化学英语证书考试(PEC)天然药物化学专业词汇Word版
化学英语证书考试(PEC)化工技术术语解释
化学英语证书考试（PEC）-化工技术术语解释Gas VolumeThe amount of air or gas intake in a particular time unitm3/min、CMM：gas volume per1 minutem3/h、CMH：gas volume per1 hourm3/min、CFM：gas volume per min = cubic feet (used often in America)1f3/min＝0.0283m3/minNm3/min：gas volume under normal conditions (0℃, humidity 0%, intake absolute pressure 760mmHg)Convert into the gas temperature. Calculation is belowQt：converted gas temperature t℃gas volumeQN：requested gas volume under normal conditionsStatic PressuremmAq：A unit shown in height when the water pumped in or upAq=Aqua (water) abbreviation. Waterspout in millimeters (written as mmH2O)inH2O：If not in millimeters, written in inches. (used often in America)1 inch＝25.4mmPa：Pascal (International unit for measuring pressure)1mmAq＝9.80665Pakgf/m2：1kgf/m2＝1mmAqbar：bar (European unit for measuring pressure)1bar＝10.197mAq、1mbar＝10.197mmAqShaft PowerThe measure of power used at the shaft of the fan. Shaft power is measured in kW.Revolution Speedrpm、（R/M）、min-1：revolution per 1 minuteGas Specific Weightkg/m3：Weight per unit volume of gasGenerally1.2kg/m3 is most common under normal conditions (20℃, relative humidity 65%, and absolute pressures 760mmHg)The specific weight of the gas changes due to temperature variations.The change in the specific weight of the gas due to temperature is calculated as follows.：Specific weight of gas at temperature t℃of gas kg/m3：Specific weight of gas in 0℃temperature of gas kg/m3Conversion affected in specific weight volume performanceAll the performance labels in the fan catalog (capacity chart) are displayed by the normal atmosphericconditions. Therefore, specific weight becomes 1.2kgf/m3.Usually under general atmospheric condition there is no problem but when specific weight of the gas differs bya large amount it is necessary to refer to the capacity range chart.This conversion is calculated as follows(1)Static PressureSSp＝The actual static pressure found in a particular situation (static pressure required by the customer) mmAqSp'：Static pressure as shown seen in capacity range chart mmAq：The specific weight of the gas used(2)Shaft PowerLB：Actual shaft power kWLB'：Shaft power as shown in the capacity range chart：Specific weight of gas being used kg/m3Conversion affected in rotation speed performanceThe relation between the change in the blower rotational speed and the change in the gas volume, the static pressure, and the shaft power is proportional as follows.(1)Gas V olume(2)Static Pressure(3)Shaft PowerN1：Rotation speed before change rpmN2：Rotation speed after change rpmQ1：Gas volume before change in rotational speed m3/minQ2：Gas volume after change in rotational speed m3/minSp1：Static pressure before change in rotational speed mmAqSp2：Static pressure after change in rotational speed mmAqLB1：Shaft power before change in rotational speed kWLB2：Shaft power after change in rotational speed kWNatural TypeNatural draught without using a blower.Forced Draft TypeA blower is installed at the air intake of the towerInduced Draft TypeA blower is installed at the air outlet of the towerClosed TypeAn indirect cooling method where water passes through a pipe and the air and spayed water flow outside of the pipe.Open TypeAir/water direct contact methodWhat is a cooling tower?An equipment that cools circulating water with air. The principle of the cooling tower: the circulating waterloses heat during evaporation thus lowering the temperature.CavitationCavitation is the forming and subsequent collapse of bubbles in a liquid when water at normal temperature is pumped up more than 10m and the saturated vapor pressure falls below the static pressure. It's a phenomenon that occurs when the static pressure drops below the saturated vapor pressure, evaporates or condenses the liquid, thus creates bubbles. When these bubbles collapse, it