西安建筑科技大学考试试卷标准答案(共6页)A卷评卷人填
西安建筑科技大学考试试卷(共10页).
西安建筑科技大学考试试卷（共10页）2005级大学英语一级期末测试题College English （Band One）答题纸 A 卷注意事项：1. 考试时间为2个小时。
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6. 请将接收机调至FM86.1.年级院系专业班级姓名 _ __学号：□□□□□□□□□Part I Section B Compound Dictation (10%)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7.8. .9. .10. . Part IV Word Choices (10%)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.Part V Translation (15 points)1.____________________________________________________________________________2.____________________________________________________________________________3.____________________________________________________________________________4.____________________________________________________________________________5.____________________________________________________________________________2005级大学英语一级期末测试题College English （Band One）年级院系专业班级姓名 _ __学号：□□□□□□□□□Part I Listening Comprehension (20%)Section A (10%)Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and-decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) Britain.B) Japan.C) China.D) America.2. A) 6.B) 13.C) 14.D) 16.3. A) 2.B) 3.C) 4.D) 5.4. A) She likes it.B) It's too hot.C) It's too cold.D) She dislikes it.5. A) $13.B) $39.C) $20.D) $21.6. A) The woman has no dictionary.B) The woman is using her dictionary.C) The man can get one from her desk.D) The man can't use her dictionary.7. A) 7:30.B) 7:20.C) 6:45.D) 7:00.8. A) In his bag.B) In his office.C) He has no radio.D) At his home.9. A) At the bank.B) In the shop.C) At the post office.D) At the railway station.10. A) Drink.B) Meal.C) Weather.D) Fruit.Section B Compound Dictation (10%)Directions: In this section you will hear a passage of about 90 words three times. The passage is printed on your Answer Sheet with about 30 words missing. First, you will hear the whole passage from the beginning to the end just to get a general idea of it. Then, in the second reading, you will hear a signal indicating the beginning of a pause after each sentence, sometimes two sentences or just part of a sentence. During the pause, you must write down the missing words you have just heard in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. There is also a different signal indicating the end of the pause. When you hear this signal, you must get ready for what comes next from the recording. You can check what you have written when the passage is read to you once again without the pauses.If you are in a hurry and you want to (1) there is no better place than a (2) restaurant. You (3) the restaurant, pick up a tray, knife, fork, and spoon and queue (4) where the food is on display. You pick out (5) and put it on your tray, which you have to (6) a special rack till you reach the cashier.The cashier will (7) . After paying, you take your tray to any table you like. You can (8) or with another customer. You can have a good meal (9) . And - as there is no waiter you don't (10) .Part II Reading Passages (40%)Section A Fast Reading (Reading Time: 8 1/2 minutes) (10%)Marriage and RomanceIf you are asked, “Why do people marry?” you may answer in anger or surprise. The question seems silly because it is only too natural for people to get married. Divorce, that is, when people end their marriage, on the other hand, is something that should be given serious attention. Yet marriage goes before it as a rule.Why do people marry? People divorce often, as can be seen by the rising divorce rate in the U.S. and elsewhere. But they remarry soon enough after they divorce. Now many of them divorce at a