上海市2019届高三英语一模. 高考英语系列
黄浦区2018-2019学年第一学期期末质量试卷高三英语（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2018.12Ⅰ.listening(略）II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs?If you say___21___toilet seat,you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list.But cell phones are pretty dirty too.They contain around10times as many germs as toilet seats.People touch their phones,laptops,and other digital devices all day long,yet rarely clean them.In one incident,a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone.He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola.The phone’s owner reported the theft before___22___（die）from the disease.Soon,the thief began showing symptoms and finally___23___（confess）to the crime. ___24___in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria,not all germs are bad.Most cause no harm. In fact,they could provide helpful information.Look at the surface of your phone carefully.Do you see some dirty mars?“That's all you,”says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell.“That’s biological information.”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from___25___ of your friends and family.They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you.Some day in the future,investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes.Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.In a2017study,researchers sampled a range of surfaces in22participants’homes,___26___countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice.Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner.The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner.In an___27___（early）study,a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who___28___（use）a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day,microbial signatures might show___29___people have gone and what they have touched.They could prove___30___an unmarked device is yours.So,sure,your phone is pretty germy.Does that inspire you,or does it just bother you?Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.measurementB.similarC.remarkablyD.monetaryE.astronomyF.alteredG.civilization H.defined I.independence J.invariably K.dominatedThe NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’.The Egyptians depend on the river for food,for water and for life.The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile,creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous___31___.Snaking through the deserts,the Nile would flood almost___32___each year in June.Once the water subsided,a rich deposit of sand was left behind,making an excellent topaoil.Seeds were sown,yielding wheat, barley,beans,lentils and leeks.Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians,so during the dry seasons,they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land.They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of___33___a Nilometer,was used to determine the size of the ter,during the New Kingdom,a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions.Without a(n)___35___system they exchanged goods,bringing back timber,precious stones,pottery,spices and animals.Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___advanced:surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）.Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease,and discoveries were often confused with superstition（迷信）.And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in1882.What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won___38___from Britain after World WarⅡ.The Suez Canal,opened in1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation.But it,and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971___40___the ecology of the Nile,which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than76million-the largest in the Arab world.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty CitiesWater covers71%of Earth’s surface yet only2%of it is accessible as a source of fresh water.___41___on this limited resources is rising,a trend likely to continue.It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who___42___water.Agriculture,industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply.Globally,70%of fresh water is___43___for agriculture,but locally in heavily irrigated（灌溉）areas this can increase to90%.A healthy environment also requires fresh water,and the quality of available water is as important as its___44___.Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas.___45___for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.Every thirsty city operates within its own context,___46___to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies.Cape Town,___47___,has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize.At the end of the2017rainy season the city faced the___48___of its dams running dry during2018.The dams were only37%full—in the same week four years before they were full to the top.In January2018,it was___49___that Cape Town would reach Day Zero,when it would be forced to turn off the taps,in April.This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half,from1.2billion litres a day in2015to fewer than600million litres,and working___50___with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.On February1,the authorities put in place a strict limit of50litres of water per person per day.___51___, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.In addition,a ban was placed on using___52___water for gardens,water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks.At the same,the city launched a media___53___to change habits and introduced higher duties.This is not without its costs;agriculture and tourism,both significant areas of employment,have___54___.It is a classic example of the problem of water economics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm.The___55___of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future.41.A.Impact B.Pressure C.Impression D.Observation42.A.recycle B.waste C.consume D.apply43.A.restored B.abstracted C.separated D.preserved44.A.change B.source C.origin D.volumepetition B.Protection C.Construction D.Regulation46.A.contributing B.regarding C.responding D.referring47.A.in addition B.for example C.on the contrary D.as a result48.A.prospect B.illustration C.symptom D.security49.A.reported B.presented C.predicted D.explained50.A.respectively B.increasingly C.restrictively D.extensively51.A.By comparison B.In other words C.To our surprise D.What’s more52.A.feasible B.drinkable C.inevitable D.influential53.A.campaign B.statement C.presentation D.advertisement54.A.invaded B.liberated C.suffered D.proceeded55.A.change B.theory C.record D.threatSection B(A)Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall special effects,“Bridge of Terabithia”is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy.Adapting Katherine Paterson’s award-winning novel,the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformativefriendship between two unusually gifted children.The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.Jess Aarons(Josh Hutcherson)is a sixth grader with four sisters,financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing.An introverted(内向的)kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses,Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie(Anna Sophia Robb),a free spirit whose parents,both writers,are fondly neglectful.An attraction between outsiders,their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures;together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes,a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life,“Bridge to Terabithia”keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday.Gabor Csupo directs this,his first feature,like someone close to the pain of being different,fascinated in tiny,perfect details.With strong performances from all the leads,“Bridge to Terabithia”is able to handle adult topics with sensitivity.As the emotional landscape darkens,those who haven’t read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the filmmakers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror.In other words,your children may cry,but they won’t be traumatized so badly.Consistently smart and delicate as a spider web,“Bridge to Terabithia”is the kind of children’s movie rarely seen nowadays.At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music and art from the curriculum,the story’s insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential.56.The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie________.A.lost their control over the imaginary kingdomB.looked down on their individual realitiesC.formed a good friendship despite their different talentsD.wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia57.Which of the following words is most likely to replace“traumatized”(paragraph4)?A.criticizedB.ignoredC.delightedD.shocked58.The two children most likely________.A.skipped school to play in the woods behind their campusB.created an imaginary world as an escape from realityC.disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginationsD.won against the bullies at school with strong performances59.Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?A.The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.B.The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.C.“Bridge to Terabithia”has a negative impact on public school education.D.Children shouldn’t watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics.(B)Hot Air BalloonsA hot air balloon is made up of3main parts:The EnvelopeThe actual fabric balloon whichholds the airThe BurnerThe unit which pushes the heat upinto the envelopeThe BasketWhere the passengers and pilotstandThe basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air.This is because hot air is lighter than cool air as it has less mass per unit of volume.Mass can be defined by the measure of how much matter something contains.The actual balloon has to be large as it takes a large amount of heated air to lift it off the ground.The burner uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the air.The pilot must keep firing the burner at regular intervals throughout the flight to ensure that the balloon continues to the stable.Naturally,the hot air will not escape from the hot at the very bottom of the envelop as firstly, hot air rises and secondly,the floating power keeps it moving up.To move the balloon upwards,the pilot opens up the propane value which lets the propane flow to the burner which in turn frees the flame up into the envelope.It works in much the same way as a gas grill:the more you open the valve,the bigger the flame to beat the air and the faster the balloon rises.The“Parachute Valve”at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the balloon down towards the ground.It is a circle of fabric cut out of the top of the envelop which is controlled by a rope which runs down through the middle of the envelope to the basket.If the pilot wants to bring the balloon down,he or she simply pulls on the rope which will open the valve,letting hot air escape,decreasing the inner air temperature.This cooling of air causes the balloon to slow its rise.The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind blows in different directions at different altitudes.If the pilot wants to move in a particular direction,he or she simply arises and falls to the appropriate level and rides with the wind.60.The purpose of this article is to__________.A.explain how hot air balloons workB.illustrate why hot air balloons are usefulC.describe hot air balloons’structurerm readers about how hot air balloons are made61.What would happen if the“Parachute Valve”could not be released after it was opened?A.The inside of the balloon would continue to heat up.B.The balloon would climb up more rapidlyC.The self-sealing valve would need to take over the role of the Parachute Valve.D.The balloon would begin to move down more rapidly.62.Which of the following skills or knowledge would be the most useful to a balloon pilot?A.The ability to sew the panels of fabric together to make a balloon.B.An understanding of how propane gas is manufactured.C.A knowledge of the background of passengers who are travelling in the balloon.D.A knowledge of air currents and wind directions in the area where he is piloting the balloon.(C)The surface of Venus has never seemed very hospitable.Temperatures change around470°C(900°F),the result of a runway greenhouse effect,and the pressure of its atmosphere,thick with carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid(硫酸),is some90times that of Earth’s.Lead(铅)would flow like water on Venus,and water cannot have existed in liquid form for perhaps a billion years.Now NASA’S Magellan spacecraft seems to have found one more horror in the nasty landscape:active st week the space agency released the first detailed map of Venus and the most dramatic images ever made of its surface.The picture offer the best evidence to date that a planet once assumed dead is actually a lively pot of geological change.The most amazing image is of Venus’s second tallest mountain,Maat Mons,which rises8km(5miles).Most of the planet’s many peaks,including9.5-km-(6-mile-)high Maxwell Montes,look bright in the radar pictures Magellan takes from its orbit above the permanent could cover.That means they are strong reflectors of radar waves.But Maat Mons is dark;like the Stealth bomber,it absorbs much of the radar falling on it.This interesting fact,say project scientists,is a strong hint that the mountains has recently been covered with lava(熔岩).Rock that sits on the surface of mountaintops appears to weather quickly in the hot,chemically reactive atmosphere,creating a soil that is rich in iron sulfide(硫化铁).It is this mineral,the scientists believe,that can easily be seen on radar.If Maat Mons doesn’t have any,it has probably been resurfaced,perhaps within the past few years.Such resurfacing has undoubtedly taken place in Venus lowlands:earlier images of the planet showed vast areas that are remarkably free of craters(火山坑).That would be easy to explain on a Planet like Earth,where cratering from meteor strikes is erased by steady erosion.But while there is some evidence of wind erosion on Venus,the best explanation for the lack of cratering is periodic lava flow.Magellan has found direct evidence of such flows,including dome like upwellings and hardened streamed of rock trailing down the sides of Venusian peaks.There are also signs of other geologic activities,including dramatic faulting and several distinct incidents of mountain building.But the evidence can’t indicate whether they really occurred millions of years ago.The case for active Venusian volcanoes is not yet proved,but Magellan,which is now well into its second complete survey of the planet’s surface,may eventually settle the issue.63.Which of the following has NO possibility to be found on Venus now?A.Carbon dioxideB.Sulfuric acidC.Liquid waterD.Active volcanoes64.The scientists believe that_________shows up easily on radar.A.geological changeB.iron sulfideC.mountain mineralva flow65.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The resurfacing has changed the images of the vast areas in Venus lowlands.B.The wind erosion on Venus is caused by periodic lava flowsC.Streams of rock trailing down the side of Venusian peaks can be seen on EarthD.Other geologic activities have caused dramatic and unbelievable climate phenomenon.66.What can be inferred from the passage?A.NASA’S Magallan spacecraft fails to stand the environment of Venus.B.There is clear and confirmed evidence for the active Venusian volcanoes on Venus.C.Some evidence of periodic lava flows has been found by NASA astronauts.D.Magellan will conduct a follow-up complete survey of the Venus’surface.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.However,facial recognition seems merely to encode them.B.Research show that artificial intelligence can reconstruct the facial structures of people.C.Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.D.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces.E.Continuous facial recording that paints computerized data onto the real world might change the texture of social interactions.F.The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.Nowhere To Hide:What Machines Can Tell From Your FaceThe human face is a remarkable piece of work.67So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile.People spend much of their waking lives,in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom,reading faces,for signs of attraction,hostility,trust and deceit.They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings,intentions or nature.68In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’attendance;in Britain,by retailers to spot past shoplifters.This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game.In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers,permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile.Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen.Set against human skills,such applications might seem enhancive.Some breakthroughs,such as flight or the internet,obviously transform human abilities.69Although faces are peculiar to individuals,they are also public,so technology does not,at first sight,intrude on something that is private.And yet the ability to record,store and analyse images of faces cheaply,quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamentalchanges to notions of privacy,fairness and trust.70Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life.If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn,and your boss every hint of annoyance,marriages and working relationships will be more truthful,but less harmonious.The basis of social interactions might change,too,from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone’s face.Relationships might become more reasonable,but also transactional.IV.Summary Writing71.Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Sport TourismTourism is the world’s largest industry and is predicted to grow well into the years to come.Increasingly,the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by governments around the world.At the same time,the tourism industry has become more complicated in its development and marketing new forms of tourism.One of the fastest growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sport and physical activity.A recent survey found that while the traditional beach and sight-seeing vacations continue to predominate,22%of those surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel.It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism.The first category.Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships,and the Olympic games.Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.The second type of sport tourism,celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions.Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category.Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sports personalities.The cruise industry has been experienced in this area.Sports theme cruise such as“the NBA basketball cruise”arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.Active participation is the third category of sports tourism.This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf,skiing,and tennis in particular,although other sports such as fishing,and scuba diving are popular in the US.第II卷（共40分）V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。
【19一模】2019年上海市宝山区高三一模英语试卷
2019上海宝山高三英语一模试卷（word版）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the country (21) ______ (accept)by the Nazis. There isn't enough to eat, and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decide to "relocate" the country's Jewish population. The Danes don't know (22) ______ their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't know where they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War II, the Nazis (23)______ (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Starsis a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of the Jewish(24) ______ (rescue)during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much (25) ______ (big)than the story itself.Anemarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales. It's a real thing that affects real people. She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough(26)______ (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annemarie learns that(27) ______(be) brave doesn't mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) ______ you are afraid, That's heavy stuff for a children's novel.I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels. It has always been a popular choice. It uses simple language and sentences. It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques likeforeshadowing(预示). But it is also interesting,and the characters are (29)______ (engage). The plot is full of tension.Lois Lowry. The author, has written award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) ______ has made her so celebrated.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. commonB. votingC. effortsD. electedE. endF. protestingG. sayH. exercisedI. arguedJ. equalK. rightsIn most democracies today, people expect women to vote. Women are just as able to make decisions about their ___31___ leaders as men. But 200 years ago, most people didn't think so.As late as the middle of the 19 century only men voted in most Western countries. A few countries or states let women vote in local elections. But women voting was far from ____32____. At that time, people believed that women belonged in the home. That meant they should not get involved with public life.But women in Europe, North America and New Zealand began ___33___ this situation. They believed that they should have a(n) ____34___ in their government's leaders. In 1792 an English novelist named Mary Wollstonecraft ___35____that women should be able to vote, In the United States, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were important figures. They met while campaigning to put a(n) ___36___ to slavery. In the process, they decided that women also should have more ___37___.Yet despite the ___38___ of these women neither Great Britain nor the United States was the first country to let women vote. That honor goes to NewZealand, which changed their law on September 19, 1893. This was because of women like Kate Shepherd. She led a group that presentedpetitions(请愿书) to their parliament three years in a row. Shepherd is nowhonored on New Zealand's s10 bill.New Zealand was followed by Australia in 1902 and Finland in 19 zero six. By this time, some U.S. states and territories allowed women to vote. But the country as a whole didn't give women the right until after World War I.In many countries, the right to hold political office came along with the right to vote. And women have ___39___ that right. In many countries, women have even held their country's highest office. All of that is due to the efforts of women who fought for a(n) ___40___ voiceIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The search for new, clean energy sources have occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years. One common ___41___ for green energy is the wind. A new twist on this old resource could cause energy output of wind-power plants to increase greatly.Standard wind power plants rely on strong support and ___42___ can only reach the height of 200 meters or so. Higher than that, winds tend to be stronger and steadier, but the challenge is ___43___ how to obtain the energy from those winds.Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite-power research group. The group is working to develop kites with inflatable (可充气的) wings ___44___ to electrical generator (发电机) on the ground.The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for 24 hours. Research has begun, but many challenges remain, including making the generator more ___45___ and perfecting the automatic flight control and structure of the kites. Nevertheless, in June 2012, they demonstrated that their kites could operate ___46___ at an altitude of up to 700 meters.Meanwhile, in Italy, researchers are working on a(n) ___47___ power generator that relies on kites when the generator called KiteGen, senses wind blowing, kites are ___48___ from the end of poles with high-resistance cables to control their height and angle. These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses coming object ___49___ planes, helicopters or even individual birds. The kites themselves are light, tough and able to reach fairly high altitude. The loop (绕行) around in the wind, which sets thecenter of the generator in emotion ___50___ electric current.KiteGen has the ___51___ to be very cost-effective in the long run. After the original cost of designing and setting up the plant, little ___52___ investment will be necessary, apart from standard maintenance. The plant also requires ___53___ little space, which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more ___54___.Kite power has the potential to greatly ___55___ on current wind power strategies. In the future, it may be an efficient cost efficient supplement to the other sources of energy use or even a replacement for some of them41. A resolution B. proposal C. resource D. substitute42. A. generally B. frequently C. continually D. regularly43. A. carrying out B. figuring out C. breaking out D. picking out44. A. chosen B. applied C. collected D. connected45. A. efficient B. complete C. powerful D. positive46. A. actively B. passively C. automatically D. artificially47. A. strange B. similar C. different D. original48. A. fastened B. revealed C. tailored D. released49. A. except for B. instead of C. such as D. due to50. A. producing B. inventing C. promoting D. developing51. A. qualification B. potential C. trend D. intention52. A. normal B. formal C. additional D. alternate53. A. concretely B.abstractly C thoroughly D. relatively54. A. energy B. strength C. technology D. opportunity55. A. focus B. extend C. improve D. transfer Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Many people experience problems with their spine(脊椎) as they age. The tissue that protects the joints in the spine gradually breaks down. As a consequence, the bones, in the spine begin to rub against each other. This further harms that issue as well as the bones. The result is pain in the joints and, sometimes, in nerves near the spineThis painful problem is actually a disease called osteoporosis. Some people are more at risk of osteoporosis because of genes that they inherited from their ancestors. Extremely heavy people are also more likely to suffer from this disease because their extra weight puts much pressure on their joints. Fortunately, there are steps that people can take to help prevent osteoporosis from developing in their spine.The most important step is exercise. Stretches can help the muscles around the spine relax and allow bones to shift into better alignment(排列), Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around the spine. However, people should not overdo these exercises as repeated motions can strain the muscles around the spine. Trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique can have the same effect.Another important factor is diet. It affects the health of spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. These include B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, all of which helps keep nerves healthy. People can get more B vitamin and omega 3 fatty acids by taking supplements sold by stores. Another important factor is vitamin D. which is essential for strong bones. All of these vitamins and acids can be obtained from food. Thus people can help themselves by including them in their daily diets56 What does this article mainly explain?A. Various aspects of a medical condition.B. The actions of viruses that cause illnesses.C. Drugs often used to solve the physical issue.D. The location of organs in the human body.57. How does the writer begin this article?A. By predicting improvement.B. By analyzing a series of data.C. By introducing minor injuries.D. By describing a gradual process58. What can readers find in this article?A. A warning about working out too hard.B. A method for improving sleep quality.C. A slogan used to promote health classes.D. A big criticism often aimed at doctors.59. What does the article imply about supplement?A. They are mainly for youngsters.B. They are commercial products.C. They are now being researched.D. They are seldom truly effective(B)In late March of 2018.a tear in the earth about 15 meters wide and 20 meters deep suddenly appeared in Kenya, it cut across roads and even split houses in two. This crack appeared out of nowhere after heavy rains and an increase in seismic activity. Some scientists believe that it is further proof that Africa is slowly splitting apart.Once a very long time ago, Africa and south America were one landmass before they separated. Similarly, one day in the very distant future, a large part of East Africa will split off from the rest of the continent. This will create a new landmarks and a new ocean. The breakup is the result of plate tectonics, the gradual motion of different parts of the Earth's crust.When plates of the Earth separate and tear away from each other. It is called rifting. The result is rift valley. Scientists don't understand the exact mechanism behind rifting. But the result is very easy to observe in theEast African Rift System(EARS), That's why studying this part of the world is so important.The East African Rift system begins in the north in Ethiopia, where three plates are moving away from each other. Two of them are continental plates, the African and Arabian plates. They are tectonic plates that have a large landmass above water. The third is the Somali plate, considered a minor plate, which is steadily moving away from the other two. But don't plan on visiting the new ocean anytime soon. The plates are moving at a rate of about 6 millimeters a year. At the speed millions of years will pass before a new ocean is formed.EARS is not all bad news for Kenya. A rift valley is composed of an area where there is increased volcanic activity and thinned planetary crust. This makes it easier to take advantage of the power of steam. For Kenya, this might be an answer to the country's electrical problems. The drought conditions that frequently occur there make it difficult to produce energy.But the geothermal(地热的) power plants going online in 2019 will allowthem to produce clean energy with very little water.60 What can be concluded from the passage?A. A war will certainty breakout in Africa.B. A disaster will suddenly strike Africa.C. A geological structure will change in Africa.D. A new country will come into being in Africa61 Which of the following plates might be surrounded by water according to the passage?A. East Africa.B. Somali plate.C. Arabian plate.D. Africa plate.62. What problem may be solved in Kenya thanks to the cracking?A. Poverty.B. Economy.C.Drought.D. Energy.