Extra Passage 2
剑桥雅思4Test2passage2阅读答案解析
剑桥雅思4Test2passage2阅读答案解析－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－虽然剑桥雅思已经出到了剑11，但是剑桥雅思4还是很有参考价值，今天雅思给大家带来了：剑桥雅思4Test2passage2阅读答案解析。
相应的原文及翻译，请点击：剑桥雅思4Test2阅读passage2原文+译文：澳大利亚的另类疗法。
更多解析，请点击：剑桥雅思4解析。
剑4下载，请点击：passage1部分查看，请点击：剑桥雅思4Test2阅读passage1原文+译文：语言的消失剑桥雅思4Test2passage1阅读答案解析剑桥雅思4Test2passage2阅读答案解析Question 14答案：C关键词：Western定位原文：第1段第1句“Australia has been unusual in the Western world in having a very conservative attitude to natural or alternative therapies, according to Dr Paul Laver, a lecturer in Public Health at the University of Sydney.”解题思路：A答案说澳大利亚医生与制药公司关系紧密，属于完全未提及型答案。
B答案认为澳大利亚医生总是和其他医师一同工作，与文中所说的事实恰好相反。
D答案说澳大利亚医生会开出另类处方，这也是不正确的。
只有C答案与文章叙述相符。
Question 15答案：B关键词：Americans定位原文：第1段倒数第1句“Americans made more visits to alternative therapists than to orthodox doctors in 1990, and each year they spend about $US 12 billion on therapies that have not been scientifically tested.”解题思路：文中这句话说1990年美国人去看另类疗法医师的次数比去看传统医生的次数还多。
TPO extra2 听力文本
Conversation 1NarratorListen to a conversation between a student and an admissions officer at City College.StudentHi. Can I ask you a few questions about starting classes during your summer session? Admissions officerSure. Ask away! It starts next week, you know.StudentYeah, and I want to get some required courses out of the way so I can... maybe can graduate one term earlier and get out into the job market sooner.Admissions officerThat sounds like a good idea. Let me pull up the summer school database on my computer here...StudentOK.Admissions officerOK, there it is. What's your student ID number?StudentOh, well, the thing is... I'm not actually admitted here. I'll be starting school upstate at Hooper University in the fall. But I'm down here for the summer, staying with my grandparents, 'cause I have a summer job near here.Admissions officerOh, I see, well...StudentSo I'm outta luck?Admissions officerWell, you would be if you were starting anywhere but Hooper. But City College has a sort of special relationship with Hooper... a full exchange agreement... so our students can take classes at Hooper and vice versa. So if you can show me proof... um, your admissions letter from Hooper, then I can get you into our system here and give you an ID number.StudentOh, cool. So... um... I wanna take a math course and a science course—preferably biology. And I was also hoping to get my English composition course out of the way, too.Admissions officerWell all three of those courses are offered in the summer, but you've gotta understand that summer courses are condensed—you meet longer hours and all the assignments are doubled up because... it's the same amount of information presented and tested as in a regular term, but it's only six weeks long. Two courses are considered full time in summer term. Even if you weren't working, I couldn't let you register for more than that.StudentYeah, I was half expecting that. What about the schedule? Are classes only offered during the day?Admissions officerWell, during the week, we have some classes in the daytime and some at night, and on the weekends, we have some classes all day Saturday or all day Sunday for the six weeks.StudentMy job is pretty flexible, so one on a weekday and one on a weekend shouldn't be any problem. OK, so after I bring you my admissions letter, how do I sign up for the classes?Admissions officerWell, as soon as your student ID number is assigned and your information is in our admissions system, you can register by phone almost immediately.StudentWhat about financial aid? Is it possible to get it for the summer?Admissions officerSorry, but that's something you would've had to work out long before now. But the good news is that the tuition for our courses is about half of what you're going to be paying at Hooper. StudentOh, well that helps! Thank you so much for answering all my questions. I'll be back tomorrow with my letter.Admissions officerI won't be here then, but do you see that lady sitting at that desk over there? That's Ms. Brinker. I'll leave her a note about what we discussed, and she'll get you started.StudentCool.Lecture 1NarratorListen to part of a lecture in a world history class.ProfessorIn any introductory course, I think it's always a good idea to step back and ask ourselves "What are we studying in this class, and why are we studying it?"So, for example, when you looked at the title of this course in the catalog—"Introduction to World History'—what did you think you were getting into... what made you sign up for it—besides filling the social-science requirement?Anyone...?Male studentWell... just the—the history—of everything... you know, starting at the beginning... with (I)guess, the Greeks and Romans... the Middle Ages, the Renaissance... you know, that kinda stuff... like what we did in high school.ProfessorOK... Now, what you're describing is one approach to world history.In fact, there are several approaches—basic "models" or "conceptual frameworks" of what westudy when we "do" history. And what you studied in high school—what I call the "Western-Heritage Model," this used to be the most common approach in U.S. high schools and colleges ... in fact, it's the model I learned with, when I was growing up back—oh, about a hundred years ago...Uh... at Middletown High School, up in Maine... I guess it made sense to my teachers back then —since, well, the history of western Europe was the cultural heritage of everyone in my class... and this remained the dominant approach in most U.S. schools till... oh, maybe... 30, 40 years ago... But it doesn't take more than a quick look around campus—even just this classroom today—to see that the student body in the U.S. is much more diverse than my little class in Middletown High... and this Western-Heritage Model was eventually replaced by—or sometimes combined with—one or more of the newer approaches... and I wanna take a minute to describe these to you today, so you can see where this course fits in.OK... so... up until the mid-twentieth century, the basic purpose of most world-history courses was to learn about a set of values... institutions... ideas... which were considered the "heritage" of the people of Europe—things like ... democracy... legal systems... types of social organization... artistic achievements...Now, as I said, this model gives us a rather limited view of history. So, in the 1960s and '70s it was combined with—or replaced by—what I call the "Different-Cultures Model." The '60s were a period in which people were demanding more relevance in the curriculum, and there was criticism of the European focus that you were likely to find in all the academic disciplines. For the most part, the Different-Cultures Model didn't challenge the basic assumptions of the Western-Heritage Model. What it did was insist on representing other civilizations and cultural categories, in addition to those of western Europe...In other words, the heritage of all people: not just what goes back to the Greeks and Romans, but also the origins of African... Asian... Native American civilizations. Though more inclusive, it's still, basically, a "heritage model"... which brings us to a third approach, what I call the "Patterns-of-Change Model."Like the Different-Cultures Model, this model presents a wide cultural perspective. But, with this model, we're no longer limited by notions of fixed cultural or geographical boundaries. So, then, studying world history is not so much a question of how a particular nation or ethnic group developed, but rather it's a look at common themes—conflicts... trends—that cut across modern-day borders of nations or ethnic groups. In my opinion, this is the best way of studying history, to better understand current-day trends and conflicts.For example, let's take the study of the Islamic world. Well, when I first learned about Islamic civilization, it was from the perspective of Europeans. Now, with the Patterns-of-Change Model, we're looking at the past through a wider lens. So we would be more interested, say, in how interactions with Islamic civilization—the religion... art... literature—affected cultures in Africa... India... Spain... and so on.Or... let's take another example. Instead of looking at each cultural group as having a separate, linear development from some ancient origin, in this course we'll be looking for the common themes that go beyond cultural or regional distinctions. So... instead of studying... a particular succession of British kings... or a dynasty of Chinese emperors... in this course, we'll be looking at the broader concepts of monarchy, imperialism... and political transformation.Lecture 2NarratorListen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class.ProfessorOK, now let's talk about another environmental concern—soil erosion. It's a major problem, all around the world. Sometimes erosion damages soil so severely that the land can no longer be cultivated and it's just abandoned. That happened in a big way right here in the United States. Some of you have probably read the novel The Grapes of Wrath. And maybe you remember that the story took place in the 1930s, during the time of what was called the Dust Bowl.Dust Bowl is a term we use to describe an ecological and human disaster that took place in the southern Great Plains region. For nearly eight years, dust and sand blew across the area and covered everything. It was so bad it even made breathing and eating difficult... and farmers could only look on helplessly as their crops were destroyed and the land... and their lives... ruined.Now, there'd always been droughts and strong winds in that region. But that was OK because the native grasses had deep roots in the ground that were able to hold the soil in place. So the wind wasn't able to, you know, erode the soil too badly. This changed, though, between 1900 and 