SAT阅读中的科学文章
新sat机考阅读题目
新sat机考阅读题目
新SAT考试的阅读部分包括阅读理解和文学分析两个部分，每
部分都有5篇阅读材料，每篇材料后面有几道相关的问题。
阅读理
解部分主要考察考生对于现实世界和历史事件的理解能力，而文学
分析部分则主要考察考生对于文学作品的理解能力。
在阅读理解部分，考生需要通过阅读文章来回答问题，这些文
章可能是来自社会科学、自然科学、历史或文学方面的。
文章内容
可能涉及到科学实验、历史事件、社会现象等，要求考生能够理解
文章的主旨、作者观点、论证方式等。
问题类型包括细节理解、主
旨概括、推断引申、作者态度等。
考生需要通过阅读文章和问题，
准确理解文章的意思，抓住文章的中心思想，合理推断答案。
在文学分析部分，考生需要阅读文学作品的摘录或整篇文章，
对文学作品的结构、语言运用、主题等方面进行分析。
问题类型包
括对文学作品的主题、语言运用、情感色彩等方面进行分析和理解。
考生需要通过阅读文学作品，理解作者的写作意图，把握作品的情
感和主题，正确回答相关问题。
总的来说，新SAT考试的阅读部分要求考生具备较强的阅读理
解能力和文学分析能力，能够准确理解文章或文学作品的意思，抓
住关键信息，理清思路，正确回答相关问题。
考生可以通过多读书、多练习阅读理解题目来提高自己的阅读能力。
新SAT官方指南阅读第十篇全解析
新SAT官方指南阅读第十篇全解析This passage is adapted from Geoffrey Giller,“Long a Mystery,How500-Meter-High Undersea Waves Form Is Revealed.”©2014by Scientific American.Some of the largest ocean waves in the world are nearly impossible to see.Unlike other large waves,these rollers,called internal waves,do not ride the ocean surface.Instead,they moveunderwater,undetectable without the use of satellite imagery or sophisticated monitoringequipment.Despite their hidden nature,internal waves are fundamental parts of ocean water5dynamics,transferring heat to the ocean depths and bringing up cold water from below.And they can reach staggering heights—some as tall as skyscrapers.Because these waves are involved in ocean mixing and thus the transfer of heat, understanding them is crucial to global climate modeling,says Tom Peacock,a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Most models fail to take internal waves into account.“If 10we want to have more and more accurate climate models,we have to be able to capture processes such as this,”Peacock says.Peacock and his colleagues tried to do just that.Their study,published in November in Geophysical Research Letters,focused on internal waves generated in the Luzon Strait,whichseparates Taiwan and the Philippines.Internal waves in this region,thought to be some of thelargest in the world,can reach about500meters high.“That’s the same height as the Freedom15Tower that’s just been built in New York,”Peacock says.Although scientists knew of this phenomenon in the South China Sea and beyond,they didn’t know exactly how internal waves formed.To find out,Peacock and a team of researchers fromM.I.T.and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution worked with France’s National Center for20Scientific Research using a giant facility there called the Coriolis Platform.The rotating platform, about15meters(49.2feet)in diameter,turns at variable speeds and can simulate Earth’s rotation.It also has walls,which means scientists can fill it with water and create accurate,large-scalesimulations of various oceanographic scenarios.Peacock and his team built a carbon-fiber resin scale model of the Luzon Strait,including the 25islands and surrounding ocean floor topography.Then they filled the platform with water ofvarying salinity to replicate the different densities found at the strait,with denser,saltier waterbelow and lighter,less briny water above.Small particles were added to the solution andilluminated with lights from below in order to track how the liquid moved.Finally,they re-created tides using two large plungers to see how the internal waves themselves formed.30The Luzon Strait’s underwater topography,with a distinct double-ridge shape,turns out to be responsible for generating the underwater waves.As the tide rises and falls and water movesthrough the strait,colder,denser water is pushed up over the ridges into warmer,less dense layers above it.This action results in bumps of colder water trailed by warmer water that generate aninternal wave.As these waves move toward land,they become steeper—much the same way35waves at the beach become taller before they hit the shore—until they break on a continental shelf.The researchers were also able to devise a mathematical model that describes the movement and formation of these waves.Whereas the model is specific to the Luzon Strait,it can still help researchers understand how internal waves are generated in other places around the world.Eventually,this information will be incorporated into global climate models,making them more 40accurate.“It’s very clear,within the context of these[global climate]models,that internal waves play a role in driving ocean circulations,”Peacock says.43.The first paragraph serves mainly toA)explain how a scientific device is used.B)note a common misconception about an event.C)describe a natural phenomenon and address its importance.D)present a recent study and summarize its findings.正确答案：C分析：文章第一个段落，作者介绍了一种现象叫内部波浪（internal waves）,而且解释了它们为什么重要。