(C)Are you worried about money? If so, I have some good news for you. Someone once said, “If all your problems can be solved with money, then you don't have any.” I get the point. Unless you are on the edge of losing everything and living in your car (which is a very sad thing that happens to people every day), your perceptions of your problems may not be serving you well.Let's take a look. Can you pay your living expenses and support your family? If so you are OK. Even if you are a family that just barely breaks even every month, you have to count that as a blessing, Most of us also have those terrible, surprising unexpected bills. But unless you you’re your job or your mind, don't you always find a way to take care of those expenses?PERTINENT(切中要害的) QUESTIONSTo see if you worry too much about finances, ask yourself a couple of questions Do you wake up worried about money? Do you check your bank balance and look at upcoming bills more than once every few days or even multiple times a day? If so, then you may have a little financial insecurity going on. Let's look at getting it under control. If it's making you crazy, it can make your family a little crazy too. This type of anxiousness is passedon to others, which is important to remember whenever you have the urge to share your fears.TOO MUCH INFORMATIONTMI (too much information) happens because it seems that by releasing Pent-up(压抑的)feelings of anxiety you will feel better and hopefully more supported and that this can happen but not with your loved ones because they will take all your fair and magnify it. Talk instead with your financial advisor, your bank manager or your therapist. Laying your financial fears at the feet of your family is not good for them or for you. Yes, be honest about any problems, but if you get emotional, so will those closest to you POSITIVE ACTIONIt's hard to be this passionate about money, but honestly, it's really the best way to get this issue solved. You have to look at it from a practical standpoint. Go over your debts, look closely at your assets and determine the best thing for you to do with your time right now.Maybe you need to use this time to get your books and other only your computer or use it to job hunt or to promote your business. Then again you may need to hire an accountant and go on some interviews. The point is simple: the only way to relieve yourself of the uncomfortable feeling of financial pressure is to take some kind of positive action.63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Financial problems are not vital ones in everyone's daily life.B. You'd better calm down when you have financial problems.C. You needn't worry about unexpected bills even if you're out of work.D. When you have financial fears, remember to share feelings with others.64. The passage implies that ______.A. the best way to deal with money problem K to take positive actionB. as long as we share feelings with others, money fear will disappearC. we should have an optimistic attitude toward financial fearsD. any problem we meet can be solved with the help of money65. The phrase lay your financial fears at the feet of your family in the sixth paragraph probably means ______.A. to solve financial fears caused by your familyB. to help your family smartly avoid financial fearsC to make your family responsible for financial fearsD. to encourage your family to face financial fears bravely66. The best title of the passage is ______.A. Perceptions of money and valueGuilt is one of the most painful emotions that human experience but also one of the most common. Nobody enjoys feeling guilty, but this emotion serves an important purpose: It alerts a person when he or she has done something wrong. This enables the person to make amends and work to heal relationships that were damaged by their actions ____67____Nevertheless, guilt can be destructive if it is not dealt with in the right way, It can cause people to avoid others because they are too embarrassed to apologize for their actions or inactions. Some try to avoid at the pain of duty by turning to other worse habits. ____68____The proper response to guilt depends on what kind of guilt you're dealing with. For false guilty, it's important to recognize that the guilt does not reflect an actual ethical failure.For example, some false guilt focuses on failing to meet expectations you had for yourself. ___69___ No one is perfect, and no one can do everything, so admitting your limits is actually a sign of humility.It is also important to acknowledge what you're feeling. Even when you don't need to feel guilty, these feelings are real and normal, Try to balance them with positive thoughts, but realize that it often takes time for feelings to change.___70___ If so, don't try to conceal it. Apologize and ask for forgiveness. Learn from your mistakes, and try to avoid committing the same acts again. Getting on well with the person you hurt should make you guilty feeling fade.Guilt is painful, but it can serve a good purpose if you use it wellIV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Have you ever been involved in animal rescue? This is what happened to the Winter the dolphin. Winter was found off the coast of Florida in December of 2005. She was just a few months old, alone, and caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap were wrapped tightly around her body.The fisherman who found her called for help, and the rescue team soon arrived. The ropes had cut off the blood circulation to her tail. She was badly hurt. Her rescuers didn't think she would survive. Hoping for a miracle and racing against time to save her, the rescuers transferred her to the ClearwaterMarine Aquarium in Florida.The doctors managed to save Winter, but sadly, not her tail. He tail flukes were too damaged and had to be removed so Winter could live.The little dolphin Winter survived against all odds, but she would never be able to swim normally without a tail. Thankfully the story doesn't end here. Winter was able to swim, but not very well. Because she didn't have a tail. She moved her body in a side-to-side motion like a shark. But doctors at the aquarium were worried that unconventional moment would hurt her spine.Kevin Carroll heard Winter's story and for thought, he would could help. Heis a specialist who designs and provides prostheses for people. If he could help people, why not help a dolphin? He started working with Winter and came up with a solution for the new fluke and tail sectionKevin designed a stretchy sleeve to fit winter's body and protect her skin. Then a tail made of silicone and plastic was made to tightly fit over the sleeve. Now winter can swim like other dolphins. And she is a great inspiration to people who struggle with their own injuries.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 交友时不要以貌取人。
2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷
2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possibleanswers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1.5分）A．In a charity shop．B．In a laundryC．In a dormitory．D．In a clothing store．2．（1.5分）A．﹩114．B．﹩86．C．﹩14．D．﹩43．3．（1.5分）A．A librarian．В．A secretary．C．A reporter．D．An accountant．4．（1.5分）A．Purchase some ingredientsB．Give the man instructions for the soup．C．Check to see if the soup is ready．D．Write down the directions to the supermarket．5．（1.5分）A．Chocolate is his favourite flavor．B．There's no more chocolate pudding left．C．He doesn't want any chocolate pudding．D．He's already tasted the chocolate pudding．6．（1.5分）A．She hasn't called the travel agency yet．B．She doesn't know when her semester ends．C．The man may have to reschedule his trip．D．The man should take his vacation somewhere else．7．（1.5分）A．Get a ticket from his sister．B．Help his sister out of her conflict．C．Go to the concert with his sister．D．Get a schedule of future performances．8．（1.5分）A．Meet his advisor．B．Track his adviserC．Adjust his course scheduleD．Follow his course schedule as advised．9．（1.5分）A．He has already paid his landlord for next year's rent．B．He's decided how he's going to spend the prize money．C．He doesn't know how much his rent is going to increase．D．He's already planning to enter for next year's essay contest 10．（1.5分）A．The man can use her electronic dictionary．B．The man should buy a new paper dictionary．C．She can show the man how to use the dictionaryD．She will work more efficiently with his dictionary．11．（4.5分）（1）A．Napping may help prevent seniors' memory loss B．Sleep is good for us both mentally and physically．C．Many Americans do not want to admit they take a nap．D．Taking naps is very common in other parts of the world．（2）A．They are afraid of becoming lazy．B．They don't think napping is common．C．They are too energetic to need a nap．D．They don't want to be considered weak．（3）A．Napping is not as effective for people with sleep disorders．B．Napping cafes have been quite common in American cities．C．Resting in the middle of the work day may cost a lot of moneyD．Many Americans are changing their offices into napping rooms 12．（4.5分）（1）A．A recent survey on unfriendly neighbours．B．A growth in complaints about neighbours．C．The increasing noises made by neighbours．D．Different views on relations between neighbours．（2）A．Selfish attitudes．B．High immigration．C．More crowded space．D．Unwillingness to socialize．（3）A．We ought to understand the instances better．B．Explanations for the instances have increased．C．It's easier to make complaints on TV channels．D．The problem can be viewed from another angle．13．（6分）（1）A．The place to buy soap．B．The plans to survive on the campus．C．The way to use drying machines．D．The steps to wash clothes with machines（2）A．It can promote bacteria growth．B．It can produce dirt in the clothes．C．It can be a waste of water and soap．D．It can leave bubbles in the machine（3）A．Excited．B．Shocked．C．DisappointedD．Embarrassed（4）A．The woman's mother seldom does things for her．B．American kids become independent even before ten．C．The man and the woman are from different countries．D．In the eye of the man's mother，independence is important．II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of thegiven word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（15分）Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery WorkersA ban on electric bieycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend onthem to earn a living．Many of the workers are immigrants．Electric bicycles，or "e﹣bikes，" look like regular bicycles，but they have electric﹣powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward．Most e﹣bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour，but some can go much （1）（fast）．（2）it is legal to own e﹣bikes in New York City，it is not legal to operate them．Officials there consider the dangerous use of e﹣bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason （3）the ban．Last year，the city announced severe measures （4）（mean）to hold e﹣bike riders and restaurant that employ the riders responsible．E﹣bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban．The police （5）also seize the bikes．Many of New York's delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s．Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours （6）（earn）enough money to live on．Delivery worker Deging Lian said it is important to perform quality work （7）their job also depends on tips．He added that when delivery workers are too slow，some people refuse to pay for the food，which makes the workers' supervisors angry．Ligiang Liu is an e﹣bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union．He says （8）（catch）breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers．Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project，（9）provides assistance to bicycle ﹣related workers in New York City．He says the city's ban on e﹣bikes is unfairly targeting low﹣paid workers who largely come from the city's Latino and Asian communities．He does not accept the argument （10）e﹣bikes present a danger to citizens．However，many New Yorkers are quick to blame e﹣bike riders for not being safe．Section BDirections：After reading the passage below，fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word morethan you need.15．（3分）A．overate B．precious C．rate D．researchersE．impression F．previous G．presentedH．interpret I．goers J．revealed K．consumerPeople Think Meals Taste Better If They Are ExpensiveIt is said that there's no such thing as a free lunch，but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal，it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal，according to scientists．A new study has found that restaurant （1）who pay more for their meals thinkthe food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price．The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their （2）of how food tastes．Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffer （自助餐）in a restaurant．The price of the food was set by the （3）at either ﹩4 or ﹩8 for the all﹣you﹣can﹣eat meal．Customers were asked to （4）how good the food tasted，the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names．The experiment （5）that the people who paid ﹩8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the "cheaper" buffet．Interestingly those that paid for the ﹩4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they （6）．However，the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total，according to the study （7）at the Experimental Biology meeting this week．Brian Wansink，a professor of （8）behaviour at the university，said："We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats，but a huge impact on how you （9）the experience．" He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals．In a（n）（10）study，scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories （卡路里）than people who eat in brightly lit areas．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．（15分）How Climate Change Affects Airline FlightsHot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer．This flight﹣disturbing （1）is a warning sign．Climate change is projected to have far﹣reaching （2）﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long﹣term declines in agricultural production．And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft with potential effects on airline （3）．National and global transportation systems and the economic activity they support have beer﹣designed for the climate in which it all developed．In the aviation （航空）industry，airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced （4）Because the climate is changing even fundamental elements like airports and key economic parts like air transportation may need to be （5）As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world，our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect （6）around the world．We've found that major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more fre quent takeoff weight （7）in the coming decades due to increasingly common hot temperatures，which can help reduce the aircraft's weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed．There is obvious evidence that extreme events such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago．And if we （8）to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades，the frequency and intensity or these extremes is projected to increase dramatically．The （9）on aviation may be widespread．Many airports are built near sea level，puttingthem at risk of more frequent （10）as oceans rise．The frequency and intensity of violent air movement may increase in some regions due to strengthening high﹣altitude （高海拔的）winds．Stronger winds would force airlines and pilots to change flight lengths and routings，potentially increasing fuel （11）．Many departments of the economy，including the aviation industry，have yet to seriously （12）the effects of climate change．The sooner，the better：Both airport construction and aircraft design take decades，and have （13）effects．Today's newest planes may well be flying in 40 or 50 years，and their （14）are being designed now．The earlier climate impacts are understood and appreciated，the more effective and less costly adaptations can be．Those adaptations may even include innovative ways to dramatically reduce climate﹣altering emissions across the aviation industry，which would help reduce the problem while also （15）it．（1）A．scheme B．heat C．shift D．mess（2）A．contributions B．confusion C．feedbacks D．consequences （3）A．pilots B．reservations C．costs D．accidents（4）A．historically B．enormously C．fundamentally D．domestically （5）A．retested B．implemented C．prospected D．reengineered （6）A．travels B．developments C．flights D．communications （7）A．disorders B．gains C．bans D．restrictions （8）A．happen B．fail C．aim D．promise（9）A．taxes B．effects C．viewpoints D．comments（10）A．flooding B．rotting C．repairing D．transferring （11）A．standard B．efficiency C．distribution D．consumption （12）A．consider B．avoid C．maximize D．demonstrate （13）A．greater B．different C．lasting D．direct（14）A．airports B．products C．contracts D．replacements （15）A．sneezing at B．responding to D．recovering from C．resulting in Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）Flu is killing us．The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face，let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future．Yes，we have an annual vaccine （疫苗），and everyone qualified should get it without question．The reality，however，is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines．And the flu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effective in the worst years．We urgently need a much more effective flu vaccine．In the U．S．alone，seasonal flu can cause up to 36million infections，three﹣quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56，000 deaths．We are not investing the resources needed to protect ourselves，our loved ones and our communitiesWhy not？We haven't been hit by a truly destructive widespread disease in a long time．So as individuals，we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and destaff the services we need to protect us．The risk of continued foot dragging is huge．In a severe widespread disease，the U．S．health care system could be defeated in just weeks．Millions of people would be infected by the virus，and would die in the weeks and months following the initial outbreak．The cost of preventing epidemics （流行病）is roughly a tenth of what it costs to cope with themwhen they hit．In 2012， a call was issued for an annual billion﹣dollar U．S．commitment to the development of a universal flu vaccine．Six years later，the search for a universal vaccine remains seriously underfunded．The simple reason lies in our collective satisfaction．As soon as headlines about the flu are going to hospitals are emptied of flu patients，and school and workplace absence rates decline，we go back to business as usual．Leading scientists and public health officials have the capability to keep us much safer from flu．They need your quick and decisive support to succeed．Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones（1）The problem of the current flu vaccines is that．A．they are not available every yearB．most Americans are not allowed to get themC．not everyone is qualified for themD．many people still catch flu after getting them（2）What does the author mean by "continued foot dragging" in Paragraph 4？A．Hospitals cannot meet the needs of patients during flu outbreaks．B．The leaders continue to drag the feet of the patients infected with flu．C．Individuals aren't alert enough to the underinvestment in flu prevention．D．Flu will certainly become a severe widespread disease in the near future．（3）What can be inferred from the passage？A．Science is currently not so developed as to keep us safer from flu．B．The death rate from flu is much higher than that from other diseases．C．The general public is partially to blame for the neglect of flu prevention．D．Developing a universal flu vaccine will cost more than dealing with flu．（4）The author wrote the passage mainly to．A．teach people more effective ways to fight against fluB．call on people to take flu outbreaks far more seriouslyC．encourage medical scientists to develop more flu vaccineD．urge the government to publicize the risks of widespread flu18．（6分）How to get your tax refundAt the storeGet a Global Blue Tax Free Form．If you do not have a SHOP TAX FREE Card，see "How to fil in your Tax Free Forms"．Make sure your Tax Free Form is filled in before arriving at the point of departure．Remember no refund without：Completed Receipts CustomsForm attached validation （验证）At the point of departureFor non﹣EU residents onlyGoods carried in checked﹣in luggage：1．Check your luggage in at the check﹣in counter，tell the check﹣in clerk you need it back for Customs purposes．2．Take the labelled luggage to Customs，show the goods，and have your Tax Free Forms stamped3．Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate refund service providerGoods carried in hand luggage：1．Go to Customs after passport control，show the goods，and have your Tax Free Forms stamped．Please note：Customs clearance of goods in hand luggage can only take place at the last EU airport before you finally leave the EU．2．Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate bank counter or post it to the appropriate refund service provider．Allow time for the refund process．Go to Customs before or after check﹣in，see Refund Office list．Present your completed Tax Free Forms，receipts，passport，and purchased items to get a stamp．Go to a Refund Office displaying the Global Blue logo （标识）．Receive your refund paid to your credit card within five days or in cash．In a rush？Mail your stamped and completed Tax Free Forms and receipts back to us in the envelope provided and get your refund paid to your credit card within three weeks．*EU：European Union（1）Whom is the above information intended for？A．EU residents who want to get their tax refunded．B．Non﹣EU residents who are going to travel in EU．C．EU residents who have Global Blue Tax Free Forms．D．Non﹣EU residents who are leaving EU after purchases．（2）To get your tax refund，you need to after having your luggage checked in if you've put your purchased goods in your check﹣in luggage．A．show your purchased goods to the check﹣in clerkB．cash in your stamped Form at the check﹣in counter．C．take back your luggage to the Customs to get a stampD．go to the Customs to fill in a form without the luggage（3）What can be learned from the passage？A．It's a must to attach the receipts to the form to get your tax refund．B．It's unnecessary to show your passport to the Customs for a stamp．C．You can get your refund in cash after posting your form if in a hurry．D．You can get your refund by credit card at once at the appropriate counter．19．（8分）A portrait created by artificial intelligence，or Al，made a historic appearance on the auction （拍卖）block at Christie's in New York City this week．It is the first artwork created by an algorithm （算法）to be offered for auction in the world of fine art．The odd﹣looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark coat left the auction block at Christie's for ﹩432，500 on Oct．25 in New York City．The portrait designed in the "Old Master" style of European fine artists from centuries ago appears to represent a man with a vague face，dressed in clothing similar to that worn by people painted by the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn in the 17th century．Of course，a computer didn't automatically pick up a brush and become an artist．The Al that created the image had human programmers﹣a Parisian art collective called Obvious，Christie's reported．Their cooperation，titled "Portrait of Edmond De Belamy，" is part of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch ﹩7，000 to﹩10，000，according to Christie's．