生药学专业英语-北京大学药学院天然药物学系
药学英语上册考点整理
Introduction1、Pharmacy:①药学；②药店。
Pharmacodynamics(药物效应学)Pharmacology(病理学)Pharmacokinetic (药物代谢动力学)<ADME>Pharmaceutics(药剂学)2、Plural forms-a(-ae) : mocosa →mucosae formula →formulae(处方)-um(-a) : bacterium →bacteria spectum →spectra(光谱)-us(-i) : fungus →fungi coccus →cocci(球菌)4、Cell : basic living unit of structures & functions of the body①general cell structures & components②general mechanisms for changing nutritions to energy③deliver end products into their surrounding fluid④almost all have the ability to reproduceNotes:(1)WEBSITES:CDA. FDA. WHO.(2)ADME:Absorbtio(吸收) →Distribution(分布) →Mechanism(代谢) →Excretion(排出)(3)formula prescription recipe 中药处方UNIT 1 TEXT A1、Physiology(生理学):Phisiology isa the functions of living matter.It is concerned with how an organisn performs its varied activities.Pathology（病理学）:Pathoology is the science of disease.Pathophysiology(病理生理学):Pathophysiology is the study of functional changes in the body which occur in response to disease or injury.2、人体组成分级、类别cells(细胞)→tissues(组织)→organs(器官)→organ systems(系统)→organism(人体)3、The principle types of tissuesepithecal(上皮组织) connective(结缔组织) nervous(神经组织) muscular(肌肉组织)4、Cardiovavascular system(心血管组织)①组成：1）the heart 心脏2）blood vessels 血管3）associated tissues 相关联的组织②心脏结构：four chambers,two atria(心房) and two venticles(心室).③血循环过程1）Pulmonary circuit(肺循环): The right ventricles pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it absorbs oxygen from the air.2）Systemtic circuit(体循环): The left ventricles pumps oxygenated blood returning from the lungs to the rest of body to supply the tissues.5、Anabolism(合成代谢)Catabolism(分解代谢)6、内分泌和神经系统特点和区别：1）The nervous system uses electrical signals to transmit information very rapidly to specific cells. 2）The endocrine system secretes chemical agents,homones,which travel in the bloodstream to the cells upon which theyexert a regulary effect.7、Homeostasis （稳态）：①定义：1)The process of stabilization of the internal environment/2)Maintanance of relatively constant chemical/physical conditions of the internal environment[stabl e≠rigidity]②作用：Homeostasis regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable,constant condition of properties like temperature or pH.8、How to regulate the internal environment(one example)P5[Taking one example,the beating``````]Notes:Body Fluids 体液Extracellular fluid (ECF) 细胞外液→internal environment（内环境）Intracellular fluid (ICF) 细胞内液UNIT 3 TEXT B1、Antibiotic: chemical produced by a microorganism that kills or inhibits the growth of another microorganism.分类：①(?) 1）Antibacterial antibiotics(抗菌抗生素) 2）Antineoplastic antibiotics(抗癌抗生素)②1）cell wall inhibitors2）protein synthesis inhibitors3）folic acid inhibitors4）DNA synthesis inhibitors5）RNA synthesis inhibitors2、cross-infection(交叉感染)Super-infection(双重感染)3、不良反应：1）anaphylactic shock(过敏性休克)2）gastrointestinal disorder 肠胃失调；sore mouth 口腔溃疡；cramps 痉挛；diarrhea 腹泻；anal itch 肛痒UNIT 4 TEXT B1、Adverse drug reactions(ADR):unwanted effects caused by normal therapeutic does.2、Type A 和Type B 的区别1）Type A:①a consequence of the drug’s main pharmacological effect/predictable from pharmacological(药理学的) effect;②dose-related and usually mild;③usually due to incorrect dosage.2）Type B:①not predictable from the drug’s main pharmacological action;②not dose-related and severe with considerable mortality(死亡率);③The underlying pathophysiology (潜在的病理)of type B reactions is poorly if at all understood,and often has a genetic or immunological (免疫学的)basis;④occur infrequently(罕见的).3、Type C、D、E的概念Type C ：continuous reactions due to long-term drug useType D ：delayed reactionsType E ：end-of-use reactions3、Phase I/II/III Trials①Early(phase I/II) tials are important for assessing the tolerability and dose-response relationship of new therapeutic agents.