剑桥雅思阅读关于科技的文章
剑桥雅思阅读关于科技的文章
摘要：
1.科技对人类生活的影响
2.科技发展的两面性
3.如何平衡科技与生活质量的关系
正文：
随着科技的飞速发展，它对我们日常生活的影响日益显著。
剑桥雅思阅读的一篇文章探讨了科技对人类生活的种种影响，以及如何在享受科技带来的便利的同时，保持生活质量的平衡。
文章首先介绍了科技给人类生活带来的积极变化。
互联网、智能手机、电子商务等技术的普及，让信息获取和交流变得更加便捷，大大提高了人们的工作效率和生活品质。
此外，科技的发展还推动了许多行业的变革，例如医疗、教育、交通等，为人们提供了更加先进和个性化的服务。
然而，科技发展的同时也带来了一些负面影响。
文章指出，过度依赖科技可能导致人们面对面交流的减少，人际关系变得疏远。
此外，网络成瘾、手机依赖等现象日益严重，给人们的身心健康带来隐患。
在环境保护方面，科技的发展也带来了一定的挑战，如能源消耗、环境污染等问题。
为了平衡科技与生活质量的关系，文章提出了一些建议。
首先，人们应当合理使用科技产品，避免过度依赖。
其次，注重人际交往，保持与亲朋好友面对面沟通的重要性。
此外，国家政策和企业也应该承担起社会责任，推动绿色科技和可持续发展，减轻科技对环境的影响。
总之，科技的发展对人类生活产生了深远的影响，既有积极的一面，也存在一定的负面影响。
在享受科技带来的便利的同时，我们应关注它对生活质量的影响，努力实现科技与人类福祉的和谐共生。
新SAT文章的阅读
新SAT文章的阅读社会科学历史人文背景知识依然不是必要的但补充背景知识有促进作用历史和人文的陌生感会比较强烈，较难理解自然科学和社会科学的话题更具有普适性，更易理解这是一篇人文类的小说This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma, originally published in 1815.大家需要读引言，因为引言可以提供背景知识Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her.这一段描述了小说主角的性格特点“She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection.这一段结尾引出了另外一个人物“Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own.这一段描述了两人的关系“The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her.埋下伏笔，暗示未来有变化“Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness. —Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss, which first brought grief. It was on the wedding day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over and the bride people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost.变化终于发生了，主角意识到自己失去了什么“The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness—the kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old—how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large debt of gratitude was owing here;“but the intercourse of the last seven years, the equal footing and perfect unreserve which had soon followed Isabella’s marriage on their being left to each other, was yet a dearer, tenderer recollection. It had been a friend and companion such as few possessed, intelligent, well informed, useful, gentle, knowing all the ways of the family, interested in all its concerns, and peculiarly interested in herself, in every pleasure, every scheme of her’s;—one to whom she could speak every thought as it arose, and who had such an affection for her as could never find fault.变化给主角带来的痛苦“How was she to bear the change? —It was true that her friend was going only half a mile from them; but Emma was aware that great must be the difference between a Mrs. Weston only half a mile from them, and a Miss Taylor in the house; and with all her advantages, natural and domestic, she was now in great danger of suffering from intellectual solitude. She dearly loved her father, but he was no companion for her. He could not meet her in conversation, rational or playful.痛苦没有解决“The evil of the actual disparity in their ages (and Mr. Woodhouse had not married early) was much increased by his constitution and habits; for having been a valetudinarian* (follow link to endnote) all his life, without activity of mind or body, he was a much older man in ways than in years; and though everywhere beloved for the friendliness of his heart and his amiable temper, his talents could not have recommended him at any time.她和父亲的关系这是一篇历史类的小说This passage is from Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," originally published in 1889. Arriving penniless in Pennsylvania from Scotland in 1848, Carnegie became one of the richest people in the UnitedStates through the manufacture of steel.