2004-12-EC新版包装指令
新电磁兼容指令

新电磁兼容指令2004/108/EC出台关键词:电磁兼容指令,2004/108/EC,电源管理摘 要: 文章对欧洲电磁兼容新指令2004/108/EC的部分内容作了简单介绍,包括某些定义、适用/不适用的设备、基本要求、协调标准、符合性评定程序、技术文件、符合性声明、标识和信息等。
该指令将取代89/336/EMC。
经过6年的讨论,新的欧洲电磁兼容指令《欧洲议会和理事会2004/12/15关于使成员国电磁兼容法律相似并废止89/336/EEC的2004/108/EC指令》(DIRECTIVE 2004/108/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 December 2004 on the approximation of the Laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility and repealing Directive 89/336/EEC)已于2004年12月31日在“欧盟的官方期刊”(Official Journal of the European Union)上发布,并于2005年1月20日开始生效。
被取代的89/336/EEC指令将于2007年7月20日废止;不过符合89/336/EEC指令要求的设备可以销售到2009年7月20日。
在2007年7月20日前,制造商可以根据自己的需要从两者中任选一个指令。
注:为便于描述,以下简称2004/108/EC 为“新指令”,“89/336/EEC”为 “老指令”,“欧盟的官方期刊”(Official Journal of the European Union)为“OJ”。
新指令完全被重新编写,以便更符合新指令的格式。
新指令有不少重大变化,有些要求更严格了,有些要求却放松了。
同老指令相比,新指令为每条都增加了标题。
ROHS-全集豁免(39种)

ROHS指令及豁免条款解读一、欧盟议会和欧盟理事会2003年1月23日第2002/95/EC号关于在电子电气设备中限制使用某些有害物质指令,即ROHS指令。
其中:指令第(4)条关于消除镉环境污染的欧洲共同体行动计划,欧洲共同体理事会1988年1月25日决议要求欧盟委员会刻不容缓地制定实施该计划中的特定措施。
还必须对人类健康予以保护。
因此,应实施一个特别限制镉的使用及加快研究其替代品的整体战略。
决议强调在不存在合适的且更安全的选择的情况下应限制镉的使用。
.欧盟有关于91/338/EEC的指令,专门针对镉作出了规定。
主要意见为:PVC产品中的稳定剂不超过100PPM,如电线外皮;特定塑料的着色剂,液体油漆(溶剂和水剂)不超过100PPM;高锌含量液体油漆不超过1000PPM;某些生产设备和机械不能使用电镀镉。
另外一个指令是94/62/EC包装指令(2004/12/EC为最新修正版),规定了包装物里面Pb+Cd+Hg+Cr(VI)<100ppm.包装物分为一级包装:在销售点给最终消费者的包装;二级包装:也叫整箱或单位包装,在包装物去除后不会影响到产品的特性;三级包装:也称运输包装,保护运输中的整批产品,不包括集装箱。
制造企业主要检测一级包装,有时也需要检测二、三级包装。
指令第(9)条本指令的实施不应违背共同体在安全和卫生要求方面的立法以及共同体关于废弃物管理的特殊立法,特别是1991年3月18日理事会关于含有某些危险物质 的电池和蓄电池的第91/157/EEC号指令。
解读电池指令91/157/EEC指令及后来的扩展指令98/101/EC、2002/525/EC在法律地位上要高于ROHS指令。
如果电池产品进行测试,首先应满足电池指令,然后再满足ROHS指令。
电池指令规定电池和蓄电池Hg的含量<5ppm;纽扣电池的Hg 含量如果Hg超过限值,判定电池不合格;如果Pb、Cd、Hg没有超过限值,判定电池合格;如果Pb、Cd超过限值,必须按93/86/EEC指令进行标示后(主要是标明其含量及一个打×的垃圾桶),才判为合格。
欧盟新版EMC指令——2004/104/EC介绍

欧盟新版EMC指令——2004/104/EC介绍最新版的欧盟指令2004/104/EC于2004年11月13日在欧洲官方期刊OJ(officialjournalofEu—ropeanunion)上发布,取代欧盟关于汽车电磁兼容指令95/54/EC,并自发布之日20天后生效,于2006年1月1日开始执行,2009年1月1日全面执行。
该指令的历次修订情况介绍如下:首次制定并由欧洲官方发布于1972年7月6日OJNo.L152,指令号为72/245/EEC;历次修订情况为:1989年8月15日OJNo.L238发布89/491/EEC;1995年11月8日OJNo.L266发布95/54/EC;2004年11月13日OJNo.L337发布2004/104/EC。
下面就最新版的欧盟指令2004/104/EC(以下简称为“04指令”)的特点和与旧版指令95/54/EC(以下简称为“95指令”)的内容变化差异进行介绍。
1适用产品和应用范围要求1.1适用于车辆的电磁兼容性及车辆上安装的零部件或独立技术单元的电磁兼容性。
车辆可以是厂家提供的汽车或挂车(以下统称“车辆”)。
1.2车辆上安装的零部件或独立技术单元的某些功能涉及电磁抗扰性要求,这些功能是关于车辆的直接控制功能;关于驾驶员、乘客和其它道路使用者的保护功能;关于造成驾驶员和其它道路使用者驾驶混乱的功能。
1.3指令旨在控制无用的辐射发射和传导发射以保护自己或邻近或附近的车辆上的电气或电子设备的正常使用;提高汽车抗骚扰的能力。
1.4关于车辆抗扰性的功能,涉及的电气/电子组件(ESA)功能有:1.4.1关于车辆直接控制的功能:◇发动机、传动装置、制动器、悬挂、自动驾驶、速度限制器等设备的性能降级或改变;◇影响驾驶员的位置,如座位或方向盘位置;◇影响驾驶员的视野,如前照灯、雨刮器。
1.4.2关于驾驶员、乘客和其它道路使用者保护的功能:◇安全气囊和安全约束系统。
1.4.3受到骚扰时,引起驾驶员或其它道路使用者陷入混乱的功能:◇视觉骚扰:转向灯、制动灯、示廓灯、后位灯、应急系统、警示灯等的错误操作;◇声音骚扰:防盗警报、喇叭等的误操作。
94 62 EC包装和废弃物指令(解读)

欧盟包材指令94-62-EC的修正2005-20-EC94/62/EC(包装指令)已经更新成2005/20/EC,但是化学测试项目和限值没有变改!European Parliament and Council Directive 94/62/EC of 20 December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste欧洲议会和理事会指令94/62/EC,包装和包装废弃物处理Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council adapting a number of instruments subject to the procedure referred to in Article 251 of the Treaty to Council Decision 1999/468/EC, as amended by Decision 2006/512/EC, with regard to the regulatory procedure with scrutiny - Part Two - Adaptation to the regulatory procedure with scrutiny99/177/EC 1999-02-08委员会决定1999/177/EC,制定与在关于包装和包装废物的指令94/62/EC中规定的重金属浓度水平相关的塑料板条箱和塑料托板毁损条件(根据文件C(1999)246通报)(内容与EEA相关)99/42/EC 1998-12-22委员会决定1999/42/EC,根据关于包装和包装废物的欧洲议会和理事会指令94/62/EC第6(6)条,批准由奥地利通报的措施(依据文件C(1998)3940通报)(仅德文版有效)(内容与EEA相关)2005/20/EC 2005-03-09欧洲议会和理事会指令2005/20/EC,修订关于包装和包装废弃物的指令94/62/EC2004/12/EC 2004-02-11欧洲议会和理事会指令2004/12/EC,修订关于包装和包装废弃物指令94/62/EC-理事会、委员会及欧洲议会声明欧盟包装指令(94/62/EC)简介1. 欧盟法规的形式欧盟法规的形式为:规章(Regulations)、指令(Directives)、决定(Decisions)、建议和意见(Recommendations and advice),其中建议和意见没有约束力。