To create the portrait，the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15.000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries，to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art，Obvious artist Hugo Caselles﹣Duprétold Christie's．The algorithm that eventually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other．called the Generator （that makes the art）and a Discriminator （that tries to spot the difference between human ﹣created and Al﹣created images），Caselles﹣Dupréexplained；they called this Al "generative adversarial network" （GAN），Caselles﹣Dupréexplained．GAN's final image was then printed and framed，according to Obvious．At the bottom of the portrait is a mathematical formula （公式）representing the algorithm that created it，a nod to the relationship between the Generator and the Discriminator，Obvious artists wrote on the collective's website．The goal of the painting and of Obvious，also co﹣founded by Hugo Caselles﹣Dupréand Gauthier Vernier，was to prove "artificial intelligence can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing it can be creative．，" Consumer News and Business Channel reported．Portraiture is a tough task for Al to take on，according to Christie's，"since humans are highly accustomed to the curves and complexities of a face in a way that a machine cannot be．" This difficulty was part of Obvious' thinking when they created the portrait．"Edmond de Belamy" is one of eleven Al paintings made by Obvious．（1）It can be learned from the passage that the portrait "Edmond de Belamy"．A．was sold at an unexpectedly high priceB．was the first artwork sold at an auctionC．is a painting created by means of brushD．is a man who once appeared at the auction（2）To create a portrait，Al needs to．A．learn from plenty of imagesB．use an algorithm with many partsC．work against human paintersD．recognize its human programmers（3）What can be concluded from the passage？A．The mathematical formula at the bottom of the portrait is meaningless．B．The portrait was made to prove algorithms are able to imitate creativity．C．It is more difficult for Al to operate driverless cars than to paint a portrait．D．Al is better at painting the curves and complexities of a face than a human．（4）The passage mainly tells us that．A．Al will soon replace man in some fieldsB．an Al﹣created portrait sells high at an auctionC．a proper algorithm is the key for Al to create carD．Al﹣created paintings are better received at auctionsSection CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．（6分）A．It's that long﹣term exposure that experts find most worrisome．B．Car manufacturers are unaware of standards regulating air quality inside new cars．C．This is when components are still unstable and tend towards what is called off﹣gassing．D．Just reading a list of the substances is scary enough，and the danger of exposure is scarierstill．E．The source of the smell so many buyers find appealing is in the various substances used incar constructionF．Fortunately，high concentrations of these compounds gradually disappear just a fewmonths after manufacture．Is New﹣car Smell Bad for Your Health？The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms，for which there's a good reason．That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals，some of which can be highly poisonous．（1）Many of these contain volatile （挥发性的）organic compounds （VOCs），some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities．Others are just bad for you．"It's a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances，" said Jeff Gearhart，Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan．The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years，and has noted some improvement．But Gearhart says there is still work to be done．"There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles，" he said．"Since these chemicals are not regulated，consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face．"（2）Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches，dizziness，etc．，depending on the sensitivity of an individual．According to the US Environmental Protection Agency，continued exposure to some ofthese can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system ﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣or even cancer．The danger is the greatest when the car is new，and that new car smell is most noticeable．（3）It is the release of chemical vapours，which leads to the smell．Heat from a vehicle left in the sun car make matters worse，and speed up the chemical reaction．The danger is reduced over time，and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months．Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated （通风的），especially during the first six months of ownership．Park in the shade with the windows open when it's safe to do so，or at least try to air it out before getting inside﹣especially on not days．IV. Summary Writing21．（8分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passagein no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．Take Care of Your Spine （脊柱）The spine stands at the center of your health，providing your body with structure and support．It also contains your spinal cord，a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain．Therefore，it's important to take care of it．Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy．Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight，except for its natural curves．Posture comes into play even when you're asleep．Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions．Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn't comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day．Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine．Staying still for too long even if your posture is good﹣can be hard on your back．Especially if you work at a desk most of the day，it's important to get up and stretch periodically．Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions．Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine．However，don't overdo the exercise，asrepeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine．Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves．In particular，B vitamins help keep nerves healthy，so you may want to consider taking a．supplement （补充物）．Another important factor is vitamin D，which is essential for strong bones，but．it's also absorbed from sunlight，so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside．V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（4分）科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应．（adaption）23．（4分）我妹妹的课堂笔记一向一目了然，值得学习．（enough）24．（4分）那些源自于中国古代文学的角色在这个网络游戏里获得了新生．（originate）25．（4分）经济全球化是经济发展的必然趋势，它是不以人类的意志为转移的．（independent）VI. Guided Writing26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given belowin Chinese．中华中学为了进一步规范学校的社团建设，提高社团活动的品质，向广大师生征求意见．假设你是该校学生王敏，写一封电子邮件给负责社团的林老师，就你所了解的1﹣2个学校社团发表意见．你的邮件需包括：＞你所了解的学校社团的现状（亮点和不足）及其原因：＞提出你对改进学校社团建设的建议．注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校．2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possibleanswers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1.5分）A．In a charity shop．B．In a laundryC．In a dormitory．D．In a clothing store．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略2．（1.5分）A．﹩114．B．﹩86．C．﹩14．D．﹩43．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略3．（1.5分）A．A librarian．В．A secretary．C．A reporter．D．An accountant．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略4．（1.5分）A．Purchase some ingredientsB．Give the man instructions for the soup．C．Check to see if the soup is ready．D．Write down the directions to the supermarket．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略5．（1.5分）A．Chocolate is his favourite flavor．B．There's no more chocolate pudding left．C．He doesn't want any chocolate pudding．D．He's already tasted the chocolate pudding．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略6．（1.5分）A．She hasn't called the travel agency yet．B．She doesn't know when her semester ends．C．The man may have to reschedule his trip．D．The man should take his vacation somewhere else．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略7．（1.5分）A．Get a ticket from his sister．B．Help his sister out of her conflict．C．Go to the concert with his sister．。
2019年上海闵行区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷
2019年上海闵行区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、综合填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）1、【来源】 2019年上海闵行区高三一模第1~10题We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox（悖论）is that our children can only truly succeed1they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most？The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves inpractice.2（stretch）their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do veryeasily,3（remain）within their comfort zone. This is why they don't fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet.Never4（fail）in practice prevents them from making progress.5is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5, 126 prototypes （原型） for his newest vacuum before coming up with thedesign6made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put7： "You can't develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention."In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don't like to admit to failure, partly because they have strongegos（自我）—particularly the senior doctors-and partly because they fear litigation（诉讼）. The consequence is that8learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the samemistakes9（repeat）. According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400, 000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventableerror.10healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.二、选词填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）2、【来源】 2019年上海闵行区高三一模第11~20题They're still kids, and although there's a lot that the experts don't yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it's all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group1, even from their Millennial （千禧年的） elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don't quite get. These differences may seem slight, butthey2the appearance of a new generation.The3between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has4the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically5life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I： Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of "ingeneration".Rosen says portability is the key. They are6from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are7banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. "They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do, " Rosen says. "But findings show teens8distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development."Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change9."The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think. We have to give them options because they want their world10, " Rosen says.A. declaredB. surviveC. individualizedD. advocatedE. signalF. significantlyG. dominatedH. contrastI. supposedlyJ. apartK. inseparable三、完形填空（共15小题，每题1分，满分15分）3、【来源】 2019年上海闵行区高三一模第21~35题After my public lectures on evolution, someone in the audience asks, "Are we still evolving？" People want to know if humans are getting taller, smarter, better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but1： We're almost certainly evolving, but we don't know inwhat2or how fast.We've seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia, but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences. For example, we know that during the past 10, 000 years, several populations of humans —those keeping sheep, cows or goats for milk—gained the ability to digest dairy products. This quality was3in our earlier ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk. And in the past 3, 000 years, Tibetans haveacquired4adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But these well-documented changes are limited to particular populations, sothe5for recent evolution of our entire species, remains not much.The authors of "Evolving Ourselves"6. Not only, they claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we're doing it to ourselves. Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have7evolution —not just in our own species but virtually in all species： "For better or worse, we are increasingly in charge. We are the primary driversof8. We will directly and indirectly determine what lives, what dies, where, and when. We are in a different phase of evolution： the future of life isnow9."According to the authors, we've replaced natural selection with what they call"10selection." Overfishing, for example, has reduced the average size of many fish species, for taking the biggest fishes is11those smaller fishes.Yet while there's no doubt that we're changing the planet, the claim that we're completely changing evolution on the planet12. Let's take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger for example. This13has been documented in many species that we eat, but this is just a minuscule fraction （极小的一部分） of the 30, 000 known species of fish.The authors speak with14assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything. When they claim, for example, our ingestion （摄取） of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that "our children's brains are evolving fast, " they are abusing （滥用） the word "15." Our children's brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological （药理学的） environment, but change alone is not evolution.A. instructiveB. disappointingC. decisiveD. conflictingA. directionB. regionC. frequencyD. conditionA. beneficialB. adaptableC. uniqueD. uselessA. unprovedB. changeableC. geneticD. mysteriousA. studyB. evidenceC. interestD. implicationA. disagreeB. supportC. followD. approveA. delayedB. overdoneC. neglectedD. controlledA. unbalanceB. disasterC. changeD. disturbanceA. in our handsB. out of orderC. in peaceD. out of controlA. destructiveB. unnaturalC. adventurousD. emotionalA. by means ofB. at the cost ofC. in favor ofD. for the protection ofA. makes no senseB. makes great impressionC. calls attentionD. comes to an endA. problemB. mistakeC. phenomenonD. obstacleA. strongB. baselessC. sensitiveD. persuasiveA. environmentB. technologyC. exposureD. evolution四、阅读理解（共11小题，每题2分，满分22分）4、【来源】 2019年上海闵行区高三一模（A篇）第36~39题Once again DC Comics and Warner Bros. havedivided fans and critics over their latest superhero film.There had been worrying news about Justice League in the months before its release, with a lot of reshoots of scenes, a new director being brought in to finish the film after original director Zack Snyder's tragic loss of his daughter and, of course, a lot of talk about Ben Affleck's future in the role of Batman.Some people are saying that Justice League is another big disappointment, that it could have been incredible and instead fails to really entertain. Others say that Warner Bros. have finally got it right and that the future for the League looks bright.My opinion lies somewhere in the middle. The film was by no means a disappointment: it was exciting, funny and a lot of fun to watch. There's something special about watching the heroes from your childhood brought to life on the big screen and maybe that is affecting my opinion.However, I will say that a lot of work needs to be done if the producer wants to make a great success. Although the film was good, it was obvious which scenes had been reshot and how the characters had been changed. I also have to mention the several scenes in which the special effects were very badly done; these are the kinds of problems that you don't expect to see in a film with such a big budget.Another point to add is that it is good to see the producer making Superman slightly a brighter character and adding some jokes to the plot to keep things fun. But the producer must be careful not to make the mistake that another film producer—here, not mentioning the name—is coming very close to doing: turning all of the films into bright and colorful shows and losing a lot of seriously good stories.In the end, Justice League is not a perfect film but it is definitely not a terrible one. A lot of work is still to be done but I hope that DC does not completely lose its darker side.(1) Before the release of Justice League, many people showed their．A. pity for the director, Zack SnyderB. concern about the film's qualityC. higher expectation of the new directorD. support for the actor, Ben Affleck(2) According to the author, what's special about Justice LeagueA. It advocates social justice.B. It brings lots of fun to the audience.C. It has some brave heroes.D. It brings back childhood memories.(3) In Paragraph 5the author mainly wants to express his.A. views on the film's weaknessB. advice to the film's directorC. love for the filmD. expectation of the film's sequels(4) The author mentioned another film producer to.A. stress the importance of fun in a filmB. show Justice League's lack of a serious plotC. serve as a warning to the producer of Justice LeagueD. set an example for the producer of Justice League5、【来源】 2019年上海闵行区高三一模（B篇）第40~42题(1) According to the passage, it is good habit to when you are writing your e-mail.A. include all of your social network linksB. send your e-mails to all of your coworkersC. use different font size to make the massage vividD. keep the subject line brief(2) Which of the following statements might the author agree with？A. The subject line is filled with Hey instead of being left blank.B. Using capitals is acceptable when offering congratulations.C. You are supposed to reply to only one person at a time.D. Social network links should be included in your signature.(3) In which of the following sentences does the phrase "cry wolf" is correctly used？A. Economists are just crying wolf while actually the economic future is not so bad.B. The government is always crying wolf and has never kept the promise to reduce taxes.C. He cried wolf when he received a letter saying that his application had been rejected.D. He just cried wolf in comforting her when he didn't know what had really happened.6、【来源】 2019年上海闵行区高三一模（C篇）第43~46题8分The recession （衰退） of 2008-09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity, the following recovery for its weakness. The labour market has also broken the rules, as new research from the OECD, a think-tank of mainly rich countries, shows in its annual Employment Outlook.Young people always suffer in recessions. Employers stop hiring them;and they often get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss. But in previous episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial crisis in 2008, and since, they have done better than other age groups.The researchers focus on movements in "non-employment" as a share of the total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012. This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment, where people are looking for work, but also inactivity, where people are not seeking jobs. Whereas the average non-employment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one﹣and-a-half points among 25-to 54-year-olds, it has fallen by two points among the 55-64 age group.Why have older employees done so well? In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers, but that did not really help them in past recessions. What has changed, says Stefano Scarpetta, head of the OECD's employment directorate, is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff. In the past, early-retirement policies provided by governments （in the mistaken belief that these would help young people） made it cheaper to push grey﹣haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped.Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That view is wrongheaded. First, it is a fallacy that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another； there is nofixed amount of work. And second, as the report shows, young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace. They do different types of work in different types of occupation: younger people are keen on IT firms, for example, whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries. There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless, but kicking older workers out of the workplace is not one of them.(1) By saying "The labour market has also broken the rules", the authormeans.A. young employees were protected by the governmentB. young employees suffered moderately in labour marketC. old employees suffered very little in the labour marketD. The recession had little impact on labour market(2) What do we know about "early-retirement policies" mentioned in the 4th paragraphA. They proved to be little use and nearly no longer in effect.B. They have effectively helped young employees.C. They financially supported the elderly people.D. They have gain popularity in southern European countries.(3) The word "fallacy" （in the last paragraph） probably means "".A. common beliefB. wrong conceptC. acceptable assumptionD. wise statement(4) Which of the following might the author agree withA. Early-retirement policies should have been well adopted by governments.B. Young people should be encouraged into traditional industries.C. Supportive policies should be made to help elderly people when crisis occurs.D. Old people's remaining in jobs doesn't necessarily threaten young people's jobs.五、信息匹配（共4小题，每题2分，满分8分）7、【来源】 2019年上海闵行区高三一模第47~50题8分Life is not easy when you are looking for something worthwhile and ready to learn from the best experiences.1Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases.2However, people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would. At this time, people refer only to people who have already achieved what they want to do. Look at any successful person and you'll notice one thing common in all of them： they took time to learn and mastered their skill like no one else. There is no elevator to success and you have to take the stairs.Be brave to take the road less traveled. In our whole life, we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests, do the same thing everyone does, take the same career path everyone takes, wear the same clothes everyone wears, and hang out with the same people we work with. Why Because we are scared to fail. But when you get bored of life, you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny is different from anyone else's out there in the world.3 You don't have to live your life in a way society wants you to.4Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don't want because other children have selected that career. Worst of all, people follow them without even asking. There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your interest, sooner or later you'll realize that you should first do what you think is right.A. It takes continuous time and effort to be successful in any area.B. The general rule goes that the harder you try, the greater results you get.C. Many old beliefs are being performed these days and are followed blindly.D. It always takes tests and then fails us to learn anything worthwhile.E. However, in most circumstances your effort and attempt go well alongside with your desired achievement.F. But the price we pay to realize this is high because it takes a great amount of courage to follow your own path.六、阅读表达（满分10分）8、【来源】 2019年上海闵行区高三一模第51题8分Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.As is known to all, many things can be measured in terms of data. Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth. With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day. Obviously, data can make our life easier and more comfortable. What is more important, data seem to be fairer than words or statements. If the data are true, we don't have to worry about being cheated. Nowadays, as lies exist in the world, data are expected to tell the truth. Therefore, many of us would rather believe data.On the other hand, if we judge things only by data from the so-called specific research, aren't we a little too narrow﹣minded? Many people often treat the so﹣called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions. But sometimes we may find that data aren't everything. For example, how can you tell that somebody isn't a good student just because he or she doesn't get high marks in the final examination?There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. For example, the degree of your feeling happy in your life, the depth of love between you and your friends, and the faith you have in your country. We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data.There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. We should try our best to be wise thinkers. Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.Data are data after all. Life is much more colorful than the pale data. So give the cold data a warm heart and we'll find that the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe.七、翻译句子（共4小题，1题3分，2-4每题4分，满分15分）9、【来源】 2019年上海闵行区高三一模第52~55题15分(3分,3分,4分,5分)翻译句子(1) 我们相约周末去植物园看花展。
2019届上海市上海中学高三上学期第一模拟考试英语试题含解析
