哈尔滨医科大学外科学(普外)2016年考博真题试卷
(完整word版)全国外科学考博试题总结,推荐文档
全国外科学考博试题总结名词解释：1.高钾血症；2.心脏按摩；3.中心静脉压；4.非少尿型急性肾功能衰竭；5.呼吸性酸中毒；6.肠源性感染；7.脓毒症（sepsis）；8.Superinfection；9.ARDS；10.过继免疫疗法；11.CARS12.GVHR；13.SIADH；14．基因诊断；15.条件性感染；16.SIADH；17.SIRS；18. 预存式自体输血；19．休克抑制期；20. 痈；21.海绵状血管瘤；22.负氮平衡；23. 脑再灌注损伤；24.中厚皮片；25. 脓血症26.烧伤面积的中国九分法；27.systemic inflammatory response syndrome ；28.功能性细胞外液；29.心肺复苏；30.MSOF；31.ARF；32.ARDS；33.ICU；34.休克指数；35.MODS；36.条件感染；37.载体和重组质粒；38.MAC；39.导向复苏40.精准医疗论述题：1、较广泛的或剧烈的创伤性炎症对机体可引起哪些不利影响？（10 分）2、成人呼吸窘迫综合症的临床表现和分期（15 分）。
3.输血适应症4.外科抗菌药应用原则5.理想手术切口应具备的条件6.肾替代疗法应达到的指标7.DIC 的临床表现8.创伤治愈的分期、处理原则9.理想的肿瘤标志物应具备的特点10. 肾在体内酸碱平衡调节的机制11. 肠外营养的适应证和并发症12. 自体输血的方式和禁忌证13.试述肠内营养适应证14.试述自体输血的适应证与禁忌症15.分输血的种类和适应症16.肠源性感染的发病机制17.代谢性酸中毒的分型及常见原因18.创伤的检查与诊断步骤（13）19.脑复苏的现代观念及主要方法20.灭菌与消毒有何区别？21.高钾血症的原因和诊断处理？22.肠外营养有哪些常见并发症如何处理23.简述外科如何选择和使用抗菌药物？24..创伤后组织修复分几个阶段？简述其修复过程？25.创伤后组织修复过程分为哪几个阶段？各阶段的主要特点是什么？26.试述肿瘤浸润与转移过程中的相关因素？27.试述创伤的代谢变化及其临床意义？28.溶血反应的发病机理及病理变化？29.感染性休克病理生理变化过程中血流动力学改变有何特征？治疗要点是什么？30.全胃肠外营养的并发症31..肠细菌移位的发生机制32.腹部外科术后心力衰竭的紧急处理，应从哪些方面着手？33.有哪些腹部外科疾病与病毒感染有关？如何预防和治疗。
外科学博士试题集锦
去年在小木虫、百度文库、丁香园、爱爱医收集的博士入学考试外科学简答题，是好几个学校在一块的，北医、上交、协和、山大,301，华科的，受益颇大，当时下载也花了不少心血，总结费了不少时间，分享给大家，一份耕耘，一份收获，但愿好运常相随！！！考博问答题整理无菌术1.什么是无菌术？无菌术的内容包括那些？无菌术是针对微生物及感染途径所采取的一系列预防措施。
无菌术的内容包括灭菌、消毒法、操作规则及管理制度。
2.无菌术、灭菌？所谓灭菌就是杀灭一切活的微生物。
而消毒是指杀灭病原微生物和其他活动有害微生物，但不要求奢靡额和清除所有微生物3.常用的灭菌消毒法有：(1)高压蒸汽法。
(2)煮沸法。
(3)火烧法。
(4)药液浸泡法。
(5)甲醛蒸汽熏蒸法。
4.手术过程中的无菌原则(1)手术人员穿无菌手术衣和戴无菌手套之后，手不能接触背部、腰部以下和肩部以上部位，这些区域属于有菌地带；同样，也不要接触手术台边缘以下的布单。
(2)不可在手术人员的背后传递手术器械及用品。
坠落到无菌巾或手术台边以外的器械物品，不准拾回再用。
(3)手术中如手套破损或接触到有菌地方，应更换无菌手套。
如前臂或肘部触碰有菌地方，应更换无菌手术衣或加套无菌袖套。
如无菌巾、布单等物已被湿透，其无菌隔离作用不再完整，应加盖干的无菌布单。
(4)在手术过程中，同侧手术人员如需调换位置，一人应先退后一步，背对背地转身到达另一位置，以防触及对方背部不洁区。
(5)手术开始前要清点器械、敷料，手术结束时，检查胸、腹等体腔，待核对器械、敷料数无误后，才能关闭切口，以免异物遗留腔内产生严重后果。
(6)切口边缘应以无菌大纱布垫或手术巾遮盖，并用巾钳或缝线固定，仅显露手术切口。
术前手术区粘贴无菌塑料薄膜可达到相同目的。
(7)做皮肤切口以及缝合皮肤之前，需再消毒皮肤一次。
(8)切开空腔脏器前，要先用纱布垫保护周围组织，以防止或减少污染。
(9)参观手术的人员不可太靠近手术人员或站得太高，也不可经常在室内走动，以减少污染的机会。
(整理)哈尔滨医科大学至学年第二学期外科学期末考试试题
哈尔滨医科大学2006至2007学年第二学期外科学期末考试试题哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院外科学试题年级：2004级本科专业：临床医学考试时间：2007年7月19日一、选择题（每题0.5分，共40分）：【A型题】1.调节颅内压的因素有：A.脑脊液压力B.脑灌注压C.脑微循环D.脑血流、脑组织移位和静脉压E.脑组织、脑脊液与血液2.颅内压增高的三主征是：A.血压下降、脉搏微弱、呼吸不规则B.血压上升、脉搏减慢、呼吸不规则C.头痛、呕吐、视乳头水肿D.意识不清、呕吐、偏瘫E.血压上升、脉搏增快、体温升高3.小脑幕切迹疝治疗原则错误的是：A.后颅窝探查，枕下减压术B.快速应用脱水剂降颅压C.尽快明确诊断D.对局灶性占位病变应手术切除病灶E.对弥漫性病变应作去骨瓣减压4.对颅内压增高明显者，下列检查错误的是：A.头颅X片B.头颅CT片C.头颅MRID.腰穿放脑脊液E.脑电图描记5.外伤后头痛呕吐，哪项肯定血肿的存在：A.颞部直接暴力伤，局部有头皮血肿B.枕部受伤，有软组织肿胀C.伤后立即出现神经功能障碍D.意识障碍进行性加深E.头颅CT检查结果6.关于颅骨损伤，下列哪项是错误的：A.有颅骨骨折存在严重的脑损伤B.没有颅骨骨折，可能存在严重的脑损伤C.有颅骨骨折，说明伤者脑损伤较重D.颅骨骨折中，以线形骨折发生率最高E.颅骨骨折，可由间接暴力所致7.脊柱裂最常发生的部位是：A.腰骶部B.腰部C.胸部D.颈胸部E.颈部8.诊断颅底陷入症的标准为：A.齿突位于Boogaard线3mm以上B.齿突位于Boogaard线3cm以上C.齿突位于Chamberlain线3mm以上D.齿突位于Chamberlain线3cm以上E.以上均不正确9.先天性脑积水处置中错误的是：A.发展缓慢不适手术者可给降颅压药物B.脑脊液外引流术C.脑脊液分流术D.解除梗阻的手术E.建立旁路引流的手术10.下列哪项不是狭颅症的临床表现：A.头颅畸形B.突眼C.视乳头水肿，视力下降D.头痛呕吐E.叩诊呈破罐音11.男性，16岁，视力减退半年，头痛一月，查体，双侧视乳头苍白，头颅X线片蝶鞍扩大，鞍上区钙化影，最可能的诊断为：A.垂体瘤B.少突胶质瘤C.颅咽管瘤D.血管网状细胞瘤E.脑膜瘤12.诊断颅内动脉瘤主要依靠：A.自发性蛛网膜下腔出血史B.全脑血管造影C.