支持将来可能出现的并行开发的需求。
电子科大软件工程作业汇总(附答案)
一、第1章软件工程概述1. Software deteriorates rather than wears out because(软件通常是变坏而不是磨损的原因是)A:Software suffers from exposure to hostile environments(软件暴露在不利的环境中)B:Defects are more likely to arise after software has been used often(软件错误更容易在使用后被发现)C:Multiple change requests introduce errors in component interactions(在组件交互中需求发生变化导致错误)D:Software spare parts become harder to order(软件的备用部分不易组织)2. Today the increased power of the personal computer has brought about an abandonment of the practice of team development of software.(如今个人电脑性能的提升导致遗弃了采用小组开发软件的方式。
)A:True（真）B:False （假）3. Which question no longer concerns the modern software engineer?（现如今的软件工程师不再考虑以下哪个问题？）A:Why does computer hardware cost so much?（计算机硬件为什么如此昂贵？）B:Why does software take a long time to finish?（软件为什么开发时间很长？）C:Why does it cost so much to develop a piece of software?（开发一项软件的开销为什么这么大？）D:Why cann't software errors be removed from products prior to delivery? （软件错误为什么不能在产品发布之前被找出？）4. In general software only succeeds if its behavior is consistent with the objectives of its designers.（通常意义上，只有表现得和设计目标一致的软件才是成功的软件。
pspc标准的由来
pspc标准的由来PSPC标准的由来。
PSPC标准，全称为Personal Software Process for Engineers，是一种由卡内基梅隆大学软件工程研究所开发的软件过程改进方法。
它旨在帮助软件工程师提高其个人和团队的工作效率和质量，从而提高软件产品的质量。
那么，PSPC标准的由来是怎样的呢？首先，PSPC标准的由来可以追溯到20世纪80年代初。
当时，软件工程领域的专家们开始意识到，传统的软件开发方法存在着许多问题，比如项目延期、成本超支、质量不稳定等。
为了解决这些问题，他们开始寻求一种更加科学、系统的软件开发方法。
于是，PSPC标准便应运而生。
其次，PSPC标准的由来还与个人软件过程（PSP）有着密切的关系。
个人软件过程是卡内基梅隆大学软件工程研究所在20世纪90年代初提出的一种软件过程改进方法，旨在帮助软件工程师提高其个人的软件开发能力。
PSPC标准正是在PSP的基础上发展而来的，它不仅包含了PSP的核心理念，还增加了团队合作、项目管理等方面的内容，从而使其更加全面、实用。
此外，PSPC标准的由来还与软件工程领域的发展趋势有关。
随着软件工程领域的不断发展，人们对软件质量和效率的要求也越来越高。
在这样的背景下，PSPC标准应运而生，它为软件工程师提供了一种科学、系统的软件开发方法，使他们能够更加高效、高质量地完成工作。
总的来说，PSPC标准的由来是多方面的，既与软件工程领域的发展趋势有关，也与个人软件过程等先进理念的借鉴和发展有关。
它的出现填补了传统软件开发方法的不足，为软件工程师提供了一种更加科学、系统的软件开发方法，使他们能够更加高效、高质量地完成工作。
可以说，PSPC标准的由来是对软件工程领域的一次重要创新和突破，对软件工程师的工作效率和质量起到了积极的促进作用。
CMM术语缩写一览表
CMM/CMMI术语缩写一览表2008-09-11 16:55术语一览表（按字母排序）AB= Ability to perform (CMM KPA comon feature) AC=Activities to perform (CMM KPA comon featureAD/Software Group=Application DevelopmentAE=Adaptive Enterprise (HP) RTI AI=Assessment InstrumentAPW=Action Planning WorkshopARC=Appraisal Requirements for CMMIATQG=Aassessor Training and Qualifications Guide (ISO SPICE)ATW=Actiion Team WorkshopsBAM=Business Activity MonitoringBI=Business IntelligenceBpel=Business Process Execution LanguageBPFBPG=Baseline Practice Guide (ISO SPICE)BPM=Business Process ManagementBPM=Busiiness Process MaturityBPMM=Business Process Maturity ModeBPO=Business Process OutsourcingBPR=Business Process RedesignBSI=British Standards Institute (standard BS 15000) CAPM=Certified Associate in Project ManagementCAR=Causal Analysis and Resolution (CMMI process area)CBA=CMM-Based AssessmentCBA IPI=CMM-Based Assessment for Internal Process ImprovementCBP=Competency Based PracticesCCB=Configuration Control BoardC-CommerceCDG=Capability Determination Guide (ISO SPICE)CEP=Complex Event ProcessingCEU=Continuing Education UnitsCII=Confederation of Indian IndustriesCM=Configuration