欧盟包装物指令2004 12 EC 英文版

DIRECTIVE2004/12/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCILof11February2004amending Directive94/62/EC on packaging and packaging wasteTHE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EURO-PEAN UNION,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,and in particular Article95(1)thereof,Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1),Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee(2),Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251of the Treaty,in the light of the joint text approved by the Conciliation Committee on17December2003(3),Whereas:(1)Pursuant to Directive94/62/EC(4)the Council isrequired,no later than six months before the end of afive-year phase starting from the date by which thatDirective should have been implemented in national law,to fix targets for the next five-year phase.(2)The definition of‘packaging’laid down in Directive94/62/EC should be further clarified through the introduc-tion of certain criteria and an annex containing illustra-tive examples.It is necessary,in order to achieve theambitious recycling targets,to encourage the develop-ment of innovative,environmentally sound and viablerecycling processes.An evaluation of the different recy-cling methods should be made with a view to drawingup definitions for these methods.(3)Recycling targets for each specific waste material shouldtake account of life-cycle assessments and cost-benefitanalysis,which have indicated clear differences both inthe costs and in the benefits of recycling the variouspackaging materials,and should improve the coherenceof the internal market for the recycling of these mate-rials.(4)Recovery and recycling of packaging waste should befurther increased to reduce its environmental impact.(5)Certain Member States which,on account of theirspecial circumstances,were allowed to postpone the datefixed for achievement of the recovery and recyclingtargets set in Directive94/62/EC should be granted afurther,but limited,postponement.(6)The European Parliament,the Council and the Commis-sion agree on the need for temporary derogations forthe acceding States with respect to the targets of thisDirective.This should be decided on the basis of therequests from the acceding States for derogations to runin principle until not later than2012for Cyprus,theCzech Republic,Estonia,Hungary,Lithuania,Slovakiaand Slovenia;2013for Malta;2014for Poland and2015for Latvia.(7)This agreement will be finalised in accordance with theappropriate legal procedure before the expiry of thedeadline for the transposition of this Directive.(8)The management of packaging and packaging wasterequires the Member States to set up return,collectionand recovery systems.Such systems should be open tothe participation of all interested parties and be designedto avoid discrimination against imported products andbarriers to trade or distortions of competition and toguarantee the maximum possible return of packagingand packaging waste,in accordance with the Treaty.Discrimination against materials on the basis of theirweight should be avoided.The operators in the packa-ging chain as a whole should shoulder their sharedresponsibility to ensure that the environmental impactof packaging and packaging waste throughout its lifecycle is reduced as far as possible.