动眼神经麻痹症状D.Kernig征阳性，腰穿为血性脑脊液E.CT增强扫描13.动静脉畸形最常见的症状是：A.癫痫、出血B.恶心、呕吐C.头痛D.进行性神经功能障碍E.血管杂音14.甲状腺功能亢进诊断主要依靠：A.临床表现B.基础代谢率测定C.放射性碘摄取试验D.甲状腺扫描E.PBI测定（血清蛋白结合碘）15.诊断甲亢简便易行的方法是：A.131I甲状腺功能测定B.基础代谢率的测定C.血浆蛋白结合碘测定D.血浆T3、T4测定E.血浆长效甲状腺刺激素测定16.目前治疗甲亢常用而有效的方法是：A.131I治疗B.抗甲状腺素药物治疗C.甲状腺大部切除术D.服用复方碘剂E.碘剂合并硫氧嘧啶类药物治疗17.甲状腺大部切除术，主要并发症中最危急的是：A.术后呼吸困难和窒息B.喉返神经损伤C.手足抽搐D.喉上神经损伤E.甲状腺危象18.腋窝淋巴结不包括：A.锁骨上组C.胸肌组D.肩胛下组E.中央组19.急性乳房炎的首发症状为：A.局部肿块B.发热C.搏动性疼痛D.患侧腋窝淋巴结肿大E.乳房肿胀疼痛20.急性乳房炎脓肿形成后的主要治疗措施：A.全身应用抗生素B.局部热敷、理疗C.局部注射抗生素D.促使乳汁排出通畅E.切开排脓21.女性，28岁，乳癌，局部溃破，与胸部固定，锁骨下区饱满，可扪及结节，一般情况好，应采取的首选治疗为：A.单纯乳房切除术B.积极换药+双侧卵巢切除术C.放射治疗D.根治性切除术E.静脉化疗22.嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝早期主要症状是：A.疝块不能完全回纳，胀痛稍重B.疝块突然增大，伴明显疼痛C.疝块紧张发硬，而疼痛减轻D.疝块不能回纳，伴机械性肠梗阻病象E.疝块持续存在，伴脓毒血症23.关于腹股沟直疝的特征，正确的是：A.多见于中年以上的妇女B.由直疝三角突出，有时进入阴囊C.常为双侧性D.精索在疝囊后方E.易于嵌顿24.成人腹股沟疝修补术包括：A.高位结扎疝囊颈B.切除疝囊D.腹股沟管管壁的修补E.高位结扎疝囊颈和加强腹股沟管前壁或后壁25.腹部闭合性损伤中，较多见的实质性脏器损伤为哪一项？A.肝B.肾C.脾D.肾上腺E.胰26.腹部闭合性损伤患者，最有价值的体征是：A.腹部压痛B.腹膜刺激征C.肠鸣音增多D.肠鸣音减弱E.恶心、呕吐27.腹腔外伤性实质脏器破裂，确诊中最有意义的检查方法是：A.血压与脉搏的观察B.超声波检查C.血红蛋白值及红细胞计数观察D.腹腔穿刺E.腹部X线平片28.男性，12岁，一天前上腹部被驴踢伤。
历年考博外科题目总汇.doc
历年考博外科题目总汇. .1、Tme及直肠系膜的概念2、胰头癌引起梗阻性黄疸的处理办法3、原位肝移植的手术方式与适应症胃癌的淋巴结清扫范围与手术根治程度分级乳腺癌的内分泌治疗的方法与药物乳癌治疗原则Sirs sepsis MODS的概念与相互关系营养不良的分类与支持的适应症直肠癌前切除术的主要并发症胰岛素瘤的定位诊断肝癌的综合治疗, 肝癌的治疗原则门脉高压上消化道出血的治疗MODS的发病机理MODS的治疗。
胆道出血的诊治慢性甲状腺炎的诊治SAP的治疗：胰腺炎的治疗Bismuth的分类；医源性胆管损伤按Bismuth分类：Ⅰ型：距肝总管起始部向远端2cm以上。
Ⅱ型：距肝总管起始部向远端2cm以内。
Ⅲ型：左右肝管汇合部。
Ⅳ型：左侧肝管或右侧肝管。
Ⅴ型：左右肝管分支处。
甲状腺癌的病理特点胃癌的治疗原则如何正确的对手术病人进行术前肝功能评估，以利手术顺利进行？Child 评分Child-1、Tme及直肠系膜的概念2、胰头癌引起梗阻性黄疸的处理办法3、原位肝移植的手术方式与适应症胃癌的淋巴结清扫范围与手术根治程度分级乳腺癌的内分泌治疗的方法与药物乳癌治疗原则Sirs sepsis MODS的概念与相互关系营养不良的分类与支持的适应症直肠癌前切除术的主要并发症胰岛素瘤的定位诊断肝癌的综合治疗, 肝癌的治疗原则门脉高压上消化道出血的治疗MODS的发病机理MODS的治疗。
胆道出血的诊治慢性甲状腺炎的诊治SAP的治疗：胰腺炎的治疗Bismuth的分类；医源性胆管损伤按Bismuth分类：Ⅰ型：距肝总管起始部向远端2cm以上。
Ⅱ型：距肝总管起始部向远端2cm以内。
Ⅲ型：左右肝管汇合部。
Ⅳ型：左侧肝管或右侧肝管。
Ⅴ型：左右肝管分支处。
甲状腺癌的病理特点胃癌的治疗原则如何正确的对手术病人进行术前肝功能评估，以利手术顺利进行？Child 评分Child：二问答1 PMC（甲状腺乳头状微小腺癌）及其目前治疗原则2 Budd-Chiari syndrome的分型及手术治疗方法布加综合征由各种原因所致肝静脉和其开口以上段下腔静脉阻塞性病变引起的常伴有下腔静脉高压为特点的一种肝后门脉高压症。
考博外科学试题及答案
考博外科学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪项不是外科手术的基本原则？A. 无菌操作B. 无创原则C. 快速切除D. 保护组织2. 外科手术中，以下哪项不是常用的止血方法？A. 压迫止血B. 电凝止血C. 药物止血D. 物理止血3. 以下哪种情况不适合进行手术治疗？A. 急性阑尾炎B. 慢性胆囊炎C. 严重营养不良D. 早期乳腺癌4. 外科手术中，以下哪项不是术后并发症？A. 感染B. 出血C. 疼痛D. 血栓形成5. 以下哪项是腹腔镜手术的优点？A. 切口大B. 恢复快C. 视野差D. 并发症多6. 以下哪项是外科手术前的常规准备？A. 禁食禁水B. 立即手术C. 无需体检D. 无需心理辅导7. 以下哪种麻醉方式适用于短小手术？A. 全身麻醉B. 局部麻醉C. 椎管内麻醉D. 神经阻滞麻醉8. 以下哪项是外科手术中常见的感染类型？A. 细菌性感染B. 真菌性感染C. 病毒性感染D. 寄生虫感染9. 以下哪项是外科手术中常见的并发症？A. 心律失常B. 肾功能衰竭C. 肺栓塞D. 以上都是10. 以下哪项是外科手术中的无菌操作原则？A. 无菌区域与非无菌区域分离B. 手术器械随意摆放C. 手术人员可以随意进出手术室D. 手术人员可以不戴口罩答案：1-5 C, D, C, D, B；6-10 A, B, A, D, A二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述外科手术前的基本准备流程。
答：外科手术前的基本准备流程包括：患者体检、病情评估、术前讨论、手术方案制定、患者及家属的知情同意、禁食禁水、皮肤准备、术前用药等。
2. 请列举三种常见的外科手术并发症，并简要说明其预防措施。
答：常见的外科手术并发症包括感染、出血和血栓形成。
预防措施分别为：严格遵守无菌操作原则、术中控制出血、术后使用抗凝药物和鼓励患者早期活动。
3. 描述腹腔镜手术与传统开腹手术的主要区别。
答：腹腔镜手术与传统开腹手术的主要区别在于：腹腔镜手术切口小、创伤小、恢复快、疼痛轻、住院时间短；而传统开腹手术切口大、创伤大、恢复慢、疼痛重、住院时间较长。
历年考博外科题目总汇