“The problem of our age is the proper administration of wealth, that the ties of brotherhood may still bind together the rich and poor in harmonious relationship. The conditions of human life have not only been changed, but revolutionized, within the past few hundred years. In former days there was little difference between the dwelling, dress, food, and environment of the chief and those of his retainers. . . . The contrast between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with us today measures the change which has come with civilization.作者指出了时代问题，同时描述了社会背景“This change, however, is not to be deplored, but welcomed as highly beneficial. It is well, nay, essential, for the progress of the race that the houses of some should be homes for all that is highest and best in literature and the arts, and for all the refinements of civilization, rather than that none should be so. Much better this great irregularity than universal squalor. Without wealth there can be no Maecenas.* (Follow link to endnote.) The “good old times” were not good old times. Neither master nor servant was as well situated then as to day. A relapse to old conditions would be disastrous to both—not the least so to him who serves—and would sweep away civilization with it. But whether the change be for good or ill, it is upon us, beyond our power to alter, and, therefore, to be accepted and made the best of. It is a waste of time to criticize the inevitable.作者发表观点，认为改变没有不好，人们应该接受必然的到来“It is easy to see how the change has come. One illustration will serve for almost every phase of the cause. In the manufacture of products we have the whole story. It applies to all combinations of human industry, as stimulated and enlarged by the inventions of this scientific age. Formerly, articles were manufactured at the domestic hearth, or in small shops, which formed part of the household. The master and his apprentices worked side by side, the latter living with the master, and therefore subject to the same conditions. When these apprentices rose to be masters, there was little or no change in their mode of life, and they, in turn, educated succeeding apprentices in the same routine. There was, substantially, social equality, and even political equality, for those engaged in industrial pursuits had then little or no voice in the State.作者详细描述过去的制造业，用以解释变化如何到来“The inevitable result of such a mode of manufacture was crude articles at high prices. Today the world obtains commodities of excellent quality at prices, which even the preceding generation would have deemed incredible. In the commercial world similar causes have produced similar results, and the race is benefited thereby. The poor enjoy what the rich could not before afford. What were the luxuries have become the necessaries of life. The laborer has now more comforts than the farmer had a few generations ago. The farmer has more luxuries than the landlord had, and is more richly clad and better housed. The landlord has books and pictures rarer and appointments more artistic than the king could then obtain.作者指出制造业的改变带来的前后对比“The price we pay for this salutary change is, no doubt, great. We assemble thousands of operatives in the factory, and in the mine, of whom the employer can know little or nothing, and to whom he is little better than a myth. All intercourse between them is at an end. Rigid castes are formed, and, as usual, mutual ignorance breeds mutual distrust. Each caste is without sympathy for the other, and ready to credit anything disparaging in regard to it. Under the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies, among which the rates paid to labor figure prominently, and often there is friction between the employer and the employed, between capital and labor, between rich and poor. Human society loses homogeneity.作者指出了这种变化的代价：劳资冲突“The price which society pays for the law of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is also great; but the advantages of this law are also greater still than its cost—for it is to this law that we owe our wonderful material development, which brings improved conditions in its train.作者指出了这种变化是利大于弊的*Endnote.Gaius Maecenas (70 to 8 B.C.E.) was a great patron of the arts.。
新SAT官方指南阅读第十八篇全解析