(9)Annual Community-wide data on packaging and packa-ging waste,including on waste exported for recyclingand recovery outside the Community,are needed inorder to monitor the implementation of the objectives ofthis Directive.This requires a harmonised reporting tech-nique and clear guidelines for data providers.(10)The Commission should examine and report on theimplementation of this Directive and its impact on boththe environment and the internal market.This reportshould also cover the issues of essential requirements,waste prevention measures,a possible packaging indi-cator,waste prevention plans,reuse,producer responsi-bility and heavy metal and should,as appropriate,beaccompanied by proposals for revision.(1)OJ C103E,30.4.2002,p.17.(2)OJ C221,17.9.2002,p.31.(3)Opinion of the European Parliament of3September2002(OJ C272E,13.11.2003,p.287),Council Common Position of6March 2003(OJ C107E,6.5.2003,p.17),Position of the European Parliament of2July2003(not yet published in the Official Journal).Legislative resolution of the European Parliament of29January 2004and Council Decision of26January2004.(4)OJ L365,31.12.1994,p.10.Directive as amended by Regulation(EC)No1882/2003(OJ L284,31.10.2003,p.1).(11)Member States should promote relevant consumer infor-mation and awareness campaigns and encourage otherprevention instruments.(12)In addition to the environmental and internal marketobjectives of this Directive,recycling may also have theeffect of providing jobs which have declined elsewherein society,and may thus help prevent exclusion.(13)Since the objectives of the proposed action,namely toharmonise national targets for the recycling of packagingwaste,taking into account individual circumstances ofeach Member State,and to provide further clarificationon definitions,cannot be sufficiently achieved by theMember States and can therefore,by reason of the scaleof the action,be better achieved at Community level,theCommunity may adopt measures,in accordance withthe principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article5of theTreaty.In accordance with the principle of proportion-ality,as set out in that Article,this Directive does not gobeyond what is necessary in order to achieve thoseobjectives.(14)The measures necessary for the implementation of thisDirective should be adopted in accordance with CouncilDecision1999/468/EC of28June1999laying downthe procedures for the exercise of implementing powersconferred on the Commission(1).(15)Directive94/62/EC should therefore be amended accord-ingly,HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:Article1Directive94/62/EC is hereby amended as follows:1.the following subparagraphs shall be added to point1ofArticle3:‘The definition of“packaging”shall be further based on the criteria set out below.The items listed in Annex I are illus-trative examples of the application of these criteria.(i)Items shall be considered to be packaging if they fulfilthe abovementioned definition without prejudice toother functions which the packaging might alsoperform,unless the item is an integral part of aproduct and it is necessary to contain,support orpreserve that product throughout its lifetime and allelements are intended to be used,consumed ordisposed of together.