历年考博外科题目总汇
一、2019年
1. 关于原发性肺癌的研究，下列哪些表述是正确的？
A. 血浆ENA+的表达量可用于原发性肺癌诊断，并预测原发性肺癌的预后。
B. CEA与原发性肺癌无关。
C. 手术切除治疗原发性肺癌，放化疗治疗效果稳定。
D. 小细胞肺癌和非小细胞肺癌的单独治疗效果相当。
2. 对于难治性结直肠癌，下列哪些策略是值得推广的？
A. 综合治疗，同时应用化疗和放疗。
B. 外科手术治疗是难治性结直肠癌的主要手段。
C. 靶向治疗可以显著提高难治性结直肠癌的疗效。
D. 维持治疗是治疗难治性结直肠癌的关键。
3. 关于甲状腺乳头状癌的研究，下列哪些表述是正确的？
A. 甲状腺乳头状癌和甲状腺髓样癌是发生率最高的两种甲状腺癌。
B. 术后碘131治疗可有效治疗甲状腺乳头状癌。
C. 对于像素大于5mm的甲状腺结节，应该考虑手术切除治疗。
D. 采用食管损伤侵袭方式，可大大提高甲状腺乳头状癌的切除率。
4. 关于乳腺癌的研究，下列哪些表述是正确的？
A. 用化疗/内分泌治疗或乳腺切除术+放疗可以治疗初步病变的乳腺癌。
B. 术前磁共振成像可以为乳腺癌定位提供很大帮助。
C. 显微镜技术可以确诊非肿瘤性病变和高危乳腺病变。
D. 彩色B超可以展现乳腺癌灶的形态和邻近关系。
以上四道考博试题，涵盖了肺部、结直肠、甲状腺和乳腺癌等外科医学领域常见疾病的诊治方法和策略，对考生的综合泛化能力要求较高。
2016年全国医学博士英语统考参考答案
注意：本答案非华慧考博官网出，完整参考答案请及时关注《华慧医学考博英语一本通》2016医博英语考试听力部分答案Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. B. At three next Wednesday.2. B. A piercing pain.3. A. He is going to get married.4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more.5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.6. B. It's wise to be prepared.7. B. He is a trouble-maker.8. D. $309. C. Work out in the gym.10. B. 23211. A. Mary isn't his type.12. A. Play tennis.13. C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady.Section BDialogue16. A. A duodenal ulcer.17. B. Try medical means.18. A. Overweight.19. C. He is a heavy smoker.20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks.Passage One21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.23. B. In their 60s and 70s.24. D. Iron.25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity.Passage Two26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty.27. B. He is an investment advisor.28. D. Fear.29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way.2016医学考博英语Vocabulary参考答案Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.A. compensationB. compromiseC. commodityD. consumptionKey: A32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.A. alleviateB. aggravateC. extinguishD. interveneKey: D33. But despite all the legal hustle and bus tle, they don’t actually expect to _______ death sentences to life terms without parole.A. induceB. convertC. reviveD. swerveKey: B34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.A. integralB. grossC. wholesomeD. intactKey: C35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A. provisionB. prosperityC. privilegeD. preferenceKey: B36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ asa result of bed shortages.”A. facilitated B. forfeited C. fulfilled D. furnishedKey: B37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.A. exclusivelyB. superficiallyC. utterlyD. doubtfullyKey: C38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A. recklesslyB. sparinglyC. sensiblyD. incrediblyKey: A39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.A. filteredB. distilledC. contaminatedD. purifiedKey: C40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A. by the wayB. at all eventsC. by no meansD. in any senseKey: C2016医学考博英语阅读参考答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage One61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage, is_____________.A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchil63. When there exists a “marker” in the child according to the passage, __________.A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64. What is the author trying to tell us inthethird paragraph?B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65. What is the main idea of the passage?C. Parents’ role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66. The study's results indicated_____________.A. health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67. Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A. higher death rate.68. What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C. large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69. The Americans' unique health-carechallenge, according to James Smith, is derived form ______________.D. their unhealthy lifestyle factors70. Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine __________.B. benefits more seniors who needmedicalcare.Passage Three71. The current PIK study ___________.B. was based on the global land-use models72. As the PIK results imply, it ispossible ____________.D. to return to the emission levels around199573. Simply put, to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to __________.A. to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74. The greenhouse gas pie tellsus__________.C. the priorities in the environmentalprotection75. What can be the best title forthepassage?D. Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76. What can be said of Henry?C. His life was improved with telehealth.77. Henry activates his daily healthmanagement __________.B. By getting hooked up to themonitoringdevices78. As one of the pioneering patients,Henry __________.A. receives the most benefitsfromtelehealth79. What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D. His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80. Thanks to the telehealth technologyHenry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus __________.C. getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81. Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health __________.A. lies in our exposome82. What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D. Changeable.83. Speaking of genes, Rappaport wouldsaythat __________.B. there is no such a thing aspredictivemedicine.84. Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences. Wild contends that __________.C. each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85. Particularly important, according toNicholson, is the time when __________.C. the exposome comes inPassage Six86. The author cries for a changein____________.D. global science publishing87. According to the author, the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to __________.C. their limited publications in globalindexing databases88. The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that __________.D. most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89. To address the current situation, theauthor argues that it is imperative that __________.D. quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90. Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C. Globalizing Science Publishing全国医学考博英语作文讲的是全科医生的缺乏和对策首先讲医疗发展了，人们对医疗的需求加大，但是全科医生缺乏。