1930. Agriculture was expanding rapidly then, and lots of farmers in the southern Great Plains wanted to grow wheat and other crops they could sell for cash—uh, crops that would be profitable. So they ripped up much of the grassland to plant these crops like wheat, which don't hold the soil down nearly as well. At the same time, livestock—uh, cattle, too many of them—were feeding on grasses in the area and damaging a lot of the grassland. So these animals caused even more erosion of the soil.It didn't help that many of the actual owners of the land were not living anywhere near the area —a lot of the landowners lived way back east, and rented out the land to local people who lived on the land and worked on it, but, um, didn't have much reason to take really good care of it. I mean, it wasn't their land, right? The tenant farmers weren't really interested in conserving someone else's soil—not for the long term, anyway.Also, some thought the land couldn't really be damaged—you know, that the soil was so rich and deep that... it didn't matter if the topsoil, the soil on the surface, blew away. They thought they could just plow up more. But they were wrong. Good topsoil takes a long time to form—it can literally take thousands of years to create good topsoil that will grow vegetation—and a very short time to ruin it. So after only a few years of excessive plowing, the land pretty much couldn't be farmed anymore. And people moved on to other places and let the old areas just sit there. And when they didn't plant anything on that land, that made it vulnerable to even more erosion. So it was kind of a vicious cycle, you could say.Another problem, ironically, was that advances in technology were actually destroying the land, instead of improving it. A lot of farmers were using huge new tractors that dug deep into the ground and tore up a lot ofthe soil.And then, of course, there was the weather. You know, when people look back on the Dust Bowl era, they tend to blame the drought—the lack of rain between 1934 and 1937. We can't ignore the drought—I mean, it was the worst on record at the time and did help bring on this disaster. But—without the soil destruction—the drought alone wouldn't have resulted in the devastation we call the Dust Bowl. It was poor farming techniques that made that happen.Since then, though, we've paid more attention to trying to preventa future Dust Bowl. One thing Congress did was enact a massive government effort to improve soil conservation, called the Soil Erosion Act. Under this law, large stretches of land in the southern Great Plains were identified as being at risk for erosion and were taken out of production and turned into permanent grassland. What that did—by protecting the land from excessive farming—was to stabilize the soil. Also, the Soil Erosion Act helped educate farmers to practice better soil conservation techniques, like reducing how often they plowed and using better equipment that would, you know, minimize damage to the soil structure.Conversation 2NarratorListen to a conversation between a student and his academic advisor.StudentExcuse me, Ms. Chambers? Um, I don't have an appointment, but I was kinda wondering if you had a minute to help me with something.Academic advisorOh, sure. Have a seat.What's on your mind?StudentWell, uh... I guess I really don't know where to start... It's not just one class. It's... I'm not doing all that great. Like on my homework assignments. And in class. And I don't know why. I mean, I just don't get it I-I read the assignments and I do the homework and I'm still not doing too well... Academic advisorUm, which classes? You mean, like Spanish... you're taking Spanish, right?StudentOh, no, not Spanish... if it weren't for Spanish I'd really be in trouble... no, but it's really all the others, psychology and sociology especially.Academic advisorIs it the material, what you read in the textbooks? You don't understand it?StudentNo, that's just it—I think I understand stuff when I read it...Academic advisorYou don't re...StudentRemember? Well, I remember names and definitions, but... like, in class, when the professor asks us about the theories, what they're all about, I never have the answer.Academic advisorSounds like you're trying to learn by memorizing details, instead of picking out the main points of the reading. So, tell me, how do you study?StudentWell, I—I... I mean, I read the assigned chapters, and Itryto underline everything... like all of the words I don't know, and I always memorize the definitions. But, I dunno, when I get back in class, it always seems like the other students've gotten a better handle on what was in the reading. So, maybe it's just me...Academic advisorOh, it's not. Believe me. Lots of students... You know, my first year as a college student (I)really had a hard time. I spent hours reading in the library... but I was just wasting time, 'cause I wasn't really studying the right things. I did the same sort of thing it sounds like you're doing, not focusing on what's really important in the reading, but on the smaller details.StudentYeah, maybe. But I spend so much time studying, it seems like I should be doing better. Academic advisorThe first year of college can be a little overwhelming, I know. Point is, lots of students have trouble adjusting at first, you know, figuring out how to study, how to use their time, you know, to your best advantage. It's good that you do the assigned readings... but, you've... well, I think you're unnecessarily underlining and memorizing. That takes a lot of time, and, well, it's not the best use of your time. Here's something you can do: when you read, just read the assigned sections, and then... and without looking back at the text—write a summary of the key points, the main ideas in the chapter. And after you do that, it-it's good to go back and reread the text. And you look for any examples you can find to support those key points. Let me show you an example of what I mean.Lecture 3NarratorListen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.ProfessorI'll tell you a story about how one astronomy problem was solved. It happened many years ago, but you'll see that it's interesting and still relevant. Two, three hundred years ago, astronomers already had telescopes, but they were not as powerful as those we have now. Let's say... they were at the level of telescopes amateur astronomers use today. Tell me, what do you see in the night sky when you use a telescope like that? Quick, tell me.Female studentPlanets...ProfessorRight...Male studentEven... like... the moons of Jupiter?ProfessorRight...Female studentStars.ProfessorOK... what else?... You think that's all?... Ever heard of nebulae?... I bet you have... Well, let's just, um, put it up anyway...Nebulae are small fuzzy patches you see in the sky, they look like little clouds. Many of them have a spiral shape, and that's why we called them spiral nebulae... So astronomers in the eighteenth century... eighteenth century... when they looked through the telescope, they could see planets—and they knew those were planets... the moons of Jupiter—and they knew they were the moons of Jupiter... and then they saw spiral nebulae and they didn't have a clue.What could those be? So, some of them thought—"these things are cloudy and fuzzy, so they're probably small clouds of cosmic dust, and they don't have to be very far away from us." But there were others who thought, "OK, the things look small and fuzzy, but maybe they're actually distant galaxies of stars, but we can't see the stars, because they're so far away and they seem so tiny that they look like dust, and even the whole galaxy looks like a tiny little cloud."Which of the two theories do you think was more... uh, surprising?Male studentThe galaxy one.ProfessorAnd why?Male studentWell, I mean it assumed that the nebulae are not what they look like at first sight. The first theory assumed that, right?ProfessorOK. And now tell me this... which one would have seemed more likely at the time?Male studentUh... They couldn't tell.ProfessorRight. Two morals here: first, there can be different explanations for the same observation. And second, "obvious" doesn't necessarily mean "right" ... What happened next was... for a long time nothing. More than 150 years. No one could decide... Both hypotheses seemed plausible... And a lot was at stake—because if the galaxy-theory was right, it would be proof that the universe is enormous... and if the dust theory was right... maybe not so enormous. So the size of the universe was at stake... Finally in the 1920s we came up with a telescope that was strong enough to tell us something new here. When we used it to look at the spiral nebulae, we saw... well, we were not absolutely sure... but it really looked like there were stars in those nebulae. So not dust after all, but stars...But how far away were they, really? How would you measure that? Any ideas? Laura? Female studentWell, how about measuring how strong those stars shine? Because, if the star is far away, then its light would be weak, right?ProfessorYes... but there's a problem here. You need to know how bright the star is in the first place, because some stars are naturally much brighter than others. So, if you see a star that's weak... it can mean one of two things...Female studentOh... it's either far away or it's just a weak star.ProfessorAnd you can't really always tell which. But you're on the right track. There is a kind of star where you can calculate its natural brightness... and—you guessed it—we found some in the nebulae. It's called a variable star—or a "variable" for short—because its brightness varies in regular intervals. I won't go into detail here, but... basically... the longer the interval, the brighter the star, so from the length of those intervals we were able to calculate their natural