②Phase III clinical trials can establish the incidence of common adverse reactions and relate this to therapeutic benefit. UNIT 5 TEXT B1、Lead compounds(先导物)①定义②特点2、Strategies in the Search for New Lead Compounds①②③④UNIT 7 TEXT B1、Controlled-release Technology 控释技术分类：①biodegradable polymers(可生物降解的聚合物);②maze escape(迷宫逃脱);③transmucosal delivery(透膜传递系统);④osmotic devices(渗透装置);⑤liposomes(脂质体)2、Liposomes 脂质体P1003、脂质体被机体视为外来入侵物应如何解决？P101UNIT 8 TEXT A1、Analysis chemistry(分析化学) is concerned with the chemical characterization of matter and the answers to two important questions:what is it qualitative and how much is it quantative.2、Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses[pl]区别：①Qualitative analyses deal with the identification of elements(元素),ions(离子),or compounds(化合物) present ina sample;②Quantitative analses deal with the determonation of how much of one or more constituents(成分) is present.4、P110(In comparing qualitative versus quantitative analysis``````)介绍分析化学的应用：奥运会对违禁药品(bannedsubstances)的检验等UNIT 10 TEXT A1、USP(the United States Pharmacopoeia)美国药典内容: ①drugs; ②biologics; ③medical devices(医疗器械);④dietary supplements(补充剂);⑤compounded preparations(联合用药).UNIT 11 TEXT A1、P161 (The package insert,by legal definition``````)2、P162(American Academy of Pediatrics``````)Off-label useUNIT 12 TEXT A1、Drug development aims to produce a novel therapeutic agent which is superior in efficacy to existing remedies andwhich causes less frequent or less severe adverse effects.2、Drug development strategies①Random screening(随机筛选)②molecular roulette(分子轮盘赌);③Minor structural cahnges in existing agents(在已有药物上做小的改变)④Programmed basic research with synthesis of specific chemical(有计划地研究特定化合物合成)⑤Clinical observation of drug action in practice(临床实验观察药物作用)3、LD50 : the dose that kills 50% of animals(半数致死量)ED50: the dose causing 50% of maximum pharmacological response(半数有效量)治疗指数Therapeutic index(Ti) = LD50/ED504、三致反应：teratogenic effect 致畸mutagenicity 致突变carcinogenicity 致癌5、Enteral(经肠的) oral — swallowingThe route of administration intramuscular(IM) 肌肉注射Parenteral（非经肠的）subcutaneous(SC) 皮下注射Intravenous(IV) 静脉注射Intraperitoneal(IP) 腹腔注射6、Experimental pharmacology(实验期药理学)mouse（小鼠）→rat（大鼠）→hare（兔子）→dog →monkeyTEXT B1、Clinical EvaluationPhase 1 : determine whether the drug can be given to man without serious symptoms or toxicity, and whether it has the desired(强烈的) pharmacological effects.Phase 2 : determine whether the new drug has the desired effect on patients with the appropriate disease.Phase 3 : progression to large scale clinical trials to determine how the new drug compares in clinical practice with existing remedies,and to establish its profile of action and frequency of adverse effects.Phase 4 : collect the information on low-frequency adverse effects.UNIT 14 TAXT A1、A good number of products found in the grocery or drug store are regulated by the FDA.(①food;②drugs;③cosmetics;④the use of radiological products;⑤all of these products are honestly and informatively labeled.)2、FDA’s goal is to ensure industry’s compliance with federal laws regulating products in commerce.UNIT 14 TAXT B1、FDA审评新药的根本原则：the benefits outweigh the risks(收益风险比)2、1938年法案：Providing evidence of safety before marketing was first required.