ManagementCMM=Capability Maturity Model (also referred to as SWCMM). A model for improving the capability of software organizations.CMMI=Capability Maturity Model-Integration (published by the Software engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh) /sei-home.html(integrates 3 source models the SW CMM, SE CMM and the IPD-CMM)CMU=Carnegie Mellon UniversityCO=Committement to perform (CMM KPA common feature)COBit=Control Objectives for Information and Related TechnologyCOCOMO II=COnstructive COst MOdel II is a model that allows one to estimate the cost, effort, and schedule when planning a new software development activity.CO=Commitment to PerformCOTS=Commercial off-the-shelfCPM=Corporate Permormance MonitoringCRADA=Cooperarive Research and Development AgreementCRD=Career Recommendations DevelopmentCRM=Customer Relationship ManagementDAR=Decision Analysis and Resolution (CMMI process area)DBA=Database AdministratorDELLTA=Danish Electronics Light & AcousticsDI=Directing ImplementationDoD=Department of DefenseDP=Defect Prevention (CMM Process area)DTIZC=Defense Technical Information CenterEAI=Enterprise Application IntegrationEDA=Event Driven ArchitectureEIA=Electronic Industries AllianceEIT=Enterprise Information IntegrationELG=Executive Leadership GroupEPG=Engineering Process GroupEPIG=Engineering Process Improvement GroupERP=Enterprise Resource PlanningESB=Enterprise Service BusesESP=External Service ProvidersETL=Extraction Transformation LoadingETVX format=Enty criteria, Tasks, Verification, and eXit criteria (CMMI)FAR=Functional Area Representative (term used in some assessments)FP=Function PointFTE=Full-time Equivalent (measure of personnel availability)GAO=General Accounting OfficeGESP=Global External Service ProvidersGG=Generic GoalGP=Generic PracticeG-Q-M Approach=Goal Queston Metric techniqueIC=Intergroup Coordination (CMM process Area)IDEAL=Initiating-Diagnosing-Establishing-Acting-Leveraging; an improvement cycle often used for process improvementIEC=International Electrotechnical CommissionIEEE=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.. A professional organizationIESP=Indian External Service ProvidersIG=Introductory Guide (ISO SPICE)IM=Integrated Management (CMM process area)IPD-CMM=Integrated Product Development Capability Maturity ModelIPM=Integrated Project Management (CMM process area)IPPD=Integrated Product and Process DevelopmentIPI=Internal Process ImprovementIPT=Integrated Product TeamISACA=Information Systems Audit and ControlAssociation ISM=Integrated Software Management (CMM process area)ISM=Integrated Supplier Management (CMMI process area)ISO=International Organization fro Standardization (International Standards Organization)IT=Integrated Teaming (CMM process area)ITIL=Information Technology Infrastructure LibraryJAD=Joint application designJIT=Just in TimeJTCI=Joint Technical Committee on Information TechnologyKGI=Key Goal IndicatorsKIPA=Korean IT Industry Promotion IndustryKP=Key practiceKPI's=Key Performance IndicatorKPA=Key Process