brightness. This told us how distant they were—and many turned out to be very, very far away. So we can be sure that the spiral nebulae really are very distant galaxies—which is what some eighteenth-century astronomers guessed but didn't have the instruments to prove...Now, one reason I told you this story is that today there are still plenty of situations when we see something out there, but we really aren't sure what it is. An example of one such mysterious observation would be gamma-ray bursters.We've known about these gamma-ray bursters for a long time now, but we can't all agree on what they are.Lecture 4NarratorListen to part of a lecture in an art history class.ProfessorToday we're going to talk about how to look at a piece of art, how to "read" it—what you should look for... what aspects of it you should evaluate. A lot of people think that if you stand in front of a work of art and gaze at it for a couple of minutes, you're evaluating it. But truly reading a piece of art, evaluating it properly, is a complex process, a process that takes time.When we're confronted with a piece of art, there're several things we have to keep in mind, for example, its beauty... that's where aesthetics comes in.Aesthetics is the philosophy that deals with the definition of beauty, which goes all the way back to ancient Greece. They, um, the early Greek philosophers said that beauty and art are based on imitation. Their feeling about art was that it's beautiful when it imitates life; they thought that the truthfulness of an image, how truthful it is to life, determines its value as art. Today we have a broader definition of aesthetics.Now don't identify aesthetics as personal taste. Taste is bound by time; taste is tied to a society, a given set of moral values, usually. You may not like a piece of art from a different culture—it may not be your taste—but you appreciate its beauty 'cause you recognize certain aesthetic principles, Art generally adheres to certain aesthetic principles like balance, uh, balanced proportions, contrast, movement, or rhythm.We'll discuss aesthetics more in detail when we look at some pieces of art together. Another thing to keep in mind in evaluating art is that art has a purpose, generally determined by the artist.You may not know what it is, and you don't need to know what it is to appreciate a piece of art, but it helps. For example, if you know what the artist's purpose is... if you know that a piece of art expresses the artist's feeling about a political or social situation, you'll probably look at it differently.Now, besides beauty and purpose, what are the other aspects of a piece of art that need to be evaluated? Very simple—you examine a piece of art following these four formal steps. The first step is description... describe physical characteristics of the piece—like this painting is large, it's oil on canvas. Describe the subject—it's a person, it's a landscape—or predominant colors like, um, earth colors... that's a description.OK? So, you've described the piece. The next step is analysis. You're looking at the piece for any universal symbols, characters, or themes it might contain. Certain symbols are universal, and the artist counts on your understanding of symbols. Even colors have symbolic significance, as you may know. And also objects depicted in a piece of art are often used to represent an abstract idea. Like wheels or spheres—they look like circles, right?—so wheels and spheres represent wholeness and continuity. I have a handout, a list of these symbols and images and their interpretations, that I'll give you later. But for now, the point is that after you describe the piece of art, you analyze its content... you determine whether it contains elements that the artist is using to try to convey a certain meaning.If it does, the next step is interpretation. Interpretation follows analysis very closely. You try to interpret the meaning of the symbols you identified in the piece. Almost all art has an obvious and an implied meaning. The implied meaning is hidden in the symbolic system expressed in the piece of art. What we see depicted is one scene, but there can be several levels of meaning. Your interpretation of these symbols makes clear what the artist is trying to tell us.The last step is judgment or opinion—what do you think of the piece, is it powerful or boring?—but I give that hardly any weight. If the four steps were to be divided up into a chart, then description, analysis, and interpretation would take up 99 percent. Your opinion is not important in understanding a piece of art. It's nice to say: I like it... I wouldn't mind hanging it over my couch, but to evaluate a piece of art, it's not critical.OK. Now you know what I mean by "reading" a piece of art, and what it entails. Try to keep all that in mind next time you go to an art museum. I can tell you right now that you probably won't be able to look at more than 12 pieces of art during that visit,OK, now let's look at a slide of a piece of art and try to "read" it together.。
剑桥雅思阅读9(test1)原文答案解析
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剑桥雅思阅读9原文(test1)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.William Henry PerkinThe man who invented synthetic dyesWilliam Henry Perkin was born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin’s curiosity prompted early intere sts in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather’s home that solidified the young man’s enthusiasm for chemistry.As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemist’s enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he becameHofmann’s youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge.During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on th e top floor of his family’s house. He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkin’s scientific training and nature prompted him to investigate the substance further. Incorporating potassium dichromate and alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he finally produced a deep purple solution. And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur’s words ‘chance favours only the prepared mind’, Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions. Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkin’sdiscovery was made.Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making it the world’s first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting it. But perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin’s reactions to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low. So, over the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry.With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited byproduct of London’s gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the world’s first synthetically dyed material in 1857. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country. Not to be outdone, England’s Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.Although Perkin’s fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Among other dyes he developed and introduced were aniline red (1859)and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin’s green. It is important to note that Perkin’s synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the merely decorative. The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways. For instance, they were used to stain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.Questions 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry.2 Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.3 Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.4 Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.5 The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.6 Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.7 Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.Questions 8-13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.8 Before Perkin’s discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?12 In what country did Perkin’s newly invented colour first become fashionable?13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A-E.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planetsii Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisations iii Vast distances to Earth’s closest neighboursiv Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrial intelligencev Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligencevi Knowledge of extra-terrestrial life formsvii Likelihood of life on other planetsExample AnswerParagraph A v14 Paragraph B15 Paragraph C16 Paragraph D17 Paragraph EIS THERE ANYBODY OUT THERE?The Search for Extra-terrestrial IntelligenceThe question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals from other intelligent civilisations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI (search for extra-terrestrial intelligence), is a difficult one. Although groups around the world have been searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life.AThe primary reason for the search is basic curiosity hethe same curiosity about the natural world that drives all pure science. We want to know whether we are alone in the Universe. We want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions, or whether there is something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety of life forms that, we seearound us on the planet. The simple detection of a radio signal will be sufficient to answer this most basic of all questions. In this sense, SETI is another cog in the machinery of pure science which is continually pushing out the horizon of our knowledge. However, there are other reasons for being interested in whether life exists elsewhere. For example, we have had civilisation on Earth for perhaps only a few thousand years, and the threats of nuclear war and pollution over the last few decades have told us that our survival may be tenuous. Will we last another two thousand years or will we wipe ourselves out? Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our galaxy, their ages will range from zero to several billion years. Thus any other civilisation that we hear from is likely to be far older, on average, than ourselves. The mere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term survival is possible, and gives us some cause for optimism. It is even possible that the older civilisation may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven’t yet discovered.BIn discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don’t consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration (although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form,quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.CEven when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited. We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.DAn alien civilistation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz travel the greatest distance, and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking forradio waves in this frequency range. So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches has been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct, a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world’s largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high sensitivity for signals in the frequency rang 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the project is an undirected search which is monitoring all of space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller antennas of NASA’s Deep Space Network.EThere is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent. Would the human race face the culture shock if faced with a superior and much older civilisation? Luckily, there is no urgency about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away, so it takes hundreds of years for their signal toreach us, and a further few hundred years for our reply to reach them. It’s not important, then, if there’s a delay of a few years, or decades, while the human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps carefully drafts a reply.Questions 18-20Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 18-20 on your answer sheet.18 What is the life expectancy of Earth?19 What kind of signals from other intelligent civilisations are SETI scientists searching for?20 How many stars are the world’s most powerful radio telescopes searching?Questions 21-26Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this21 Alien civilisations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious problems.22 SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways.23 The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects.24 So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars.25 The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.26 If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The history of the tortoiseIf you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. And we mustn’t forget the pla nts, without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction. Nevertheless, a good number of thorough going land animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to the water again. Seals have only gone part way back. They show us what the intermediates might have been like, on the way to extreme cases such as whales and dugongs. Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close cousins the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don’t even come ashoreto breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation. Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air. However, they are, in one respect, less fully given back to the water than whales or dugongs, for turtles still lay their eggs on beaches.There is evidence that all modern turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor which lived before most of the dinosaurs. There are two key fossils called Proganochelys quenstedti and Plaeochersis talampayensis dating from early dinosaur times, which appear to be close to the ancestry of all modern turtles and tortoises. You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived on land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it’s obvious. Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water. With turtles it is a little less obvious. One way to tell is by measuring the bones of their forelimbs.Walter Joyce and Jacques Gauthier, at Yale University, obtained three measurements in these particular bones of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises. They used a kind of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements against one another. All the land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the upper part of the triangle; all the water turtles cluster in the lower part of the triangular graph. There was no overlap, except when they added some species that spend time both in water and on land. Sure enough, these amphibious species show up on the triangular graph approximately half way between the ‘wet cluster’ of sea turtles and the ‘dry cluster’of land tortoises. The next step was to determine where the fossils fell. The bones of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis leave us in no doubt. Their points on the graph are right in the thick of the dry cluster. Both these fossils were dry-land tortoises. They come from the era before our turtles returned to the water.You might think, therefore, that modern land tortoises have probably stayed on land ever since those early terrestrial times, as most mammals did after a few of them went back to the sea. But apparently not. If you draw out the family three of all modern turtles and tortoises, nearly all the branches are aquatic. Today’s land tortoises constitute a single branch, deeply nested among branches consisting of aquatic turtles. This suggests that modern land tortoises have not stayed on land continuously since the time of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis. Rather, their ancestors were among those who went back to the water, and they then reemerged back onto the land in (relatively) more recent times.Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return. In common with all mammals, reptiles and birds, their remote ancestors were marine fish and before that various more or less worm-like creatures stretching back, still in the sea, to the primeval bacteria. Later ancestors lived on land and stayed there for a very large number of generations. Later ancestors still evolved back into the water and became sea turtles. And finally they returned yet again to the land as tortoises, some of which now live in the driest of deserts.Questions 27-30Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate?28 Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto lands?29 Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?30 which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled?Questions 31-33Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this31 Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.32 It is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilised remains are incomplete.33 The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their fossilised remains.Questions 34-39Complete the flow-chart below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 34-39 on your answer sheet.Method of determining where the ancestors of turtles and tortoises come fromStep 171 species of living turtles and tortoises were examined anda total of 34 ……………………. were taken from the bones of theirforelimbs.Step 2The data was recorded on a 35 ……………….. (necessary for comparing the information).Outcome: Land tortoises were represented by a dense 36 …………………………… of points towards the top.Sea turtles were grouped together in the bottom part.Step 3The same data was collected from some living 37 ………………. species and added to the other results.Outcome: The points for these species turned out to be positioned about 38 ……………… up the triangle between the land tortoises and the sea turtles.Step 4Bones of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis were examined in a similar way and the results added.Outcome: The position of the points indicated that both these ancient creatures were 39…………..Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is thatA they are able to adapt to life in extremely dry environments.B their original life form was a kind of primeval bacteria.C they have so much in common with sea turtles.D they have made the transition from sea to land more than once.剑桥雅思阅读9原文参考译文(test1)PASSAGE 1参考译文：William Henry Perkin 合成染料的发明者Wiliam Henry Perkin于1838年3月12日出生于英国伦敦。
英语泛读教程3第三版(刘乃银编)平台答案解析(含cloze和extrapassage)