(第一次规范性规定安全性证明)1962年法案：It was first required to show a drug’s effectiveness before marketing.(反应停事件为背景，药物上市前的有效性提出法案)2、新药研发Lead conpound →NCEs →animals →clinical trials →NDA新药申请：IND(investigational new drug application): before the clinical trialsNDA(new drug applications): after the phase III for marketing3、Review Time: always longer than 180 workdays.Average approval time is more like 2 years.4、Why the reviewer purge trade secrets from documents requested under the Freedom of Information Act?5、Priorities1)AIDS drugs; 2) drugs that offer a significant medical advance over existing therapies for any other disease.6、be approved for marketingFinal Actions: be approvable provided minor changes are madeBe not approvable because of major problemsIn the last case, the applicant can then amend or withdraw the NDA or ask for a hearing.7、”grandfathered”:most prescription and over-the-counter(OTC) drugs that were on the market before the Federal Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act passed in 1938.That means they are allowed on the market without the stringent proof of safety and effectiveness required of later drugs.。
天然药物化学北京大学教学大纲
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医学ppt
第十章 甾体及其甙类
1、什么是甾体及其甙类？ 2、甾体的分类 3、C21甾类化合物及其药理和毒理
性能； 4、强心甙及其药理和毒理性能； 5、甾体皂甙及其药理和毒理性能；
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医学ppt
天然存在的甾类成分 种类很多，结构中都具有 环戊烷并多氢菲的甾核。
C21甾类化合物是一类含 有21个碳原子的甾体衍生 物。如青阳参甙Ⅰ和甙Ⅱ 可治疗癫痫
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医学ppt
挥发油是一类生物活性多样的成分。 例如，柴胡挥发油有较好的退热效果；薄 荷油有清凉、驱风、消炎、局麻作用；丁 香油和麝香草脑配伍已是龋齿及根管消毒、 止痛的常规用药；大蒜油可治疗肺结核、 支气管炎、肺炎和霉菌感染；生姜油对中 枢神经系统有镇静催眠、解热、镇痛、抗 惊厥、抗氧化能力和保护肝细胞的作用等。 此外挥发油在香料工业、食品工业和化学 工业上也是很重要的原料。
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医学ppt
15
医学ppt
除以上类型之外，还有由两分子 黄酮，或两分子二氢黄酮；一分子黄 酮及一分子二氢黄酮按C-C或C-O-C键 方式连接而成的双黄酮类化合物。例 如银杏素、异银杏素等。
在以上各类型结构中，A、B环上 常见的取代基有羟基，甲氧基、异戊 烯基等。
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医学ppt
第五章 醌类化合物
天然药物化学
Natural Medicochemistry
本学科授课对象是研究生，授课时间为一 学期，十八周，每周2学时，共36学时，2学 分。
主要教材：杨其蒀主编，《天然药物化 学》，中国科学技术出版社，1996年。
主要参考书：
1、肖崇厚主编，《中药化学》，上海科学技 术出版社， 第一版，1997年。
醌类化合物可以分为苯醌、萘 醌和蒽醌等类型
北大医学部药学院课程使用教材和参考书大全
高等教育出版社
更多参考请见： /coursestatic/cou rse_6311.html 有机药物合成法（第一卷） 陈芬儿 北京大学医学出版社 Practical Studies for Medicinal Chemistry 计算机辅助药物分子设计
中国医药科技出版社
教材/讲义 书名
《化学原理和无机化学》 王夔 无 《大学基础化学》 《大学基础化学》 《有机化学》第7版 《现代实验化学》 《有机化学》第8版 《现代实验化学》 无 药用植物学 无 药用拉丁文 药用植物资源研 究室 许金煌 刘艳 艾铁民 杨晓达 杨晓达 陆涛 刘俊义，曾慧慧 陆阳，刘俊义 刘俊义，曾慧慧
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物理化学实验
现代实验化学
刘俊仪/曾慧慧
42
药学综合性实验*
药学综合性实验讲义
其他类课程使用教材及参考书
教材/讲义 序号 课程名称 书名
1 2 3 4 5 生理学 病理生理学 细胞生物学 生物化学 医学免疫学 《医学生理学》 病理生理学（第2版） 无 生物化学与分子生物学 医学免疫学 医学微生物学 6 医学微生物学 医学微生物学实验讲义 7 8 9 查锡良、药立波 曹雪涛 张凤民、肖纯凌 曹杰、李彤、彭 宜红
Edmond de Hoffmann and Vincent Stroobant Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Thomas L Lemke and David Chemistry A Williams Wilson and Gisvold's Textbook of John H. Block, John M. Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Beale, Jr. An Introduction to Medicinal Graham L. Patrick Chemistry The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design Richard B Silverman and and Drug Action Mark W Holladay The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry 药物化学总论 药物化学专论 药物化学 Camille Georges Wermuth 郭宗儒 郭宗儒 尤启冬
药学专业英语PPTPPT课件
taking notes on important points and technical terms to aid in comprehension and review.