creates a shockwave, noise and vibration and reduces the efficiency of the machinery, such as screws or pumps. The erosion of the machinery could cause the machinery to be destroyed during cavitation.When the available NPSH is greater than the necessary NPSH, depending on the given conditions of pipe or pump installation, cavitation will not occur.Available NPSHThere is a need for a higher static head pressure when the total pressure at the impellor suction is equivalent or higher than the saturated vapor pressure, cavitation in the pump will not occur. This available NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) can be calculated as follows.NPSHav＝Ha－Hvp±Hs－hl・Ha：working atmospheric pressure at suction surface (m)・Hvp：Saturated vapor pressure at that water temperature (m)・Hs：Suction Total Head (m) (when pumping in +, when pumping up - )・hl：Suction loss from all pipingDynamic SealIn the case of a vertical Molded pump: when the pump is in operation, the centrifugal force at the back of the impellor blade pushes the liquid to the casing, forming a liquid membrane. This effect at the rear of the blade prevents leakage.Hold UpHold up is the volume of liquid retained in the filling during operation.HOGAn indicator showing the performance of the filling. The lower the indicator, the better the performance. It is varied according to the type and concentration of gas and, the type of filling and capacity of the cleaning fluid.FloodingWhen there is too much cleaning fluid being spayed it fills the airspace in the filling, causing the gas flow to beobstructed. The gas then tries to force its way through, causing the fluid to burst into droplets passed outsidewith the gas. This phenomenon is called flooding.Biological Deodorizing TowerPorous ceramic is used in this deodorizing processing equipment where the carrier filled with living bacterias metabolize and decompose odors through oxidization.Activated Carbon Absorption TowerThis equipment removes odors with activated carbon.Cleaning Tower (Scrubber)When polluted gas enters the equipment, water or harmful elements are neutralized by a chemical solution within the tower. They are then absorbed into a cleaning fluid and further neutralized so that a clean gas may be discharged. This type or cleaning tower is known as a scrubber.。
(完整word版)天然药物化学重点笔记总结.docx
名词解释1、天然药物：来源于天然资源的药物，是药物的重要组成部分，亦是创新药物和先导物的重要来源2、天然药物化学：现代科学理论、方法和技术研究天然药物中化学成分、寻找药效成分的一门学科3、有效成分（ Effective Constituents）指具有生理活性、有药效，能治病的成分。
4、有效部位：指含有一种主要有效成分或一组结构相近的有效成分的部位，称为有效部位。
如：总生物碱、总皂苷或总黄酮等。
5、无效成分（Inffective Constituents）指无生理活性、无药效，不能治病的成分。
6、有毒成分：指能导致疾病的成分。
7、有效部位（Effective Extracts）指含有一种主要有效成分或一组结构相近的有效成分的部位，称为有效部位。
如：总生物碱、总皂苷或总黄酮等。
8、提取常用方法：1．浸渍法2．渗漉法3．煎煮法 4 ．回流提取法5．连续回流提取法9、利用分子中价键的伸缩及弯曲振动在波数4000～ 500cm-1 红外区域引起的吸收，而测得的吸收图谱叫红外光谱。
特征频率区4000～1600 cm-1 指纹区 1500～600 cm-110、常见官能团伸缩振动区：①O-H、N-H（3750~3000 cm-1）② C-H（3300~2700 cm-1）③ C≡C（2400~2100 cm-1）④C=O（1900~1650cm-1 ）⑤ C=C（1690~1600 cm-1）11、已知物的鉴定，一般通过光谱图中吸收峰的位置、强度和峰形与已知化合物的标准红外光谱图相比较，可以判断被测定的化合物是否与已知化合物的结构相同。
红外光谱对未知结构化合物的鉴定，主要用于官能团的确认、芳环取代类型的判断。
12、质谱 (mass spectrometry)，就是化合物分子经电子流冲击或用其他手段打掉一个电子后，形成正电离子，在电场和磁场的作用下，按质量大小排列而成的图谱。
13、核磁共振波谱是化合物分子在磁场中受到另一射频磁场的照射，当照射场的频率等于原子核在外磁场的回旋频率时，有磁距的原子核就会吸收一定的能量产生能级的跃迁，即发生核磁共振，以吸收峰的频率对吸收强度作图所得到的图谱。
化学英语证书考试(pec)-基础化学常用词汇
化学英语证书考试（PEC）-基础化学常用词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. V oltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation 偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level 零水准218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
天然药化专业英语词汇-10页word资料