新SAT官方指南阅读第十八篇全解析This passage is adapted from Emily Anthes,Frankenstein's Cat.©2013by Emily Anthes.When scientists first learned how to edit the genomes of animals,they began to imagine all the ways they could use this new power.Creating brightly colored novelty pets was not a highpriority.Instead,most researchers envisioned far more consequential applications,hoping tocreate genetically engineered animals that saved human lives.One enterprise is now delivering on 5this dream.Welcome to the world of“pharming,”in which simple genetic tweaks turn animals into living pharmaceutical factories.Many of the proteins that our cells crank out naturally make for good medicine.Our bodies’own enzymes,hormones,clotting factors,and antibodies are commonly used to treat cancer,diabetes,autoimmune diseases,and more.The trouble is that it’s difficult and expensive to make 10these compounds on an industrial scale,and as a result,patients can face shortages of themedicines they need.Dairy animals,on the other hand,are expert protein producers,their udders swollen with milk.So the creation of the first transgenic animals—first mice,then otherspecies—in the1980s gave scientists an idea:What if they put the gene for a human antibody or enzyme into a cow,goat,or sheep?If they put the gene in just the right place,under the control of the right molecular switch,maybe they could engineer animals that produced healing human15proteins in their milk.Then doctors could collect medicine by the bucketful.Throughout the1980s and’90s,studies provided proof of principle,as scientists created transgenic mice,sheep,goats,pigs,cattle,and rabbits that did in fact make therapeutic compounds in their milk.At first,this work was merely gee-whiz,scientific geekery,lab-bound thought20experiments come true.That all changed with ATryn,a drug produced by the Massachusetts firm GTC Biotherapeutics.ATryn is antithrombin,an anticoagulant that can be used to preventlife-threatening blood clots.The compound,made by our liver cells,plays a key role in keeping our bodies clot-free.It acts as a molecular bouncer,sidling up to clot-forming compounds andescorting them out of the bloodstream.But as many as1in2,000Americans are born with a25genetic mutation that prevents them from making antithrombin.These patients are prone to clots, especially in their legs and lungs,and they are at elevated risk of suffering from fatalcomplications during surgery and childbirth.Supplemental antithrombin can reduce this risk,and GTC decided to try to manufacture the compound using genetically engineered goats.To create its special herd of goats,GTC used microinjection,the same technique that30produced GloFish and AquAdvantage salmon.The company’s scientists took the gene for human antithrombin and injected it directly into fertilized goat eggs.Then they implanted the eggs in the wombs of female goats.When the kids were born,some of them proved to be transgenic,thehuman gene nestled safely in their cells.The researchers paired the antithrombin gene with apromoter(which is a sequence of DNA that controls gene activity)that is normally active in the 35goat’s mammary glands during milk production.When the transgenic females lactated,thepromoter turned the transgene on and the goats’udders filled with milk containing antithrombin.All that was left to do was to collect the milk,and extract and purify the protein.Et voilà—human medicine!And,for GTC,liquid gold.ATryn hit the market in2006,becoming the world’s firsttransgenic animal drug.Over the course of a year,the“milking parlors”on GTC’s300-acre farm 40in Massachusetts can collect more than a kilogram of medicine from a single animal.22、The primary purpose of the passage is toA)present the background of a medical breakthrough.B)evaluate the research that led to a scientific discovery.C)summarize the findings of a long-term research project.D)explain the development of a branch of scientific study.正确答案：A分析：文章的重点是介绍基因工程发展的背景（注：pharming在这里应理解成基因工程或基因改造）。
2017年5月SAT亚太真题阅读(5)
2017年5月SAT亚太真题阅读(5)第五篇自然科学植物进化错综复杂的故事This passageis adapted from Catherine Clabby, “A Tangled Tale of PlantEvolution.” ©2009 by Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society.题目：植物进化的错综复杂的故事【解析】动物、植物、微生物、病毒都是SAT非常喜欢出题的题材。