AreaKSLOC=thousand source lines of codeMA (M&A)=Measurement and Analysis (CMM process area)MBNQA=Malcom Bridge National Quality AwardMDD=Method Description DocumentME=Measurement and Analysis (CMM KPA common feature)MOA=Memorandum of AgreementMOM=Message Orientated MiddlewareMQ=Maturity QuestionnaireMSG=Management Steering GroupMSMO=Microsoft Message Queue ServerMTBF-Mean Time Between FailuresOEI=Organizational Environment for Integration (CMMI process area)OID=Organizational Innovation and Deployment (CMMI process area)OO=Object OrientatedOOA&D=Object Orientated Analysis & DesignOoda=Observe-Orient-Decide-ActOPD=Organization Process Definition (CMM process area Level 3 KPA)OPF=Organizational Process Focus (CMM process area Level 3 KPA)OPF=Organizational Process Focus (CMMI process area)OPM3=Organizational Project Management Model (Published by PMI in January, 2004)OPP=Organizational Process Performance (OPF=Organizational Process Focus (CMMI process area)OSSP=Organization's Set of Standart PracticesOT=Organizational TrainingOPF=Organizational Process Focus (CMMI process area)OUSD/AT&L=Office of the Under Secretary of Defense, Acquisition , Technology and LogisticsPA=Process AreaPAIS=Process Appraisal Information Systems (Record of Entry Form for CBA IPIs)PAG=Process Assessment Guiide (ISO SPICE)PAT=Process Action TeamPC=Process Change (Management (CMM Level 5 KPA)PCA's=Pacaged Composite ApplicationsPCAR=People CMM Assessment Repository (Record of Entry Form for a PCMM Assessment)PCB's=Process Capability Baselines-a documented characterization of the range of expected resultsPCM=Process Change Management (CMM Level 5 KPA)PCMM=People Capability Maturity Model (CMM Level 3 KPA)PD=(Organization) Process DefinitionPDCA=Plan-Do-Check-Act; an improvement cycle often used for process improvementPDU=Professional Development UnitPE=(Software) Project Engineering (CMM Level 3 KPA)PF=(Organization) Process Focus (CMM Level 3 KPA)PI=Product IntegrationPII=Process Improvement IndicatorPII=Practice Implementation IndicatorsPIID=Practice Implementation Indicator Data (used for SCAMPI)PIG=Process Improvement Guide (ISO SPICE)PIP=Packaged Integration ProcessesPM=Project ManagementPMAT=appears in COCOMO II model shows the benefit of process maturity on and estimate of effort for a software project. CMM Level 2 to Level 3 noted improvements.4-11%PMBoK=Product Management Body of KnowledgePMC=Project Monitoring and Control (CMMI process area)PMC=Process Management CapabilityPMI=Project Management InstitutePMM=People Maturity ModelPMM=Process Maturity ModelPMP=Project Management ProfessionalPMO=Project Management OfficePP=(Software) Project Planning (CMM Level 2 KPA)PP=Project PlanningPI=Product Integration (CMMI process area)PPBs=Process Performance Baselines-a documented characterization of the actual results achieved by following a process.PPM=Process Performance Model (CMMI)PPQA=Process and Product Quality Assurance (CMMI process area)PSM= Practical Software and Systems ManagementPSM= Practical Software and Systems