中药 traditional Chinese drug生药 crude drug草药 medicinal herb民族药 ethnic drug地产药材 native drug道地药材 famous-region drug中成药 Chinese patent medicine海洋生药学 marine pharmacognosy药用植物学 medicinal botany植物化学 phytochemistry植物化学分类学 plant chemotaxonomy 生药拉丁名 Latin name of crude drug 学名 scientific name来源 source混淆品 adulterant类同品 allied drug伪品 counterfeit drug代用品 substitute掺伪 adulteration天然产物 natural product化学成分 chemical constituent有效成分 effective constituent主成分 main constituent活性成分 active constituent莽草酸途径 shikimic acid pathway乙酸一丙二酸途径 acetate-malonate pathway乙酸- 甲瓦龙酸途径 acetate-mevalonate pathway 单糖 monosaccharide戊糖 pentose己精 hexose庚糖 heptose辛糖 octose脱氧糖 deoxysaccharide, deoxysugar呋喃糖 furanose吡喃糖 pyranose寡糖 oligosaccharide二糖 disaccharide三糖 trisaccharide四糖 tetrasaccharide五糖 pentosaccharide多糖 polysaccharide菊糖 inulin黏液 mucilage树胶 gum果胶 pectin半纤维素 hemicellulose纤维素 cellulose甲壳质 chitin肝素 heparin硫酸软骨素 chondroitin sulfate玻璃酸 hyaluronic acid直链淀粉 amylose支链淀粉 amylopectin糖原 glycogen费林试验 Fehling test苷 glycoside糖杂体 heteroside苷元 aglycone苦杏仁酶 emulsin氰苷 cyanogenic glycoside, cyanogenetic glycoside酚苷 phenolic glycoside多酚 polyphenol醛苷 aldehyde glycoside醇苷 alcoholic glycoside吲哚苷 indole glycoside树脂醇苷 resinol glycoside硫苷 thioglycoside呫吨酮 xanthone呫吨酮苷 xanthonoid glycoside蒽醌 anthraquinone蒽醌苷 anthraquinone glycoside蒽酚 anthranol氧化蒽酚 oxanthranol蒽酮 anthrone二蒽酮 dianthrone羟基蒽醌 hydroxyanthraquinone博恩特雷格反应 Borntrager reaction 黄酮类 flavonoid黄酮苷 flavonoid glycoside黄酮 flavone黄烷 flavane黄酮醇 flavonol黄烷酮 flavanone黄烷酮醇 flavanonol异黄酮 isoflavone异黄烷酮 isoflavanone新黄酮类 neoflavonoid双黄酮 biflavone查耳酮 chalcone环菠萝烷 cycloartane达玛烷 dammarane胡萝卜烷 dancane木栓烷 friedelane原萜烷 protostane螺甾烷 spirostane羊毛甾烷 lanostane花色素 anthocyanidin花色苷 anthocyanin原花色素 proanthocyanidin 白花色素 leucoanthocyanidin 白花色素苷 leucoanthocyanin 多烯色素 polyene pigment色烷 chromane色酮 chromone橙酮 aurone皂苷 saponin皂苷元 sapogenin原皂苷元 prosapogenin甾体皂苷 steroid saponin甾体皂苷元 steroid sapogenin三萜皂苷 triterpenoid saponin三萜皂苷元 triterpenoid sapogenin溶血指数 haemolytic index泡沫试验 foam test强心苷 cardiac glycoside强心苷元 cardiac aglycone强心甾 cardenolide海葱甾 scillanolide蟾蜍甾 bufanolide植物脱皮甾醇 phytoecdysteroid一级苷 primary glycoside原始苷 primitive glycoside次级苷 secondary glycoside凯-凯反应 Keller-Kiliani reaction, K-K reaction Kedde test 凯达试验 Legal test莱加尔试验 coumarin glycoside香豆素苷 coumarin香豆素 iridoid glycoside环烯醚萜苷 iridoid环烯醚萜 secoiridoid裂环烯醚苷 secoiridoid glycoside裂环烯醚萜苷 lignan木脂体 lignanolide木脂内酯 neolignan新木脂体 lignin木素 terpene萜 terpenoid萜类 hemiterpene半萜 monoterpene单萜 sesquiterpene倍半萜 diterpene二萜 triterpene三萜 tetraterpene四萜 polyterpene多萜 oleanane齐墩果烷 volatile oil挥发油 essential oil精油 tannin鞣质 tannic acid鞣酸 hydrolysable tannin可水解鞣质 condensed tannin 缩合鞣质 phlobaphene鞣酐 ellagitannin鞣花鞣质 gallotannin没食子鞣质 alkaloid生物碱 Mayer's reagent碘化汞钾试剂 Dragendorff's reagent碘化铋钾试剂 Wagner's reagent碘化钾碘试剂 Bertrand's reagent, silicotungstic acid reagent 硅钨酸试剂 Sonnenschein's reagent, phospho-molybdic acid reagent磷钼酸试剂 Hager's reagent, picric acid reagentMandelin test solution苦味酸试剂 Frohde test solution矾酸铵一浓硫酸试液 Marquis test solution钼酸铵一浓硫酸试液 biuret reaction甲醛一浓硫酸试液 fat双缩脲反应 fatty oil脂肪 de-fatting脂肪油 wax去油 saturated fatty acid蜡 unsaturated fatty acid饱和脂肪酸 saponification不饱和脂肪酸 rancidity皂化 organic acid酸败 resin有机酸 oleoresin树脂 gum resin油树脂 balsam树胶树脂 balsamic acid香树脂 glycosidal resin香脂酸 bitter principle苷树脂 pigment苦味素 trace element色素 acridine alkaloid微量元素 aporphine alkaloid吖啶生物碱 benzylisoquinoline alkaloid阿朴啡类生物碱 bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid 苄基异喹啉生物碱 bisindole alkaloid双苄基异喹啉生物碱 imidazole alkaloid双吲哚生物碱 indole alkaloid咪唑生物碱 indolizidine alkaloid吲哚生物碱 indolylalkylamine alkaloid吲哚联啶生物碱 isoquinoline alkaloid吲哚烷胺生物碱 macrocyclic alkaloid异喹啉生物碱 morphinane alkaloid大环生物碱 oxindole alkaloid吗啡烷生物碱 phenanthridine alkaloid羟吲哚生物碱 phenylalkylamine alkaloid菲啶生物碱 piperidine alkaloid苯烷胺生物碱 purine alkaloid哌啶生物碱 pyridine alkaloid嘌呤生物碱 pyrrolidine alkaloid吡啶生物碱 pyrrolizidine alkaloid吡咯生物碱 quinazoline alkaloid吡咯联啶生物碱 quinoline alkaloid喹唑啉生物碱 quinolizidine alkaloid喹啉生物碱 steroid alkaloid喹啉联啶生物碱 terpenoid alkaloid甾体生物碱 tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid 萜类生物碱 tropane四氢异喹啉生物碱 tropane alkaloid莨菪烷 pyrethroid。
天然药物化学常用词汇