(ii)Items designed and intended to be filled at the point of sale and“disposable”items sold,filled or designedand intended to be filled at the point of sale shall beconsidered to be packaging provided they fulfil apackaging function.(iii)Packaging components and ancillary elements inte-grated into packaging shall be considered to be part ofthe packaging into which they are integrated.Ancil-lary elements hung directly on,or attached to,aproduct and which perform a packaging function shallbe considered to be packaging unless they are an inte-gral part of this product and all elements are intendedto be consumed or disposed of together.The Commission shall,as appropriate,in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article21,examine and, where necessary,review the illustrative examples for the definition of packaging given in Annex I.As a priority,the following items shall be addressed:CD and video cases, flower pots,tubes and cylinders around which flexible material is wound,release paper of self-adhesive labels and wrapping paper.’2.Article4shall be replaced by the following:‘Article4Prevention1.Member States shall ensure that,in addition to themeasures to prevent the formation of packaging waste taken in accordance with Article9,other preventive measures are implemented.Such other measures may consist of national programmes, projects to introduce producer responsibility to minimise the environmental impact of packaging or similar actions adopted,if appropriate in consultation with economic operators,and designed to bring together and take advan-tage of the many initiatives taken within Member States as regards prevention.They shall comply with the objectives of this Directive as defined in Article1(1).2.The Commission shall help to promote preventionby encouraging the development of suitable European standards,in accordance with Article10.The standards shall aim to minimise the environmental impact of packa-ging in accordance with Articles9and10.3.The Commission shall,as appropriate,present propo-sals for measures to strengthen and complement the enfor-cement of the essential requirements and to ensure that new packaging is put on the market only if the producer has taken all necessary measures to minimise its environ-mental impact without compromising the essential func-tions of the packaging.’3.Article6shall be replaced by the following:‘Article6Recovery and recycling1.In order to comply with the objectives of this Direc-tive,Member States shall take the necessary measures to attain the following targets covering the whole of their territory:(a)no later than30June2001between50%as aminimum and65%as a maximum by weight ofpackaging waste will be recovered or incinerated atwaste incineration plants with energy recovery;(1)OJ L184,17.7.1999,p.23.(b)no later than31December200860%as a minimumby weight of packaging waste will be recovered or incinerated at waste incineration plants with energy recovery;(c)no later than30June2001between25%as aminimum and45%as a maximum by weight of the totality of packaging materials contained in packaging waste will be recycled with a minimum of15%by weight for each packaging material;(d)no later than31December2008between55%as aminimum and80%as a maximum by weight of packaging waste will be recycled;(e)no later than31December2008the followingminimum recycling targets for materials contained in packaging waste will be attained:(i)60%by weight for glass;(ii)60%by weight for paper and board;(iii)50%by weight for metals;(iv)22,5%by weight for plastics,counting exclusively