Unit 1Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.d 7.d 8.cD. 1.a 2.d 3.d 4.a 5.d 6.c 7.d 8.bFast reading1.d2.b3.d4.d5.a6.a7.b8.a9.a 10.d 11.c 12.b 13.b 14.d 15.cHome Reading1.d2.a3.c4.d5.d6.a7.a8. bCloze11．going/about/trying2．expectations/predictions3．questions4．answers5． predictions/expectations6．Tell7．know/foretell8．develop/present9．worthExtra Passage 1 Key：BBCAUnit 2Text: ExercisesA: bB. 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.c 7.c 8.aD. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.a 8.a 9.cFast reading1.d2.b3.b4.d5.c6.b7.d8.b9.d 10.b 11.c 12.d 13.d 14.b 15.dHome Reading1.c2.b3.d4.c5.c6.d7.b8. b9.dCloze 21. communicate2. ways.3. using4. of5. Message6. meet7. causes8. Meanings9. to10. eyesExtra Passage 2 Key: ADBCBText: ExercisesA: dB. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.a 5.b 6.b 7.d 8.d 9.d 10.cD. 1.b 2.d 3.d 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.c 9.a 10.a Fast reading1.c2.b3.b4.b5.a6.c7.c8.d9.d 10.a 11.c 12.c 13.d 14.a 15.dHome Reading1.d2.b3.c4.b5.d6.d7.b8. d9.bCloze31．poor2．habits3．Lies4． little5．Unfortunately6．what7．slows8．one reads.9． than10．Comprehension11． cover Extra Passage 3 Key: DBABAText: ExercisesA: cB. 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.d 7.cD. 1.a 2.b 3.d 4.b 5.b 6.a 7.d 8.d 9.a 10.d 11.b12.c Fast reading1.d2.b3.c4.c5.d6.b7.d8.a9.d 10.d 11.b 12.a 13.d 14.c 15.dHome Reading1.d2.a3.d4.a5.c6.b7.c8.dCloze 41. studied2.Satisfaction3.reduced4.reported5.whose6.published7.on8.such9.illustrate/show/indicate10. contributionsExtra Passage 4 Key: ADDBText: ExercisesA: cB. 1.a 2.b 3.d 4.a 5.a 6.d 7.c 8.b 9.dD. 1.d 2.b 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.d 7.a 8.b 9.c 10.b 11.d12.a Fast reading1.c2.a3.a4.b5.d6.c7.b8.d9.d 10.c 11.c 12.d 13.b 14.a 15.bHome Reading1.b2.c3.c4.d5.b6.d7.cCloze 51.Fluent2.abilities/ability/competence/proficiency/aptitude3.other4.meansnguage6.Contac7.reason8.pick9.point10. aptitude/competenceExtra Passage 5 Key：BBDAText: ExercisesA: bB. 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.b 6.d 7.d 8.a 9.dD. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.a 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.a 9.a 10.c 11.a12.b Fast reading1.c2.a3.b4.c5.d6.a7.a8.d9.c 10.b 11.c 12.c 13.d 14.a 15.bHome Reading1.c2.c3.d4.c5.d6.a7.b8.cCloze 61.lure2.playing3.resistance4.prefer5.weak/poor6.example/instance7.offered8.off9.far10.asExtra Passage 6 Key: BCCDBText: ExercisesA: dB. 1.a 2.c 3.b 4.d 5.a 6.d 7.c 8.a 9.a 10.cD. 1.a 2.b 3.a 4.a 5.c 6.d 7.a 8.c 9.c 10.d 11.a12.d Fast reading1.d2.b3.a4.c5.a6.c7.d8.d9.b 10.b（网上练习里面增加了for Many Women） 11.d 12.c 13.a 14.c 15.d Home Reading1.c2.b3.a4.d5.b6.c7.d8.d9.b 10.cCloze 71．Among2．Completed3．Impact4．sit5．catch/attract/arrest/capture6．but7．attention8．Action9．popular10．lessExtra Passage 7 Key：CABCText: ExercisesA: cB. 1.c 2.d 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.d 7.c 8.c 9.bD. 1.a 2.b 3.d 4.a 5.c 6.a 7.a 8.aFast reading1.c2.c3.a4.c5.d6.b7.b8.d9.a 10.d 11.b 12.a 13.b 14.d 15.dHome Reading1.d2.b3.d4.b5.c6.c7.b8.c9.dCloze 81．reluctant/ unwilling2．up3．provide4．hired/employed5．job/working6．what7．for8．opportunity9．but10. likelyExtra Passage 8 Key：DCBCText: ExercisesA: cB. 1.b 2.c 3.c 4.b 5.c 6.d 7.b 8.b 9.aD. 1.d 2.c 3.b 4.a 5.b 6.d 7.a 8.c 9.b 10.a11.cFast reading1.d2.c3.b4.c5.a6.b7.c8.c9.b 10.c 11.b 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.BHome Reading1.d2.c3.d4.c5.a6.b7.dCloze 91.with2.than3.linked4.that5.presenting6.out.es8.Distinguish9.devoted10.shortExtra Passage 9 Key：DBDCC .Unit 10Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.c 9.a 10.cD. 1.d 2.c 3.d 4.b 5.c 6.a 7.c 8.a 9.d 10.c11.b 12.d Fast reading1.d2.b3.d4.c5.c6.d7.c8.c9.d 10.b 11.b 12.d 13.d 14.c 15.aHome Reading1.c2.a3.d4.c5.b6.a7.c8.b9.bCloze 101．encounter2．rule3．context4．Target5．With6．sense7．approaches/ways/methods8．on9．from10．despiteExtra Passage10 Key：CADAUnit 11Text: ExercisesA: dB. 1.a 2.d 3.a 4.c 5.c 6.d 7.c 8.bD. 1.a 2.b 3.a 4.c 5.b 6.d 7.c 8.a 9.a 10.b 11.a12.d 13.cFast reading1.d2.c3.d4.a5.b6.c7.c8.b9.d 10.a 11.c 12.c 13.b 14.c 15.aHome Reading1.b2.c3.a4.d5.b6.b7.c8.d9.d 10.d Cloze 111. Into2. where_3. on4. to5. average6. back7. so8. from9. longer10. costExtra Passage 11 Key：CABBUnit 12Text: ExercisesA: bB. 1.b 2.b 3.b 4.d 5.d 6.c 7.b 8.cD. 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.d 6.a 7.c 8.d 9.b 10.a 11.d12.c 13.aFast reading1.b2.b3.d4.d5.c6.d7.b8.d9.b 10.c 11.c 12.d 13.c 14.b 15.dHome Reading1.b2.c3.d4.c5.c6.b7.a8.d9.b 10.b 11.cCloze 12person-t o-person basis by the simplewe travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we aregive information or opinions, receive news or comment, and very likely have our views challenged by otherFace-to-face contact isbecome one of the dominating factors of contemporary society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communicationindustry. inventiveness has led advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itselfExtra Passage 12 Key: BDCBUnit 13Text: ExercisesA: aB. 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.bD. 1.c 2.b 3.a 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.a 8.b 9.d 10.b Fast reading1.c2.d3.a4.c5.c6.c7.a8.c9.c 10.d 11.b 12.d 13.b 14.d 15.bHome Reading1.b2.d3.b4.c5.c6.b7.d8.dCloze 13Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society whichconsisted members of own sex. How would you was something definitely wrong with you, you woul dn’t be too happy about it, to say the least.– conditions which theyAny discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One ofthey require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to getto know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They areacademic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is ( to give just a small example ) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice-versa. When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexesis fostered. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its proper place. Extra Passage 13 Key: DCDAUnit 14Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.d 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.d 6.d 7.a 8.bD. 1.d 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.b 9.a 10.d11.bFast reading1.d2.d3.a4.b5.b6.b7.d8.d9.c 10.a 11.d12.c 13.a 14.c 15.bHome Reading1.c2.d3.c4.d5.a6.d7.dExtra Passage 14 Key: CACCDUnit 15Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.a 2.b 3.b 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.c 8.c 9.d 10.b11.bD. 1.b 2.a 3.b 4.c 5.c 6.a 7.C 8.a 9.c 10.d 11.b12.bFast reading1.c2.a3.c4.c5.b6.a7.c8.c9.d 10.c 11.d 12.d 13.a 14.d 15.aHome Reading1.c2.d3.a4.c5.d6.d7.c8.cExtra Passage 15 Key: CBBDA。
新视野大学英语视听说2Passage汇总.pdf
Unit1Passage 1I began learning Spanish when I was in high school, using a traditional academic method of studying verbs, sentence structures, and grammar by using textbooks and not much else. I found it very easy to learn, but was frustrated with the slow pace and repetitive nature of all my Spanish classes. So I worked extra hard in my spare time and asked my teacher if I could skip alevel by the end of the semester.This was unsuccessful, however, because the school was not willing to test me or otherwise prove that I could be successful in the top level after skipping a level. This made things even more frustrating, as then I was stuck in a class where I already knew the material!Then I went on to college where I then used the language extensively both in and out of the classroom. I studied Spanish literature, culture, and linguistics and very much enjoyed the cultural and linguistic elements, but found thein-depth study of literature a very unbalanced way to study Spanish.I got a lot out of using my Spanish outside of the classroom, including a trip to Mexico with a church group, where I found myself acting as an interpreter. It was certainly challenging, but it was also a lot of fun.I then also volunteered to be an interpreter in the community schools and also used my Spanish to teach English to some Spanish speakers. This is probably where I learned the most!Passage 2Have you ever heard of homeschooling? It is a legal choice for parents in most countries to provide their children with a learning environment as an 1) alternative to public or private schools outside the home. Parents cite 2) numerous reasons for homeschooling their children. The three reasons that are selected by the majority of parents in the United States are the concern about the 3) traditional school environment, the lack of religious or moral instruction, and the dissatisfaction with the 4) academic instruction at public and private schools. Homeschooling may also be a factor in the choice of parenting style. Homeschooling can be a choice for families living in isolated 5) countryside or living briefly abroad. Also many young 6) athletes and actors are taught at home.Homeschoolers often 7) take advantage of educational opportunities at museums, libraries, community centers, athletic clubs, after-school programs, churches, parks, and other community resources. 8) Secondary school level students may take classes at community colleges, which typically have open admission policies.Groups of homeschooling families often join up together to create homeschool co-ops. These groups typically meet once a week and provide a classroom environment. These are family-centered support groups whose members seek to pool their talents and resources 9) in a collective effort to broaden the scope of their children's education. They provide a classroom environment where students can do hands-on and group learning such as performing, science experiments, art projects, foreign language study, spelling contests, discussions, etc. Parents whose children take the classes 10) serve as volunteers to keep costs low and make the program a success.TestMany people go to school for an education. They learn languages, history, (1) political methods, geography, physics, chemistry, and mathematics. Others go to school to learn skills in order to make a living. (2)Traditional education is very useful and important. Yet, no one can (3)acquire everything from school.A teacher, no matter how much he knows, cannot teach his students everything they want to know. The teacher's main job is to show his students how to learn. He teaches them how to read and how to think. So, much more is to be learned outside school by the students themselves.It is always more important to know how to study by oneself than to (4)bear in mind some facts or some skills. It is quite easy to learn a certain fact in history or a formula in mathematics. But it is very (5) difficult to use a formula in working out a math problem.Great scientists didn't get everything from school. Edison didn't even finish junior school. And yet, he (6) invented so many new things. These scientists were so (7)successful, but their teachers only showed them the way. The (8) reason for their success was that they knew how to study. They read books that they were not taught at school. They would ask many questions as they read. They did (9)thousands of experiments. They worked hard all their lives, wasting not a single moment. Most important was that they knew how to use their (10)brains.Unit 2Passage 1I believe watching nature programs on television is not going to give us and our children a real experience of nature. On the contrary, they may distance us from nature — actual nature — even further.Because real nature experiences mean contact with nature. It means being with and within nature, to experience it with all five senses.True, TV programs give us joy but they will never be able to help us form a relationship with nature. We watch our small screens come alive with the vividcolors and we all let out "aahhhh..." and "wooooow". But, never once will we feel the pleasure of being close to nature.Worse still — the programs such as those on the Discovery Channel make nature seem so strange, and so far away, in the forests of the Amazon or in the wilds of Africa. Children may grow up without even realizing that the flowers, plants or a couple of trees in their backyard are nature and they are equally precious. The truth is — nature is so close to us. We don't need to go anywhere far to enjoy such experiences. It is right there in our backyards. Or, in parks, gardens, forests, or national parks.All we need to do is make an effort to get closer to nature — know it, appreciate it, and explore it. Feeling the soil under our feet and the wind in our hair; listening to the sound of the fallen leaves and taking in the smell of the wet soil — all these are pure joy to the senses that we must experience.Passage 2I have never been able to understand people who don't see the point in traveling. The common reason is that traveling is a waste of time and money. I've heard some are 1) scared to travel too far away. I can't help but feel sorry particularly for those who 2) perceive the experience of seeing a new place as a 100 percent 3) negative one. Telling them stories about unusual encounters doesn't 4) result in the expected curiosity but a "Why would you wanna go there!?" It makes me 5) lose faith in humanity. Experience is the best teacher and knowledge is power. The things traveling can teach you are beautiful because you learn to trust in what you see rather than what you are told.It was Mark Twain who said, "Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry andnarrow-mindedness," which in my mind 6) goes down as the closest to the truth about traveling. Too bad there aren't enough people with the means to travel actually doing it. If you have the means to go abroad, you should do it despite going out of your comfort zone. You might realize why you loved it once you're back home.I think traveling is also the best thing you could do if you feel 7) depressed at home, don't know what to do with your future, your life, your partner —anything. Once you are away, 8) preferably somewhere very new and unknown, you are forced to 9) adapt and meet people. This works especially if you travel alone. A new life and especially the new relationships you build, even if only for a short period of time, 10) reveal opportunities and views you never would have thought of and had otherwise.TestNowadays it is very common for people to get away on a (1)vacation trip any time. People from all (2)walks of life, both young and old, enjoy traveling. Some even consider traveling as part of their (3)routine lifestyle.Most of the younger travelers tend to seek fun, discovery and (4)adventure in their travels. They prefer to visit strange and exotic (异国情调的) places. The older travelers, on the other hand, tend to look for a more pleasant and enjoyable trip. In fact, it was not too long ago that an increasing number of older people started to go for leisure trips more often. It could be that after spending a major part of their life working so hard, they felt that they needed to enjoy the fruits of their labor. Leisure traveling has become a (5)treat they give to themselves for the years of hard work they have done.Perhaps, the reason for the (6)popularity of traveling is that more people have come to realize its benefits. When we visit other countries, we (7)gain a better understanding of the people living there. We learn about their culture, history and background. We discover the (8)similarities they have with us, as well as their differences from us.Also, traveling helps to enrich our lives. It increases our knowledge and widens our (9)perspective. When we visit interesting places, we discover new people and things, which not only provide us fun, but also provide us (10)marvelous insights and enlightens our minds.Unit 3Passage 1Since I'm a student, I go to school on weekdays and so I don't have too much free time. I usually spend six or seven hours at school. After that I either go downtown for some shopping or go home and study. If I have some free time during the week I might read a book or watch TV. Lately my evenings have been spent preparing for my graduation examination, which takes up a lot of time.Even though I have a lot to do, I still have some free time for leisure activities. On weekends I like to go with my family to our cottage. I like taking long walks around the countryside and I like watching the seasons change. I have the most free time during the summer months. One of my favorite activities is to go canoeing with my friends. We borrow a couple of canoes and choose a nice spot on the river to begin. We spend the day floating down the river. Sometimes if it gets hot we jump in the water and go swimming. Of course we take breaks during the day; we stop along the river to prepare some food or to visit a local pub. In the evening we set up our tents and make a campfire. We spend the evening talking, singing songs, and enjoying nature. We often cook some sausages over the campfire. And one of my favorite things to do is wrap potatoes in foil and then cook them in the hot ashes. These wonderful trips, just like summer, always end too soon.Passage 2Rock climbing is an activity in which participants climb up, down or across natural rock formations or artificial rock walls. The goal of rock climbing is to reach the top of a formation or the endpoint of a predefined route without falling. Rock climbing competitions have 1) objectives of completing the route in the quickest possible time or reaching the 2) farthest point along an ever increasingly harder route. While not an Olympic event, rock climbing is 3) recognized by the International Olympic Committee as a sport.Rock climbing has been 4) separated into several different styles and subdisciplines. At its most basic, rock climbing 5) involves climbing a route with one's own hands and feet and little more than a cushioned bouldering pad for protection. This style of climbing 6) is referred to as bouldering, since the relevant routes are usually found on boulders no more than 10 to 15 feet tall. As routes get higher off the ground, the increased risk of 7) life-threatening injuries makes additional safety measures necessary. Climbers will usually work in pairs and use a system of ropes and anchors 8) designed to catch fallers.Rock climbing is a physically and mentally demanding sport that tests a climber's strength, 9) endurance, and balance along with their mental control. It can be a dangerous sport and climbers are 10) putting themselves at risk when they go climbing. However, the risk can be reduced by having the knowledge of proper climbing techniques and using specialized climbing equipment.TestMost young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind: football, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering.Those who (1)have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often (2)looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardships, and to (3)take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused (4)probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to (5)ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering (6)attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If we compare mountaineering with other more (7)familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a "team game". We are wrong about this. Yes, it's true that there are no "matches" between"teams" of climbers. But when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is (8)obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are more(9)powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport(10)requires high mental and physical qualities.Unit 4Passage 1Bill Gates was born on October 28, 1955 in a family having a rich business, political and community service background. From childhood Bill was intelligent and competitive. In school, he had excellent records in mathematics and science. Still he was getting very bored in school and his parents knew it, so they always tried to feed him with more information to keep him busy. Bill's parents came to know about their son's intelligence and decided to send him to a private school, known for its serious academic environment. It was a very important decision in Bill's life, and it was there that he was introduced to a computer. Bill Gates and his friends were very much interested in the world of programming and formed the "Programmers Group" in late 1968. In the next year, they got their first opportunity in Information Sciences Inc. in which they were selected as programmers. Bill and his close friend Allen developed a small computer to measure traffic flow and they earned around $20,000 from this project. In 1973, he left home for Harvard University. He did well there, but he didn't find it interesting. He spent many long nights in front of the school's computer and the