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目录天然药物化学以及相关常用英文词汇分类总结 (1)常用术语以及名词（英文名汉文名） (1)有机化学常用词汇 (13)写作和论文基础词汇 (16)基础化学常用英语词汇 (19)中药化学成分及其相关词汇 (28)药物化学词汇表以及英文解释 (51)化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀 (69)中药学基础词汇总结 (75)常用术语以及名词（英文名汉文名）Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交*构象Staggered conformation 对位交*构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交*共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic ***ter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule 休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化02．3有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交*偶联反应1,4-addition 1，4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交*羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排有机化学常用词汇Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃写作和论文基础词汇Abstracts Abstr. 文摘Abbreviation 缩语和略语Acta 学报Advances 进展Annals Anna. 纪事Annual Annu. 年鉴，年度Semi-Annual 半年度Annual Review 年评Appendix Appx 附录Archives 文献集Association Assn 协会Author 作者Bibliography 书目，题录Biological Abstract BA 生物学文摘Bulletin 通报，公告Chemical Abstract CA 化学文摘Citation Cit 引文，题录Classification 分类，分类表College Coll. 学会，学院Compact Disc-Read Only Memory CD-ROM 只读光盘Company Co. 公司Content 目次Co-term 配合词，共同词Cross-references 相互参见Digest 辑要，文摘Directory 名录，指南Dissertations Diss. 学位论文Edition Ed. 版次Editor Ed. 编者、编辑Excerpta Medica EM 荷兰《医学文摘》Encyclopedia 百科全书The Engineering Index Ei 工程索引Et al 等等European Patent Convertion EPC 欧洲专利协定Federation 联合会Gazette 报，公报Guide 指南Handbook 手册Heading 标题词Illustration Illus. 插图Index 索引Cumulative Index 累积索引Index Medicus IM 医学索引Institute Inst. 学会、研究所International Patent Classification IPC 国际专利分类法International Standard Book Number ISBN 国际标准书号International Standard Series Number ISSN 国际标准刊号Journal J. 杂志、刊Issue 期（次）Keyword 关键词Letter Let. 通讯、读者来信List 目录、一览表Manual 手册Medical Literature Analysis and MADLARS 医学文献分析与检索系统Retrieval SystemMedical Subject Headings MeSH 医学主题词表Note 札记Papers 论文Patent Cooperation Treaty PCT 国际专利合作条约Precision Ratio 查准率Press 出版社Procceedings Proc. 会报、会议录Progress 进展Publication Publ. 出版物Recall Ratio 查全率Record 记录、记事Report 报告、报导Review 评论、综述Sciences Abstracts SA 科学文摘Section Sec. 部分、辑、分册See also 参见Selective Dissemination of Information SDI 定题服务Seminars 专家讨论会文集Series Ser. 丛书、辑Society 学会Source 来源、出处Subheadings 副主题词Stop term 禁用词Subject 主题Summary 提要Supplement Suppl. 附刊、增刊Survey 概览Symposium Symp. 专题学术讨论会Thesaurus 叙词表、词库Title 篇名、刊名、题目Topics 论题、主题Transactions 汇报、汇刊Volume Vol. 卷World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO 世界知识产权World Patent Index WPI 世界专利索引Yearbook 年鉴基础化学常用英语词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
(完整版)天然药物化学专业英语词汇
天然药物化学专业英语词汇中药traditional Chinese drug生药crude drug草药medicinal herb民族药ethnic drug地产药材native drug道地药材famous-region drug中成药Chinese patent medicine海洋生药学marine pharmacognosy药用植物学medicinal botany植物化学phytochemistry植物化学分类学plant chemotaxonomy生药拉丁名Latin name of crude drug学名scientific name来源source混淆品adulterant类同品allied drug伪品counterfeit drug代用品substitute掺伪adulteration天然产物natural product化学成分chemical constituent有效成分effective constituent主成分main constituent活性成分active constituent莽草酸途径shikimic acid pathway乙酸一丙二酸途径acetate-malonate pathway乙酸- 甲瓦龙酸途径acetate-mevalonate pathway单糖monosaccharide戊糖pentose己精hexose庚糖heptose辛糖octose脱氧糖deoxysaccharide, deoxysugar呋喃糖furanose吡喃糖pyranose寡糖oligosaccharide二糖disaccharide三糖trisaccharide四糖tetrasaccharide五糖pentosacc haride多糖polysaccharide淀粉starch树胶gum果胶pectin半纤维素hemicellulose纤维素cellulose甲壳质chitin肝素heparin硫酸软骨素chondroitin sulfate玻璃酸hyaluronic acid直链淀粉amylose支链淀粉amylopectin糖原glycogen费林试验Fehling test苷glycoside糖杂体heteroside苷元aglycone苦杏仁酶emulsin氰苷cyanogenic glycoside, cyanogenetic glycoside 酚苷phenolic glycoside多酚polyphenol醛苷aldehyde glycoside醇苷alcoholic glycoside吲哚苷indole glycoside树脂醇苷resinol glycoside硫苷thioglycoside呫吨酮xanthone呫吨酮苷xanthonoid glycoside蒽醌anthraquinone蒽醌苷anthraquinone glycoside蒽酚anthranol氧化蒽酚oxanthranol蒽酮anthrone二蒽酮dianthrone羟基蒽醌hydroxyanthraquinone博恩特雷格反应Borntrager reaction 黄酮类flavonoid黄酮苷flavonoid