much a younger age than before. It is also found that the young have a big share of divorce. But what many sociologists find difficult to understand is that they seem to be more eager to rush into marriage than get out of it.In the old days there was every reason to marry young—especially among the working class. In Chinese communities, unmarried men and women seemed to be disadvantaged in many ways.Women were in a more difficult position than men since in earlier times, girls were not allowed to be educated. They also did not enjoy social freedom. In the past, women who were not “married off” before they turned 30 were considered to be a problem or a worry for the family. They might have to remain with their families as they could not find jobs, and thus were unable to support themselves. For men, they often led an unpleasant or uncomfortable life as they did not have a wife to do the sewing, cooking, cleaning and taking care of the husband and children. In those days, the family was the cornerstone of society. Both sexes needed marriage for more than now.Is marriage something that people cannot do without? It could be a convenience which people seek. For this reason we find people marrying more than ever and earlier. But is it just convenience that people are after? Why do we find people marrying more than ever and earlier? Why are the young falling so much in love? Why do they show so much attention to each other before marriage? Has the desire for love become so important that people have to marry earlier?Many sociologists believe that the material conveniences that are provided by modern appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines reduce the usefulness of marriage. But such conveniences have also weakened the bonds of family life. Though we seem to be meeting more people, our relationships are few. We are close to crowds but we feel more alone than before. One feels lonely in the midst of crowds. It is just like being at a party where, when left alone, one would feel some sort of emptiness. All of a sudden, one is living in a world one does not understand. Thus one feels the need for somebody that one can be close to! Then one can share body and soul.So this is the promise of marriage. Movies, songs, romance and TV all show a “normal”person must love and therefore marry. As it is, love and marriage are closely connected with each other. The desire for love makes people eager to get married.In the family, children are told that “Love and marriage go together like a horse and carriage.”. They feel that it is only too natural to get married. But alas, nothing could be less so. Love has delighted and worried us. In real life, love and marriage may not go together. Love can be described as a restless horse which would run away, refusing to be put under control. In the end it overturns the carriage. When love runs away the result is a failed marriage. But did it ever occur to us that we can and should keep the horse under control? Once we are in charge of love, it can be with us for the rest of our lives.11. In the old days, it was found that .A) people tended to get married at an early ageB) unmarried people were often better educatedC) working class people enjoyed family life moreD) women were more anxious to get into marriage12. Chinese women who remained unmarried over 30 in the old days .A) became a problem for their familiesB) lived an unpleasant and uncomfortable lifeC) could enjoy more social freedomD) had to do some sewing and cooking for a living13. The material conveniences in modern society