next day was asleep in class. Bill and his friend Allen remained in close contact even though Allen was away in Washington State University. They would often discuss new ideas for future projects and the possibility of starting a business one day. At the end of Bill's first year, Allen moved closer to him so that they could follow some of their ideas. Within a year, Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard, and then formed Microsoft with Allen.Passage 2Florence Nightingale was a celebrated English social reformer and the founder of modern nursing. She became famous while serving as a nurse during the Crimean War, where she tended to wounded soldiers. Early 21st century 1) commentators have asserted that Nightingale's achievements in the Crimean War had been 2) exaggerated by the media to satisfy the public's need for a hero. But later on her achievements remain widely accepted and she has generally been well regarded by historians.Nightingale was born to a wealthy upper-class family, at a time when women of her class were expected to 3) focus on marriage and child bearing. Her father had progressive social views, providing his daughter with a well-rounded education that included math, and supported her desire to 4) lead an active life.Nightingale rejected proposals of marriage so as to be free to pursue her calling. In 1860, Nightingale 5) laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment of her nursing school in London. It was the first nursing school in the world. The Nightingale Pledge taken by new nurses was named in her honor, and the 6) annual International Nurses Day is celebrated around the world on her birthday. She made 7) a series of social reforms including improving health care for all sections of British society; improving healthcare and 8) advocating for better hunger relief in India; helping to 9) abolish laws that were overly harsh to women; and expanding the acceptable forms of female participation in the workforce. Nightingale's ability to effect reform rested on her extraordinary skills, her good reputation, and her network of 10) influential friends.TestUnless you've been living under a rock, by now you have heard of Lance Armstrong. The unusual thing here is that you may have heard of him, but not always for the same reason. Some know him as a (1)champion cyclist who set the world record by winning the Tour de France six times. Others may know of him through his humanitarian works. Still others may know him as a cancer survivor who decided to meet the (2)challenges and came out the winner.(3)Regardless of how you know him, just knowing of him at all offers your life(4)inspiration when you may need it most.Millions around the world properly celebrate him and his lofty accomplishments, his (5)remarkable recovery from what was feared to be terminal cancer, his exhausting training program, his (6)legendary endurance, his dauntless determination, and his unequalled (7)dominance of cyclin's premier event.But what explains the enormous interest in Armstrong's success —or that of any other sports hero? Why do sports fans set such a strong personal stake in the victories of their heroes? After all, little of any practical significance depends on such victories; a seventh Armstrong —win won't get his fans a raise or help send their children to college. Why do sports have such an enormous, enduring (8)appeal in human life?The answer lies in a rarely recognized aspect of sports: their moral significance. Those of us who, physically, cannot cycle 2,000 miles or run the 100 meters in 9 seconds can still (9)aspire to significant achievements. The vision of Armstrong's (10)magnificent abilities and dauntless determination engenders in the best of us the question: What might I accomplish in my field and in my life if I embodied the same degree of dedication?Unit 5Passage 1Living in the city is hard enough for a single person, but if you have kids life can get more complex. Finding ways to keep the little ones occupied can be afull-time job. So it should be no surprise that parents will go to great lengths to get a little peace and quiet.However, when I first got to know that some parents bought their young children — not teenagers — iPads, I was shocked. Who spends $500 on an iPad for a young child when so many adults in the United States go without or have limited access to computers and the Internet? Whatever happened to Lego, building blocks and colored pencils? And for those slightly older kids how about a good, old-fashioned book instead of an iPad for the car journey to the beach?Recently, I was at dinner with a couple and I brought up the subject of parents buying iPads for their young children. I was curious to see how they responded since I knew they had three young kids. It turned out they are a part of this growing trend. The iPad can download or stream cartoons, so it makes for excellent entertainment when they're trying to get to the grocery store or head out of the city for the annual family vacation. But the best thing about iPads is that there are games and educational applications for nearly every age level. It got me thinking that maybe my first reaction was a little too "reactionary". Now I can understand the parents a little better. If I had three kids and was living in the city they would probably have an iPad, too.Passage 2Around the world smart cities are being built while those we have lived in for centuries are being upgraded for the future. A smart city may mean one that uses data on traffic to ease congestion or one that aims to 1) join up services to provide better information for citizens. For many it is about making cities greener and more efficient. It is partly a 2) reaction to overcrowding and pollution and partly because in an ever-connected world it 3) makes increasing sense to hook entire cities up to the network.Masdar is a city that stands in the middle of the desert of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. It is designed to be one of the most 4) sustainable cities on the planet. With a solar power station at its heart and wind farms providing energy for it, it 5) aims to be carbon free. Everything in the city, from water to rubbish, is measured and 6) monitored, becoming a source of information. The city is built on a raised platform to allow its "digital plumbers" easy 7) access to the system of advanced technologies that run it. It is pedestrian-friendly and entirely car free. The city is 8) experimenting with a network of electric driverless podcars. The PRT — personal rapid transit — will run six meters under street level across the city. The buildings in the city have been designed by Norman Foster's architecture firm, which designed a number of 9)eye-catching buildings including The City Hall in London.It is hoped that 40,000 people will eventually live in the city, with up to 50,000 10) commuting there each day.TestOf the many problems in the world today, none is as (1)widespread or as old as crime. Crime has many forms, including crimes against (2)property, person, and government. In all its forms crime (3)penetrates every layer of society and touches every human being. You may never have been (4)robbed, but you suffer the increased cost of store-bought items because of others' shoplifting, and you pay higher taxes because of others' tax evasion (逃避). Whatever you do, wherever you live, you are a (5)victim of crime whether you like it or not, whether you know it or not.Some people (6)argue about who is really to blame for criminal behavior: the individual or society. Researchers in the United States and Canada have identified several factors in society that (7)contribute to the crime rate: massive urbanization, unemployment and poverty, and a large immigrant (8)population. Other countries are more affected by factors such as politics, government corruption and religion. However, the most important problem that still(9)remains unsolved is how to stop crime from happening. So far, different types of solutions have been (10)proposed to combat various specific crimes. But they are not all very effective. Therefore, more effective measures and more powerful actions are to be taken against all sorts of crimes so that our world may be a better place to live in.Unit 6Passage 1In 1964, 19 million women were employed in the United States. Today they total 65 million, working in a wide variety of industries and increasingly pursuing higher education. The number of working women who have attended college has increased 200 percent since 1970, and the undergraduate class of XXXX was 57 percent female.Yet as far as women have come, they still earn on average only 81.2 percent as much as men and remain in lower-end jobs. What are the best-paying jobs for women? Using data on the weekly earnings of full-time workers in XXXX collected by BLS, we discovered that tech and health care is where the money's at.Female physicians and surgeons topped the list. These women earned a median of $1,618 per week, or about $84,000 a year, more than any other profession tracked by the BLS. Male doctors continue to earn more than female doctors, but the pay gap has narrowed each year; it's now at 29 percent versus 41 percent two years ago.Interestingly, the second best-paying job for women is a pharmacist. Female pharmacists make a median of $1,605 per week or about $83,500 annually, nearly as much as physicians and surgeons and more than chief executives, which came in at No. 3 on our list. Women account for 48 percent of thepharmacy profession and earn 83 percent as much as male pharmacists. Meanwhile, only 26 percent of CEOs are women, and they earn just 72 percent as much as their male peers.Now women have been moving into relatively higher-paying jobs that were traditionally male-dominated. It's been a very positive development. Overall, the gender pay gap