glycoside黄酮flavone黄烷flavane黄酮醇flavonol黄烷酮flavanone黄烷酮醇flavanonol异黄酮isoflavone异黄烷酮isoflavanone新黄酮类neoflavonoid裂环烯醚萜苷secoiridoid glycoside 木脂体lignan木脂内酯lignanolide新木脂体neolignan木素lignin萜terpene萜类terpenoid半萜hemiterpene单萜monoterpene倍半萜sesquiterpene二萜diterpene三萜triterpene四萜tetraterpene多萜polyterpene齐墩果烷oleanane挥发油volatile oil精油essential oil鞣质tannin鞣酸tannic acid可水解鞣质hydrolysable tannin缩合鞣质condensed tannin鞣酐phlobaphene鞣花鞣质ellagitannin没食子鞣质gallotannin双缩脲反应biuret reaction脂肪fat脂肪油fatty oil去油de-fatting蜡wax环烯醚萜苷iridoid glycoside环烯醚萜iridoid裂环烯醚苷secoiridoid皂化saponification酸败rancidity饱和脂肪酸saturated fatty acid不饱和脂肪酸unsaturated fatty acid有机酸organic acid树脂resin油树脂oleoresin树胶树脂gum resin香树脂balsam香脂酸balsamic acid苷树脂glycosidal resin苦味素bitter principle色素pigment微量元素trace element生物碱alkaloid吖啶生物碱acridine alkaloid阿朴啡类生物碱aporphine alkaloid苄基异喹啉生物碱benzylisoquinoline alkaloid双苄基异喹啉生物碱bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid 双吲哚生物碱bisindole alkaloid咪唑生物碱imidazole alkaloid吲哚生物碱indole alkaloid吲哚联啶生物碱indolizidine alkaloid吲哚烷胺生物碱indolylalkylamine alkaloid异喹啉生物碱isoquinoline alkaloid大环生物碱macrocyclic alkaloid吗啡烷生物碱morphinane alkaloid羟吲哚生物碱oxindole alkaloid菲啶生物碱phenanthridine alkaloid苯烷胺生物碱phenylalkylamine alkaloid哌啶生物碱piperidine alkaloid嘌呤生物碱purine alkaloid吡啶生物碱pyridine alkaloid吡咯生物碱pyrrolidine alkaloid吡咯联啶生物碱pyrrolizidine alkaloid喹唑啉生物碱quinazoline alkaloid喹啉生物碱quinoline alkaloid喹啉联啶生物碱quinolizidine alkaloid甾体生物碱steroid alkaloid萜类生物碱terpenoid alkaloid四氢异喹啉生物碱tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid碘化汞钾试剂Mayer's reagent碘化铋钾试剂Dragendorff's reagent碘化钾碘试剂Wagner's reagent硅钨酸试剂Bertrand's reagent, silicotungstic acid reagent磷钼酸试剂Sonnenschein's reagent, phospho-molybdic acid reagent 苦味酸试剂Hager's reagent, picric acid reagent矾酸铵-浓硫酸试液Mandelin test solution钼酸铵-浓硫酸试液Frohde test solution甲醛-浓硫酸试液Marquis test solution莨菪烷tropane莨菪烷生物碱tropane alkaloid除虫菊素类pyrethroid-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替…胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上）-yne 炔。
天然药物化学专业英语词汇
天然药物化学专业英语词汇1.emulsin 苦杏仁酶2.cyanogenic glycoside, cyanogenetic glycoside 氰苷3.phenolic glycoside 酚苷4.polyphenol 多酚5.aldehyde glycoside 醛苷6.alcoholic glycoside 醇苷7.indole glycoside 吲哚苷8.resinol glycoside 树脂醇苷9.thioglycoside 硫苷10.xanthone 呫吨酮11.xanthonoid glycoside 呫吨酮苷12.anthraquinone 蒽醌13.anthraquinone glycoside 蒽醌苷14.anthra nol 蒽酚15.oxanthranol 氧化蒽酚16.anthrone 蒽酮17.dianthrone 二蒽酮18.hydroxyanthraquinone 羟基蒽醌19.Borntrager reaction 博恩特雷格反应20.flavonoid 黄酮类21.flavonoid glycoside 黄酮苷22.flavone 黄酮23.flavane 黄烷24.flavon ol 黄酮醇25.flavan one 黄烷酮26.flavanonol 黄烷酮醇27.isoflavone 异黄酮28.isoflavanone 异黄烷酮29.neoflavonoid 新黄酮类30.secoiridoid glycoside 裂环烯醚萜苷31.lig nan 木脂体32.lignanolide 木脂酯33.neolignan 新木脂体34.lignin 木素35.terpen e 萜36.terpen oid萜类37.hemiterpene 半萜38.monoterpene 单萜39.sesquiterpene 倍半萜40.diterpene 二萜41.triterpene 三萜42.tetraterpene 四萜43.polyterpene 多萜44.oleanane 齐墩果烷45.volatile oil 挥发油46.essential oil 精油47.tannin 鞣质48.tannic acid 鞣酸（单宁酸）49.hydrolysable tannin 可水解鞣质50.condensed tannin 缩合鞣质51.phlobaphene 鞣酐52.ellagitannin 鞣花鞣质53.gallotannin 没食子鞣质54.biuret reaction 双缩脲反应55.traditional Chinese drug 中药56.crude drug 生药57.medicinal herb 草药58.ethnic drug 民族药59.native drug 地产药材60.famous-region drug 道地药材61.Chinese patent medicine 中成药62.marine pharmacognosy 海洋生药学63.medicinal botany 药用植物学64.phytochemistry 植物化学65.plant chemotaxonomy 植物化学分类学tin name of crude drug 生药拉丁名67.scientific name 学名68.source 来源69.adulterant 混淆品70.allied drug 类同品71.counterfeit drug 伪品72.substitute 代用品73.adulteration 掺伪74.natural product 天然产物75.chemical constituent 化学成分76.effective constituent 有效成分77.main constituent 主成分78.active constituent 活性成分79.shikimic acid pathway 莽草酸途径80.acetate-malonate pathway 乙酸-丙二酸途径81.acetate-mevalonate pathway 乙酸-甲瓦龙酸途径82.mono saccharide单糖（糖类）83.pent ose戊糖84.hexose 己糖85.heptose 庚糖86.octose 辛糖87.deoxysaccharide, deoxysugar 脱氧糖88.furanose 呋喃糖89.pyranose 吡喃糖90.oligosaccharide 寡糖91.disaccharide 