are said to .A) weaken the relationships between family membersB) make people feel more lonely in a crowdC) make people think it’s more useful to get marriedD) make family life more convenient but less interesting14. According to the passage, what people are now seeking for in marriages is .A) mutual understandingB) material conveniencesC) the sharing of body and soulD) a companion to kill one’s loneliness15. When people refer to love and marriage as the relationship between horse and carriage, they mean that .A) marriage and divorces are naturalB) love and marriage go togetherC) we have to put love under control before marriageD) when marriage runs away like a horse, love failsSection B Careful Reading (30%)Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:No one knows who made the first ice cream. Some people think that water ices and milk ices may have been made by the Chinese between three thousand and four thousand years ago. In time, the dish reached India. The Indians, in turn, may have passed on the secret to the Arabs and the Persians. The Persians called their dish sharbat, from which our word sherbet comes.Marco Polo, and Italian who traveled widely in the thirteenth century, noted that he found the Chinese had long been making ices out of fruit juices and milk. From the fourteenth century on, ices became popular, first in Venice and then throughout Italy.In 1533, when Catherine de Medicis left Italy to marry the future King Henry II of France, she took her cooks with her. They made desserts the French had never tasted before. Among them was “ice cream”. For each day of the wedding festivities Catherine’s cooks prepared a different flavor of her favorite dessert—“ice cream”.At first ice cream was a luxury in France. Only rich people had the money to buy it. Then, in 1660, a young man from Sicily, Francisco Procopio, arrived in Paris. He opened a shop that sold ice cream at prices people could afford. Procopio’s “ice cream parlor”became so popular that other shops were opened.About 1640, King Charles I introduced ice cream to England. He had heard it was the rage in Italy and France. He served ice cream for dessert at a banquet. The surprise dish was a great success. The king ordered his cook to keep the recipe for ice cream a secret. Charles felt that only royalty should serve the dessert. But the secret soon leaked out. Ice cream quickly became the rage in England too.16. This passage is mainly about .A) Marco Polo’s travelB) one of Chinese inventionsC) Catherine’s marriageD) the history of ice cream17. Marco Polo’s remark shows that he traveled in .A) ChinaB) IndiaC) PersiaD) Italy18. Ice cream was unknown in France until .A) 1533B) 1660C) 1640D) 177419. Ice cream was introduced to England by .A) Catherine de MedicisB) Francisco ProcopioC) Charles ID) Marco Polo20. What will be probably discussed in the paragraphs following this passage ?A) Marco Polo’s travel in the world.B) Development of ice cream in France.C) Development of ice cream in England.D) Development of ice cream in America or other countries.