Classification and characteristics of pharmaceutical English literature
Writing
Writing skills for pharmaceutical English papers
Use appropriate language
Pharmaceutical English is a formal language, so it is important to use appropriate vocabulary and sentence structure. Avoid colloquial language or jargon that may be misinterpreted.
committing to a regular schedule of reading to improve your comprehension and familiarity with pharmaceutical English.
Active review
actively reviewing and summarizing the content you have read to ensure comprehension and retention.
Organize information logically
The structure of the paper should be clear and logical, with a well-defined introduction, methods, results, and conclusion. Each section should flow naturally and build upon the previous one.
药学专业介绍(5篇)
药学专业介绍（5篇）毕业论文的写作格式、流程与写作技巧广义来说，凡属论述科学技术内容的作品，都称作科学著述，如原始论著（论文）、简报、综合报告、进展报告、文献综述、述评、专著、汇编、教科书和科普读物等。
但其中只有原始论著及其简报是原始的、主要的、第一性的、涉及到创造发明等知识产权的。
其它的当然也很重要，但都是加工的、发展的、为特定应用目的'和对象而撰写的。
下面仅就论文的撰写谈一些体会。
在讨论论文写作时也不准备谈有关稿件撰写的各种规定及细则。
主要谈的是论文写作中容易发生的问题和经验，是论文写作道德和书写内容的规范问题。
论文写作的要求下面按论文的结构顺序依次叙述。
（一）题目科学论文都有题目，不能“无题”。
论文题目一般20字左右。
题目大小应与内容符合，尽量不设副题，不用第1报、第2报之类。
论文题目都用直叙口气，不用惊叹号或问号，也不能将科学论文题目写成广告语或新闻报道用语。
（二）署名（三）引言是论文引人入胜之言，很重要，要写好。
一段好的论文引言常能使读者明白你这份工作的发展历程和在这一研究方向中的位置。
要写出论文立题依据、基础、背景、研究目的。
要复习必要的文献、写明问题的发展。
文字要简练。
（四）材料和方法按规定如实写出实验对象、器材、动物和试剂及其规格，写出实验方法、指标、判断标准等，写出实验设计、分组、统计方法等。
这些按杂志对论文投稿规定办即可。
（五）实验结果应高度归纳，精心分析，合乎逻辑地铺述。
应该去粗取精，去伪存真，但不能因不符合自己的意图而主观取舍，更不能弄虚作假。
只有在技术不熟练或仪器不稳定时期所得的数据、在技术故障或操作错误时所得的数据和不符合实验条件时所得的数据才能废弃不用。
而且必须在发现问题当时就在原始记录上注明原因，不能在总结处理时因不合常态而任意剔除。
废弃这类数据时应将在同样条件下、同一时期的实验数据一并废弃，不能只废弃不合己意者。
实验结果的整理应紧扣主题，删繁就简，有些数据不一定适合于这一篇论文，可留作它用，不要硬行拼凑到一篇论文中。
（仅供参考）药学英语整理
（仅供参考）药学英语整理药学英语一、Physiology and Pathology（P9）生理学与病理学（一）概念1、Physiology is the scientific study of function in living systems.（ppt）the study of how living organisms work.(书里)2、Pathology is a significant component of the causal study of disease and a major field in modern medical practice and diagnosis.(ppt)the science of disease,which deal with the studies of etiology, pathogenesis, morphologic structures, changes in functions and metabolism in the living organisms by means of natural science.(书里) 3、Pathophysiology is the study of functional changes in the body which occur in response to disease or injury.a convergence of Pathology with Physiology4、etiology is the study of causation,or the origination of diseases.5、the pathogenesis of a disease is the mechanism that causes the disease.6、inflammation is a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; (刺激）characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat. （红热胀痛）(二)思考题1.How do you understand pathology and pathophysiology?Pathology is the science of diseasePathophysiology is the study of functional changes in the body which occur in response to disease or injury.2. what is the difference between etiology and pathogenesis?Etiology is the study of causation, or the origination ofdiseases.the pathogenesis of a disease is the mechanism that causes the disease 3. Could you explain the symptoms and signs of a disease?symptoms of a disease(“症”): as certain biologic proce sses are encroached on(侵害) ,the patient begins to feel subjectively that something is wrong., These subjective feelings are called symptoms of disease.Symptoms are subjective and can be reported only by the patient to an observer.signs of a disease（“征”）：when manifestations of the disease can be objectively identified by an observer, these are terms signs of the disease.4、what is the pathogenesis of tuberculosis?the pathogenesis of tuberculosis would include the mechanisms whereby the invasion of the body by tubercle bacillus ultimately leads to the observed abnormalities Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms.二、Medicinal Chemistry药物化学(一)概念1、Medicinal chemistry(药物化学)is the science that deal with the discovery or design of new therapeutic chemicals and the development of these chemicals into useful medicine.2、Medicine（药品drug, pharmaceutics) is a compound that interacts with a biological system, and produces a biological response (ideally desired and positive)3、Therapeutic index（治疗指数）sure of the ratio of undesirable to desirable drug effects. Therapeutic index=LD50/ED50The larger the Therapeutic index, the greater the margin of safety of drug!4、LD50（半数致死量）:the lethal dose for 50% of the test animals5、ED50（半数有效量）:the effective dose that produces the maximum therapeutic effect in 50% of the test animals.6、Log P（脂水分配系数）is the base-ten logarithm of the partition coefficients (分配系数)7、Chirality（手征性）: a molecule is considered chiral if there exists another molecule that is of identical composition ,but which is arranged in a non-superposable mirror image.8、Bioisosteres(生物电子等排体): are substituents or groups that havechemical or physical similarities ,and which produce broadly similar biological properties.9、Bioisosterism(生物电子等排性) is a lead modification approach that has been shown to be useful to attenuate toxicity （降低毒性）,modify the activity of a lead （修饰活性）and may have a significant role in the alteration of metabolism of the lead.10、Prodrug（前药）is drug which is given (taken) in an inactive form. Once administered ,the prodrug is metabolized by the body into the biologically active compound.（二）知识点1、The difference of “good” and “bad” drugs:Depend on dosage and chronic exposure. and therapeutic index can be the measure of safety of drugs2、classification of drugsFour main groups:（1）B y biological effect---varied assortment of drugsanalgesics（止痛剂）,anti-asthmatics（平喘药）,antipsychotics（抗精神病药）etc.（2）B y chemical structure---common skeletonPenicillin （青霉素类）,opiates(阿片类药物) etc.（3）B y target system（靶向系统）----affect a target system(synthesis, release, receptor)antihistamine (抗组胺药)etc.（4）B y target site of action(作用靶点)—target enzyme or receptor Anti-cholinesterase (抗胆碱酯酶)3、Medicinal chemistry involves:(1)synthesis (2)structure-activity relationships(SAR)(3)receptor interactions(4)absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME)4、Medicinal chemistry cover 3 critical steps:● A discovery step●An optimization step● A development step5、important functional groups on drugs:(1)Alkanes&alkenes(烷烃和烯烃) (2)alcohol 醇（3）phenols 酚（4）ethers 醚（5）aromatic hydrocarbons 芳香化合物6、a drug usually has 3 names:（1）chemical (化学名)Mostly following rules by chemical abstracts service(CAS)One compound can only have one name（2）international non-proprietary names(INN,通用名)Convenient to remember ,needed when apply for registration, cannot be trade marked（商标）or patented(取得专利权)One compound can only have one name（3）commercial (商品名)Named by manufactures ,can be trade marked to protect thebrand. One compound can have many different names7、prodrug strategies are used to overcome a variety of problems by:(1)Altering solubility 改变溶解度(2)Improving membrane permeability 提高细胞膜通透性(3)Slow release of the active agent 缓慢释放活性(4)Masking drug toxicity or side effects 掩蔽药物毒副作用三、Phytochemistry and Natural Products 天然药物化学和天然产物(一)概念1、Phytochemistry（天然药物化学）is in the strict sense of the study of phytochemicals, which are derived from plants. In a narrower sense the terms are often used to describe