二糖92.trisaccharide 三糖93.tetrasaccharide 四糖94.pentosaccharide 五糖95.polysaccharide 多糖96.starch 淀粉97.gum 树胶98.pectin果胶99.hemicellulose 半纤维素100.cellulose 纤维素101.chitin 甲壳质102.heparin 肝素103.chondroitin sulfate 硫酸软骨素104.hyaluronic acid 玻璃酸105.amylose 直链淀粉106.amylopectin 支链淀粉107.glycogen糖原108.Fehling test 费林试109.glycoside 苷110.heteroside 糖杂体111.aglycone 苷元112.fat 脂肪113.fatty oil 脂肪油114.de-fatting 去油115.wax 蜡116.iridoid glycoside 环烯醚萜苷117.iridoid 环烯醚萜118.seco iridoid 裂环烯醚苷119.saponification 皂化120.rancidity 酸败121.saturated fatty acid 饱和脂肪酸122.unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸anic acid 有机酸124.resin 树脂125.oleoresin 油树脂126.gum resin 树胶树脂127.balsam 香树脂128.balsamic acid 香脂酸129.glycosidal resin 苷树脂130.bitter principle 苦味素131.pigment 色素132.trace element 微量元素133.alkaloid 生物碱134.acridine alkaloid 吖啶生物碱135.aporphine alkaloid 阿朴啡类生物碱136.benzylisoquinoline alkaloid 苄基异喹啉生物碱137.bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid 双苄基异喹啉生物碱138.bisindole alkaloid 双吲哚生物碱139.imidazole alkaloid 咪唑生物碱140.indole alkaloid 吲哚生物碱141.indolizidine alkaloid 吲哚联啶生物碱142.indolylalkylamine alkaloid 吲哚烷胺生物碱143.isoquinoline alkaloid 异喹啉生物碱144.macrocyclic alkaloid 大环生物碱145.morphinane alkaloid 吗啡烷生物碱146.oxindole alkaloid 羟吲哚生物碱147.phenanthridine alkaloid 菲啶生物碱148.phenylalkylamine alkaloid 苯烷胺生物碱149.piperidine alkaloid 哌啶生物碱150.purine alkaloid 嘌呤生物碱151.pyridine alkaloid 吡啶生物碱152.pyrrolidine alkaloid 吡咯生物碱153.pyrrolizidine alkaloid 吡咯联啶生物碱154.quinazoline alkaloid 喹唑啉生物碱155.quinoline alkaloid 喹啉生物碱156.quinolizidine alkaloid 喹啉联啶生物碱157.steroid alkaloid 甾体生物碱158.terpenoid alkaloid 萜类生物碱159.tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid 四氢异喹啉生物碱160.Mayer's reagent 碘化汞钾试剂161.Dragendorff's reagent 碘化铋钾试剂162.Wagner's reagent 碘化钾碘试剂163.Bertrand's reagent, silicotungstic acid reagent 硅钨酸试剂164.Sonnenschein's reagent, phosphomolybdic acid reagent磷钼酸试剂165.Hager's reagent, picric acid reagent 苦味酸试剂166.Mandelin test solution 矾酸铵-浓硫酸试液167.Frohde test solution 钼酸铵-浓硫酸试液168.Marquis test solution 甲醛-浓硫酸试液169.tropane 莨菪烷170.tropane alkaloid 莨菪(liang dang 二声)烷生物碱171.pyrethroid 除虫菊素类172.sterides 甾体。
化学英语证书考试(PEC)-化工应用术语
化学英语证书考试（PEC）-化工应用术语absorptionUptake of a gas into the bulk of a liquid. Gas absorption takes place for example in the liquid of a scrubber tower where an up-streaming gas is washed by a down-going flow of a scrubber solution. adsorptionAttachment of a molecule or atom to a solid surface. Adsorption involves a chemical bond between the adsorbed species and the surface.anisotropyVariation of a transport property in different directions in a material. Is often obtained from homogenization of regular structures, for example, monolithic structures in tubular reactors. Arrhenius rate equationExpression that relates the rate constant of a chemical reaction to the exponential of the temperature.batch reactorReactor characterized by its operation, which means that the reactor does reaches steady state. bipolar plateElectrically conducting plate connected to the anode on one side and to the cathode on the other side in an electrochemical cell.Brinkman equationsExtension of Darcy’s law in order to include the transport of momentum through shear in porous media flow.Butler-Volmer equationExpression that relates the reaction rate of an electron transfer reaction on an electrode surface to the exponential of the overpotential. The equation can be derived from the Arrhenius rate equation by accounting for the contribution of the electric potential to the activation energy.boundary layerRegion in a fluid close to a solid surface. This region is characterized by large gradients in velocity and is often treated with approximative methods, because it is difficult to geometrically resolve the large gradients found there.chemisorptionSee adsorption.continuous reactorReactor that operates without interruption. This type of reactor is characterized by