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:No one knows why we sleep, but it is certain that we need to. People who are prevented from sleeping begin to suffer obvious effect after a few days—they think less clearly, and they fall asleep during the working hours. Some may begin to imagine things.There are no rules about sleep. Generally speaking, grown-ups sleep about seven and a half hours each night and probably more than 60 percent get between seven and eight hours. But perhaps eight percent are quite happy with 5 hours or less, and four percent or so find they want ten hours or more. If you feel all right, you are probably getting enough sleep. The important thing is not to worry how much others people get—their needs may be different. Exercise does not seem to increase the need for sleep; office workers, for example, sleep for about as long as people doing physically active work.Children sleep more than grown-ups—perhaps fourteen to eighteen hours soon after birth, going down to grown-up levels by early teen-age. Sleep patterns also tend to be different in the elderly, who may sleep less at night than they did when younger. They find sleep getting more broken, and often make it a rule to sleep during the daytime.21. According to the passage, some people are unable to think clearly because _ .A) they have imaginationB) they feel sleep during the working hoursC) they do not have enough sleepD) they are certain to be kept from going to bed22. Which of the following is TRUE?A) All grown-ups must have at least eight-hour sleep.B) Most of the grown-ups sleep for seven or eight hours.C) Quite a few people need only five hours or less for them to sleep.D) No grown-ups sleep more than ten hours.23. Whether you have got enough sleep is judged by .A) how many hours you have slept.B) how many hours you need to sleep.C) whether you did exercise and physical work.D) whether you feel fresh and energetic.24. According to the passage, a boy of fourteen years old sleeps .A) as many hours as a grown-upB) much more hours than a grown-upC) for fourteen hours each nightD) for less than eight hours per night25. Which of the following is TRUE when the elderly find sleep getting more broken?A) They usually sleep during the daytime.B) They just ignore it.C) They talk about it to their friends.D) They are always complaining about it.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:A moment’s drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset. Many of us cannot stand pain. To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two, we demand the “needle”—a shot of novocaine —that deadens the nerves around the tooth.Now it’s true that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nerves—and our brain, which is a bundle of nerves—we wouldn’t know what’s happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If the dentist says, “This will hurt a little,” it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation, we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.26. The purpose of this passage is mainly to tell us _ _.A)that pain is good for usB)to stop talking the “needle” at the dentist’sC) how to handle painD) how to avoid torture27. The result of pain is to __ .A) let us know what’s going onB) make us open to tortureC) make us pay for our sensitivityD) help us get more sensations28. The most important thing in handling pain is to __ .A) do what the Indian fakirs doB) welcome itC) know about it in advanceD) treat it as an interesting sensation29. The word “withstanding” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by_ .A) havingB) handlingC) acceptingD) sensing30. The sentence “we pay for our sensitivity” in paragraph 2 most probably means __.A) we suffer because of being sensitiveB) our sensitivity costs us a great dealC) we have to pay the dentist for his making us sensitive to painD) we are lucky to have developed our sensesPart III Vocabulary and Structure （15%）Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes thesentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.31. At first, the