Measurement ()PSP/TSP=Personal Software Process/Team Software ProcessPT=(Software) Project Tracking (and Oversight) (CMM Level 2 KPA)PTO=Project Tracking and Oversight (CMM Level 2 KPA)QA=(Software) Quiality Assurance (CMM Level 2 KPA)QFD=Quality Function DeploymentQM=(Software) Quality Management (CMM Level 4 KPA)OO=Object OrientatedOoa&D=Object Orientation Analysis and DesignQP=Software Quality Process (Management (CMM Level 4 KPA) OPD=Organizational Process DefiinitionQPM=Quantitative Process Management (CMM process area) QPM=Quantitative Project Management (CMMI process area) RAI=Research Access Inc.RD=Requirements Development (CMMI process area)RE=Requirements EngineeringREQM=Requirements Management (CMMI process area)RM=Requirements Management (CMM Level 2 KPA)RM=Risk ManagmentROI=Return On InvestmentRPG=Report Program GeneratorRSKM=Risk Management (CMMI process area)RTE=Real Tme EnterpriseRTI=Real Time InfrastructureRTM=Requirements Traceability MatrixSA-CMM=Software Acquisition Capability Maturity Model SAM=Supplier Agreement Management (CMMI process area)Software Acquisition Management (CMM process area)SAP=Over the course of three decades, SAP has evolved from a small, regional enterprise into a world-class international company. Today, SAP is the global market leader incollaborative, inter-enterprise business solutions. The company now employs over 28,900 peopleSC7=Subcommittee 7 (ISO JTC1 subcommittee on software engineering)SCAMPI=Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process ImprovementSCCB=Software Configuration Control BoardSCE=Software Capability EvaluationsSCM=Software Configuration Management (CMM Level 2 KPA)SDD=Software Design DocumentSDF=Software Development FileSDLC=Software Development Life CycleSDP=Software Development Plan (also known as Project Plan)SE CAMM=Software Engineering Capability Assessment ModelSECM=Software Engineering Capability ModelSE CMM=Software Engineering Capability Maturity ModelSEI=Software Engineering Institute (at Carnegie Mellon University) 【软件工程学院】SEPG=Software Engineering Process GroupSEPI=Systems Engineering Process InitiativeSERP=Software Engineering Process GroupSG=Specific GoalSLA=Service Level AgreementSLOC=Source Line of CodeSM=Senior ManagementSM=(Software) Subcontract Management (CMM Level 2 KPA)SME=Subject Matter ExpertSOA=Service Orientated ArchitectureSOAP=Simple Object Access ProtocolSOW=Statement of WorkSP=Specific PracticeSPA=Software Process Assessment (SEI project; now CMM-based appraisals) software process assessment (method)SPC=Statistical Process ControlSPC=Software Product ConsortiumSPE=Software Product Engineering (CMM Level 3 KPA)SPI=Software Process ImprovementSPICE=Software Process Improvement and Capability DeterminationSPIN=Software Proess Improvement NetworkSPM=Software Process Mearurement (SEI project)SPP=Software Process Program; Software Project Planning (CMM Level 2 KPA)SPPT=Software Project Tracking and Oversight (CMM process area)SPTO=Software Project Tracking and OversightSQA=Software Quality