the large number of secondary metabolic compounds found in plants.2、Primary metabolites(初级代谢产物): compounds that are common to many types of organisms, that fulfill basic biological functions(e.g.respiration 呼吸,photosynthesis光合作用,DNA replication ＤＮＡ复制)3、Secondary metabolites（次级代谢产物）：compounds that are not essential to daily ,common metabolism of cells and individual organisms. Instead, these compounds are unique to certain taxa and fulfill secondary functions ,often involved in signaling between organisms (e.g.mate recognition配偶识别, chemical defense化学防御, chemotaxis 趋化作用)4、natural products: a natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism found in nature.（Primary metabolites & Secondary metabolites）（二）知识点1、summary:●natural products are compounds synthesized by living organisms,usually organic molecules with 5-100 carbons●natural products can be primary or secondary metabolites●secondary metabolites are produced via enzymatic pathways fromprimary metabolic building-blocks2、how to get natural products?/the process to purify natural products?(1)Plant collection植物采集(2)Extraction萃取(3)Fractionation分馏(4)Isolation分离(5)Structural determination 结构测定（UV，IR，MS,NMR）3、Journals in Phytochemistry and Natural Products Chemistry:●Journal of Natural Products 天然产物杂志●Phytochemistry●Journal of Ethnopharmacology 民族药物学杂志●Planta Medica 天然药物学会志（欧洲）●Phytochemical Analysis 植物化学分析●Chemical &Pharmaceutical Bulletin 化学与药学通报（日本）Review journals 综述期刊●Natural P roduct Reports 天然产物报告●Phytochemistry Review四、biochemistry 生物化学1、What is the goal of biochemistry？The basic goal of the science of biochemistry is to determine how the collections of inanimate molecules （无生命的分子）that constitute living organisms interact with each other to maintainand perpetuate life.（延长生命）2、Macromolecules（生物大分子）that constitute living organisms include proteins, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), and polysaccharides.3、20种氨基酸：1、丙氨酸Alanine/Ala/A2、半胱氨酸Cysteine/Cys/C3、天冬氨酸Asparticacid/ Asp /D4、谷氨酸Glutamic acid/Glu/E5、苯基丙氨酸Phenylalanine/Phe/F6、甘氨酸glycine/Gly/G7、组氨酸Histidine/His/H 8、异亮氨酸Isoleucine/Ile/I9、赖氨酸Lysine/Lys/K 10、亮氨酸Leucine/leu/L11、蛋氨酸Methionine/Met/M 12、天冬酰胺Asparagine/Asn/N 13、脯氨酸Procine/pro/P 14、谷氨酰胺Glutamine/Gln/Q 15、精氨酸Arginine/Arg/R 16、丝氨酸Serine/Ser/S17、苏氨酸Threonine/Thr/T 18、缬氨酸Valine/Val/V19、色氨酸Tryptophan/Try/W 20、酪氨酸Tyrosine/Tyr/Y五、Microbiology 微生物学1、Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa,virus and some types of algae, which encompass various sub-disciplines including virology, mycology, parasitology, bacteriology, and other branches.2、几位科学家的成就Bacteriology was found in the 19th century by Ferdinand CohnCohn was also the first to formulate the scheme for the taxonomic classification of bacterial and discover spores 费迪南德?科恩, Ferdinand Cohn德国博物学家和植物学家，以研究藻类、细菌和蕈类著称，被视为细菌学的创始者之一。
药学专业英语-PPT
Context Set
I have sore throat, but I know chinese little.
we have to master necessary professional pharmacy English so that we can work better in tWhehefuntuyroeu encounter
Conclusion:
Microorganisms are not spontaneously generated from inanimate matter, but are produced by other microorganisms
Robert Kock (1843 – 1910)
The recognition of microbial role in disease
•Small volume and big surface to volume ratio
Different length and different surface to volume ratio
Small and simple
可见范围 肉眼
光学显微镜 电镜
微生物的相对大小 真核细胞型 原核细胞型
Prokaryotic genetic material is located in an area called the nucleoid and is not enclosed by a membrane.
The prokaryotic cell wall almost always has peptidoglycan （肽聚糖）and is chemically and morphologically （形态的）complex.