professor said something about the problem of pollution in big cities but halfwayin his speech, he suddenly __________ to another subject.A) switched C) transmittedB) challenged D) transformed32. Everything at the party __________ careful planning.A) knew of C) heard ofB) thought of D) spoke of33. No one can function properly if they are _________ adequate sleep.A) done away with C) deprived ofB) deprived D) idled away34. The newcomers found it impossible to __________ themselves to the climate sufficiently tomake permanent homes in the new country.A) suit C) regulateB) adapt D) coordinate35. We feel it our duty to remind you that you should do your utmost to meet the _________ forpayment.A) schedule C) curiosityB) assignment D) deadline36. I could not persuade him to accept it，_______ make him see the importance of it.A) no more than I could C) if only I could notB) nor could I D) or I could not37. I ran _______ an old friend of mine in the library.A) down C) throughB) into D) over38. The great value of school educati on lies not _________ in teaching you what you don’t knowas in teaching you the way of learning.A) the same as C) so muchB) so many D) as39. High IQ students are usually those who are very good at making use of their time to the fullest_________.A) level C) expandB) expense D) extent40. By the end of last month, our factory _________ 30,000 motors.A) produced C) was producingB) was produced D) had produced41. John was late this morning. He must _______ too much time watching TV last night.A) have spent C) have takenB) spend D) take42. He accepted his doctor’s advice and _________ smoking two years ago.A) gave off C) gave inB) gave away D) gave up43. Your advice that she ________ till next week is reasonable.A) will wait C) waitsB) is going to waiting D) wait44. Problems like this _________ every day in our university.A) arise C) riseB) arouse D) raise45. I took _________ of the opportunity to tell him that I should be given a rise in pay.A) benefit C) advantageB) profit D) care46. The reporter claimed that the information came from a ________ source.A) sure C) believableB) confident D) reliable47. Tired _________ she was, I had to disturb her.A) so C) asB) although D) while48. ________ repaired, the walkman worked very well.A) Have C) Having beenB) Having D) Have been49. It is absolutely necessary that he _______ in hospital for another week.A) will stay C) stayB) stays D) would stay50. ________ he graduated from the university did he begin to think of his future.A) Until C) Until notB) Not until D) When51. The scientist_________ the discovery as the most exciting development in this field.A) referred in C) referred asB) referred of D) referred to52. It is necessary to _________ systems that have been out of date.A) do with C) do away withB) do for D) do53. Although she is an amateur (业余的) singer, she can sing as well as a _________trained one.A) occasionally C) professionallyB) painfully D) plentifully54. Bill did not hear the telephone because he was completely _________ in his reading.A) buttoned C) attachedB) tricked D) absorbed55. The more she thought about it, ________.A) the more she became excited C) the more excited did she becomeB) the more excited she became D) she became more excited56. Being a manager, he is keen to _________ relations with those companies that have goodreputation.A) inform C) cultivateB) complete D) account57. I wish the speaker would ____________ himself to the subject.A) confine C) concludeB) confirm D) connect58. She decided to _________ her studies after obtaining her