2016年全国医学博士外语统一考试真题及答案
Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases,marked A,B,C and D,are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then,mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.Employers have a legal obligation to pay_______to their workers forpensation promise modity D.consumptionKey:A32.The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to_________.A.alleviateB.aggravateC.extinguishD.interveneKey:D33.But despite all the legal hustle and bustle,they don’t actually expect to_______death sentences to life terms without parole.A.induceB.convertC.reviveD.swerve Key:B34.To maintain physical well-being,a person should eat_______food and get sufficient exercise.A.integral B.gross C.wholesome D.intactKey:C35.The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the______and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A.provisionB.prosperityC.privilegeD.preferenceKey:B36.It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that“their lives will not be______as a result of bed shortages.”A.facilitatedB.forfeitedC.fulfilledD.furnished Key:B37.The cause of his death has been a mystery and_______unknown so far.A.exclusivelyB.superficiallyC.utterlyD.doubtfully Key:C38.It is known that some ways of using resources_______can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A.recklesslyB.sparinglyC.sensiblyD.incrediblyKey:A39.Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through______ water.A.filtered B.distilled C.contaminated D.purifiedKey:C40.We welcome him not____________as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A.by the wayB.at all eventsC.by no meansD.in any senseKey:C2016医博英语考试阅读理解答案如下：Part IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Passage One61.To have a journey of discovery witheach child,according to the passage,is_____________.A.to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62.In the first paragraph,the authorsuggests that parents____________.D.keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchild63.When there exists a“marker”in thechild,according to the passage,__________.A.it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64.What is the author trying to tell us inthe third paragraph?B.Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65.What is the main idea of the passage?C.Parents’role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66.The study's results indicated_____________.A.health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67.Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A.A higher death rate.68.What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C.A large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69.The Americans'unique health-carechallenge,according to James Smith,is derived form______________.D.their unhealthy lifestyle factors70.Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine__________.B.benefits more seniors who need medicalcare.Passage Three71.The current PIK study___________.B.was based on the global land-use models72.As the PIK results imply,it ispossible____________.D.to return to the emission levels around199573.Simply put,to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to__________.A.to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74.The greenhouse gas pie tells us__________.C.the priorities in the environmentalprotection75.What can be the best title for thepassage?D.Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76.What can be said of Henry?C.His life was improved with telehealth.77.Henry activates his daily healthmanagement__________.B.By getting hooked up to the monitoringdevices78.As one of the pioneering patients,Henry__________.A.receives the most benefits fromtelehealth79.What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D.His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80.Thanks to the telehealth technology,Henry knows for sure his blood oxygen level,thus__________.C.getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81.Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health__________.A.lies in our exposome82.What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D.Changeable.83.Speaking of genes,Rappaport would saythat__________.B.there is no such a thing as predictivemedicine.84.Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences.Wild contends that__________.C.each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85.Particularly important,according toNicholson,is the time when__________.C.the exposome comes inPassage Six86.The author cries for a change in____________.D.global science publishing87.According to the author,the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to__________.C.their limited publications in globalindexing databases88.The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that__________.D.most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89.To address the current situation,theauthor argues that it is imperative that__________.D.quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90.Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C.Globalizing Science Publishing。
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1.乳腺Cooper韧带
2.胰十二指肠切除术的child吻合
3.肝门胆管癌bismuth分型
4.肝Couinaud分段法
5.右侧喉返神经损伤的声带图
三、简答题
1.布加综合征的分型
2.左右半结肠癌的临床表现异同
3.急性重症胰腺炎的处理原则
4.慢性便秘的原因
5.阑尾炎术后并发症
四、论述题
1.论述原发性肝癌的治疗。
2.论述胆管损伤的原因和预防。
医学考博真题试卷
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哈尔滨医科大学
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：外科学（普外）
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