As ancestors of land plants abandoned their aquaticnurseries for life on shore, they needed the means to seal in water and holdthemselves up to thrive. Lignin, a strengthening and stiffening polymer commonin woody plant cells, contributes to both extremely well.【阐释】提到在陆生植物的祖先所具有的一种柔韧而坚硬的物质Ligin，及其作用。
介绍物质L，背景性信息。
【单词】hold up：to maintain one's position orcondition; endure:【翻译】在陆地植物的祖先逐渐遗弃水中庇护之地，上岸生活过程中，他们得有办法在密闭的水中挺立，才能繁茂生长。
Ligin『木质素』一种柔韧坚硬的聚合物，常见于木本植物细胞中，能极好的满足这两方面的需求。
Lignin production for those tasks was considered a keyadaptive achievement of vascular plants, which descend from green algae. Now a University of British Columbia botanist and some highlyspecialized chemists have strong evidence for lignin in a red alga called Calliarthroncheilosporioides.【阐释】陆地植物是从“水生植物”绿藻进化而来，所以在绿藻中有物质L，是非常正常的。
新SAT阅读真题原文解析
新SAT阅读真题原文解析新SAT阅读真题原文来啦~和小编一起来看看SAT阅读都考了哪些内容吧!Unfortunately or fortunately, Nawab hadmarried early in life a sweet woman of unsurpassed fertility, whom he adored,and she proceeded to bear him children spaced, if not less than nine monthsapart, then not that much more. And all daughters, one after another afteranother, until finally the looked-for son arrived, leaving Nawab with acomplete set of twelve girls, ranging from toddler to age eleven, and one oddpiece. If he had been governor of the Punjab, their dowries would have beggaredhim. For an electrician and mechanic, no matter how light-fingered, thereseemed no question of marrying them all off. No moneylender in his right mindwould, at any rate of interest, advance a sufficient sum to buy the necessaryitems for each daughter: beds, a dresser, trunks, electric fans, dishes, sixsuits of clothes for the groom, six for the bride, perhaps a television, and onand on and on.Another man might have thrown up hishands—but not Nawabdin. The daughters acted asa spur to his genius, and helooked with satisfaction in the mirror each morning at the face of a warriorgoing out to do battle. Nawab of course knew that he must proliferate hissources of revenue—the salary he received from K. K. Harouni for tending thetube wells would not even begin to suffice. He set up a one-room flour mill,run off a condemned electric motor—condemned by him. He tried his hand atfish-farming in a pond at the edge of one of his master’s fields. He boughtbroken radios, fixed them, and resold them. He did not demur even when asked tofix watches, although that enterprise did spectacularly badly, and earned himmore kicks than kudos, for no watch he took apart ever kept time again.K. K. Harouni lived mostly in Lahore andrarely visited his farms. Whenever the old man did visit, Nawab would placehimself night and day at the door leading from the servants’ sitting area intothe walled grove of ancient banyan trees where the old farmhouse stood.Grizzled, his peculiar aviator glasses bent and smudged, Nawab tended thehousehold machinery, the air-conditioners, water heaters, refrigerators, andpumps, like an engineer tending the boilers on a foundering steamer in anAtlantic gale. By his superhuman efforts, he almost managed to maintain K. K.Harouni in the same mechanical cocoon, cooled and bathed and lighted and fed,that the landowner enjoyed in Lahore.Harouni, of course, became familiar with thisubiquitous man, who not only accompanied him on his tours of inspection butcould be found morning and night standing on the master bed rewiring the lightfixture or poking at the water heater in the bathroom. Finally, one evening atteatime, gauging the psychological moment, Nawab asked if he might say a word.The landowner, who was cheerfully filing his nails in front of a cracklingrosewood fire, told him to go ahead.“Sir, as you know, your lands stretch fromhere to the Indus, and on these lands are fully seventeen tube wells, and totend these seventeen tube wells there is but one man, me, yourservant. In yourservice I have earned these gray hairs”—here he bowed his head to show thegray—“and now I cannot fulfill my duties as I should. Enough, sir, enough. Ibeg you, forgive me my weakness. Better a darkened house and proud hungerwithin than disgrace in the light of day. Release me, I ask you, I beg you.”The old man, well accustomed to these sortsof speeches, though not usually this florid, filed away at his nails and waitedfor the breeze to stop.