first degree.A) purchase C) persuadeB) pursue D) perform59. This building doesn’t _________ safety regulations; it is dangerous for people to live in.A) compare to C) consider asB) consist of D) conform to60. It is said that girls, in general, ________ to be better in language learning than boys.A) tend C) changeB) suppose D) turnPart ⅣFill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. (答案写在答题纸上.) （10%）1.I don’t think we can solve the problem this way. We should try a different _____________.2.I agree with you that men and women should be equally_______________ for bringing upchildren.3.Although he made a great deal of money, he could never ____________ his feelings ofworthlessness.4.To ______________ his dream of becoming a professional athlete, Tom kept training for threeyears.5.No one else can tell you what is best for you because every ____________ is different.6.When questioned, the children ____________ that their homework remained untouched, asthey had idled away their time doing nothing.7.These young people were so ____________ about things in the U.S. that they thought blacksand whites had always had equal educational opportunities there.8.Technical schools prepare their students for the ____________ of practical skills they learnedin class to their work.9.Have you ever heard that single women tend to live longer than married women,_____________ married men tend to live longer than single men?10.Her written English was first-class, and she had a(n) ___________vocabulary for asophomore.Part V TranslationDirections: Translate the following five sentences into English. (答案写在答题纸上.) （15%）1.在坚强意志的推动下，汤姆终于完成了他承担的任务。
西安建筑科技大学考试试卷标准答案(共6页)A卷评卷人填
西安建筑科技大学考试试卷标准答案（共 6 页）A卷评卷人填写
考试科目：水文学考试时间：
西安建筑科技大学考试标准答案（共 6 页）A卷班级：姓名：学号：。
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这段时间称为流域最大汇流时间，以τ表示，即流域最远点A的净雨流到出口断面B所
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西安建筑科技大学考试标准答案（共 6 页）A卷
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西安建筑科技大学考试试卷
西安建筑科技大学考试试卷(B)（共4页）一、填空题（20分）1. 在水处理工艺中，搅拌器的形式多种多样，应根据工艺要求来选用，常用的搅拌器有：将式搅拌器、推进式搅拌器、涡轮搅拌器等。
2. 膜组件可分为板式膜组件、管式膜组件、螺卷式膜组件和中空纤维膜组件。
此外还有毛细管式膜组件。
3. 改变介质的腐蚀特性一般有两种途径：一种是去除介质中有害成分；另一种是加缓蚀剂。
4. 合金工具钢9SiCr钢表示表示平均含碳量为0.9%，硅和铬的平均含量小于1.5% 。
HSn65－3表示含铜65%、含锡3％的锡黄铜。
5. 机械性能主要指材料的弹性、塑性、强度和韧性。
6. Ni－Mo合金是耐盐酸腐蚀的优异材料。
最有名的哈氏合金（0Cr16Ni57Mo16Fe6W4）能耐室温下所有浓度的盐酸和氢氟酸。
7. 物质的导热系数值不仅因物质的种类、结构成分和密度而异，而且还和物质温度、湿度和压力等因素有关。
8. 腐蚀防护设计除正确选材外，具体还包括防蚀方法选择、防蚀结构设计、防蚀强度设计以及满足防蚀要求的加工方法。
9. 陶瓷的最大缺点是脆性，它是阻碍陶瓷作为结构材料广泛应用的首要问题，是当前的重要研究课题。
10. 焊接的方法很多，大体可分为三大类：即熔化焊、压力焊和钎焊。
11. 机械制造金属机件的基本方法有铸造、压力加工、焊接、切削加工和热处理。
12. 压力加工的基本方式有轧制、拉丝、挤压、自由锻造、模型锻造和薄板冲压。
13. 金属发生应力腐蚀的三个必要条件是：敏感金属、特定介质和一定的静应力。
14. 机械传动的主要方式有齿轮传动、带传动和链传动。
二、判断题（15分，每题1.5分）1、陶瓷和搪瓷均是用粘土类无机材料制成的，组成基本一样。
（ⅹ）2、影响对流换热的因素主要有如下几种 (√ )a.流体的相变b.流体的物理性质c.流体流动的状态d.流体流动的原因e. 换热表面状况 3、“没有金刚钻，就不要揽瓷器活”这句话说明了陶瓷的刚度很大。
(完整word版)西安建筑科技大学课程考试试卷(标准答案).
西安建筑科技大学课程考试试卷（标准答案）一、名词解释①水资源：地球上的各种水，如果对人类和地球生物的生存及发展具有直接或间接的使用价值或经济价值，或者在一定的经济技术条件下有可能被利用的各种形态的水，统称为水资源，其内涵包括生存利用、生产利用、生态环境利用，外延包括直接利用、间接利用、以后有可能被利用。
②水体更替周期：某水体的总量全部自然更新一次所需要的时间。
③水质型缺水：某个地区水体总量充足，但是由于水体遭受污染不能被正常利用，致使该地区水资源不足，称为水质型缺水。
④干旱指数：一个地区的年蒸发量与年降水量的比值。
⑤水系：干流、支流及河流内的湖泊、沼泽彼此相互连接在一起所形成的庞大水系统。
⑥流域：以分水线为界，汇集地表径流和地下径流的区域，称流域。
⑦生态环境需水量：从广义上讲，维持全球生物地理生态系统水平衡（包括水热平衡、水沙平衡、水盐平衡等）所需用的水量，统称为生态环境需水量。
从狭义上讲，为维持区域内生态环境不再恶化并逐渐改善，所需要消耗的水资源量，称为生态环境需水量。
⑧水体污染：排入水体的污染物在数量上超过了该物质在水体中的本底含量和自净能力，即水体的环境容量，从而导致水体的物理特征、化学特征发生不良变化，破坏了水中固有的生态系统，破坏了水体的功能及在人类生活和生产中的作用。
⑨点污染源和面污染源：所谓点源污染，是指集中产生、并有可能集中排入水体的污染源。
所谓面源污染，是指非集中产生、不可能集中排入水体的污染源，例如人烟稀少的山区、旷野、农村地带也有自然污染产生，降雨时污染物会随地面径流进入水体，这样的污染就具有面源的性质。
⑩水资源管理：指人类对水资源的统筹规划、政策指导、协调控制、监督管理。