material that is recycled back into plastics;(v)15%by weight for wood.2.Packaging waste exported out of the Community in accordance with Council Regulations(EEC)No259/93(*), (EC)No1420/1999(**)and Commission Regulation(EC) No1547/1999(***),shall only count for the achievement of the obligations and targets of paragraph1if there is sound evidence that the recovery and/or recycling opera-tion took place under conditions that are broadly equiva-lent to those prescribed by the Community legislation on the matter.3.Member States shall,where appropriate,encourage energy recovery,where it is preferable to material-recycling for environmental and cost-benefit reasons.This could be done by considering a sufficient margin between national recycling and recovery targets.4.Member States shall,where appropriate,encourage the use of materials obtained from recycled packaging waste for the manufacturing of packaging and other products by:(a)improving market conditions for such materials;(b)reviewing existing regulations preventing the use ofthose materials.5.Not later than31December2007,the European Parliament and the Council shall,acting by qualified majority and on a proposal from the Commission,fix targets for the third five-year phase2009until2014, based on the practical experience gained in the Member States in pursuit of the targets laid down in paragraph1and the findings of scientific research and evaluation tech-niques such as life-cycle assessments and cost-benefit analysis.This process shall be repeated every five years.6.The measures and targets referred to in paragraph1 shall be published by the Member States and shall be the subject of an information campaign for the general public and economic operators.7.Greece,Ireland and Portugal may,because of their specific situations,namely respectively the large number of small islands,the presence of rural and mountain areas and the current low level of packaging consumption, decide to:(a)attain,no later than30June2001,lower targets thanthose fixed in paragraphs1(a)and(c),but shall at least attain25%for recovery or incineration at waste incin-eration plants with energy recovery;(b)postpone at the same time the attainment of thetargets in paragraphs1(a)and(c)to a later deadline which shall not,however,be later than31December 2005;(c)postpone the attainment of the targets referred to inparagraphs1(b),(d)and(e)until a date of their own choice which shall not be later than31December 2011.8.The Commission shall,as soon as possible and no later than30June2005,present a report to the European Parliament and the Council on the progress of the imple-mentation of this Directive and its impact on the environ-ment,as well as on the functioning of the internal market. The report shall take into account individual circumstances in each Member State.It shall cover the following:(a)an evaluation of the effectiveness,implementation andenforcement of the essential requirements;(b)additional prevention measures to reduce the environ-mental impact of packaging as far as possible without compromising its essential functions;(c)the possible development of a packaging environmentindicator to render packaging waste prevention simpler and more effective;(d)packaging waste prevention plans;(e)encouragement of reuse and,in particular,comparisonof the costs and benefits of reuse and those of recy-cling;(f)producer responsibility including its financial aspects;(g)efforts to reduce further and,if