its steady-state operation.diffusion layerFictitious layer in a fluid close to a solid surface where a chemical reaction takes place. The flux of species perpendicular to the surface in this layer is dominated by diffusion.Darcy’s lawEquation that gives the velocity vector as proportional to the pressure gradient. Often used to describe flow in porous media.electroneutrality conditionCondition that states that the sum of charges in a control volume in an electrolyte should be zero. electrophoresisMigration of charged electrolyte ions in an electric field.electroosmosisOnset of a flow due to the application of an external electric field or due to the formation of an electric field created by ion transport in membranes, for example.Euler flowFlow at high velocities, where incompressibility of the fluid is of importance whereas the influence of viscous momentum transport is negligible.Fick’s lawThe first law relates the concentration gradients to the diffusive flux of a solute infinitely diluted in a solvent. The second law introduces the first law into a differential material balance for the solute.fully developed laminar flowLaminar flow along a channel or pipe that only has velocity components in the main direction of the flow. The velocity profile perpendicular to the flow does not change downstream in the flow. Hagen-Poiseuille equationSee Poiseuille’s law.heterogeneous reactionReaction that takes place at the interface between two phases.homogeneous reactionReaction that takes place in the bulk of a solution.law of the wallSee wall function.Maxwell-Stefan equationsSet of equations that describe the diffusion of solutes and solvent in a concentrated solution. In such a solution, the solutes interact with each other and with the solvent.monolithic reactorCatalytic reactor made of one single piece of solid material. Incorporates a catalytic structure in its often porous structure.Navier-Stokes equationsEquations for the momentum balances coupled to the equation of continuity for a Newtonian incompressible fluid.Nernst-Planck equationEquation that describes the flux of an ion through diffusion, convection, and migration in an electric field. The equation is valid for diluted electrolytes.Newtonian flowFlow characterized by a constant viscosity or a viscosity that is independent of the shear rate in the fluid.physisorptionSee adsorption.Poiseuille’s lawEquation that relates the mass rate of flow in a tube as proportional to the pressure difference perunit length and to the fourth power of the tube radius. The law is valid for fully developed laminar flow.RANSReynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, which implies time averaging of the velocity fluctuations in turbulent flow. The Reynolds’ stresses obtained by this averaging have to be expressed with an additional set of equations. Turbulence models like the k-ε and k-ωmodels belong to this class. specific surface areaInternal surface area of a porous structure given in area per unit volume, which yields the unit one over unit length. Often used to characterize the structure of porous catalysts.streamline-diffusion stabilizationA numerical technique for stabilization of the numeric solution to a convection-dominated PDE by artificially adding diffusion in the direction of the streamlines.switch functionConditional function that gives a smooth onset of a variable, for example from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0. Often used for phase changes or saturation.wall functionSemi-empirical expression for the anisotropic flow close to a solid surface used in turbulence models. Often based on negligible variations in pressure gradient in the direction tangential to the surface.。