2019届上海市上海中学高三上学期第一次模拟英 语 注意事项： 1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I 卷（选择题）一、完形填空Directions: Foreach blank in the following passage are four words or phrases marked A ． B ． CandD ． Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research hasshown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion ofthe cultural orpolitical problems of the day, not heated debates about filmswe've just watched or books we've just finished reading,but plain and simple___1__.Language isour greatest treasure as a species, and what do we ___2___ do with it? Wegossip. About others'behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing whatwith whom, who's in and who's out ——and why; how to dealwith difficult____3__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are wekeen on gossiping? Are we just natural _4_____, of both time and words? Or do wetalk a lotabout nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the reallyimportant issues of life? It's not the case accordingto Professor RobinDunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution ofLanguage, thepsychologist says gossip is one of these really__5____issues.Dunbar __6____the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stageof socialdevelopment in order to organize their manly hunting activities moreeffectively, or even to promote the exchangeof poetic stories about theirorigins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved amongwomen.We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we cantalk, argues Dunbar —____7__, he goes on tosay, languageevolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbararrived at his cheery theory by studying the __8____ of the higher primates likemonkeys. By means of grooming ——cleaning the fur by brushing it,monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support inthe event of some kind of conflict within the group or___9___ from outside it. As we humanbeings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __10____that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together madesense because the bigger the group, the greater the ___11___ it provided; on theother hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close toothers. Grooming helped to ___12___ the pressure and calm everybody down. But as thegroups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activitiesalso had to be ____13__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __14____kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocalgrooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groupsby exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would bepossible by one-to-one ___15___ contact. 1．A ． claim B ． description C ． gossip D ． language 2．A ． occasionally B ． habitually C ． independently D ． originally 3．A ． social B ． political C ． historical D ． cultural 4．A ． admirers B ． masters C ． users D ． wasters 5．A ． vital B ． sensitive C ． ideal D ． difficult 6．A ． confirms B ． rejects C ． outlines D ． broadens 7．A ． for instance B ． in addition C ． on the contrary D ． as a result 8．A ． motivation B ． appearance C ． emotion D ． behavior 9．A ． attack B ． contact C ． inspection D ． assistance 10．A ． recalls B ． denies C ． concludes D ． confesses 11．A ． prospect B ． responsibility C ． leadership D ． protection 12．A ． measure B ． show C ． maintain D ． ease 13．A ． saved B ． extended C ． consumed D ． gained 14．A ． common B ． efficient C ． scientific D ． thoughtful 15．A ． indirect B ． daily C ． physical D ． secret 二、阅读理解 The teacherwho did the most to encourage me was, as it happens, my aunt.She was Myrtle C ． Manigault, the wife of my mother's brother Bill. She taught me in second gradeat all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.此卷只装订不密封班级姓名准考证号考场号座位号During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouragedme to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what wasconsidered practical or possible for black females.I liked to sing; shelistened to my voice and pronounced it good.I couldn't dance; she taught me thebasic dancing steps.She took me to the theatre-not just children's theatre butadult comedies and dramas-and her faiththat I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also took down books from her extensivelibrary and shared them with me.I had books at home, but they were all serious classics.Even as a child I had a strongliking for humour, and I'll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis's Archy & Mehitabel throughher.Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided myfirst opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to theeditor as a "youth columnist". My column, begun when I was fourteen,was supposed to cover teenage social activities-and it did-but it also gave methe freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gatheringmaterial, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation fromcollege six years later, a solid collection of published material that carriedmy name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her "favouriteniece". Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupilwho has crossed her path.16．Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhoodand youth?A．She lent her some serious classics.B．She cultivated her taste for music.C．She discovered her talent for dancing.D．She introduced her to adult plays.17．What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A．A book of great fun.B．A writer of high fame.C．A serious masterpiece.D．A heartbreaking play.18．Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ________.A．develop her capabilities for writingB．give her a chance to collect materialC．involve her in teenage social activitiesD．offer her a series of writing jobs19．We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who________.A．trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplinedB．gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potentialC．emphasized what was practical or possible for pupilsD．helped pupils overcome difficulties in learningHumpback WhalesHumpback whales are sometimes calledperformers of the ocean.This is because they can make impressive movements whenthey dive.The name“humpback”, which isthe common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whale'sback forms as it dives.Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantasticmovement known as a breach.During breaching the whale uses its powerful tailflukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap.A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out likewings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of thewater through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head.It blowsa double stream of water that can rise up to 4 metres above the water.The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towardsthe tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back.Other distinguishingfeatures include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the bodylength, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tailflukes.These markings are like finger prints: no two are the same.Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicatewith each other through complex “songs”.20．According to Quick Facts, ahumpback whale _____.A．cannot survive in waters near the shoreB．doesn't live in the same waters all the timeC．lives mainly on underwater plantsD．prefers to work alone when hunting food21．To make a breach, a humpback whale must _____.A．use its tail flukes to leap out of the waterB．twist its body sideways to jump highC．blow two streams of waterD．communicate with a group of humpbacks22．From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale _____.A．has its unique markings on its tail flukesB．has black and white fingerprintsC．gets its name from the way it huntsD．is a great performer due to its songsIf you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbouror a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to stepinto the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality device.Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a bodyswapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group ofartists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using amachine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "AsI looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner'spants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple.Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The videofrom each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact viewof your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, shesees it.To get used to seeing anotherperson's body without actually having control of it, participants start byraising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along.Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants reallystart to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises toalter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies haveshown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias thathumans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at theUniversity of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the ImplicitAssociation Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between,for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic orawkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digitalcharacter using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. Thistime, the participants' bias scores were lowe r. The idea is that once you've"put yourself in another’s shoes" you're less likely to think ill ofthem, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to BeAnother hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping,people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau,a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kindof experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."23．The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A．buildingB．exchangingC．controllingD．transplanting24．We can infer from the experimentat the Be Another lab that______.A．our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB．we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC．participants will live more passionately after the experimentD．The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes25．In the Implicit Association Test,before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinneddigital character, ______.A．they fought strongly against racismB．they scored lower on the test for racismC．they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD．they were more biased against those unlike them26．It can be concluded from the passage that______.A．technology helps people realize their dreamsB．our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC．virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD．our points of view about others need changing constantly第II卷（非选择题）三、语法填空Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill ineach blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, useone word that best fits each blank.Today theStatue of Liberty is a beloved landmark. It 27．(tower) above of theharbor of New York and is lovingly cared for by the National Park Service. Manythousands of visitors who visit Liberty Island each year might never suspectthat getting the statue 28．(build) was a long slow struggle. More than acentury ago, it 29．(be) the celebration of freedom and the commemorationof the friendship between America and France that inspired sculptor AugusteBartholdi and finally he went forward with designing the potential statue andpromoting the idea of building it. However, money was so big a problem 30．was haunting the two governments from the beginning to the end.Donations forthe building of the statue first began coming in throughout France in 1875.Numerous people gave donations. A copper company donated the copper sheets thatwould be used to fashion the skin of the statue. Various donations werehelpful, 31．the cost of the statue kept riding. 32．(face) with ashortfall of money, the French-American Union held a lottery. Merchants inParis donated prizes, and tickets were sold. The lottery was a success, butmore money was still needed. The sculptor Bartholdi eventually sold miniatureversions of the statue, 33．the name of the buyer engraved on them.Finally, in July 1880 the French-American Union announced that enough money hadbeen raised to complete the building of the statue.While theFrench had announced that the funds for the statues were in place in 1880, bylate 1882 the American donations, which would be needed to build the pedestal,were sadly lagging. The sculptor Bartholdi had travelled to America in 1871 topromote the idea of the statue. Despite Bartholdi’s efforts, the idea of thestatue was difficult 34．(sell). some newspapers, most notably the New YorkTimes, often criticized the statue as folly, and vehementlyopposed 35．(spend) any money on it. The newspaper publisher JosephPulitzer, who had purchased a New York City daily, The World, in the early1880s, took us the cause of the statue’s pede stal. He mounted an energetic funddrive, promising to print the name of each donor, 36．small the donation,Pulitzer’s audacious plan worked, and millions of people around the countrybegan donating whatever they could.In August1885, that final $100,000 for the statue;s pedestal had been raised.Construction work on the stone structure continued, and the next year theStatue of Liberty, which had arrived from France packed in crated, was erectedon top.四、信息匹配Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can beused only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.Let's sayyou've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have timeto carefully plan menus for meals or read food 37．at the supermarket. Sinceyou really38．yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come inhandy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" canhelp39．some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects arepeople who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. Forexample, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket——including which shelf the peanut buttergoes on, and how the oranges are piled up——is a choice architect.Governmentsdon't have to40．healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans.Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect——one that encourages us to choose what isbest——we will do the right things. In otherwords, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthierchoices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom tochoose with41．hints from choice architects, who aim to help people livelonger, healthier, and happier lives.The Britishand Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic lightsystem" to 42．foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customerscan see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains43．bylooking at the lights on the package. A green light 44．that the amounts ofthe three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer shouldbe45．; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the threenutrients and should be eaten in 46．. The customer is given important healthinformation, but is still free to decide what to choose.Various studies have shown that increased spending on education has notled to measurable improvements in learning. Between 1980 and 2008, staff andteachers at U.S. public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students.47．Universities show similar trends ofincreased administration personnel and costs without greater learning, asdocumented in Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa's recent book Academically Adrift:Limited Learning on College Campuses.A survey shows that 63% ofemployers say that recent college graduates don't have the skills they need tosucceed and 25% of employers say that entry-level writing skills are lacking.Some simplistically attribute thedecline in our public education system to the drain of skilled students byprivate schools, but far more significant events were at work.Public schools worked well untilabout the 1970s.48．It was the underperforming students who werethrown out of public schools and went to private ones.A prominent reason public schoolsdid well was that many highly qualified women had few options for workingoutside the house other than being teachers or nurses. 49．Having such a large supply oftalented women teachers meant that society could pay less for their services.Women’s liberation opened up new professional opportunities fo r women, and,over time, some of the best left teaching as a career option, bringing about agradual decline in the quality of schooling.50．Large educationbureaucracies and unions came to dominate the landscape, confusing activitywith achievement. Bureaucrats regularly rewrite curriculums, talk nonsenseabout theories of education, and require ever more administrators. The endresult has been that, after all the spending, students have worse math andreading skills than both their foreign peers and earlier generations spendingfar less on education ---- as all the accumulating evidence has now documented.A．They accepted relatively low pay, difficult working conditions, and gave their very best.B．In fact, until that time, public schools provided far better education than private ones.C． Achievement tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of teaching.D． The heavy teaching loads left them little time and energy for family life.E.Also around that time, regulations, government, and unions came to dictate pay, prevent adjustments.F.Yet students showed no additional learning in achievement tests.五、读写任务51．SummaryWritingSociologists have long recognized that organization of less than 200individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members.Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting lessflexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting fromfailures of communication.One solution to this problem would, of course, be tostructure large organizations into smaller units of a size that can act as agroup. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, largerorganizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 willnever of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization.Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build directpersonal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be ableto communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal astructure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.The importance of this was drawn to my attention twoyears ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it sohappened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The wholeprocess worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they weremoved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the workseemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.It was some time before they work out what the problemwas. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building,they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunchtimes was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, theyaccidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the wholeorganization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gatheredinformally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information wascasually being exchanged. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、根据所给汉语意思完成句子Translation52．他和他的同学都不喜欢放学后补课。
上海市各区2019年高三英语一模汇编----阅读理解-老师版(已经校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)You are checking your emails when you start daydreaming about where to go on your summer holiday. This reminds you to compare the cost of local gyms. Then you suddenly decide to look up some place for your birthday party.You may think you are browsing the Internet in a slightly absent-minded manner. You are, in fact, “wilfing”. According to a survey for a financial website, almost seven in ten Internet users admit to the newly named habit. The study of 2400 people carried out by YouGov found that more than a quarter of Internet users wilf ---- a rough acronym of What Was I Looking For? ---- for two days every month.Pete Cohen, GMTV’s resident life coach and motivator, said, “Stopping yourself wilfing takes a mixture of planning and willpower. These days there are all manners of website attracting our attention. Internet users need to set themselves a specific surfing goal and a time limit to keep on track.”Shopping in the online activity is most likely to make users wilf. Men are more likely to admit to being wilfers than women. A third of the men questioned said the habit had damaged their relationship with a partner. The good news is that wilfing is a habit people tend to grow out of. Internet users aged 55 or over were three times less likely to wilf than those aged under 25.Jason LIoyed, from ,said, “The Internet was designed to make it easier for people to access the information they need quickly and conveniently. Although people log on with a purpose, they are now being offered so much choice and online distractions that many forget what they are there for, and spend hours aimlessly wilfing instead. It’s important that people do not allow unnecessary online distractions to get in the way when surfing in the Internet, as it can affect productivity in the workplace and relationship at home.”Are you a wilfer, lost in the Internet?56. The underlined word “acronym” in Para. 2 most probably means ______.A. a phenomenon that makes people daydreamB. a summary of the book “What Was I Looking For?”C. an expression meaning taking people’s attention awayD. a word composed of the first letters of the words in a phrase57. What is an efficient way to stop wilfing according to the passage?A. Stopping taking a mixture of planning and willpower to keep on track.B. Trying to focus on different subjects at the same time.C. Trying to set a surfing goal and a time limit.D. Logging on the Internet all the time.58. It can be concluded from paragraph 4 that ______.A. men are less likely to be wilfing than womenB. wilfing damages the relationship between partnersC. as you grow older, you’ll become more and more wilfingD. one third of Internet users will be wilfers lost on the Internet59. What can be called “wilfing” according to the passage?A. You spend hours aimlessly surfing the Internet every day.B. You suddenly decide to look up some information about clothes.C. You are accessing the information you need quickly and conveniently.D. You are browsing some of your emails which haven’t been checked for months.(B)Shanghai Disneyland: Attractions and TipsWelcome to a never-before-seen world of wonder where you can arouse the magical dream within your heart. This is Shanghai Disneyland, a fun experience filled with creativity, adventure and thrills for Guests of all ages! Set your sights on Enchanted Storybook Castle -- the largest Disney castle on the planet -- and then get ready to explore as you discover 6 unique and unforgettable lands: Mickey Avenue, Gardens of Imagination, Fantasyland, Adventure Isle, Treasure Cove and Tomorrowland.Opening HoursSaturday: 09:00 -- 20:00Ticket BookingVisitors can book tickets on the official website or mobile app of the park or by calling 400-180-0000 / 86-21-31580000. They can also follow the official Wechat account ShangHaiDisneyResort to book a ticket. Of course, ticketscan be bought at the entrance, but there may be a longqueue. Visitors need to show passports or ID cards tobook tickets and enter.Five Things You S houldn’t Miss●TRON Lightcycle Power Run●Pirates of the Caribbean Battle for the SunkenTreasure●“Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade●Enchanted Storybook Castle●Broadway-style show The Lion KingSpecial RecommendationThe cartoon characters Judy and Nick in Zootopia, the animated movie whose box office hit $1 billion globally in 2016, will be added to Disney’s signature “Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade, said Robert Iger, the president and CEO of Walt Disney.Things to Remember●Only well-packaged food and water are allowed.●Selfie sticks, large tripods, folding chairs, and large luggage are banned.●Visitors above 16 should not be dressed in cartoon, movie and comic costumes.●Disney Fastpass tickets for free can save you from waiting in a long queue.●Comfortable sneakers are strongly recommended for a long walk during the day.●Animals are not allowed to enter as well, excluding guide dogs.60. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Enchanted Storybook Castle is a must-see sightB. Broadway-style show The Lion King is a 3D movieC. “Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade earns $1 billion in 2016D. Pirates of the Caribbean Battle for the Sunken Treasure is an animated movie61. What day is supposed to be the busiest day according to the passage?A. Thursday.B. Friday.C. Saturday.D. Sunday.62. It can be concluded from the last part of the passage that ______.A. blind people are not allowed to visit the landsB. visitors can only eat and drink at certain placesC. cartoon costumes and uncomfortable sneakers are bannedD. Disney Fastpass tickets can help visitors enter the lands fast(C)A group of college students is hoping to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit (轨道) around the moon.The students are from Cornell University in thestate of New York. They are taking part in a competitioncalled the Cube Quest Challenge. It is a program ofNASA, the American space agency. The Cornell team iscalled the CisLunar Explorers. The word cislunar means“between the e arth and the moon.”The challenge is simple: to design, build and deliver“flight-qualified, small satellites.”NASA officials saythe satellites must be able to perform “advancedoperations near and beyond the moon.”Ten teams are taking part in the competition. But the CisLunar Explorer satellites are different. They are the only ones using water to power their spacecraft.The idea for a water-powered vehicle came from Mason Peck, who works at Cornell University. He once worked as NASA’s chief technologist. He has always wanted to use something other than rockets to push spacecraft beyond earth. “A lot of the mass we send into orbit these days is in the form of rockets -- the only way we get anything into space,” he said, in a Cornell press release. “But what if we could use what’s already there? If we could do that, if we could re-fuel spacecraft while they’re already in space...”The spacecraft is shaped like the English letter L. It measures about 30 centimeters in length, and the two pieces are connected. Water is stored in the lower part of the satellite. The sun will separate the water into two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. When one combines hydrogen and oxygen with a spark (火花), an explosion results. This provides a forward movement, known as thrust.The CisLunar Explorer team has an unusual way to guide its spacecraft. The idea is to copy how old-time sailors used the moon, sun and stars to fix their position on the oceans. The satellite is equipped with cameras. The cameras will take pictures of the sun, the earth and the moon andcompare their positions and their sizes. Based on where the sun, moon and earth are at any given time, the CisLunar Explorers will do the mathematics to find their position.The competition is being held in four parts. The Cornell team has been among the top three competitors during parts one and two. The winners of the third stage will be announced in about a month. The final three winners will be announced in early 2017. They will get to ride on NASA’s space launch system in early 2018.63. The essential part of the competition “the Cube Quest Challenge” is ______.A. to launch a satellite to take a watery flight to the moonB. to design, build and deliver a small and flight-qualified satelliteC. to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit around the moonD. to make the satellite perform advanced operations near and beyond the moon64. What does Mason Peck want to do at Cornell University according to the passage?A. To stop using rockets for the sake of safety.B. To use something already in space as power.C. To try using water in space to push spacecraft.D. To design a water-powered vehicle to push spacecraft.65. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. there is a lot of rubbish of rockets and satellites in the orbit these daysB. a water-powered satellite will soon be sent into the orbit around the moonC. the explosion of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen provides powerD. the team members of the CisLunar Explorers are the students of Mason Peck66. What would be the best title of the passage?A. A Spacecraft Powered by WaterB. A Water-Powered Flight to the MoonC. A Competition for Water-Powered SatelliteD. A Design of Water-Powered Space JourneyKeys:56-59: DCBA 60-62: ACD 63-66: DBCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)①Did English football finally find a new star? At the age of 19, Theo Walcott came onto the scene by scoring a hat-trick for England in a 4-1 victory over Croatia in 2010 World Cup.②Walcott’s lightning speed and accurate shooting turned the teenager into an overnight star. Many thought he was a new dawn for the England team. He was building his fame for his fast pace, with former Barcelona manager Pep declaring that “you would need a gun to stop him.” FIFA World Player of the Year winner Lionel Messi once also describ ed Walcott as “one of the most dangerous players I have ever played against.” In addition to his speed, Walcott also possessed good balance, movement and technique.