Assurance (CMM Level 2 KPA)SQM=Software Quality Management (CMM Level 4 KPA)SRS=Software Requirements Specification (also known as RequirementsDocument)SS=Supplier SourcingSSM=Software Subcontract Management (CMM Level 2 KPA)STP=Straight Through ProcessingSW-CMM=Software Capability Maturity ModelTC176=Technical Committee 176 (ISO technical committee on quality managemetn systems)TCM=Technology Change ManagementTCO=Total Cost of OwnershipTM=Technology (Change) Management (CMM Level 5 KPA)TP=Training Program (CMM Level 3 KPA)TQM=Total Quality Management TQM can be defined as the application of quantitative methods and human resources to improve the materials and services provided asinputs to an organization an to improve all of the processes within the organization. The goal of TQM is to meet the needs of the customer, now and in the future.TS=Technical SolutionTTM=Time to MarketTTT=Train the TrainerTVO=Total Value of OpportunityUAN=Universal Application NetworkUAT=user Acceptance TestUDDI=Universal Desciption, Discovery and IntegrationVAL=Validation (CMMI process area)VB=Visual BasicVE=Verifying implementation (CMM KPA common feature)VER=Verification (CMMI process area)WBS=Work Breakdown StructureWG10=Working Group 10 (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 Working Group on software process assessment)WG7=Working Group 7 (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 Working Group on software life cycle processes)WiMAX=Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. 802.11. 70MB Wireless connectivity over 30 milesWP=Workforce PlanningWS=Web ServicesWSDL=Web Services Descriptive LanguageXML=Extensible Markup LanguagexMM=Maturity Models for different business models (SW, I, P)XSL=Extensible Stylesheet LanguageZLE=Zero Latency Enterprise。
英语采访职业报告格式范文
英语采访职业报告格式范文英文回答：Interviewer: Can you please introduce yourself and your profession?Answer: Sure! My name is John and I work as a software engineer. I have been in this profession for the past five years. I am responsible for designing and developing software applications for various clients. This involves writing code, testing it, and ensuring that the software meets the requirements of the client. It's a challenging yet rewarding job.中文回答：采访者，请你介绍一下你自己和你的职业。
回答，当然！我的名字是约翰，我是一名软件工程师。
我已经从事这个职业五年了。
我的工作职责是为不同的客户设计和开发软件应用程序。
这包括编写代码、进行测试，并确保软件符合客户的要求。
这是一项具有挑战性但又有回报的工作。
Interviewer: What made you choose this profession?Answer: Well, I have always had a passion fortechnology and problem-solving. I enjoy the process of creating something from scratch and seeing it come to life. Being a software engineer allows me to use my creativityand logical thinking to develop innovative solutions. It'sa field that is constantly evolving, and I find that exciting.中文回答：采访者，是什么让你选择了这个职业？回答，嗯，我一直对技术和解决问题充满热情。
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欧阳柳波 湖南大学软件学院
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一、为什么要使用过程
一个过程是为完成某一作业而定义的一系列步 骤。 一个作业的每个步骤或阶段都有明确的入口准 则，只有满足这些条件，才可以开始进入这个 阶段；同样它们也有出口准则，只有满足这些 条件，才可以结束这个阶段。 软件工程师的过程质量很大程度上决定了他们 的工作质量和效率，过程的设计和管理在软件 工程中是非常重要的。