北大医学部考研复试班-北京大学医学部药剂学考研复试经验分享
北大医学部考研复试班-北京大学医学部药剂学考研复试经验分享北京大学医学部(简称“北医”)地处北京市海淀区中关村科技园区，是中国政府创办的第一所西医院校，具有百年历史，集教学、科研、医疗为一体，学科覆盖医学门类中的基础医学、临床医学、口腔医学、药学、公共卫生和预防医学、护理学、医学技术、中西医结合以及理学、工学、教育学、哲学、文学等门类的部分学科。
教学贯穿了本科、研究生及继续教育全过程。
现有64个博士学位授权点，70个硕士学位授权点，8个博士后流动站。
北医是国家“211工程”首批建设的高等学校之一。
北医设有6个学院(部)：基础医学院、药学院、公共卫生学院、护理学院、公共教学部(医学人文研究院)、医学继续教育学院，6家直属附属医院、4家共建附属医院和14家教学医院，承担临床医学的教学、实习任务和向社会提供医疗保健服务。
北医共有全日制在校学生9081人，其中博士生2316人、硕士生2581人、本科生3796人(含台港澳侨学生169人)，留学生388人;非全日制学生中，成人教育学生1467人，网络教育学生18917人。
另外，博士后在站人数159人，2017年累计出站693人。
启道考研复试班根据历年辅导经验，编辑整理以下关于考研复试相关内容，希望能对广大复试学子有所帮助，提前预祝大家复试金榜题名！学院信息药学院由六系(化学生物学系，药物化学系，天然药物学系，药剂学系，分子与细胞药理学系，药事管理与临床药学系)、一室(天然药物及仿生药物国家重点实验室)、一所(应用药物研究所)、一中心(药学实验教学中心)组成。
下设四个委员会：教学委员会、学术委员会、药物研究与开发委员会、对外合作交流委员会。
现有三个国家重点学科即药物化学、生药学及药理学科，药学学科于2007年被认定为国家一级重点学科，在教育部2012年学科评估中排名全国第一，于2017年入选教育部双一流建设学科，2017年QS全球药学学科排名第24位。
专业介绍方剂调配和制剂制备合称为药剂学。
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课程编号：开课单位：药学院天然药物学系
生药学专业英语
Advanced English for Pharmacognosy
学分：1学分学时：20学时考核方式：进展报告教学方式：授课、讨论主讲教师：叶敏课程类型：A 授课对象：生药学专业博士研究生、硕士研究生；药物分析、临床药学等专业的研究生。
开设目的：通过学习生药学领域的各类英语知识，提高研究生的专业英语技能，使研究生较熟练地掌握科研论文、药典、药品
说明书等本专业英文资料的阅读，特别是掌握一定的科研
论文的写作技巧，以辅助本专业的科学研究。
同时，培养
研究生的对本专业知识的口语表达能力。
教学要求：掌握阅读和翻译本专业英文资料的技能；掌握一定的英文科技论文写作技巧。
预修知识：天然药物化学，生药学，研究生公共英语。
主要内容：
一、科研论文写作（9学时）
●总体介绍本专业科研论文的形式。
●详细介绍科研论文的语法规则。
包括用词的选择，句法的顺序及段落的安排。
●总体介绍科研论文构思—撰写—修改的过程。
●介绍科研论文的投稿方法。
包括如何提交稿件，如何应对论文的修回及接收。
二、科研文献阅读和翻译（2学时）
●简单介绍科研文献的检索方法及本专业的学术期刊。
●以2-3篇文献为例，详细讲解科研文献的泛读、精读及翻译方法。
三、药典解读（2学时）
●总体介绍中药及中药提取物在各国药典中被收录的情况。
●详细讲解美国药典及欧洲药典相关条目的阅读、翻译、查询和引用。
四、药品说明书解读（1学时）
●详细讲解英文药品说明书的形式及构成。
五、专业英语口语（4学时）
●组织研究生以演讲和学术报告的形式进行英语会话。
六、专业英语词汇（2学时）
●详细讲解常见天然有机化合物类型以及常见化合物的英文词汇。
●介绍常见生药的英文名称，常见药用植物科属的拉丁文名称。
●介绍本专业英语中常用的英文缩写和拉丁文词组。
思考题：
1.如何撰写一篇英文论文？应该分为哪几个部分，按照怎样的次序撰写？
2.科研论文的用词、句法有哪些基本原则？
3.如何利用美国《化学文摘》搜索科研课题相关的最新文献？
4.美国药典、欧洲药典及中国药典对中药提取物的收录有何异同？
5.在中医药相关知识的英汉互译中应注意哪些问题？
教材：暂无，以教师课堂讲义为主。
目前国内尚无适合研究生使用的同类教材。
参考文献及书目：
1.学术期刊：本专业最新的英文文献。
2.药典：中国药典，美国药典及欧洲药典。
相关网站：暂无。