③It was symbolic that Walcott’s goals came from the right-wing. The position had been playe d by “golden boy” David Beckham for more than 10 years. No longer were the cheers for Beckham. The fans’ hopes now rested on the shoulders of Walcott.④Walcott was born in London to a black British Jamaican father and a white English mother. He grew up as a Liverpool fan due to his father’s support of Liverpool. When Chelsea asked him to be a ball boy, he used the opportunity to meet his Liverpool idols.⑤The teenager’s rise to fame was not completely out of blue. He was part of England’s World Cup team in 2006, but he did not get to play a match. He also spent over two years at Arsenal, where he was fast becoming a key player.⑥But that year, few were expecting the wonderful performance between England and Croatia. The teenager was the first England player to score three goals in a game since Michael Owen did so seven years before.⑦Although England was full of superstars, they had a poor record in major tournaments. But things were beginning to change. The win against Croatia was sweet revenge. Croatia was the team which knocked England out of Euro 2008.⑧Walcott’s wonderful performance lighted England fans’ hope for World Cup victory in South Africa in 2010, since England had not lifted the cup since 1966.⑨But before England fans got too carried away, our reflection on the past history told us that placing a country’s hopes on one teenager was dangerous.56. Which of the following CANNOT account for Walcott’s increasing fame?A. Fast speed.B. Masterly skills.C. Positional sense.D. Unusual family.57. Why did the author mention David Beckham in the 3rd paragraph?A. To show that England football once had a glorious history.B. To illustrate that Walcott could be entitled “golden boy”.C. To indicate that England fans were difficult to please.D. To imply that people had high expectation on Walcott.58. In the 5th paragraph, the underlined phrase “out of blue” most probably means “________”.A. impoliteB. unexpectedC. impossibleD. unintentional59. What is the author most likely to agree with?A. Walcott might not live up to fans’ expectation.B. Walcott might transfer from Arsenal to Liverpool.C. Croatia might change the history of the World Cup.D. England might be defeated by the opponent in the next round.(B)✓OverviewExplore Stewart Island and the surrounding bays in our modern mini-buses. Our guides enjoy sharing their local knowledge of the history and environment of Stewart Island. Highlights include Lee Bay, the gateway to Rakiura National Park, beautiful Horseshoe Bay and amazing views of✧More information♦Departure location: Oban Visitor Centre.♦What to bring: Comfortable walking shoes or boots, waterproof jacket, warm sweateror fleece jacket, sunscreen or sunglasses, insect repellent and camera.♦Car parking: Vehicle parking is available at Oban (extra cost—reservations recommended).♦Wheelchair access: Available.♦Children ticket: Children under ten go free for travel as long as they are accompanied by an adult.✧Reviews♦“There was so much to see and learn that it was hard to take everything in. The bays we stopped at were beautiful with golden sandy beaches, the forests were overpoweringand we expected dinosaurs to appear at any time, the views from lookout point weresplendid and the anchor point with Bluff brought a smile. Thank you to Chris and theexperienced team for such an informative tour.”Ron P♦“Any visitor to Stewart Island could do no better than take one of the guided tours from the Oban Visitor Centre—especially if you only have limited time available. We hadthe delightful and extremely informative Kylie conduct a small number on one of thevillage tours. This is a beautiful place—a few fascinating shops and restaurants,wonderful walks and warm and friendly people.”Michael Mason ♦“I love finding out about places and the guide was full of information and stories as we visited every interesting place and view in Oban (it didn’t take too long...). A great wayto start a visit as it helps you know where everything is.”Kiwieric60. If a traveler plans to leave a car at Oban, he had better ________.A. refer to the guides firstB. use wheelchair accessC. make a reservationD. walk to the center in advance61. Herry, a six-year-old boy, wanted to have a sightseeing of the Stewart Island with his parents.How much should they pay for the mini-bus tour?A. $135.B. $90.C. $ 45.D. Free.62. If a traveler takes the guided tour, he can experience all the following EXCEPT ________.A. breath-taking sceneryB. charming walksC. dinosaur samplesD. detailed tour guide(C)①What does it say about the future of meat when the country’s largest processor of chicken, pork, and beef buys a stake(股份) in a start-up that aims to “perfectly replace animal protein with plant protein”?②Tyson Foods announced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat, the Southern California-based food-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reportedly cooks and tastes like real beef.③To be sure, Beyond Meat’s meatless creations have yet to take the country by storm. Although the 100 percent plant-based burgers have achieved plenty of positive press since they appeared for the first time in May, so far they’re only available at Whole Foods stores i n seven states. Even though the company’s “chicken” strips, “beef” pies, and meatless frozen dinners are available nationwide, Beyond Meat is hardly a household name.④That may be what makes the news of Tyson’s investment all the more noteworthy. While the two companies declined to give details about the deal, it’s doubtful that Tyson’s 5 percent stake made much of dent(凹陷) in the meat giant’s coffers(金库). The company posted $41.4 billion in sales last year; prior to the deal with Tyson, Beyond Meat had reportedly raised $64 million in project capital funding—about what Tyson earns before lunch on any given day.⑤Tyson is doing pretty great. The company reported record third-quarter earnings per share in August and says that it expects overall meat production to increase 2 to 3 percent during the next financial year. But like a big oil company shelling out cash to invest in wind power, Tyson’s toe-in-the-water move to team up with a start-up devoted to bringing more plant-based protein to American dinner tables seems to suggest the meat industry is starting to see which way the winds are blowing.⑥Sales of plant-based protein, which totaled an estimated $5 billion last year, continue to pale compared with the market for meat in America—but vegetarian alternatives to meat are booming, with sales growing at more than double the rate for food products overall. The steady drumbeat of news about the negative health impacts, environmental problems, and animal welfare concerns associated with meat consumption appears to be sinking in. According to a survey released in April, more than half of Americans surveyed said they plan to eat more plant-based foods in the coming year.63. Beyond Meat’s veggie burger made headlines probably because __________.A. it makes perfect use of animal proteinB. it uses high tech in the making processC. it tastes as good as a genuine beef burgerD. it represents the diet trend in South California64. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the state of Beyond Meat?A. It is the creator of the country’s first 100 percent plant-based burgers.B. It has been well received as its products are available nationwide.C. It is far from being a match to real food processing giants like Tyson.D. It provides high-quality dining experience in selected Whole Foods stores.65. What can we infer from paragraph 4?A. The purchase of the stake barely costs a thing for Tyson.B. The 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat means a lot to Tyson.C. Tyson’s investment hasn’t caught the attention of the media as expected.D. Tyson is relying on this investment to raise more project capital funding.66. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Meat will still take over the market in spite of other alternatives.B. A major American meat company is betting on plant-based protein.C. Tyson and Beyond Meat work together to build a global meat giant.D. Plants have been found to contain protein that does more good to human beings.Keys:56-66 DDBA CBC CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Jeremy Baras remembers the first time he ever saw a pop-up a restaurant. The 26-year-old entrepreneur（企业家）was on vacation in England four years ago and had to look up at the London Eye Ferries wheel to see it. Hanging above himwas a capsule full of diners who were served a newcourse each time a revolution was made. “I thought thatwas the coolest thing ever”, he says. Baras, who founded in 2012 to promote the idea ofpop-up restaurants in USA, has been studying them eversince.Pop-ups, which have been around since at least the early 2000s, are open anywhere from a few hours to several months, but their defining feature is that they are temporary. They may be only a tiny part of the $709 billion U.S. restaurant industry, but popups have gotten a boost in recent years as a lower-cost, lower- risk way for entrepreneurs to test the waters. Some restaurant owners see them as a way to renew interest in existing locations. And some struggling cities, like Oakland, Calif., have turned to them to help revitalize local economies impacted by the recession （衰退）.The concept has been especially popular with up-and-coming chefs who want to test-drive as a menu concept without investing a fortune in a permanent space. “Your cooks and chefs are really talented, but they’re stuck in the back of somebody else’s kitchen cooking somebody else’s menu,” says Zach Kupperman, chief businessman officer and co-founder of Dinner Lab.Chefs in Dinner Lab cook in the middle of space, give a brief introduction about the menu and themselves —and then bravely listen to diner feedback afterward. Pop-ups’ temporary nature also allows restaurateurs to charge a deposit to make sure the diners will show up.Of course, trends in the food industry come and go quickly, and there is no guarantee that diners won’t tire of the concept. Some entrepreneurs have resorted to even a weirder locations —in a former limestone mine, say, or at the top of a crane —to keep customers interested. Says Baras, “It's not quite part of the mainstream economy yet.”56. What does the underlined part “a revolution was made” in Paragraph One possibly mean?A. Chefs designed creative dishes.B. Diners tasted food in an innovative way.C. The capsule containing diners made a circle.D. Great changes were made in the food industry.57. Which of the following might NOT be the reasons for pop-up restaurants’ fast develop ment?A. Being temporary features pop-up restaurants.B. Pop-up restaurant can restore local economy to prosperity.C. Business owners venture into the business with fewer risks and investments.D. Restaurant owners can make diners interested in the original restaurants again.58. Perspective chefs are drawn to pop-ups due to the fact that__________________.A. pop-ups are becoming increasingly popular with diners worldwideB. they have the desire to explore a safer way to make a livingC. their investment in pop-ups will bring them a fortune on a permanent basisD. pop-ups provide a flexible test field for talented chefs’ originality59. The writer’s propose of writing the passenger is to___________________.A. appeal to people to dine out in pop-up restaurantsB. give a brief introduction of pop-up restaurantsC. warn business owners of the appearance of pop-up restaurantsD. foresee the future of pop-up restaurants’ development(B)In four countries with fast-developing economies (BRIC)–Brazil, Russia, India, and China –the agricultural sectorhas become a proving ground for innovation. JuergenVoegele, a World Bank agriculture expert, predicts that “bytransforming agriculture, we will not only meet the challengeof feeding nine billion people by 2050 but do so in ways thatcreate wealth and reduce its environmental footprint.”BRAZILSoybeans on the RisePreserving the Amazon rain forest is a top priority for Brazil.The rapid expansion of soybean and cattle farming there during the 1990s and early 2000s led to alarming rates of deforestation. Over the past ten years, however, with government support, activists and famers have protected more than 33,000 square miles of rain forest – an area equal to more than 14 million soccer fields. Saving these forests has kept 3.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of atmosphere.Yet even under these land restrictions, Brazil’s soybean production has increased. Thecountry is now the world’s second largest producer of the crop. How did this happen?Farmers focused on efficiency. Using new machinery and early maturing seeds enabled them to squeeze an additional planting into the standard growing season. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Brazil’s 2014-15 soybean crop has hit a record 104.2 million tons, up 8.6 million tons from the year before, as farmers have made better use of their fields. This progress, says the World Bank’s Juergen Voegele, is an example of how “producing more food coexist with protecting the environment.”60. According to Juergen Voegele, innovation in agriculture will lead to all the following except ______.A. increased wealthB. the solution to the world’s food crisisC. less impact on natureD. the challenging of feeding the world’s population61. Which one is the appropriate number to fill in the blank in the chart?A. 95.6B. 104.2C. 14D. 8.662. What is the most important problem Brazil is faced with?A. Feeding nine billion people by 2050.B. Increasing its soybean production.C. Protecting its rain forest from deforestation.D. Enhancing its farmers’ efficiency.(C)Spain’s Literary GeniusFour centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in the world literature took his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), the author of Don Quixote, is to the Spanish what Shakespeare is to the English and Dante is to Italians - a national literary icon.Cervantes’ book is still appreciated today, hundreds of years after its publication, because it’s a wonderfully truthful comedy. Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but when we laugh, we laugh with recognition.The book records the adventures of Alonso Quijano, an older Spanish gentleman who loves romance novels. In truth, he reads far too many romances, and they have affected his mind. Quijano is so mixed up that he decides that he must become a knight himself. Imagine a comic book fan who decides to dress up as a superhero t o fight crime, and you’ll get the picture.Setting the sceneAlonso Quijano reinvents himself as “Don Quixote de La Mancha”, an aristocratic（贵族的）name that suits his ambition of being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a horse, he finds himself an old one named Rocinante. But Rocinante is not exactly cut out for life as a knight’s horse. He’s tired from years of farm work. He’s unlikely to be of much help in any fight against an enemy.The heroes in the romances Quijano reads all had a lady to love. They were highborn, like the knights themselves. Quijano chooses Aldonza Lorenzo, a farmer’s daughter, to be his beloved. She becomes “Dulcinea del Toboso”, or “the sweet woman of Toboso”. How does Aldonza feel about Quijano’s attentions? She doesn’t feel much at all, actually. Aldonza is yet another byproduct of Quijano’s imagination, like so many things.Finding a sidekickNow comes Cervantes’ second great creation: Sancho Panza. Once servant in Quijano’s house, Panza is promoted to the role of squire（随从）, because every self-respecting knight needs a squire. Panza has a sensible head on his shoulders, and he is a foil（衬托）to his foolish master.The pair faces many adventures, but none are as heroic as a knight’s should be. We laugh, rather th an cry, as we read. Quijano tries to act on behalf of justice, but he doesn’t often succeed.Cervantes’ novel inspired a word that sums up Quijano’s romantic nature: “quixotic”. In English we use the word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals. It is a mark of Cervantes’ genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a。
2019上海高三英语一模
2019上海高三英语一模
【最新版】
目录
1.上海高三英语一模的重要性
2.2019 年上海高三英语一模的考试内容
3.考试的难度和应对策略
4.对考生的建议
正文
【1.上海高三英语一模的重要性】
上海高三英语一模，作为高考前最重要的一次模拟考试，其重要性不言而喻。
它不仅是对学生高中三年学习成果的检验，也是对学生应试能力的一次锻炼，更是对学生报考志愿的重要参考。
因此，对于每一个高三学生来说，上海高三英语一模都是一次至关重要的考试。
【2.2019 年上海高三英语一模的考试内容】
2019 年上海高三英语一模的考试内容主要包括听力、阅读理解、完
形填空、语法填空、翻译和作文等几个部分。
听力部分主要测试学生的英语听力理解能力，阅读理解部分主要测试学生的阅读理解能力和逻辑思维能力，完形填空和语法填空部分主要测试学生的语言知识和语言应用能力，翻译部分主要测试学生的语言理解和语言表达能力，作文部分则主要测试学生的写作能力。
【3.考试的难度和应对策略】
一般来说，高三英语一模的难度是相对较高的，因为它是为了模拟高考而设置的。
但是，无论考试难度如何，学生都可以通过以下策略来应对：一是做好充分的准备，包括复习知识点，练习题型，提高语言能力等；二是保持良好的心态，不要因为考试难度大而紧张或放弃；三是注意时间分
配，合理安排考试时间，保证每一部分都有足够的时间完成。
2019年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷及参考答案
2019年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.第1-10每题（1分）；第11-20每题（1.5分）．1．（1分）A．By car．B．On foot．C．By bus．D．By bike．2．（1分）A．A policeman．B．A postman．C．A doctor．D．A teacher．3．（1分）A．He didn't sleep well last night．B．He did too much work last night．C．He went to bed late last night．D．He worked late with his work．4．（1分）A．The man has just missed his flight．B．The plane is delayed due to bad weather．C．The plane will leave at 9：14．D．The departure time is unknown．5．（1分）A．Offering a suggestion．B．Starting an argument．C．Stopping a fight．D．Correcting a mistake．6．（1分）A．Apply for a discount．B．Read the agreement．C．Fill in the application form．D．Buy a certain product．7．（1分）A．The woman was too tired to see the TV programme．B．The man missed part of the TV programme．C．Both of the speakers found the TV programme boring．D．The man regretted wasting time on the TV programme．8．（1分）A．Select the data．B．Revise the report．C．Collect more data．D．Present the report．9．（1分）A．Go to bed earlier．B．Learn how to be attentive．C．Spend more time outdoors．D．Take her job more seriously．10．（1分）A．He feels sorry for the students．B．He is strongly against the punishment．C．He approves of the professor's action．D．He offers an option to stop cheating．Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 11．（4.5分）（1）A．V olunteer work and study．B．Work and relaxation．C．Adventurous trip and project．D．Cultural study and local visiting．（2）A．It offers ways to learn a new language．B．It helps broaden your horizons．C．It guarantees you to earn money．D．It might take you to unusual places（3）A．Volunteering in foreign countries．B．Ways to spend a working holiday．C．Great places for a working holiday．D．The concept of a working holiday．12．（4.5分）（1）A．Committed．B．Flexible．C．Independent．D．Agreeable．（2）A．They easily get wounded when doing exercise．B．They feel uncomfortable when they are observed．C．They are serious about their exercise plan．D．They are suitable to take up co﹣operative sports．（3）A．To help people understand what personality type they are．B．To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits．C．To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise．D．To describe different types of exercises available at present．13．（6分）（1）A．Student opinions on a biology program．B．The present situation of biology education．C．The treatment and status of biology professors．D．The quality of biology laboratory equipment．（2）A．Incapable teaching staff．B．Inaccessible laboratory．C．Insufficient budget．D．Unmotivated students．（3）A．It's unsuitable for complex experiments．B．It's too complicated to use．C．It's more than satisfactory．D．It's much better than expected．（4）A．The professorsshould be more devoted to the program．B．Some professors may go elsewhere to teach．C．Some professors can't get budge to conduct experiments．D．The professors aren't academically recognized．Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（10分）We want our children to succeed in school and，perhaps even more importantly，in life．But the paradox（悖论）is that our children can only truly succeed （1）they first learn how to fail．Consider the finding that world﹣class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low﹣level figure skaters．Why are the really good skaters falling over the most？The reason is actually quite simple．Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice．（2）（stretch）their limitations，they keep trying their best．They fall over so often，but it is precisely why they learn so fast．Lower﹣level skaters have a quite different approach．They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily，（3）（remain）within their comfort zone．This is why they don't fall over．In a superficial sense，they look successful，because they are always on their feet．Never （4）（fail）in practice prevents them from making progress．（5）is true of skating is also true of life．James Dyson worked through 5，126 prototypes （原型）for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design（6）made his fortune．These failures were essential to the pathway of learning．As Dyson put （7）："You can't develop new technologyunless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong．Failure is essential to invention．"In healthcare，however，things are very different．Clinicians don't like to admit to failure，partly because they have strongegos （自我）﹣particularly the senior doctors﹣and partly because they fear litigation （诉讼）．The consequence is that （8）learning from failure，healthcare often covers up failure．The direct consequence is that the same mistakes （9）（repeat）．According to the Journal of Patient Safety，400，000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error．（10）healthcare learns to respond positively to failure，things will not improve．Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.评分标准：每题（1分）．15．（10分）A．declared B．survive C．individualized D．advocated E．signalF．significantly G．dominated H．contrast I．supposedly J．apartK．inseparableThey're still kids，and although there's a lot that the experts don't yet know about them，one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly．And it's all because of technology．To the psychologists，sociologists，and media experts who study them，their digital devices set this new group （1），even from their Millennial （千禧年的）elders，who are quite familiar with technology．They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don't quite get．These differences may seem slight，but they （2）the appearance of a new generation．The （3）between Millennialelders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has （4）the birth of a new generation in a new book，Rewired：Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn，out next month．Rosen says the technically （5）life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book，Me，MySpace and I：Parenting the Net Generation，that they distinguishthemselves as a new generation，which he hasgiven them the nickname of "ingeneration"．Rosen says portability is the key．They are （6）from their wireless devices，which allow them to text as well as talk，so they can be constantly connected﹣even in class，where cell phones are （7）banned．Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently．"They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do，" Rosen says．"But findings show teens （8）distractions muchbetter than we would predict by their age and their brain development．"Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages，Rosen says，the educational system has to change（9）．"The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid，and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think．We have to give them options because they want their world（10），" Rosen says．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.评分标准：每题（1分）．16．（15分）After my public lectures on evolution，someone in the audience asks，"Are we still evolving？" People want to know if humans are getting taller，smarter，better looking or more athletic．My answer is truthful but（1）：We're almost certainly evolving，but we don't know in what （2）or how fast．We've seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia，but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences．For example，we know that during the past 10，000 years，several populations of humans ﹣those keeping sheep，cows or goats for milk﹣gained the ability to digest dairy products．This quality was （3）in our earlier ancestors who，after babyhood，never encountered milk．And in the past 3，000 years，Tibetans have acquired （4）adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high﹣altitude，low﹣oxygen home．But these well﹣documented changes are limited to particular populations，so the （5）for recent evolution of our entire species，remains not much．The authors of "Evolving Ourselves"（6）．Not only，they claim，are we evolving faster than ever，but we're doing it to ourselves．Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have（7）evolution ﹣not just in our own species but virtually in all species："For better or worse，we are increasingly in charge．We are the primary drivers of（8）．We will directly and indirectly determine what lives，what dies，where，and when．We are in a different phase of evolution：the future of life is now（9）．"According to the authors，we've replaced natural selection with what they call "（10）selection．" Overfishing，for example，has reduced the average size of many fish species，for taking the biggest fishes is （11）those smaller fishes．Yet while there's no doubt that we're changing the planet，the claim that we're completely changing evolution on the planet（12）．Let's take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger for example．This（13）has been documented in many species that we eat，but this is just a minuscule fraction （极小的一部分）of the 30，000 known species of fish．The authors speak with （14）assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything．When they claim，for example，our ingestion （摄取）of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that "our children's brains are evolving fast，" they are abusing （滥用）the word "（15）．" Our children's brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological （药理学的）environment，but change alone is not evolution．（1）A．instructive B．disappointing C．decisive D．conflicting （2）A．direction B．region C．frequency D．condition （3）A．beneficial B．adaptable C．unique D．useless（4）A．unproved B．changeable C．genetic D．mysterious （5）A．study B．evidence C．interest D．implication （6）A．disagree B．support C．follow D．approve（7）A．delayed B．overdone C．neglected D．controlled （8）A．unbalance B．disaster C．change D．disturbance （9）A．in our hands B．out of order C．in peace D．out of control （10）A．destructive B．unnatural C．adventurous D．emotional （11）A．by means of B．at the cost of C．in favor of D．for theprotection of（12）A．makes no sense B．makes greatimpressionC．calls attention D．comes to anend（13）A．problem B．mistake C．phenomenon D．obstacle（14）A．strong B．baseless C．sensitive D．persuasive （15）A．environment B．technology C．exposure D．evolution Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）Once again DC Comics and Warner Bros．have divided fans and critics over their latest superhero film．There had been worrying news about Justice League in the months before its release，with a lot of reshoots of scenes，a new director being brought in to finish the film after original director Zack Snyder's tragic loss of his daughter and，of course，a lot of talk about Ben Affleck's future in the role of Batman．Some people are saying that Justice League is another big disappointment，that it could have been incredible and instead fails to really entertain．Others say that Warner Bros．have finally got it right and that the future for the League looks bright．