“What’s the matter, Nawabdin?”“Matter, sir? Oh, what could be the matter inyour service? I’ve eaten your salt for all my years. But, sir, on the bicyclenow, with my old legs, and with the many injuries I’ve received when heavymachinery fell on me—I cannot any longer bicycle about like a bridegroom fromfarm to farm, as I could when I first had the good fortune to enter yourservice. I beg you, sir, let me go.”“And what is the solution?” Harouni asked,seeing that they had come to the crux. He didn’t particularly care one way orthe other, except that it touched on his comfort—a matter of great interest tohim.“Well, sir, if I had a motorcycle, then Icould somehow limp along, at least until I train up some younger man.”The crops that year had been good, Harounifelt expansive in front of the fire, and so, much to the disgust of the farmmanagers, Nawab received a brand-new motorcycle, a Honda 70. He even managed toextract an allowance for gasoline.The motorcycle increased his status, gave himweight, so that people began calling him Uncle and asking his opinion on worldaffairs, about which he knew absolutely nothing. He could now range farther,doing much wider business. Best of all, now he could spend every night with hiswife, who early in the marriage had begged to live not in Nawab’s quarters inthe village but with her family in Firoza, near the only girls’ school in thearea. A long straight road ran from the canal headworks near Firoza all the wayto the Indus, through the heart of the K. K. Harouni lands. The road ran on thebed of an old highway built when these lands lay within a princely state. Somehundred and fifty years ago, one of the princes had ridden that way, going to awedding or a funeral in this remote district, felt hot, and ordered thatrosewood trees be planted to shade the passersby. Within a few hours, he forgotthat he had given the order, and in a few dozen years he in turn was forgotten,but these trees still stood, enormous now, some of them dead and loomingwithout bark, white and leafless. Nawab would fly down this road on his newmachine, with bags and streamers hanging from every knob and brace, so that thebike, when he hit a bump, seemed to be flapping numerous small vestigial wings;and with his grinning face, as he rolled up to whichever tube well neededservicing, with his ears almost blown off, he shone with the speed of hisarrival.。
2023年SAT英语阅读真题
2023年SAT英语阅读真题2023年SAT英语阅读考试将涵盖多个主题和文本类型，以评估学生在阅读理解方面的能力。
以下是一些示例题目，供学生们了解考试形式和要求。
题目1：Passage 1：In recent years, there has been a growing interest in sustainable agriculture, which focuses on environmentally friendly farming practices. Sustainable agriculture aims to minimize the negative impact on ecosystems, reduce the use of chemical inputs, and promote biodiversity. While it is a promising approach to address the environmental challenges, there are also concerns about its economic feasibility and scalability.Passage 2：One of the key components of sustainable agriculture is organic farming. Organic farming relies on natural fertilizers and biological pest control methods, instead of synthetic chemicals. This not only reduces the pollution of soil and water, but also improves the quality and nutritional value of crops. However, organic farming often requires more labor and expertise, leadingto higher production costs and limited scalability.Passage 3：Another aspect of sustainable agriculture is precision farming, which utilizes advanced technologies such as GPS and remote sensing to optimizethe use of resources. Precision farming allows farmers to monitor and manage their fields more efficiently, thereby reducing waste and enhancing productivity. Despite its potential benefits, precision farming requires substantial initial investments, making it less accessible to small-scale farmers.