appropriate,ultimatelyphase out heavy metals and other hazardous substances in packaging by2010.This report shall,as appropriate,be accompanied by proposals for revision of the related provisions of this Directive,unless such proposals have,by that time,been presented.9.The report shall address the issues in paragraph8aswell as other relevant issues in the framework of the different elements of the Sixth Environmental Action Programme,in particular the thematic strategy on recy-cling and the thematic strategy on the sustainable use of resources.The Commission and the Member States shall,as appro-priate,encourage studies and pilot projects concerning points8(b),(c),(d),(e)and(f)and other prevention instru-ments.10.Member States which have,or will,set programmesgoing beyond the maximum targets of paragraph1and which provide to this effect appropriate capacities for recy-cling and recovery shall be permitted to pursue those targets in the interest of a high level of environmental protection,on condition that these measures avoid distor-tions of the internal market and do not hinder compliance by other Member States with this Directive.Member States shall inform the Commission of such measures.The Commission shall confirm these measures,after having verified,in cooperation with the Member States,that they are consistent with the abovementioned considerations and do not constitute an arbitrary means of discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between Member States.(*)OJ L30,6.2.1993,p.1.Regulation as last amended by Commission Regulation(EC)No2557/2001(OJ L349,31.12.2001,p.1).(**)OJ L166,1.7.1999,p.6.Regulation as last amended by Commission Regulation(EC)No2118/2003(OJ L318,3.12.2003,p.5).(***)OJ L185,17.7.1999,p. 1.Regulation as last amended by Regulation(EC)No2118/2003.’4.Article8(2)shall be replaced by the following:‘2.To facilitate collection,reuse and recovery including recycling,packaging shall indicate for the purposes of its identification and classification by the industry concerned the nature of the packaging material(s)used on the basis of Commission Decision97/129/EC(*).(*)OJ L50,20.2.1997,p.28.’5.The following paragraph shall be added to Article13:‘Member States shall also promote consumer information and awareness campaigns.’6.Article19shall be replaced by the following:‘Article19Adaptation to scientific and technical progressThe amendments necessary for adapting to scientific and technical progress the identification system(as referred toin Article8(2)and Article10,second subparagraph,last indent),the formats relating to the database system(as referred to in Article12(3)and Annex III)as well as the illustrative examples on the definition of packaging(as referred to in Annex I)shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article21(2).’7.Article20(1)shall be replaced by the following:‘1.The Commission,in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article21,shall determine the technical measures necessary to deal with any difficulties encoun-tered in applying the provisions of this Directive in par-ticular to inert packaging materials,put on the market in very small quantities(i.e.approximately0,1%by weight) in the European Union,primary packaging for medical devices and pharmaceutical products,small packaging and luxury packaging.’8.Article21shall be replaced by the following:‘Article21Committee procedure1.The Commission shall be assisted by a committee.2.Where reference is made to this paragraph,Articles5and7of Decision1999/468/EC(*)shall apply,having regard to the provisions of Article8thereof.The period laid down in Article5(6)of Decision1999/ 468/EC shall be set at three months.3.The Committee shall adopt its rules of procedure.