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化学英语证书考试（PEC）-天然药物化学专业词汇中药生药草药民族药地产药材道地药材中成药海洋生药学药用植物学植物化学植物化学分类学生药拉丁名学名来源混淆品类同品伪品代用品掺伪天然产物化学成分有效成分主成分活性成分莽草酸途径乙酸一丙二酸途径乙酸- 甲瓦龙酸途径单糖戊糖己精庚糖辛糖脱氧糖呋喃糖吡喃糖寡糖二糖三糖四糖五糖traditional Chinese drug crude drugmedicinal herbethnic drugnative drugfamous-region drugChinese patent medicine marine pharmacognosy medicinal botany phytochemistryplant chemotaxonomyLatin name of crude drug scientific namesourceadulterantallied drugcounterfeit drugsubstituteadulterationnatural productchemical constituent effective constituentmain constituentactive constituentshikimic acid pathway acetate-malonate pathway acetate-mevalonate pathway monosaccharidepentosehexoseheptoseoctosedeoxysaccharide, deoxysugar furanosepyranoseoligosaccharide disaccharidetrisaccharide tetrasaccharide pentosaccharide多糖淀粉菊糖黏液树胶果胶半纤维素纤维素甲壳质肝素硫酸软骨素玻璃酸直链淀粉支链淀粉糖原费林试验苷糖杂体苷元苦杏仁酶氰苷酚苷多酚醛苷醇苷吲哚苷树脂醇苷硫苷呫吨酮呫吨酮苷蒽醌蒽醌苷蒽酚氧化蒽酚蒽酮二蒽酮羟基蒽醌博恩特雷格反应黄酮类黄酮苷黄酮黄烷黄酮醇polysaccharidestarchinulinmucilagegumpectinhemicellulosecellulosechitinheparinchondroitin sulfatehyaluronic acidamyloseamylopectinglycogenFehling testglycosideheterosideaglyconeemulsincyanogenic glycoside, cyanogenetic glycosidephenolic glycosidepolyphenolaldehyde glycosidealcoholic glycosideindole glycosideresinol glycosidethioglycosidexanthonexanthonoid glycoside anthraquinoneanthraquinone glycosideanthranoloxanthranolanthronedianthronehydroxyanthraquinoneBorntrager reactionflavonoidflavonoid glycosideflavoneflavaneflavonol黄烷酮黄烷酮醇异黄酮异黄烷酮新黄酮类双黄酮查耳酮环菠萝烷达玛烷胡萝卜烷木栓烷原萜烷螺甾烷羊毛甾烷花色素花色苷原花色素白花色素白花色素苷多烯色素色烷色酮橙酮皂苷皂苷元原皂苷元甾体皂苷甾体皂苷元三萜皂苷三萜皂苷元溶血指数泡沫试验强心苷强心苷元强心甾海葱甾蟾蜍甾植物脱皮甾醇一级苷原始苷次级苷凯—凯反应凯达试验flavanoneflavanonolisoflavoneisoflavanoneneoflavonoidbiflavonechalconecycloartanedammaranedancanefriedelaneprotostanespirostanelanostaneanthocyanidinanthocyaninproanthocyanidinleucoanthocyanidinleucoanthocyaninpolyene pigmentchromanechromoneauronesaponinsapogeninprosapogeninsteroid saponinsteroid sapogenintriterpenoid saponintriterpenoid sapogeninhaemolytic indexfoam testcardiac glycosidecardiac aglyconecardenolidescillanolidebufanolidephytoecdysteroidprimary glycosideprimitive glycosidesecondary glycosideKeller-Kiliani reaction, K-K reactionKedde test莱加尔试验香豆素苷香豆素环烯醚萜苷环烯醚萜裂环烯醚苷裂环烯醚萜苷木脂体木脂内酯新木脂体木素萜萜类半萜单萜倍半萜二萜三萜四萜多萜齐墩果烷挥发油精油鞣质鞣酸可水解鞣质缩合鞣质鞣酐鞣花鞣质没食子鞣质生物碱碘化汞钾试剂碘化铋钾试剂碘化钾碘试剂硅钨酸试剂磷钼酸试剂苦味酸试剂矾酸铵一浓硫酸试液钼酸铵一浓硫酸试液甲醛一浓硫酸试液双缩脲反应脂肪Legal testcoumarin glycosidecoumariniridoid glycosideiridoidsecoiridoidsecoiridoid glycosidelignanlignanolideneolignanligninterpeneterpenoidhemiterpenemonoterpenesesquiterpenediterpenetriterpenetetraterpenepolyterpeneoleananevolatile oilessential oiltannintannic acidhydrolysable tannincondensed tanninphlobapheneellagitanningallotanninalkaloidMayer's reagentDragendorff's reagentWagner's reagentBertrand's reagent, silicotungstic acid reagentSonnenschein's reagent, phospho-molybdic acid reagentHager's reagent, picric acid reagentMandelin test solutionFrohde test solutionMarquis test solutionbiuret reaction脂肪油去油蜡饱和脂肪酸不饱和脂肪酸皂化酸败有机酸树脂油树脂树胶树脂香树脂香脂酸苷树脂苦味素色素微量元素吖啶生物碱阿朴啡类生物碱苄基异喹啉生物碱双苄基异喹啉生物碱双吲哚生物碱咪唑生物碱吲哚生物碱吲哚联啶生物碱吲哚烷胺生物碱异喹啉生物碱大环生物碱吗啡烷生物碱羟吲哚生物碱菲啶生物碱苯烷胺生物碱哌啶生物碱嘌呤生物碱吡啶生物碱吡咯生物碱吡咯联啶生物碱喹唑啉生物碱喹啉生物碱喹啉联啶生物碱甾体生物碱萜类生物碱四氢异喹啉生物碱莨菪烷fatfatty oilde-fattingwaxsaturated fatty acid unsaturated fatty acid saponificationrancidityorganic acidresinoleoresingum resinbalsambalsamic acidglycosidal resinbitter principlepigmenttrace elementacridine alkaloidaporphine alkaloid benzylisoquinoline alkaloid bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid bisindole alkaloidimidazole alkaloidindole alkaloidindolizidine alkaloid indolylalkylamine alkaloid isoquinoline alkaloid macrocyclic alkaloid morphinane alkaloidoxindole alkaloid phenanthridine alkaloid phenylalkylamine alkaloid piperidine alkaloidpurine alkaloidpyridine alkaloidpyrrolidine alkaloid pyrrolizidine alkaloid quinazoline alkaloidquinoline alkaloidquinolizidine alkaloidsteroid alkaloidterpenoid alkaloid tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid莨菪烷生物碱除虫菊素类tropanetropane alkaloid pyrethroid（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。