题目2：Passage 1：The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected devices that can collect and exchange data without human intervention. This technology has the potential to revolutionize various industries, including healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing. However, there are also concerns about privacy and security risks associated with the massive amount of data generated by IoT devices.Passage 2：One of the applications of IoT is in healthcare, where connected devices can monitor patients' vital signs and provide real-time data to healthcare professionals. This enables early detection of health issues and timely interventions, improving patient outcomes. Nevertheless, the collection and storage of personal health data raise concerns about privacy breaches and unauthorized access.Passage 3：IoT also plays a significant role in smart cities, where sensors and devices are used to monitor and manage various aspects of urban life, suchas traffic flow, air quality, and energy consumption. This allows cities to become more efficient, sustainable, and livable. However, the reliance on interconnected devices also exposes cities to cyber threats, such as hacking and data manipulation.题目3：Passage 1：The concept of universal basic income (UBI) has gained attention in recent years as a solution to income inequality and job displacement caused by automation. UBI proposes providing a periodic cash payment to all individuals, regardless of their employment status. Proponents argue that UBI can guarantee a basic standard of living and promote economic stability and social justice. However, critics raise concerns about the affordability and potential disincentive to work.Passage 2：UBI experiments have been conducted in several countries, providing valuable insights into its impact on society. For example, the pilot program in Finland showed that UBI recipients experienced less stress and improved overall well-being. However, the program did not lead to a significant increase in employment rates. This raises questions about the long-term sustainability and effectiveness of UBI as a policy.Passage 3：UBI also poses challenges in terms of funding and implementation. Critics argue that financing UBI would require significant tax increases orbudget reallocation, which could negatively affect the economy. Moreover, determining the appropriate amount of UBI and eligibility criteria is a complex and subjective task, which may result in unintended consequences and dependency on government support.以上是2023年SAT英语阅读真题的内容描述。
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SAT阅读中的科学文章了解了SAT阅读中常考的黑人、女人以及亚非拉等生活在美国的少数名族等题材之后，并不意味着SAT阅读所有的背景知识就全部掌握了，这就要说到很多中国考生为之色变的一类题材——科学了。
由于社科教育在中国一直不被重视，导致很多考生碰到科学类题目便毫无头绪。
巴斯德的曲颈瓶实验，美洲大陆人类的迁徙过程，恐龙化石，地下湖的成因……这些文章是很多考生的“噩梦”。
生物学、人类学、考古学、地质学……林林总总的长篇大论，考生读完文章后一头雾水。
而且近些年来SAT阅读也不仅仅只是停留在过去的科学成就上，某一个学科或现象的发展、最新科学研究和发现出现得越来越多。
所以要是大家能够在平时的生活中多关注最新科学发展动态，并适时积累，对于SAT阅读考试中的科学类题目无疑是可以有很大的帮助。
今天，2月29日，在这个四年才一次的特殊日子里，许老师要跟大家分享一篇自己在《华尔街日报》上看到的关于计量时间的文章，让大家一起来了解一下地球自转速度怎样导致了闰年（leap year）、闰日（leap day）、闰秒（leap second）的出现，以及现今的计时方式使春分、秋分（spring and autumn equinox）这些现象产生了怎样的变化。
文章内容：The Drama of Measuring the Days of Our LivesHumanity's efforts to impose order on time don't always go like clockwork.There was the Y2K computer-programming fiasco, as the world entered the year 2000. Then there are the seconds that have to be added to the clock occasionally—the next one is in June—to make our definition of a day match the ever-so-slight slowing of the Earth's rotation. And spare a thought for the Swedish couple who married 300 years ago but whose anniversary has never appeared on any calendar.写在4年来最不寻常的一天 <wbr>2月29天Sven Hall wed Ellna Jeppsdotter in Ystad, Sweden, on Feb. 30, 1712—a day that existed only because of Protestant Europe's fumbling transition from the Julian calendar system to an approximation of the Gregorian system. Sweden had tried to change gradually before realizing it was out of sync with everyone else, says Bengt Danielson, assistant archivaldirector of the Demographical Database for Southern Sweden. The nation tried to get back in line by adding two leap days to 1712. But it was four decades before Sweden made the wholesale switch from the Julian calendar.In the centuries since, society has improved its reckoning