二、填空①大循环过程包括海洋蒸发、气流飘移、遇冷降雨、地表地下径流、汇入海洋；小循环过程包括海洋蒸发、遇冷降雨至海洋，地表蒸发、遇冷降雨至地表。
②地球水总量13.86亿km3，陆地水量总计0.48亿km3，陆地淡水总量0.35亿km3，可以直接利用的0.1亿km3，占不足地球总水量的1%或不到淡水总量的25%。
建大自动控制原理试题
D．
1
T 2 s + 2ζTs + 1
H2
R(s)
-
C(s)
G1
-
G2
G3
G4
-
H3
H1 图1
8. 已知校正装置的渐近对数幅频特性如图所示。试判断该环节的相位特性
是( )。
A．相位超前
B．相位滞后
C．相位滞后-相位超前
D．相位超前-相位滞后
9. 闭环系统中测量装置的输入信号是系统的 ( )信号。
A. 输入
3
4
西安建筑科技大学考试试卷（共 6 页）
班级：
姓名：
考试科目：自动控制原理
２．（6 分）下列图形所示非线性系统具有相同的方框图，它们的负倒描述函数曲线与线性 部分的频率特性分别如图所示，分析各系统能否产生稳定自振荡。
学号：
七. (16 分)一最小相位单位反馈系统固有部分的 Bode 图为图中 I 曲线所示，串联校正后的 Bode 图为图中 II 曲线所示。
不填均无分。 1. 传递函数定义为
条件下，输出量的拉氏变换与输入量的拉氏变换之比。
和型别依次为 ( A. 0.5，0 型
)。 B. 2.5，I 型
C. 5 ，0 型
D. 10，I 型
2. 控制系统对输入信号的响应由稳态分量和____________分量两部分组成。 3. 控制系统的时域动态性能指标主要指_________________和_________________。
量将 ( )。
A. 增大
B. 减小
C. 不变
D. 不能确定
6. 系统在 r(t) = t 2 作用下的稳态误差 ess = ∞ ，说明（ ）
5. PI 控制器是是一种相位__________校正装置,主要用来改善系统的__________性能.。
西安建筑科技大学考试试卷(共 页)
二、试分析后张法生产预应力构件时可能有哪些应损失？如何进行弥补？(10分)四、试计算上图中④、⑤钢筋的下料长度。
(10分)三、某土方工程场地方格网边长为20米，场地设计标高H0=43.73米。
(1).试列式计算各角点的设计标高和施工高度(填入图中)；(2). 列式确定零点位置(必须标明与角点的距离)，画出零线，并在图中示出填方区及挖方区；(3).若计算出填方量为26700m3，挖方量为29500m3，可松性系数k s=1.30，k s’=1.05，试计算弃土量。
(12分)六、试绘制三层现浇钢筋混凝土楼盖工程的流水施工进度表。
已知t支模=4d，t扎筋=2d，t浇砼=2d，层间技术间歇为2d。
(10分)五、在图上计算下面双代号网络图的节点时参、工序时参、工序时差，并将其转化为时标网络图。
(10分)一简答题(每题6分,共48分)1. 按工作装置不同单斗挖掘机分为：正铲、反铲、拉铲和抓铲。
（2分）正铲挖掘机的工作特点是：土斗自下向上强制切土，随挖掘的进程向前开行。
反铲挖土机的特点是：土斗自上向下强制切土，随挖随行或后退，主要用于开挖停机面以下的土壤，不需设置进出口通道。
拉铲挖土机的工作特点是：利用土斗自重及拉索拉力切土，随挖随行或后退，主要用于开挖停机面以下的土壤。
抓铲挖土机的工作特点：土斗直上直下，借助土斗的自重切土抓取，用于开挖停机面以下的土壤。
（每种特点1分，共4分）2．复打法的适用范围：当要提高单桩承载力（1.5）或消除缩颈等缺陷时（1.5分），扩大桩径等。
复打法的要求：复打施工必须在第一次灌注的混凝土初凝以前全部完成（1.5分），同时前后两次沉管的轴线必须重合（1.5分）。
3．施工缝：如果由于技术上的原因或设备人力的限制，混凝土的浇注不能连续进行，中间的间歇时间需超过混凝土的初凝时间，则应留置施工缝。
（3分）留置原则：尽可能留置在结构剪力较小且便于施工的部位。
（3分）4.①对水泥的要求：冬期施工为了缩短养护时间，一般应选用硅酸盐水泥或普通硅酸盐水泥，用蒸汽直接养护混凝土时，应选用矿渣硅酸盐水泥。
西安建筑科技大学827安全系统工程2018-2019年考研专业课真题试卷
A. 凝结硬化快 B. 防火性差 C. 硬化后多孔 D. 微膨胀
6、有关混凝土徐变的描述中，错误的是（ ）。
A．能缓解应力集中 B．导致预应力混凝土施加的预应力损失 C. 早期增长慢，后期增长快
10、石油沥青的温度敏感性是指石油沥青的粘性和塑性随温度升降而变化的性能，主要包括石油沥
青的
a
和
b
。
二、单项选择题（共 10 题，每题 2 分，共 20 分）
1、下列能作为衡量建筑材料抗冻性优劣指标的是（ ）
A．导热系数 B．饱水系数 C．软化系
2、关于混凝土碳化对混凝土性能的影响表述错误的是（ ）
A.定量分析法 B.演绎分析法 C.归纳分析法 D.综合分析法 2.危险性等级的划分有多种方法，在预先危险性分析中仅能作为定性评价分为四等级，以下不属于 的等级是 。
A.安全的 B.危险的 C.可以接受的 D.破坏性的
3.在危险度分析中通常采用来评价故障类型的危险度是 。
A. 风险率 B.可靠率
C.综合危险性指数 D.概率-严重度
a
和
b
。
2、无机胶凝材料按硬化条件的差异，分为
a
和
b
。
3、硅酸盐水泥熟料的主要矿物成分中： a 水化反应速率最大、 b 早期与后期强度高。
4、熟石灰的硬化主要包括两个过程，即
a
和
b
。
5、天然砂作为混凝土的细骨料，其粗细程度用 a 表示，颗粒级配用 b 表示。
6、混凝土拌合物的和易性包括： a 、 b 及保水性三方面内容。
。
A.危险度评价法 B.DOW 法
C.事故树法
D. MOND 法
8.英国帝国化学工业公司(ICI)于 1974 年针对化工装置而开发的一种危险性评价方法 。
西安建筑科技大学考试试卷标准答案(共6页) A卷评卷人填
( 2 分：公式 1 分、结果 1 分)
停止时，降雨强度逐渐减小到稳渗率的程度，
地面径流逐渐消失，此即净雨终止的时刻 t2。由 t′3 到 t2 的时间段又称为产流历时。（1 分）但河槽集流过 程并未停止，它包括雨水由坡面汇入河网，直到全部流经出口断面时为止的整个过程，它的延续时间最
长，比净雨历时和坡地漫流历时都要长得多，一直到 t4 时刻为止，由这次暴雨产生的洪水过程才算终 止。由 t2 到 t4 这段时间称为流域最大汇流时间，以 τ 表示，即流域最远点 A 的净雨流到出口断面 B 所花 费的时间(图 6.3b、c)。（1 分）
1956～1985 年的资料，能否用乙系列展延甲系列？若可以，对下列年份的流量值进行展延。（经计算： Q乙 = 净雨深为 R1 = 20mm， R2 = 25mm，R3 = 10mm， f1 = 1.5 km2， f 2 = 3.0
520m3/s， Cv乙 = 0.34； Q乙 = 600m3/s， Cv乙 = 0.31， r = 0.98）。
样、
四、是非题（在每小题后的括号内标出 “√ ”或 “× ”， 每小题 1.5 分，共 9 分）
分层随机抽样 、 均匀抽样 和 适时抽样 ，最好采用前三种形式。
1. 由随机现象的一部分试验资料去研究总体现象的数字特征和规律的学科称为概率论。（ × ）
5. 能够采用数理统计法的水文资料要具有一定的要求，包括 一致性 、 代表性
a. 1/3；
b. 1/8 ；
3. 下渗率总是 d 。
c.3/8 ；
d.1/6
4. 中泓线：河道各横断面表面最大流速点的连线。
5. 等流时线：落在该线上的净降雨通过坡地漫流和河槽集流到出口断面所需的汇流时间都相等， 称此线为等流时线。
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西安建筑科技大学考试试卷标准答案（共 6 页）A卷评卷人填写
考试科目：水文学考试时间：
班级：姓名：学号：。
由t′3到t2的时间段又称为产流历时。
（1分）但河槽集
2
流过程并未停止，它包括雨水由坡面汇入河网，直到全部流经出口断面时为止的整个过程，它的延续时
间最长，比净雨历时和坡地漫流历时都要长得多，一直到t4时刻为止，由这次暴雨产生的洪水过程才算
这段时间称为流域最大汇流时间，以τ表示，即流域最远点A的净雨流到出口断面B所
3 4
班级：姓名：学号：
m3（1分）
s
)s
0.2
203
=
⨯（1分）
36
.
m
14
m3（1分）
s
56。