My opinion lies somewhere in the middle．The film was by no means a disappointment：it was exciting，funny and a lot of fun to watch．There's something special about watching the heroes from your childhood brought to life on the big screen and maybe that is affecting my opinion．However，I will say that a lot of work needs to be done if the producer wants to make a great success．Although the film was good，it was obvious which scenes had been reshot and how the characters had been changed．I also have to mention the several scenes in which the special effects were very badly done；these are the kinds of problems that you don't expect to see in a film with such a big budget．Another point to add is that it is good to see the producer making Superman slightly a brighter character and adding some jokes to the plot to keep things fun．But the producer must be careful not to make the mistake that another film producer﹣here，not mentioning the name ﹣is coming very close to doing：turning all of the films into bright and colorful shows and losing a lot of seriously good stories．In the end，Justice League is not a perfect film but it is definitely not a terrible one．A lot of work is still to be done but I hope that DC does not completely lose its darker side．（1）Before the release of Justice League，many people showed their．A．pity for the director，Zack SnyderB．concern about the film's qualityC．higher expectation of the new directorD．support for the actor，Ben Affleck（2）According to the author，what's special about Justice League？A．It advocates social justice．B．It brings lots of fun to the audience．C．It has some brave heroes．D．It brings back childhood memories．（3）In Paragraph 5the author mainly wants to express his．A．views on the film's weaknessB．advice to the film's directorC．love for the filmD．expectation of the film's sequels（4）The author mentioned another film producer to．A．stress the importance of fun in a filmB．show Justice League's lack of a serious plotC．serve as a warning to the producer of Justice LeagueD．set an example for the producer of Justice League18．（6分）（1）According to the passage，it is good habit to when you are writing your email．A．include all of your social network linksB．send your emails to all of your coworkersC．use different font size to make the massage vividD．keep the subject line brief（2）Which of the following statements might the author agree with？A．The subject line is filled with Hey instead of being left blank．B．Using capitals is acceptable when offering congratulations．C．You are supposed to reply to only one person at a time．D．Social network links should be included in your signature．（3）In which of the following sentences does the phrase "cry wolf" is correctly used？A．Economists are just crying wolf while actually the economic future is not so bad．B．The government is always crying wolf and has never kept the promise to reduce taxes．C．He cried wolf when he received a letter saying that his application had been rejected．D．He just cried wolf in comforting her when he didn't know what had really happened．19．（8分）The recession （衰退）of 2008﹣09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity，the followingrecovery for its weakness．The labour market has also broken the rules，as new research from the OECD，a think﹣tank of mainly rich countries，shows in its annual Employment Outlook．Young people always suffer in recessions．Employers stop hiring them；and they often get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss．But in previous episodes，such as the recessions of the 1970s，1980s and 1990s，older workers were also kicked off．This time is different．During the financial crisis in 2008，and since，they have done better than other age groups．The researchers focus on movements in "non﹣employment" as a share of the total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012．This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment，where people are looking for work，but also inactivity，where people are not seeking jobs．Whereas the average non﹣employment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one﹣and﹣a﹣half points among 25﹣to 54﹣year﹣olds，it has fallen by two points among the 55﹣64 age group．Why have older employees done so well？In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers，but that did not really help themin past recessions．What has changed，says Stefano Scarpetta，head of the OECD's employment directorate，is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff．In the past，early﹣retirement policies provided by governments （in the mistaken belief that these would help young people）made it cheaper to push grey﹣haired workers out of the door．These have largely stopped．Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young．That view is wrongheaded．First，it is a fallacy that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another；there is no fixed amount of work．And second，as the report shows，young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace．They do different types of work in different types of occupation：younger people are keen on IT firms，for example，whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries．There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless，but kicking older workers out of the workplace is not one of them．（1）By saying "The labour market has also broken the rules"，the author means．A．young employees were protected by the governmentB．young employees suffered moderately in labour marketC．old employees suffered very little in the labour marketD．The recession had little impact on labour market（2）What do we know about "early﹣retirement policies" mentioned in the 4th paragraph？A．They proved to be little use and nearly no longer in effect．B．They have effectively helped young employees．C．They financially supported the elderly people．D．They have gain popularity in southern European countries．（3）The word "fallacy" （in the last paragraph）probably means ""．A．common beliefB．wrong conceptC．acceptable assumptionD．wise statement（4）Which of the following might the author agree with？A．Early﹣retirement policies should have been well adoptedby governments．B．Young people should be encouraged into traditional industries．C．Supportive policies should be made to help elderly people when crisis occurs．D．Old people's remaining in jobs doesn't necessarily threaten young people's jobs．Section CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.评分标准：每题（2分）．20．（8分）A．It takes continuous time and effort to be successful in any area．B．The general rule goes that the harder you try，the greater results you get．C．Many old beliefs are being performed these days and are followed blindly．D．It always takes tests and then fails us to learn anything worthwhile．E．However，in most circumstances your effort and attempt go well alongside with your desired achievement．F．But the price we pay to realize this is high because it takes a great amount of courage to follow your own path．Life is not easy when you are looking for something worthwhile and ready to learn from the best experiences．（1）Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases．（2）However，people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would．At this time，people refer only to people who have already achieved what they want to do．Look at any successful person and you'll notice one thing common in all of them：they took time to learn and mastered their skill like no one else．There is no elevator to success and you have to take the stairs．Be brave to take the road less traveled．In our whole life，we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests，do the same thing everyone does，take the same career path everyone takes，wear the same clothes everyone wears，and hang out with the same people we work with．Why？Because we are scared to fail．But when you get bored of life，you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny isdifferent from anyone else's out there in the world．（3）You don't have to live your life in a way society wants you to．（4）Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don't want because other children have selected that career．Worst of all，people follow them without even asking．There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your interest，sooner or later you'll realize that you should first do what you think is right．Summary Writing21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．As is known to all，many things can be measured in terms of data．Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth．With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day．Obviously，data can make our life easier and more comfortable．What is more important，data seem to be fairer than words or statements．If the data are true，we don't have to worry about being cheated．Nowadays，as lies exist in the world，data are expected to tell the truth．Therefore，many of us would rather believe data．On the other hand，if we judge things only by data from the so﹣called specific research，aren't we a little too narrow﹣minded？Many people often treat the so﹣called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions．But sometimes we may find that data aren't everything．For example，how can you tell that somebody isn't a good student just because he or she doesn't get high marks in the final examination？There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data．For example，the degree of your feeling happy in your life，the depth of love between you and your friends，and the faith you have in your country．We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data．There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event．But data should be dealt with wisely．We often get wrong data which mislead us．We should try our best to be wise thinkers．Remember，data have no feeling but we humans have．Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false．Data are data after all．Life is much more colorful than the pale data．So give the cold data a warm heart and we'll find that the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe．TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（3分）我们相约周末去植物园看花展．（appointment）23．（3分）这家超市商品种类繁多，能满足不同的消费需求．（variety）24．（4分）如果父母在教育孩子的问题上意见一致，家庭就会更加和睦．（share）25．（5分）许多学校已将剪纸之类的民间艺术引入课堂，这不但培养了学生的动手能力，也提高了他们的艺术鉴赏力．（not only…）Guided Writing26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．假设你们学校正在向学生征询开设选修课（optional course）的有关事宜．请你写信给校长，提出你希望开设的选修课的名称，并简要说说这门课应该涉及的主要内容以及开设这门选修课的意义．2019年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.第1-10每题（1分）；第11-20每题（1.5分）．1．（1分）A．By car．B．On foot．C．By bus．D．By bike．【解答】D2．（1分）A．A policeman．B．A postman．C．A doctor．D．A teacher．【解答】C3．（1分）A．He didn't sleep well last night．B．He did too much work last night．C．He went to bed late last night．D．He worked late with his work．【解答】A4．（1分）A．The man has just missed his flight．B．The plane is delayed due to bad weather．C．The plane will leave at 9：14．D．The departure time is unknown．【解答】D5．（1分）A．Offering a suggestion．B．Starting an argument．C．Stopping a fight．D．Correcting a mistake．【解答】A6．（1分）A．Apply for a discount．B．Read the agreement．C．Fill in the application form．D．Buy a certain product．【解答】B7．（1分）A．The woman was too tired to see the TV programme．B．The man missed part of the TV programme．C．Both of the speakers found the TV programme boring．D．The man regretted wasting time on the TV programme．【解答】B8．（1分）A．Select the data．B．Revise the report．C．Collect more data．D．Present the report．【解答】A9．（1分）A．Go to bed earlier．B．Learn how to be attentive．C．Spend more time outdoors．D．Take her job more seriously．【解答】C10．（1分）A．He feels sorry for the students．B．He is strongly against the punishment．C．He approves of the professor's action．D．He offers an option to stop cheating．【解答】CSection BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 11．（4.5分）（1）A．V olunteer work and study．B．Work and relaxation．C．Adventurous trip and project．D．Cultural study and local visiting．（2）A．It offers ways to learn a new language．B．It helps broaden your horizons．C．It guarantees you to earn money．D．It might take you to unusual places（3）A．Volunteering in foreign countries．B．Ways to spend a working holiday．C．Great places for a working holiday．D．The concept of a working holiday．【解答】11．B12．C13．D12．（4.5分）（1）A．Committed．B．Flexible．C．Independent．D．Agreeable．（2）A．They easily get wounded when doing exercise．B．They feel uncomfortable when they are observed．C．They are serious about their exercise plan．D．They are suitable to take up co﹣operative sports．（3）A．To help people understand what personality type they are．B．To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits．C．To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise．D．To describe different types of exercises available at present．。
〖优质〗2019年上海市松江区高考英语一模试卷〔解析版〕
2019年上海市松江区高考英语一模试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1分）A． A bus．B． A computer．C． A telescope．D．An elevator．2．（1分）A．Salesman and customer．B．Boss and secretary．C．Husband and wife．D．Interviewer and interviewee．3．（1分）A．Stamp collecting．B．Reading．C．Painting．D．Photography．4．（1分）A．He lost a button at work．B．He thinks he damaged the woman's calculator．C．He doesn't know where he put the calculator．D．He's not sure how to solve a maths problem．5．（1分）A．At 6：45．B．At 7：15．C．At 7：45．D．At 8：15．6．（1分）A．Borrow the books from the woman．B．Go to buy the books in the shop．C．Go to his grandpa for some books．D．Search for the books on the Internet．7．（1分）A．Buying chairs．B．Preparing for a party．C．Arranging the place for a contest．D．Taking part in a contest．8．（1分）A．She works in a very nice restaurant．B．The restaurant food made her ill．C．Her job involves a lot of business dinners．D．She feels tired when preparing meals at home．9．（1分）A．Amy didn't seem to be nervous during her speech．B．Amy needs more training in making public speeches．C．The man didn't think highly of Amy's presentation．D．The man can hardly understand Amy's presentation．10．（1分）A．In France．B．In China．C．In Italy．D．In Japan．11．（4.5分）（1）A． A notice was put in a window seat．B．Some of the seats were not occupied．C．There was a window seat unoccupied．D．The plane was not very crowded．（2）A．Mr．Jackson was the last passenger to get on board the plane．B．Mr．Jackson was surprised to see the notice on the seat．C．Mr．Jackson sat next to the soldier．D．The plane Mr．Jackson took was heavily loaded with luggage．（3）A．The notice was put on the seat by the soldier．B．The soldier was waiting for his girlfriend．C．The girl was the last passenger who got on the plane．D．The seat by the window was kept for the last passenger．12．（4.5分）（1）A．Beijing was the most polluted city．B．The air quality index reading for Xi'an reached 500．C．The AQI for Xingtai in Hebei Province was 491．D．Emergency measures against air pollution have not been taken．（2）A．About 100 cities．B．About 50 cities．C．About 500 cities．D．About 20 cities．（3）A．Limiting government vehicle use．B．Putting off all construction．C．Asking polluters to apologize for their action．D．Reducing the emissions from power companies．13．（6分）（1）A．In a studio．B．In a clothing store．C．At a beach resort．D．At a fashion show．（2）A．To live there permanently．B．To stay there for half a year．C．To find a better job to support herself．D．To sell leather goods for a British company．（3）A．Designing fashion items for several companies．B．Modeling for a world﹣famous Italian company．C．Working as an employee for Ferragamo．D．Serving as a sales agent for Burberry．（4）A．It has seen a steady decline in its profits．B．It has become much more competitive．C．It has lost many customers to foreign competitors．D．It has attracted a lot of more designers from abroad．II. Grammar and VocabularySection A （10分）Directions：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For theblanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（10分）Marvel and Disney Remember Stan LeeToday，Marvel Comics and The Walt Disney Company pause and reflect with great sadness on the passing of Marvel Chairman Emeritus，Stan Lee．With a heavy heart，we share our deepest condolences （哀悼）（1）his daughter and brother，and we honor and remember the creator，voice and champion of Marvel．"Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created． A super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world，Stan had the power to inspire，to entertain，and to connect．Nothing but his heart （2）exceed the scale of his imagination．" said Bob Iger，Chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company．Stan Lee loved the （3）（write）word from an early age，and wanted to craft stories like those in his favorite books and films，which he consumed greedily．From a simple upbringing in Manhattan，young Stanley worked his way through a series of jobs （4）he found himself an assistant at a comic book publishing company ﹣Timely Comics．Marvel fans found a friend in Stan Lee．He introduced the famous "Stan's Soapbox" to speak directly to his readers，（5）（reach） a personal level rarely seen in comics of the day．Always pushing for new ways of creating comics，Stan also started the "Marvel method" of plotting and art，creating some of （6）（fantastic）stories in the industry to this day．An entire generation of young readers expanded and strengthened their vocabulary and knowledge through Stan's stories．Roy Thomas，（7）succeeded Lee as editor﹣in﹣chief at Marvel，had visited Lee two days before （8）death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story，and stated "I think he was ready to go．But he was still talking about doing more cameos（配角）．（9）he had the energy for it and didn't have to travel，Stan was always up （10）（do）something more．"Marvel and the entire Walt Disney Company salute the life and career of Stan Lee and offer their undying gratitude for his unmatchable accomplishments within their halls．Every time you open a Marvel comic，Stan will be there．Section B （10分）Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．（10分）A．interpret B．encounter C．subjective D．ratings E．previously F．belief G．bubbles H．preciously I．illustrates J．compliments K．siteThe ability of the herd mentality（从众心理）to increase people's chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena．Aral （A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology）says，from housing （1）to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews，the （2）that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves．The new study （3）how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive （4）of their own early reviews in the process，Aral adds．It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics，business and cultures than for fun or lifestyle pieces．In situations where there are more （5）news reviews，you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes．"Think twice before you trust，how many likes something has，" he adds．"That's something you have to （6）with a grain of salt （持怀疑态度）．" And it's a situation many online users （7）on a daily basis．Aral recently went onYelp．com to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars，but when he got to the （8），he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars．Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own （9）average opinion．"A woman （10）how great it is，how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great，" he says．"Maybe it's not such a good idea to say some rating right before you make your own．"III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．（15分）Whether it's from an awful breakup or a painful life event，some memories can returnrepeatedly to our mind for the entire lives．But，what if science can （1）your bad memories so that you can start all over again？As is known to all，memory is an incredibly complex （2）．While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain，we now know this is （3）．In fact，each memory is a brain wide process．If you end up remembering something，it's because the cells in your brain are being fired，（4）new connections and links and literally rebuild the circuitry of your mind．And this change is partially （5）by proteins in the brain．So what if the proteins aren't available？Simply put，memories can't be made．Seriously，scientists have tested this by giving animals drugs that prevent these proteins from forming．（6），the animals have no recollection of the things that took place shortly after the drug was taken．From this research，scientists actually found a way to target long﹣term memories for （7）．You see，every single time you remember a memory，your brain is once again firing and rewiring．In fact，each time you reflect on a memory，you are physically changing that memory in your mind．And each time the memory is changed a little，it reflects your （8）thoughts．Remembering，to a great extent，is an act of （9）and imagination，which means that the more you reflect on old memories，the less accurate they will become．And scientists have actually quantified this change．After 9/11，hundreds of people were asked about their memories of the dreadful day．A year later，37% of the details had changed．By 2004，nearly 50% of the details had changed or gone （10）．And because memories are formed and rebuilt every time，if you administer （服药）the protein﹣preventing drug while recalling a memory，the memory can be （11）removed．To test this，scientists took lab rats and played sound for them，shortly followed by an electric shock．（12）doing this for many times，the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sound， a shock was soon to follow．Therefore，they would stress up and freeze every time they heard it．Months later，these rats would still （13）the noise．However，if they administered the drug first，the rats would lose the memory of the sound，and simply continue on．They had lost their memory of that specific noise．To be sure that the drug wasn't just causing large﹣scale brain damage，scientists repeated these experiments with various tones this time．Both sounds would warn for a shock and （14）the rats would fear both．But if they administered the drug and played only one of the sounds，the mice would only forget that one tone，while still remaining （15）of the other．Over time scientists have discovered specific drugs to target particular proteins across different parts of the brain．（1）A．refresh B．forget C．control D．erase（2）A．range B．process C．idea D．structure（3）A．incorrect B．evident C．partial D．complex（4）A．eliminating B．decreasing C．bringing D．building（5）A．inspired B．stopped C．identified D．perfected（6）A．By contrast B．On the contrary C．As a result D．For example （7）A．evaluation B．estimation C．deletion D．production（8）A．terrified B．critical C．current D．former（9）A．repetition B．creation C．function D．reproduction （10）A．uncontrolled B．complicated C．valuable D．missing（11）A．repeatedly B．effectively C．hardly D．consistently （12）A．Before B．Until C．After D．While（13）A．turn to B．respond to C．adapt to D．return to（14）A．surprisingly B．especially C．eventually D．similarly（15）A．suspicious B．careful C．painful D．fearfulSection B （22分）Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）Who would win in a fight， a lion or a tiger？Well，if size has anything to do with the matter，the tiger would win．That's because tigers are the largest of all catspecies．Tigers are not only large，they are also fast．They can sprint as fast as 40miles per hour for short distances and leap as far as 30feet horizontally．You might not think that such large，fast，and fierce creatures need help to survive，but they do．It is estimated that at the start of the 20th century，there were over 100，000 tigers living in the wild．By the turn of the century，the number of tigers outside of captivity dwindled to just over 3，000．Interestingly，the most serious threats that tigers face come from a much smaller species，one with an average weight of around 140lbs．That species is Homo sapiens，better known as humans．Humans threaten tigers in primarily two ways：hunting and destroying habitat．Tigers are hunted for many reasons．People have long valued the famous striped skins．Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world，tiger pelts are worth around ﹩10，000 on the black market．Though the fur would be incentive enough for most poachers，other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny．Some people in China and other Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have healing properties．Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of tiger bones，amongst other parts，in some prescriptions．Tigers have also been hunted as game．In other words，people hunted tigers solely for the thrill and achievement of killing them．Such killings took place in large scale during the 19th and early 20th centuries，when an English hunter might claim to kill over a hundred tigers in their hunting career．Though this practice is much less popular today than it was in the past，it has not ceased entirely．Humans have done considerable damage to the world's tiger population through hunting，but perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat．Tigers once ranged widely across Asia，all the way from Turkey to the eastern coast of Russia．But over the past 100 years，tigers have lost 93% of their historic range．Instead of spanning all the way across Asia，the tiger population is now isolated in small pockets in southern and southeastern Asia．This is because humans have drastically changed the environments．Humans have built towns and cities．Road and transit systems were created to connect these towns and cities．To feed the people living in these areas，forests and fields have been cleared to create farmland．A major obstacle to preserving tigers is the enormous amount of territory that each tigerrequires．Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles．Tigers are also both territorial and solitary animals．This means that they are protective of the areas that they claim and they generally do not share with other tigers．Because tigers need so much territory，it is really difficult for conservationists to acquire enough land to support a large population of tigers．（1）Which of the following is NOT a reason in the article explaining why tigers are hunted？A．Because tiger skins are worth a lot of money．B．Because tiger parts are used as medicines in some cultures．C．Because some tigers attack local villages．D．Because tigers are hunted for enjoyment by some people．（2）The underlined word "incentive" in the third paragraph probably means．A．attractiveB．innovativeC．alternativeD．respective（3）Which best explains why tigers have lost so much of their habitat according to the text？A．Because tigers are under threat from other animals．B．Because tiger skins are extremely valuable．C．Because the environment has been changed．D．Because tigers need so much space to survive．（4）Which of the following best describes the author's main purpose in writing this article？A．To provide readers with interesting information about the lifestyles of tigers．B．To persuade readers to help the world's tiger population and to offer ways to help．C．To entertain readers with stories about how tigers hunt and are hunted．D．To explain to readers why the world's tiger population is endangered．18．（6分）Learning English Video Project1．Encounters in the UK （17 minutes）Watch | CommentsEncounters in the UK is the first film in this documentary mini﹣series．It tells the story of four girls from different countries who travel to Cambridge in England to study English andstay with local families in what is called a "homestay" arrangement．For the four girls the homestay arrangement is a positive experience．As one of the homestay hosts explains："It's going to be a great experience，not only in terms of learning English，but in learning aboutlife．"Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments2．Insights from China （18 minutes）Watch | CommentsNever say dieBased in the busy，cosmopolitan city of Shanghai，Daniel Emmerson's latest film Insightsfrom China takes us inside the worlds of English language learning and teaching and the airline industry in China．"Insights from China" focuses largely on the staff and management of a Chinese airline company that has recently committed to learning English．Spring Airlines isthe first low﹣cost airline in China．Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments3．Stories from Morocco （16 minutes）Watch | CommentsSet in Casablanca，Morocco，this film features footage and interviews focusing on key questions such as "Why are people learning English？" and "What tips and advice can learners offer？" Staff and learners discuss the advantages and challenges of English language learning in Morocco．Interviewees touch on a variety of topics including British vs．American accents，multi﹣level classrooms，and the similarities of English to French and Spanish．Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments4．Thoughts from Brazil （17 minutes）Watch | CommentsLike Insights from China，Thoughts from Brazil also looks at modern trends in learning English，especially for children and teens．It will be of particular interest to all those who long for a learning experience that is more interactive and communicative．Teens and young adults will find new ideas for combining personal interests such as music，gaming and social media with self﹣study．As Daniel Emmerson talks to learners and teachers of English in Sao Paulo，Brazil，he discovers that many of them have found for themselves the principle of learning by doing and have readily adapted it to the Internet era．Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments（1）From the passage we can conclude that "Learning English Video Project" is most probably．A．an online coursefocusing on language and cultureB．audio documents on language learningC． a series of English learning video programsD． a set of films on English﹣speaking countries（2）If someone is interested in the comparison between English and other languages，he might be interested to watch．A．Encounters in the UKB．Stories from MoroccoC．Thoughts from BrazilD．Insights from China（3）What can we know about English learning in Sao Paulo，Brazil？A．Classroom teaching is more interactive and communicative．B．Homestay arrangement provides positive experience for learners．C．The Internet and games plays a major role in language learning．D．The principle of learning by doing is widely accepted by learners．19．（8分）The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year indicated a new era for climate action．For the first time，the world's nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃．This is vital for climate﹣vulnerable nations．Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions．In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports，we reveal just how deep this injustice runs．Developed nations such as Australia，the United States，Canada，and European countries are essentially climate "free﹣riders"：causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions，while paying few of the costs such as climate changes impact on food and water．In other words， a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels，while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change．On the other hand，there are many "forced riders"，who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem．Many of the world's most climate﹣vulnerable countries，the majority of which are African or small island states，produce a very small quantity of emissions．This is much like a non﹣smoker getting cancer from second﹣hand smoke，while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health．The Paris agreement has been widely considered as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all，although the details on addressing "climate justice" can be best described as incomplete．The goal of keeping global temperature rise "well below" 2℃deserves to be praised but the emissions reduction promises submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this．More than ﹩100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developingnations to reduce emissions．However，the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions，effectively ignoring historical emissions．There is also very little detail on who will providethe funds or，importantly，who is responsible for their provision．Securing these funds and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate﹣vulnerable countries．The most climate﹣vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most．There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change．And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high﹣emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants （暴君）or pioneers．（1）The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because．A．it is unfair to those climate﹣vulnerable nationsB．it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃onlyC．it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD．it burdens developed countries with the full responsibility（2）Why does the author call some developed countries climate "free﹣riders"？A．They needn't worry about the food and water they consume．B．They are better able to cope with the global climate change．C．They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused．D．They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting "forced riders"．（3）What does the author say about the ﹩100 billion funding？A．It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions．B．There is no final agreement on where it will come from．C．There is no clarification of how the money will be spent．D．It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide．（4）What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement？A．Encouraging high﹣emitting nations to take the initiative．B．Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts．C．Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus．D．Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once．Section C （8分）Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．（8分）A．Bike tourism is on the rise in the United States and around the world，according to the Adventure Cycling Association．B．Slowly，you can see snapshots of people's daily lives and interact with them．C．Travelling alters your attitude towards the whole world．D．What's good for the heart is good for the brain，so riding and staying fit is sort of a priority in my life．E．Traveling changes your view of money and what it can do for you．F．Every time you make a roadside stop，you have the opportunity to meet people or see something new．Travel the World by BikeRachel Hugens met her husband，Patrick，while bicycle touring．The Hugenses，who live in Boise，when not on their bikes，recently went on their latest round﹣the﹣world adventure．They visited 36countries on a tour，touching Europe，Africa，Asia and South America．"Traveling by bike is the ultimate freedom，" Rachel said via email．"On a bike，you become part of the scenery．The landscape is not framed by a window．（1）"A growing communityDennis Swift，secretary of the Southwest Idaho Mountain Biking Association，rode across the U．S last year﹣from Seattle to Salem，Massachusetts．Six people started the tour and three finished，riding 52 out of 56 days．They averaged about 60 miles per riding day．"We took quite a few pictures；we didn't keep our head down the whole way，" Swift said．"We got to meet different people．It's the people that are probably most important．"Swift also rode through the Basque Country with a group of Boise cyclists last year．He's planning to participate in a Virginia bike tour this year．"When you get older，your health is the number one priority．" he said，" （2）"Seeing the places in between"Traveling by bicycle forces you to visit the places in between that many backpackers traveling by bus would pass by，" Patrick said．" （3）" The challenges，beyond the obvious mental and physical energy required，include navigating visa requirements，food choices，language barriers，poor riding surfaces and boxing bikes for air travel，Rachel said．Financial flexibility to travelThis is the third time that the couple has quit their jobs to tour．Rachel is a registered nurse；Patrick is an architect．Both regained their former jobs when they returned home in 2000 and 2007．They're uncertain what will happen this time．They've given themselves financial flexibility by paying off their home，commuting to work by bike and avoiding some of the bills that are important parts for most （cell phones，cable TV）．They travel with a ﹩50 daily budget．"（4）"Rachel said．"We've met some cyclists traveling long term on a﹩10 daily budget．They can travel as long as their money lasts，so they're motivated to spend wisely．"IV. Summary Writing （10分）21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．The drug store was closing for the night and Alfred Higgins was about to go home when his new boss approached him．"Empty your pockets please，Alfred，" Sam Carr demanded in a firm voice．Alfred pretended to be shocked but he knew he'd been caught．From his coat he withdrew a make﹣up kit， a lipstick and two tubes of toothpaste．"I'm disappointed in you，Alfred!" said the little gray﹣haired man．"Sorry，Sir．Please forgive me．I've never done such a thing before．" Alfred lied，hoping to gain the old man's sympathy．Mr Carr's brow furrowed （皱眉）as he reached for the phone，"Do you take me for afool？Let's see what the police have to say．But first I'll call your mother and let her know her son is heading to jail．""Do whatever you want，" Alfred shot back，trying to sound big．But deep down he felt like a child．He imagined his mother rushing in，eyes burning with anger，maybe in tears．Yet he wanted her to come quickly before Mr．Carr called the police．Mr．Carr was surprised when Mrs Higgins finally arrived．She was very calm，quiet and friendly．"Is Alfred in trouble？" she asked．"He's been stealing from the store，" the old man coolly replied．Mrs．Higgins put out her hand and touched Mr．Carr's arm with great gentleness as if she knew just how he felt．She spoke as if she did not want to cause him any more trouble．"What do you want to do，Mr．Carr？"The woman's calm and gentle manner disarmed the once﹣angry store﹣owner．"I was going to get a cop．But I don't want to be cruel．Tell your son not to come back here again，and I'll let it go．" Then he warmly shook Mrs．Higgins's hand．Mrs．Higgins thanked the old man for his kindness，then mother and son left．They walked along the street in silence．When they arrived home his mother simply said，"Go to bed，you fool．"In his bedroom，Alfred heard his mother in the kitchen．He felt no shame，only pride in his mother's actions．"She was smooth!" he thought．He went to the kitchen to tell her how great she was，but was shocked by what he saw．His mother's face looked frightened，broken．Not the cool，bright face he saw earlier．Her lips moved nervously．She looked very old．There were tears in her eyes．This picture of his mother made him want to cry．He felt his youth ending．He saw all the troubles he brought her and the deep lines of worry in her grey face．He seemed to have never really seen his mother like that．V. Translation （15分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（3分）这是他第一次一本正经地评价我的衣着．（comment）23．（4分）住校能使学生有更多的时间和精力投入到学业中．（enable）24．（4分）最让我担心的是这孩子除了在线游戏之外，似乎对周围的一切都视而不。
(完整版)2019上海高考英语一模语法填空汇编含答案,推荐文档
上海高考英语题型训练: 语法填空2019 年高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查II. Grammar and VocabularySection A, Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Unit 1, 宝ft区：Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the c ountry (21) (occupy)by the Nazis. There isn't enough to eat, and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decideto "relocate" the country's Jewish population. The Danes don't know (22)their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't know where they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War II, the Nazis (23) (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish.But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of t he Jewish(24) (rescue)during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are m uch (25) (big)than the story itself.Annemarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales. It's a real thing that affects real people. She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough (26) (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annemarie learns t hat (27) (be) brave doesn't mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the f act (28) you are afraid, That's heavy stuff for a children's novel.I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels. It has always been a popular choice. It uses simple language and sentences. It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques like foreshadowing(预示). But it is also interesting, and the characters a re (29) (engage). The plot is full of tension.Lois Lowry. The author, has written award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) has made her so celebrated.21. is occupied 22. why 23.killed 24. rescued 25. bigger26. to make 27. being 28. that 29. engaging 30. that/whichUnit 2, 长宁区：Planting PatriotismYoung boys are not easily shocked, but 12-year-old Preston Sharp sure knows the feeling. “Yeah, I was surprised and even disappointed, ” Preston said , Preston’s mom , April Sharp said , “It is the first t ime I（21）（see）him like this angry and passionate.”What upset her son so much was visiting his grandpa’s grave in Redding, California ,and realizing that not every veteran(老兵) in the cemetery has a flag. So April told him “son, (22) you are going to complain about something, you have to do something about it or let it go”Next thing April knew, Preston was taking on odd jobs and asking for donations（23 (buy) flags and flowers for every veteran in his grandpa’s cemetery. And when that cemetery(24) (cover), he moved on to another, and then another.Here we are，nearly three years and about 65,000 graves later. He does it every week(25) the weather is like，rain or shine---especially rain，” They were out there in the rain doing their j ob, (26) (protect)us，” Preston said，His devotion is infections.When word gets out(27) Preston will be at a cemetery---he has a Facebook page，Preston Sharp/Vet flags and Flowers---people，like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland, feel(28) (oblige)to join in, ”It’s amazing，” Loveland said.” What he’s doing b rings (29) out because we can’t believe a young man in this country is doing what he does, ”It is a movement of young and old, of those who served and those who are so grateful for what they did, all led by a proud grandson(30) saw an injustice and decided to do something about it.21. have seen 22.if/when/whenever 23. to buy 24.was covered/had been covered 25 .whatever 26. protecting 27.that 28. obliged 29. us 30. who/thatUnit 3, 崇明区Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery WorkersA ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living. Many of the workers are immigrants.Electric bicycles, or “e-bikes,” look like regular bicycles, but they have electric- powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much (21) (fast).(22) it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason (23) the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures (24) (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25) also seize the bikes.Many of New York’s delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long h ours (26) (earn) enough money to live on.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27)their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people r efuse to pay for the food, which makes the workers’ supervisors angry.Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New YorkDelivery Workers Union. He says (28) (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers.Do Lee is with the Biking Public P roject, (29) provides assistance to bicycle-related worker s in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. He does not accept the argument (30) e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe.21. faster 22. Although/Though/While 23. for 24. meant 25. can26. to earn 27. because/as/since 28. being caught 29. which 30. thatUnit 4, 奉贤区To Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22) (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons (神经细胞) (24) (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your f ace (25)you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was more important than (27) was objectively occurring in their lives. (28)(give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒）compared with (29) who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.21. have learned 22. abandoning 23. quit 24.to grow 25. so that 26. which27. what 28. Given/Having been given 29. those 30. despite/though/although Unit 5, 虹口区Dear headmaster,On hearing the news that a Reading Festival is to be held on campus on the World Book and Copyright Day and the possible project is open to be recommended, I (21) hardly wait to write to you, sharing my humble opinions.As far as I’m concerned, the theme of the festival can be “sharing”, primarily (22) (consist) of three parts. Firstly, the festival can start with a 30-minute discussion where groups of students can exchange and share what they (23) (expose) to recently, expressing themselves freely. Following this section is the speech. Teacher and student representatives previously selected by us are to share and recommend the book they think really deserving to be read. It’s needless to say that the last sharing section which is the most meaningful is donation, during (24) time everyone present, teachers or students, is expected to donate one or more books to the library. As for w hen (25) (hold) the activity, the afternoon may be an ideal choice so that it won’t interrupt our classes.My advice is justified by the following reasons. First and foremost, it is in the group discussion and exchange that we students can have a thorough idea (26) our peers are reading for the moment, serving as a driving force for our own reading journey. So it is (27) the books recommended. Named by those “idols” in our mind, they will definitely win our heart. As for the donation, the benefits are exactly self-evident. (28) can we share beyond our class or even beyond our school, developing a good campus tradition, but (29) (importantly), these books which are sure to be dusted on our shelves can now be of more value.I’m looking forward to your favorable reply. And (30) is my sincere hope that the festival can be a great success and we can gain a lot from it.Yours, Amy Young21. can 22. consisting 23. have been exposed 24. which 25. to hold26. what 27. with 28. Not only 29. more importantly 30. itUnit 6, 黄浦区Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say 21 toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean t hem.In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported the theft before 22（die）from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms a nd finally 23 （confess）to the crime.24 in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look atthe surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars? “That's all you,” says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell. “That’s biological information.”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from 25 of your friends and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, 26 countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. I n an 27 （early）study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who 28 （use）a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day, microbial signatures m ight show 29 people have gone andwhat they have touched. They could prove 30 an unmarked device is y ours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you?21. the 22. dying 23.confessed 24. Although/Though 25. those26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29. where 30. thatUnit 7, 嘉定区People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, (21) realizing that they’re paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their datato advertisers that want to send (22) (target) messages.Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no i dea (23) they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook — you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules (24) many things—your city, your photo, your friends’ names — were set, by default（默认）, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “(25)(satisfying) experience.”Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, (26) involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they are connecting with their friends online?So far the privacy issue (27) (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set regulations for social-networking sites.I suspect that whatever Facebook has d one (28) (invade) our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering (29) (cancel) my account.Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that (30) information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.21. without 22. targeted 23. what 24. so that 25. less satisfying 26. which 27. has landed 28. to invade 29. cancel(l)ing 30. my Unit 8, 金ft区However depressed you may be feeling now, if you look back, there certainly will have been events that made you happy—maybe the time (21) you bought your first bicycle or you were awarded a scholarship. When good things happen, we feel excited, proud and happy.But the problem is, happiness doesn’t usually last. The excitement of that first bicycle purchase wears off, and the pride in the scholarship gives way to the stress of performing (22) (well) on the next exam.Psychologists call this phenomenon hedonic adaptation (享乐适应症)—that is, (23)good something makes us feel, most of the time we drift back to (24) we started. An often (25) (quote) example is that lottery winners are no happier than non-winners eighteen months after their win.But don’t despair. It is possible to make happiness last. Psychologists have found two anti-adaptation tools that are effective in sustaining happiness: variety and appreciation.Variety is, as we all know, the spice of life. But it’s also a useful weapon (26) adaptation. Positive changes that (27) (experience) in a variety of ways are more likely to lead to lasting happiness. For example, you will feel happier about your volunteer work (28) you are able to cope with new tasks every week. The second tool, appreciation, is in many ways the opposite of adaptation. It’s about focusing on something, instead of letting it fade into the background. It is only when you appreciate s omething (29) an enduring feeling of happiness will follow.Human beings spend a lot of time figuring out what makes them happy, but not enough time (30) (try) to hang on to the happiness they already h ave. This is like focusing all your energy on making more money, without giving any thought to what you will do with the money. The key to happiness is to not only look for new opportunities but also to make the most of the ones you’ve been given. 21. when 22.better 23. no matter how 24. where 25. quoted26. against 27. are experienced 28. if 29. that 30. tryingUnit 9, 静安区“I love the work and experience I’ve gained, but I am frustrated by the disorganized management. Also, I’ve been told I can’t ask for more money. I can get a new job with more pay, but will (21) (leave) within a year hurt my professional reputations?”The answer is , “it depends”.When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the messagethat(22) is terribly wrong, especially in the current economicclimate(23) unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. Thatmeans you will somehow look s uspicious (24) you say about the leave. Saying the work is great but you don’t like management or the pay won’t go over well with employers. To them, it sounds a bit selfish and needy. No doubt, they (25) (question) your ability to be patient or be a good team players.Employers dislike people who are unhappy in job after less than a year. It implies impatience and lack of appreciation for the employer. Plus, you’re getting paid to do work you actually like, so they 26 assume that you can’t put up with a little disorganization. And speaking of pay, most companies work 27 an annual review basis, so suddenly asking for more money doesn’t work for their b udgets. So, what’s the solution?Focus on your desire 28（develop）professionally.“It’s a touch decision to leave this great company. I love the work I am doing. However, it29（make）clear to me that there is no room for me to grow my skills as a professional. My fear is if I stay, I w ill become 30（competitive）down the line. I want to move to a company where I can take my skills and abilities to the next level and create even more value for my employer.”21. leaving 22. it/ something 23. where 24. whatever25. question/ will question 26. may/ might 27. on 28. to develop29. has been made/ is made 30. less competitiveUnit 10, 闵行区We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed (21)they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice. (22) (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, (23) (remain) within their comfort zone. This is why they don’t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never (24) (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress.(25)is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design(26) made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put(27) : “You can’t develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.”In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don’t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strong egos ( 自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (诉讼). The consequence is that (28) learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes (29) (repeat). According tothe Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. (30) healthcare learns to respond p ositivelyto failure, things will not improve.21. if / when 22. To stretch 23. remaining 24. failing 25. What26.which / that 27. it 28.instead of 29. are repeated 30. Until / UnlessUnit 11, 浦东新区Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods?Due to climate change, the world’s endangered lists are no longer just for animals. We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warmer world but a (21) (tasty) one as well.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to globalwarming (22) (continue) to affect weather, we often forget that they are also impacting the quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. Some foods have already felt the impact while (23) may even become scarce within the next 30 years.Whether or not you try to limit y ourself (24) one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world's coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice.Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have been threatening coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield.According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute, half of the present coffee-producing areas (25) (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if current climate patterns continue.With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoing warming of their own, (26) (cause) a decline in fish population, including in lobsters that are cold-blooded creatures, and in salmons(鲑鱼) (27) eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures. Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever (28) (take) with raw seafood, like oysters.And how about that satisfying “crack” which you get when you are eating crabs and lobsters? It could be silenced (29) shellfish have been struggling to build their calciumcarbonate(碳酸钙) shells, which is a result of ocean acidification.Even worse is the possibility (30) we will have no seafood to enjoy at all. In a 2006 Dalhousie University study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050.21. less tasty 22.continues/is continuing 23. others 24. to 25. are estimated 26. causing 27. whose 28.taken 29. because/since/as 30. that Unit 12, 普陀区The Best Book I’ve Ever ReadFrankly, I have read nearly all of the great works of literature, but no book has ever impressed me as deeply or directly (21)Joel Stein’s Man Made: A Stupid Quest for Masendinity.Haven’t we all, on some level, been Jewish boys in New Jersey in (22)1970s with only female friends, an Easy-Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes? Haven’t we all had a panic attack (23) learning we’re going to have a son, since that means we’re going to have to figure out how to throw f ootballs, watch other people throw footballs and d ecide (24) to be happy or sad about the results of football throwing? Haven’t we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man, fighting fires with f irefighters, (25) (drive) a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp? I know I h ave.The only parts I didn’t fully enjoy w ere (26) in which the author suffered horribly. After just three hours of training camp, he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier. The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox, and I hope it gets (27) (turn) into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role, since they remind me so much of each other.(28) this is only Stein’s first book, I would already consider him a s someone like David Sedaris, Dave Barry, James Thurber, Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln. I (29) (recommend) Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also to strangers on Twitter over and over again. My one fear i s (30)after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruel critic of our shallow times.22. as 22. the 23when 24. Whether 25.driving 26. those 27.turned 28. Though/Although/While 29. have recommended 30. that Unit 13, 青浦区Wayward Penguin(企鹅) Released South of New Zealand He needed a little push before speeding backward down a slide. Once in the water, he held his head up for one last look. And then he was gone. The wayward emperor penguin (21) (know) as “Happy Feet” was back home in Antarcti c waters after a temporary stay in New Zealand.Happy Feet was released into the ocean south of New Zealand on Sunday, more than two months after he came ashore on a beach nearly 2,000 miles from home and became an instant celebrity. (22) (speak) from a satellite phone, Wellington Zoo veterinarian Lisa Argilla said Happy Feet’s release went remarkably smoothly. Argilla said crew members from the boat carried the penguin inside his box to the rear part of the ship for his final send-off.(23) when they opened the door of the box, the penguin showed no interest in leaving.“I needed to give him a little tap on his back,” Argilla said.The penguin slipped down the slide on his stomach, bottom first, she said. He resurfaced about 6 feet from the boat, (24) (take) a look up at the people aboard, and then disappeared beneath the surface.“I was really happy to see him go,” Argilla said. “The best part of my job is when you get to release animals back into the w ild (25) they are supposed to be.”The 3-foot-tall bird was found on June 20 on Peka Peka Beach, about 40 miles northwest of New Zealand’s capital, Wellington. It has been 44 years (26)an emperor penguin was last spotted in the wild in New Zealand.At first, conservation authorities said they would wait and let nature take itscourse with the penguin. But it soon became clear the bird’s condition was growing(27) (bad), as he swallowed sand and, likely mistaking it for snow.(28) the world watching, authorities finally took action, moving the penguin to the Wellington Zoo four days after he was discovered. It was at the zoo (29) the bird was given a home in a room filled with a bed of ice so he wouldn’t overheat.Now that Happy Feet (30) (nurse) back to health, his chances are as good as they are for any other penguin in the wild.“He swam away, not caring about us anymore,” Argilla said.She paused.“And that is a good thing,” she said.22. known 22. Speaking 23. But 24. took 25. where 26. since26. worse 28. With 29. that 30. has been nursedUnit 14, 松江区Marvel and Disney Remember Stan LeeToday, Marvel Comics and The Walt Disney Company pause and reflect with great sadness on the passing of Marvel Chairman Emeritus, Stan Lee. With a heavy heart, we share our deepest condolences（哀悼）(21) his daughter and brother, and we honor and remember the creator, voice and champion of M arvel.“Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created. A super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world, Stan had the power to inspire, to entertain, and to connect. Nothing but his h eart (22) exceed the scale of his imagination.” said Bob Iger, Chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney C ompany.Stan Lee loved the (23) (write) word from an early age, and wanted to craft stories like those in his favorite books and films, which he consumed greedily. From a simple upbringing in Manhattan, young Stanley worked his way through a series of jobs (24) he found himself an assistant at a comic book publishing company — Timely Comics.Marvel fans found a friend in Stan Lee. He introduced the famous “Stan’s Soapbox” to speak directly to his r eaders, (25) (reach) a personal level rarely seen in comics of the day. Always pushing for new ways of creating comics, Stan also started the “Marve l method” of plotting and art, creating some o f (26) (fantastic) stories in the industry to this day. An entire generation of young readers expanded and strengthened their vocabulary and knowledge through Stan’s stories.Roy Thomas, (27) succeeded Lee as editor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two days before (28) death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story, and stated “I think he was ready to go. But he was still talking about doing more cameos（配角）. (29) he had the energy for it and didn’t have to travel, Stan was always up (30) (do) something more.”Marvel and the entire Walt Disney Company salute the life and career of Stan Lee and offer their undying gratitude for his unmatchable accomplishments within their halls. Every time you open a Marvel comic, Stan will be there.21. with 22. could 23. written 24. until 25. reaching26. the most fantastic 27. who 28. his 29. As long as/So long as 30. to do。
上海市2019年高三英语模拟试题(含答案)
上海市2019届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a charity shop. B. In a laundry. C. In a dormitory. D. In a clothing store.2. A. $114. B. $86. C. $14. D. $43.3. A. A librarian. B. A secretary. C. A reporter. D. An accountant.4. A. Purchase some ingredients. B. Give the man instructions for the soup.C. Check to see if the soup is ready.D. Write down the directions to the supermarket.5. A. Chocolate is his favourite flavour. B. There’s no more chocolate pudding left.C. He doesn’t want any chocolate pudding.D. He’s already tasted the chocolate pudding.6. A. S he hasn’t called the travel agency yet. B. She doesn’t know when her semester ends.C. The man may have to reschedule his trip.D. The man should take his vacation somewhere else.7. A. Get a ticket from his sister. B. Help his sister out of her conflict.C. Go to the concert with his sister.D. Get a schedule of future performances.8. A. Meet his advisor. B. Track his adviser.C. Adjust his course schedule.D. Follow his course schedule as advised.9. A. He has already paid his landlord for next year’s rent.B. He’s decided how he’s going to spend the prize money.C. He doesn’t know how much his rent is going to increase.D. He’s already planning to enter for next year’s essay contest.10. A. The man can use her electronic dictionary.B. The man should buy a new paper dictionary.C. She can show the man how to use the dictionary.D. She will work more efficiently with his dictionary.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but thequestions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Napping may help prevent seniors’ memory loss.B. Sleep is good for us both mentally and physically.C. Many Americans do not want to admit they take a nap.D. Taking naps is very common in other parts of the world.12. A. They are afraid of becoming lazy. B. They don’t think napping is common.C. They are too energetic to need a nap.D. They don’t want to be considered weak.13. A. Napping is not as effective for people with sleep disorders.B. Napping cafes have been quite common in American cities.C. Resting in the middle of the work day may cost a lot of money.D. Many Americans are changing their offices into napping rooms.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A recent survey on unfriendly neighbours.B. A growth in complaints about neighbours.C. The increasing noises made by neighbours.D. Different views on relations between neighbours.15. A. Selfish attitudes. B. High immigration.C. More crowded space.D. Unwillingness to socialize.16. A. We ought to understand the instances better.B. Explanations for the instances have increased.C. It’s easier to make complaints on TV channels.D. The problem can be viewed from another angle.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The place to buy soap. B. The plans to survive on the campus.C. The way to use drying machines.D. The steps to wash clothes with machines.18. A. It can promote bacteria growth. B. It can produce dirt in the clothes.C. It can be a waste of water and soap.D. It can leave bubbles in the machine.19. A. Excited. B. Shocked. C. Disappointed. D. Embarrassed.20. A. The woman’s mother seldom does things for her.B. American kids become independent even before ten.C. The man and the woman are from different countries.D. In the eye of the man’s mother, independence is important.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery WorkersA ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living. Many of the workers are immigrants.Electric bicycles, or “e-bikes,” look like regular bicycles, but they have electric-powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much (21)_____ (fast).(22)_____ it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason (23)_____ the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures (24)_____ (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25)_____ also seize the bikes.Many of New York’s delivery workers ar e Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours (26)_____ (earn) enough money to live on.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27)_____ their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people refuse to pay for the food, which makes the workers’ supervisors angry.Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union. He says (28)_____ (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers.Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, (29)_____ provides assistance to bicycle-related workers in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. He does not accept the argument (30)_____ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are ExpensiveIt is said that there’s no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to scientists.A new study has found that restaurant 31 who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their 32 of how food tastes.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet (自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the 33 at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to 34 how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.The experiment 35 that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they 36 . However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study 37 at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.Brian Wansink, a professor of 38 behaviour at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you 39 the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.In a(n) 40 study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories (卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How Climate Change Affects Airline FlightsHot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer. This flight-disturbing 41 is a warning sign. Climate change is projected to have far-reaching 42 —including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long-term declines in agricultural production. And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft, with potential effects on airline 43 .National and global transportation systems and the economic activity they support have been designed for the climate in which it all developed. In the aviation (航空) industry, airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced 44 . Because the climate is changing, even fundamental elements like airports and key economic parts like air transportation may need to be45 .As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world, our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect 46 around the world. We’ve found that major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more frequent takeoff weight 47 in the coming decades due toincreasingly common hot temperatures, which can help reduce the aircraft’s weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed.There is obvious evidence that extreme events such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago. And if we 48 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades, the frequency and intensity of these extremes is projected to increase dramatically.The 49 on aviation may be widespread. Many airports are built near sea level, putting them at risk of more frequent 50 as oceans rise. The frequency and intensity of violent air movement may increase in some regions due to strengthening high-altitude (高海拔的) winds. Stronger winds would force airlines and pilots to change flight lengths and routings, potentially increasing fuel 51 .Many departments of the economy, including the aviation industry, have yet to seriously 52the effects of climate change. The sooner, the better: Both airport construction and aircraft design take decades, and have 53 effects. Today’s newest planes may well be flying in 40 or 50 years, and their 54 are being designed now. The earlier climate impacts are understood and appreciated, the more effective and less costly adaptations can be. Those adaptations may even include innovative ways to dramatically reduce climate-altering emissions across the aviation industry, which would help reduce the problem while also 55 it.41. A. scheme B. heat C. shift D. mess42. A. contributions B. confusions C. feedbacks D. consequences43. A. pilots B. reservations C. costs D. accidents44. A. historically B. enormously C. fundamentally D. domestically45. A. retested B. implemented C. prospected D. reengineered46. A. travels B. developments C. flights D. communications47. A. disorders B. gains C. bans D. restrictions48. A. happen B. fail C. aim D. promise49. A. taxes B. effects C. viewpoints D. comments50. A. flooding B. rotting C. repairing D. transferring51. A. standard B. efficiency C. distribution D. consumption52. A. consider B. avoid C. maximize D. demonstrate53. A. greater B. different C. lasting D. direct54. A. airports B. products C. contracts D. replacements55. A. sneezing at B. responding to C. resulting in D. recovering fromSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Flu is killing us. The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future. Yes, we have an annual vaccine (疫苗), and everyone qualified should get it without question. The reality, however, is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines. And the flu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effective in the worst years. We urgently need a much more effective flu vaccine.In the U.S. alone, seasonal flu can cause up to 36 million infections, three-quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56,000 deaths. We are not investing the resources needed to protect ourselves, our loved ones and our communities.Wh y not? We haven’t been hit by a truly destructive widespread disease in a long time. So as individuals, we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and destaff the services we need to protect us.The risk of continued foot dragging is huge. In a severe widespread disease, the U.S. health care system could be defeated in just weeks. Millions of people would be infected by the virus, and would die in the weeks and months following the initial outbreak.The cost of preventing epidemics (流行病) is roughly a tenth of what it costs to cope with them when they hit. In 2012, a call was issued for an annual billion-dollar U.S. commitment to the development of a universal flu vaccine. Six years later, the search for a universal vaccine remains seriously underfunded.The simple reason lies in our collective satisfaction. As soon as headlines about the flu are gone, hospitals are emptied of flu patients, and school and workplace absence rates decline, we go back to business as usual.Leading scientists and public health officials have the capability to keep us much safer from flu. They need your quick and decisive support to succeed. Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones.56. The problem of the current flu vaccines is that _____.A. they are not available every yearB. most Americans are not allowed to get themC. not everyone is qualified for themD. many people still catch flu after getting them57. What does the author mean by “continued foot dragging” in Para graph 4?A. Hospitals cannot meet the needs of patients during flu outbreaks.B. The leaders continue to drag the feet of the patients infected with flu.C. Individuals aren’t alert enough to the underinvestment in flu prevention.D. Flu will certainly become a severe widespread disease in the near future.58. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Science is currently not so developed as to keep us safer from flu.B. The death rate from flu is much higher than that from other diseases.C. The general public is partially to blame for the neglect of flu prevention.D. Developing a universal flu vaccine will cost more than dealing with flu.59. The author wrote the passage mainly to _____.A. teach people more effective ways to fight against fluB. call on people to take flu outbreaks far more seriouslyC. encourage medical scientists to develop more flu vaccinesD. urge the government to publicize the risks of widespread flu（B ）How to get your tax refundAt the storeGet a Global Blue Tax Free Form. If you do not have a SHOP TAX FREE Card, see “How to fill in yourTax Free Forms”.Make sure your Tax Free Form is filled in before arriving at the point of departure.Remember no refund without:♦ CompletedForm ♦ Receipts attached ♦ Customs validation (验证)At the point of departureFor non-EU residents onlyGoods carried in checked-in luggage:1. Check your luggage in at the check-in counter; tell the check-in clerk you need it back for Customspurposes.2. Take the labelled luggage to Customs, show the goods, and have your Tax Free Forms stamped.3. Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate refund service provider.Goods carried in hand luggage:1. Go to Customs after passport control, show the goods, and have your Tax Free Forms stamped.Please note: Customs clearance of goods in hand luggage can only take place at the last EU airportbefore you finally leave the EU.2. Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate bank counter or post it to the appropriate refund serviceprovider.Allow time for the refund process. Go to Customs before or after check-in, see Refund Office list. Presentyour completed Tax Free Forms, receipts, passport, and purchased items to get a stamp.Go to a Refund Office displaying the Global Blue logo (标识). Receive your refund paid to your creditcard within five days or in cash.In a rush? Mail your stamped and completed Tax Free Forms and receipts back to us in the envelopeprovided and get your refund paid to your credit card within three weeks.* EU: European Union60. Whom is the above information intended for?A. EU residents who want to get their tax refunded.B. Non-EU residents who are going to travel in EU.C. EU residents who have Global Blue Tax Free Forms.D. Non-EU residents who are leaving EU after purchases.61. To get your tax refund, you need to _____ after having your luggage checked in if you’ve put yourpurchased goods in your check-in luggage.A. show your purchased goods to the check-in clerkB. cash in your stamped Form at the check-in counterC. take back your luggage to the Customs to get a stampD. go to the Customs to fill in a form without the luggage62. What can be learned from the passage?A. It’s a must to attach the receipts to the form to get your tax refund.B. It’s unnecessary to show your passport to the Customs for a stamp.C. You can get your refund in cash after posting your form if in a hurry.D. You can get your refund by credit card at once at the appropriate counter.（C）A portrait created by artificial intelligence, or AI, made a historicappearance on the auction (拍卖) block at Christie’s in New York Citythis week. It is the first artwork created by an algorithm(算法) to beoffered for auction in the world of fine art.The odd-looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark coat left theauction block at Christie’s for $432,500 on Oct. 25 in New York City.The portrait—designed in the “Old Master” style of European fineartists from centuries ago—appears to represent a man with a vague face, dressed in clothing similar to that worn by people painted by the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn in the 17th century.Of course, a computer didn’t automatically pick up a brush and become an artist. The AI tha t created the image had human programmers—a Parisian art collective called Obvious, Christie’s reported. Their cooperation, titled “Portrait of Edmond De Belamy,” is part of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch $7,000 to $10,000, according to Christie’s.To create the portrait, the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15,000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries, to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art, Obvious artist Hugo Caselles-Dupré told Christie’s. The algorithm that eventually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other, called the Generator (that makes the art) and a Discriminator (that tries to spot the difference between human-created and AI-created images), Caselles-Dupré explained; they called this AI “generative adversarial network” (GAN), Caselles-Dupré explained.GAN’s final image was then printed and framed, according to Obvious. At the bottom of the portrait is a mathematical formula (公式) representing the algorithm that created it, a nod to the relationship between the Generator and the Discriminator, Obvious artists wrote on the collective’s website.The goal of the painting and of Obvious, also co-founded by Hugo Caselles-Dupréand Gauthier Vernier, was to prove “artificial intelligence can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing—it can be creative,” Consumer News and Business Channel reported.Portraiture is a tough task for AI to take on, according to Christie’s, “s ince humans are highly accustomed to the curves and complexities of a face in a way that a machine cannot be.” This difficulty was part of Obvious’ thinking when they created the portrait.“Edmond de Belamy” is one of eleven AI paintings made by Obvious.63. It can be learned from the passage that the portrait “Edmond de Belamy” _____.A. was sold at an unexpectedly high priceB. was the first artwork sold at an auctionC. is a painting created by means of brushD. is a man who once appeared at the auction64. To create a portrait, AI needs to _____.A. learn from plenty of imagesB. use an algorithm with many partsC. work against human paintersD. recognize its human programmers65. What can be concluded from the passage?A. The mathematical formula at the bottom of the portrait is meaningless.B. The portrait was made to prove algorithms are able to imitate creativity.C. It is more difficult for AI to operate driverless cars than to paint a portrait.D. AI is better at painting the curves and complexities of a face than a human.66. The passage mainly tells us that _____.A. AI will soon replace man in some fieldsB. an AI-created portrait sells high at an auctionC. a proper algorithm is the key for AI to create artD. AI-created paintings are better received at auctionsSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms, for which t here’s a good reason. That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals, some of which can be highly poisonous.67 Many of these contain volatile (挥发性的) organic compounds (VOCs), some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities. Others are just bad for you.“It’s a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances,” said Jeff Gearhart, Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan. The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years, and has noted some improvement. But Gearhart says there is still work to be done.“There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles,” he said. “Since these chemicals are not regulated, consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face.”68 Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches, dizziness, etc., depending on the sensitivity of an individual.According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system—or even cancer.69The danger is the greatest when the car is new, and that new car smell is most noticeable. 70It is the release of chemical vapours, which leads to the smell. Heat from a vehicle left in the sun can make matters worse, and speed up the chemical reaction. The danger is reduced over time, and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months.Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated(通风的), especially during the first six months of ownership. Park in the shade with the windows open when it’s safe to do so, or at least try to air it out before getting inside—especially on hot days.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.Take Care of Your Spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, it’s important to take care of it.Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn’t comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Staying still for too long—even if yourposture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions. Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine.Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement (补充物). Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应。