of time and synchronization of watches across borders. But it continues to use a relatively ancient system for tweaking time by adding leap days—such as next week's Feb. 29—that some astronomers say isn't the ideal mathematical solution to the problem that a year is a bit longer than 365 days. Add in the unpredictable variability in the length of years, and the calendar continues to defy simple computation."The calendar isn't a mathematical thing," says Robert Poole, a historian at the University of Cumbria in Lancaster, England, and author of a book on calendar reform in England. "All attempts to systematize calendars are misguided."Yet history is dotted with attempts to systematize calendars. The Julian calendar was named for Julius Caesar, who instituted it in 46 B.C. after recognizing that the time it takes for the Earth to orbit the sun isn't neatly divisible by the time it takes for the Earth to rotate about its axis.Caesar added a leap year every four years, which was almost right. But the almost added up. Those extra leap days made the average year too long, shifting annual phenomena—such as the spring and autumn equinox—earlier than their normal seasonal dates by 10 days by 1582. Since the date of Easter is tied to the spring equinox, Pope Gregory XIII sought to overhaul the calendar, skipping 10 days and then removing three leap years every 400 years.In Gregory's time, England had just emerged from a schism with the church and wasn't eager to follow papal authority. Enter John Dee—"variously listed as an astronomer, mathematician, magician and mystic; today one might even call him a crackpot," says Geoff Chester, a spokesman for the U.S. Naval Observatory, which plays a key role in counting world time today.写在4年来最不寻常的一天 <wbr>2月29天Petr Skala walking on a ledge Friday during his weekly maintenance of the famous astronomical clock in Prague, Czech Republic. The clock was first installed in 1410, making it the third-oldest astronomical clock in the world and possibly the oldest one still working.Dee suggested to Queen Elizabeth a cycle of eight leap years every 33 years. The leap years would come every fourth year starting with the fourth of the cycle, putting a five-year gap between the last leap year of the cycle and the first of the next cycle. Dee didn't invent the system, says Duncan Steel, an astronomer at the Australian Centre for Astrobiology and author of a book about calendar history. A variant of the system remains in use in Iran today, a millennium after Persians first used one like it.The average year in the Gregorian system lasts exactly 365.2425 days, compared with the average year in the Dee system of a touch over 365.2424 days. The latter is closer to the actual time it takes the Earth to rotate around the sun, about 365.242 days, says Dr. Steel.Still, Dee was ultimately unsuccessful, and most of the world eventually fell into line with a uniform calendar.But that hasn't run out the clock on calendar problems. Another complication is that years are measured in days, and days are getting longer as tides create friction and slow the Earth's rotation. The length of the second has been fixed to the oscillation frequency of Cesium-133, using a duration that once corresponded to 1/86,400th of a day. But today—and tomorrow—are longer than the 86,400 seconds clocks world-wide include in a day by about one or two milliseconds—the gap changes daily.To rectify that shift, the world's timekeepers have agreed to add so-called leap seconds whenever the drift nears a second, typically at midnight London time—the minute starting at 11:59 p.m. has 61 seconds.As the day grows longer, somewhat unpredictably, there are fractionally fewer days in the year, and so eventually, in the very longrun, today's calendar may need to be amended once more. But then, that should be expected, says Steve Allen, an astronomer at the University of California who maintains a website with research about the leap second."It is extraordinary hubris for any civilization to presume that its calendar will still be in use in 1,000 years," he says.看完这篇文章，很多同学可能会觉得比较难，其实大家仔细找的话会发现里面没有特别复杂的词汇。