(*)OJ L184,17.7.1999,p.23.’9.The following paragraph shall be inserted in Article22:‘3a.Provided that the objectives set out in Article6are achieved,Member States may transpose the provisions of Article7by means of agreements between the competent authorities and the economic sectors concerned.Such agreements shall meet the following requirements:(a)agreements shall be enforceable;(b)agreements shall specify objectives with the corre-sponding deadlines;(c)agreements shall be published in the national officialjournal or an official document equally accessible tothe public,and transmitted to the Commission;(d)the results achieved shall be monitored regularly,reported to the competent authorities and the Commis-sion and made available to the public under the condi-tions set out in the agreement;(e)the competent authorities shall ensure that theprogress achieved under the agreement is examined;(f)in the event of non-compliance with the agreement,Member States shall implement the relevant provisionsof this Directive by legislative,regulatory or adminis-trative measures.’10.Annex I shall be replaced by the annex which appears inthe Annex hereto.Article2Member States shall bring into force the laws,regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Direc-tive by18August2005.They shall immediately inform the Commission thereof.When Member States adopt those measures,they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such a refer-ence on the occasion of their official publication.Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made.Article3This Directive shall enter into force on the day of its publica-tion in the Official Journal of the European Union.Article4This Directive is addressed to the Member States.Done at Strasbourg,11February2004.For the European ParliamentThe PresidentP.COXFor the CouncilThe PresidentM.McDOWELLANNEX‘ANNEX IILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES FOR CRITERIA REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE3(1) Illustrative examples for criterion(i)PackagingSweet boxesFilm overwrap around a CD caseNon-packagingFlower pots intended to stay with the plant throughout its lifeTool boxesTea bagsWax layers around cheeseSausage skinsIllustrative examples for criterion(ii)Packaging,if designed and intended to be filled at the point of salePaper or plastic carrier bagsDisposable plates and cupsCling filmSandwich bagsAluminium foilNon-packagingStirrerDisposable cutleryIllustrative examples for criterion(iii)PackagingLabels hung directly on or attached to a productPart of packagingMascara brush which forms part of the container closureSticky labels attached to another packaging itemStaplesPlastic sleevesDevice for measuring dosage which forms part of the container closure for detergents.’。
RoHSWEEE指令及电池指令包装指令的关系

RoHS/WEEE指令与电池指令、包装指令的关系中国赛宝(总部)实验室刘群兴黄海涛1.前言欧洲议会和理事会于2003年1月27日完成并批准了2002/95/EC 关于在电子电气设备中限制使用某些有害物质指令(简称RoHS指令,Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 27 January 2003 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment)和2002/96/EC 关于电子电气设备废弃物指令(简称WEEE指令,Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the council 27 January 2003 on waste electrical and electronic equipment),并于2003年2月13日在官方刊物上公布生效。