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六、更新的项目计划总结表
引入的缺陷 计划 设计 编码 代码复查 编译 测试 总计 排除的缺陷 计划 设计 编码 代码复查 编译 测试 总计 2011-5-29 10 计划 实际 累计 累计百分比 Def/Hour 计划 实际 累计 累计百分比 Def/Hour
、一个项目计划的示例
八、累计时间值的示例
PSP项目计划总结表 项目计划总结表
学生 程序 教师 学生A 教师X 总结 Minutes/LOC LOC/Hour Defects/KLOC 过程效益 A/FR 程序规模（LOC） 新开发与更改的 最大规模 最小规模 2011-5-29 23 31 15 14 29 29 计划 7.21 8.32 日期 程序号# 程序设计语言 实际 6.76 8.88 3/12/2003 9 Ada 累计 、 、 、
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四、PSP过程脚本
目的 编译程序； 4 编译 修复所发现的缺陷； 将编译阶段所花费的时间登入时间记录日志 测试程序； 5 测试 修复所发现的缺陷； 将测试阶段所花费的时间登入时间记录日志 6 后置处理 将实际的规模和时间登入项目计划总结表； 将后置处理阶段所花费的时间登入时间记录日志 经过详尽测试的程序； 出口准则 较好的设计文档； 完整的程序清单、已经填好的项目计划总结表； 已经填好的时间日志
需求 计划 设计 过程 脚本 指南 编码 编译 测试 后置处理 时间和缺 陷数据 各种 日志 实际数据 项目计划 总结表 计划数据
最终产品
计划的和实际的 项目和过程的数 据
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四、PSP过程脚本
目的 指导用户进行小型程序的开发 问题描述；PSP项目计划总结表； 入口准则 以前开发的程序的实际规模和时间数据； 时间记录日志 计划 获取对程序功能的描述；估计整个程序的代码行数及其最大值和最 小值；确定开发效率(Min/LOC)；计算总开发时间及其最大值和最小 值；将计划数据填入项目计划总结表；将计划阶段所花费的时间登 入时间记录日志 设计程序； 2 设计 按照指定的格式记录设计文档； 将设计阶段所花费的时间登入时间记录日志 实现设计； 3 编码 使用标准的格式来书写程序代码； 将编码阶段所花费的时间登入时间记录日志
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六、更新的项目计划总结表
PSP项目计划总结表 项目计划总结表
学生 程序 教师 学生A 教师X 总结 Minutes/LOC LOC/Hour Defects/KLOC 过程效益 A/FR 程序规模（LOC） 新开发与更改的 最大值 最小值 2011-5-29 26 36 18 8 19 19 计划 7.82 7.67 日期 程序号# 程序设计语言 实际 7.21 8.32 3/12/2003 8 Ada 累计 7.21 8.32 、 、 、
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六、更新的项目计划总结表
开发阶段时间/min 计划 设计 编码 代码复查 编译 测试 后置处理 总计 最大时间 最小时间 12 29 15 203 282 141 21 43 8 137 21 43 8 137 15.3 31.4 5.8 100.0 计划 10 19 118 实际 4 0 61 累计 4 0 61 累计百分比 2.9 0 44.6
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指导用户进行小型程序的开发
五、检查点和阶段
检查点为测量项目状态提供了精确的参考点。 软件开发过程进一步把检查点的思想从几个点 扩展到所有的阶段。 对于一个已定义的过程，每个阶段产生一个特 定的结果，阶段完成时刻即为一个可测量的检 查点。 通过使用一个已定义的过程，将有许多点来帮 助你制定和跟踪你的工作。
PSP项目计划总结表 项目计划总结表
学生 程序 教师 学生A 教师X 总结 Minutes/LOC LOC/Hour Defects/KLOC 过程效益 A/FR 程序规模（LOC） 新开发与更改的 最大规模 最小规模 2011-5-29 23 31 15 11 计划 7.21 8.32 日期 程序号# 程序设计语言 实际 3/12/2003 9 Ada 累计 、 、 、
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二、过程定义
一个有完整描述的过程，称为已定义的 过程，它一般由一些脚本、表格、模板 和标准组成。 一个过程脚本是一组书面的、过程的用 户或代理在使用过程时应该遵守的步骤。 各种表格（如一些日志和总结表）是用 来记录和保存项目数据的。
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三、PSP过程流程图
七、一个项目计划的示例
开发阶段时间/min 计划 设计 编码 代码复查 编译 测试 后置处理 总计 最大时间 最小时间 25 52 10 166 224 108 计划 5 0 74 实际 累计 累计百分比
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七、一个项目计划的示例
引入的缺陷 计划 设计 编码 代码复查 编译 测试 总计 排除的缺陷 计划 设计 编码 代码复查 编译 测试 总计 2011-5-29 13 计划 实际 累计 累计百分比 Def/Hour 计划 实际 累计 累计百分比 Def/Hour
八、累计时间值的示例
开发阶段时间/min 计划 设计 编码 代码复查 编译 测试 后置处理 总计 最大时间 最小时间 25 52 10 166 224 108 28 49 11 196 49 92 19 333 14.7 27.6 5.7 100.0 计划 5 0 74 实际 11 12 85 累计 15 12 146 累计百分比 4.5 3.6 43.9
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八、累计时间值的示例
引入的缺陷 计划 设计 编码 代码复查 编译 测试 总计 排除的缺陷 计划 设计 编码 代码复查 编译 测试 总计 2011-5-29 16 计划 实际 累计 累计百分比 Def/Hour 计划 实际 累计 累计百分比 Def/Hour
九、练习
对于第一个PSP程序，猜测各个阶段的时 间分布； 利用已有的项目计划总结表为下一个要 设计的程序制定一个计划。 利用项目计划总结表中的累计百分比那 一列来估计各个阶段的时间，开始作业 前记录估计的数据，完成作业后记录实 际的规模数据。