欧盟这两个指令的出台,主要是针对电子电气产品(简称EEE,Electrical and Electronic Equipment),而这些产品又不可避免会使用到包装材料,有不少产品还会使用到电池。
电池和包装材料则分别涉及到欧盟电池指令和包装指令。
本文就电池指令、包装指令以及两指令与ROHS/WEEE 指令之间的关系作了简要介绍。
2.电池指令2.1 电池分类电池主要可分为如下两类:第一类为轻便式电池(portable batteries),其重量一般在1kg以下。
包括:a)不可充电的普通电池或蓄电池,如碳锌干电池(carbon-zinc dry batteries)、碱锰电池(alkaline manganese batteries);b)不可充电的钮扣电池(button cells),如锌-空气钮扣电池、氧化银钮扣电池、氧化锰钮扣电池、锂钮扣电池等;c)可充电电池,包括:镍镉电池,镍氢电池、锂离子电池等。
EC指令中文版

包装物和废弃包装物的94/62/EC指令第1条目的1.本指令旨在协调各国有关包装物和废弃包装物管理的措施,一方面是为了防止由此对各成员国和第三国环境产生任何影响,或减小这类影响,从而提供高水平环境保护;另一方面是为了确保内部市场的正常运行并且避免在欧洲共同体内产生贸易壁垒、不正当竞争和使竞争受到限制。
2.为此,本指令规定这类措施的首要目的是防止产生废弃包装物,其次作为附加的基本原则,对包装物再使用、再循环和实现其它形式的废弃包装物回收以及由此减少对这类废弃物的最终处理量。
第2条范围1.本指令适用于投放欧洲共同体市场的所有包装物和所有废弃包装物,不管它们是工业、商业、办公室、商店、服务业、家庭或其它场所使用的或废弃的,也不管使用的是什么材料。
2.实施本指令不应损害对包装物现有的质量要求,诸如有关包装产品的安全、健康保护和卫生等要求,或损害现行运输要求,或损害欧洲联盟理事会1991年12月12日关于有害废弃物的91/689/EEC指令要求。
第3条定义1.在本指令中,“包装物”是指由任何性质的任何材料制成的所有产品,它们用来容纳、保护、搬运、交付和提供商品,其范围从原材料到加工成的商品,从生产者到使用者或消费者。
用于相同用途的“不可回收”的物品也应该被视为包装物。
“包装物”只包括:(a) 销售包装物或初次包装物,即被认为是在采购地点构成某个向最终使用者或消费者提供的销售单元的包装物;(b) 组合的包装物或二次包装物,即被认为是在采购地点构成一组一定数量的销售单元的包装物,不管这些销售单元是以这种方式向最终使用者或消费者销售的还是仅仅作为补充销售地点货架的一种方式;从产品上拿掉这类包装物并不影响该产品的特性;(c) 运输包装物或三次包装物,即被认为是为了便于搬运和运输若干销售单元或组合的包装物,以防止在搬运和运输过程中遭到物理损坏的包装物。
运输包装物不包括公路、铁路、海运和空运集装箱。
2.“废弃包装物”是指75/442/EEC指令中对“废弃物”的定义所涉及的任何包装物或包装材料,生产的剩余物不包括在内。
欧盟废电器电子设备有关指令(WEEE)(RoHS) 简介及要点介绍

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電機電子環境發展協會
绿色供应链建构与管理实例
成为GP member的条件与步骤: 一、供货商负责人同意接受工厂审查,并遵照
S公司标准生产交货: SS-00259
(在部件和设备中含有限制使用物质的管理标准)
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電機電子環境發展協會
绿色供应链建构与管理实例
成为GP member的条件与步骤: 二、实地审查:
PBB
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可能衝擊的產品與製程 電路板上之零件如晶片電阻、連接材料、表面處理、低 熔點焊接、保險絲、鹼性電池化學合成材料、馬達、開 關、繼電器、漏電開閉器等的電氣接點材料、半導體受 光元件 、油漆、墨水、螢光管等。 電機電子設備、焊接、塗蠟材料、電氣連接、鉛酸電池 、 橡膠固化劑、CRT、顏料、玻璃、塗料、橡膠硫化促進 劑、固體潤滑劑等。 溫度計、感應器、開關、繼電器、醫療器材、金屬蝕刻、 乾電池、防腐劑、電極、水銀燈、電訊設備、手機等 顏料、催化劑、電鍍、墨水、陶瓷用著色劑、防腐劑、 相片等。 熱溶劑、潤滑劑和電容器油等。
印刷電路板、連接器、電線、塑膠外殼上之耐燃劑。
電機電子環境發展協會
肆、台商及产业之因应及具体做法
绿色产品的设计 绿色供应链的建构与运营
─合格供货商的选择、管理与评审
绿色采购政策推行 清洁生产的规划、执行、监督与
持续改善
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電機電子環境發展協會
肆、台商及产业之因应及具体做法
一、成立或指定专责机构研读并密切掌握相关贸 易地区和各国对WEEE、RoHS等指令的实施
2.易拆卸之组装设计
3.减少用料的设计
4.节约能源的设计
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電機電子環境發展協會
涵盖产品生命周期的绿色设计活动
市场营销 企划 研究开发
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2004/12/EC包装和包装废弃物指令说明
新指令对94/62/EC以下几个方面进行了补充和修改:
一、新指令
鼓励人们通过不断创新、找出可行的废弃物再循环方法,切实保护环境,要对不同的循环处理方法进行评定,以达到包装废弃物的再循环。
规定特定废弃物循环指数时必须考虑对生命周期的评定,要进行成本-收益分析,指出不同的包装材料在再循环中成本和收益的明显差异。
要进一步加强包装废弃物的循环和利用,以减少对环境的影响。
要求各成员国对包装和包装废弃物进行管理,制定回收、收集和再循环制度。
这个制度必须向各有关方面开放,避免对进口产品实行岐视、对贸易购成壁垒或者对竞争造成扭曲,保证尽可能地对包装和包装废弃物进行回收。
委员会必须对本指令和本指令对环境和内部市场的影响进行检查,并写出专题报告。
这个报告必须涉及下列几个方面:
1.基本要求;
2.废弃物控制措施;
3.包装指数;
4.废弃物控制计划;
5.再利用;
6.生产者责任;
7.重金属。
包装的定义。
新指令中对包装的定义更加明确,并在附录中列出了判断标准和说明性范例。
成员国除了保证实施防止包装废物形成的措施外,还要保证实施其他预防措施。
其他措施包括:
1.国家计划;2.引入生产者负责制或者采取其他的行动,减少包装对环境的影响。
委员会鼓励制定适用的欧洲标准促进这些预防措施的实施。
委员会在适当的时候将对措施提出建议,加强基本要求的实施力度,只有当生产者真正采取了必要的措施,在不影响包装基本功能的同时,减少对环境的影响,才能保证将新包装投放市场。
为了方便收集、再利用和回收,包装材料上应有材料性质的简要说明,以便于识别和进行行业分类。
四.新指令对回收和再循环指标进行了修改
为了达到本指令的目的,各成员国必须采取必要的措施,实现如下目标:
不迟于2001年6月30日,包装废弃物回收的重量或在回收能源的垃圾焚化厂焚化的垃圾重量,最低为50%,最高为65%。
不迟于2008年12月31日,包装废弃物回收的重量或在回收能源的垃圾焚化厂焚化的垃圾重量,最低为60%。
不迟于2001年6月30日,包装废弃物中包装材料总重量的25%--45%,应被循环利用,每种包装材料的利用率应达到其重量的15%。
不迟于2008年12月31日,包装废物重量的55%--80%应被再循环。
不迟于2008年12月31日,包装废物中的材料应达到下列循环利用指标:
60%的玻璃(重量)
60%的纸和纸板(重量)
50%的金属(重量)
22.5%的塑料(重量),只计算可以再循环成塑料的塑料
15%的木材
五.新指令强制实施的时间
各成员国必须在2005年8月18日前应强制实施符合本指令要求的法律、法规和管理条例,并且应立即通知委员会。