is narrowing.Passage 2When you receive a job offer, it's important to take the time to carefully 1) evaluate the offer so you are making a sensible decision to accept or to reject it.Consider the entire 2) compensation package — salary, benefits, working environment — not just your paycheck. Money isn't the only factor to consider, but, it is an important one. Is the offer what you expected? If not, is it a salary you can accept without feeling insulted? If it isn't what you expected, consider 3) negotiating salary with your future employer.Before accepting a job, be sure that you are clear on the hours you need to work. Also, 4) confirm what, if any, travel is involved. If the position requires 45 or 50 hours of work a week and you're used to working 35 hours, consider whether you will have difficulty committing to the 5) schedule.The bottom line in accepting a job offer is that there really isn't one. Everyone has a different set of personal 6) circumstances. What might be the perfect job for you could be an awful job for someone else.It's much easier to 7) turn down an offer than to leave a job that you have already started. The same is true for your potential employer. The employer would prefer that you decline, rather than having to 8) start over the hiring process a couple of weeks down the road if you don't 9) work out. So, do take the time to thoroughly consider the offer. Ask questions, if you have them. Take your time to make an educated, 10) informed decision so you feel sure that you and the company make an excellent match.TestEvery day we hear about people making radical career changes. The(1)opportunities exist, but will all these changes make us any happier once we get there? The following are four (2)practical steps toward coming to terms with why you do what you're doing.First, realize that your job does not (3)define you, but how you do it does. Any job can be done well, done with (4)compassion, done with care. Second, stop (5)focusing on the money. Money will never be enough. Seeing where your money is really going can help you to refocus your spending toward the things you really want. Getting paid is only one small part of what you do; your work has to be more than just a pay check to be cashed. Third, find the(6)significance in what you do. This may require you to (7)think big, but it canbe done. Take some time to really think about what you do. The perspective (8)plays a huge role in personal satisfaction and the sense of well-being. Try to remember why you've taken the job in the first place. Fourth, dare to ask yourself if it's worth it. Maybe all that's needed is some refocusing. Learn to say "no". As long as you can choose the things you spend your time on, don't (9)attend events or meetings only because everyone expects it.Take a look at your life. How would you describe it? (10)Contented? Rushed? Exciting? Stressful? Moving forward? Being held back? For many of us it's all of the above at times. There are things we dream of doing one day; there are things we wish we could forget. What would your life look like if you could start over with a clean slate?Unit 7Passage 1"Wilfing", or surfing the Web without any real purpose, has become a new national pastime. It is the virtual equivalent of window shopping, and a lot of us seem to be spending a lot of time doing it.Although a newly-identified habit, more than two-thirds of the 33.7 million Internet users in the UK admit to at least occasional "wilfing", while browsing the Internet.The attraction of pop-up sites and flashing online advertisements is too appealing to resist for many Internet users. Almost a quarter of those surveyed said they spent 30 percent or more of their Internet time wilfing — the equivalent of spending an entire working day every fortnight pointlessly jumping between random pages.The YouGov survey of more than 2,400 Web users found that shopping websites are the most likely destinations for wilfers. Other popular pulls include news, music and travel websites.The poll found the tendency to wilf is more widespread among men than women. Gazing at a series of pointless web pages also appeared to be the preserve of the young, with people aged 55 or over being three times less likely to browse absent-mindedly than those under 25.The time-consuming practice appears to have destructive effects, too: A third of males admitted that wilfing has a damaging effect on the relationship with their partners.One in five confessed to being "distracted" from work or study by adult entertainment websites, which often use pop-up mechanisms and bulk emails to trap users into transferring to their pages.Passage 2The New York Police Department (NYPD) announced it will form a new unit to search social media as part of the combined efforts against criminals. This is。
英语泛读教程1第三版(刘乃银编)问题详解(含cloze和extra passage)
U1Part A: cPart B: c, d, d, a, d, c, a, c, dPart C: b, b, d, d, a, d, c, b, d, dFast Reading (P8)c, d, b, c, aa/d, a, c, d, ac, c, b, c, dHome Reading (P15)d, b, b, a/d, c, b, a, b, d, cExtra Passage for Careful-ReadingA, C, D, B, B, C1. [A]【定位】第2段第3句。
【解析】根据原文该句母亲所问的问题可以推断母亲接到电话的时候，第一个反应是“担心”，因此本题应选选项A。
本题最具有干扰性的是选项C，suspicious和第2段最后一句中的suspect属于同一个词族，但要注意的是，在文中suspect是“猜想”的意思，而不是“怀疑”的意思，而suspicious只有“怀疑的、可疑的”意思，这样来看就知道选项C不符合原文的内容了。
2. [C]【定位】第4段最后两句。
【解析】可以说，母亲的朋友也应该是老年人，他们应该也像母亲一样很少能和儿女聚会，由此可推断，他们认为作者通过邀请母亲吃饭而表达对母亲的爱，作者这样做让他们很感动，因此本题应选选项C。
作者和母亲的晚餐聚会发生在原文提到impressed这个动作之后，而原文没有提及在聚会之后朋友们的感觉，因此选项A是不正确的；选项D是几乎每个父母都有的感觉，朋友们不可能因此而感动。
3. [D]【定位】第5段第2句。
【解析】从原文前5段的内容可以推断母亲觉得自己像第一夫人是因为她那天很高兴，能和儿子一起吃饭让她觉得很得意，而且也以儿子为荣，因此，本题选择选项D最合适。
我们可以用另一个方法快速锁定正确答案。
原文该句中的as if 表示一种感觉，在四个选项中，只有选项D中的felt表示感觉，其他三个选项的动词都用于描述现实，在这种情况下，即使选项C中的important在现实中也可用来形容当第一夫人的感觉，也可以马上排除了。
英语泛读教程第三版刘乃银编平台答案含cloze和etr精编asse
英语泛读教程第三版刘乃银编平台答案含c l o z e和e t r精编a s s e文件编码（TTU-UITID-GGBKT-POIU-WUUI-0089）U n i t 1Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.d 7.d 8.cD. 1.a 2.d 3.d 4.a 5.d 6.c 7.d 8.bFast reading1.d2.b3.d4.d5.a6.a7.b8.a9.a 10.d 11.c 12.b 13.b 14.d 15.cHome Reading1.d2.a3.c4.d5.d6.a7.a8. bCloze11．going/about/trying2．expectations/predictions3．questions4．answers5． predictions/expectations6．Tell7．know/foretell8．develop/present9．worthExtra Passage 1 Key：BBCAUnit 2Text: ExercisesA: bB. 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.c 7.c 8.aD. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.a 8.a 9.cFast reading1.d2.b3.b4.d5.c6.b7.d8.b9.d 10.b 11.c 12.d 13.d 14.b 15.dHome Reading1.c2.b3.d4.c5.c6.d7.b8. b9.d Cloze 21. communicate2. ways.3. using4. of5. Message6. meet7. causes8. Meanings9. to10. eyesExtra Passage 2 Key: ADBCBUnit 3Text: ExercisesA: dB. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.a 5.b 6.b 7.d 8.d 9.d 10.cD. 1.b 2.d 3.d 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.c 9.a 10.aFast reading1.c2.b3.b4.b5.a6.c7.c8.d9.d 10.a 11.c 12.c 13.d 14.a 15.dHome Reading1.d2.b3.c4.b5.d6.d7.b8. d9.bCloze31．poor2．habits3．Lies4． little5．Unfortunately6．what7．slows8．one reads.9． than10．Comprehension11． cover Extra Passage 3 Key: DBABAUnit 4Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.d 7.cD. 1.a 2.b 3.d 4.b 5.b 6.a 7.d 8.d 9.a 10.d11.b 12.c Fast reading1.d2.b3.c4.c5.d6.b7.d8.a9.d 10.d 11.b 12.a 13.d 14.c 15.dHome Reading1.d2.a3.d4.a5.c6.b7.c8.dCloze 41. studied2.Satisfaction3.reduced4.reported5.whose6.published7.on8.such9.illustrate/show/indicate10. contributionsExtra Passage 4 Key: ADDB Unit 5Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.a 2.b 3.d 4.a 5.a 6.d 7.c 8.b 9.dD. 1.d 2.b 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.d 7.a 8.b 9.c 10.b11.d 12.a Fast reading1.c2.a3.a4.b5.d6.c7.b8.d9.d 10.c 11.c 12.d 13.b 14.a 15.bHome Reading1.b2.c3.c4.d5.b6.d7.cCloze 51.Fluent2.abilities/ability/competence/proficiency/aptitude3.other4.meansnguage6.Contac7.reason8.pick9.point10. aptitude/competenceExtra Passage 5 Key：BBDAUnit 6Text: ExercisesA: bB. 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.b 6.d 7.d 8.a 9.dD. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.a 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.a 9.a 10.c11.a 12.b Fast reading1.c2.a3.b4.c5.d6.a7.a8.d9.c 10.b 11.c 12.c 13.d 14.a 15.bHome Reading1.c2.c3.d4.c5.d6.a7.b8.cCloze 61.lure2.playing3.resistance4.prefer5.weak/poor6.example/instance7.offered8.off9.far10.asExtra Passage 6 Key: BCCDBUnit 7Text: ExercisesA: dB. 1.a 2.c 3.b 4.d 5.a 6.d 7.c 8.a 9.a 10.cD. 1.a 2.b 3.a 4.a 5.c 6.d 7.a 8.c 9.c 10.d11.a 12.d Fast reading1.d2.b3.a4.c5.a6.c7.d8.d9.b 10.b（网上练习里面增加了for Many Women） 11.d 12.c 13.a 14.c 15.dHome Reading1.c2.b3.a4.d5.b6.c7.d8.d9.b 10.cCloze 71．Among2．Completed3．Impact4．sit5．catch/attract/arrest/capture6．but7．attention8．Action9．popular10．lessExtra Passage 7 Key：CABCUnit 8Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.c 2.d 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.d 7.c 8.c 9.bD. 1.a 2.b 3.d 4.a 5.c 6.a 7.a 8.aFast reading1.c2.c3.a4.c5.d6.b7.b8.d9.a 10.d 11.b 12.a 13.b 14.d 15.dHome Reading1.d2.b3.d4.b5.c6.c7.b8.c9.dCloze 81．reluctant/ unwilling2．up3．provide4．hired/employed5．job/working6．what7．for8．opportunity9．but10. likelyExtra Passage 8 Key：DCBCUnit 9Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.b 2.c 3.c 4.b 5.c 6.d 7.b 8.b 9.aD. 1.d 2.c 3.b 4.a 5.b 6.d 7.a 8.c 9.b 10.a11.cFast reading1.d2.c3.b4.c5.a6.b7.c8.c9.b 10.c 11.b 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.BHome Reading1.d2.c3.d4.c5.a6.b7.dCloze 91.with2.than3.linked4.that5.presenting6.out.es8.Distinguish9.devoted10.shortExtra Passage 9 Key：DBDCC .Unit 10Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.c 9.a 10.cD. 1.d 2.c 3.d 4.b 5.c 6.a 7.c 8.a 9.d 10.c11.b 12.d Fast reading1.d2.b3.d4.c5.c6.d7.c8.c9.d 10.b 11.b 12.d 13.d 14.c 15.aHome Reading1.c2.a3.d4.c5.b6.a7.c8.b9.bCloze 101．encounter2．rule3．context4．Target5．With6．sense7．approaches/ways/methods 8．on9．from10．despiteExtra Passage10 Key：CADAUnit 11Text: ExercisesA: dB. 1.a 2.d 3.a 4.c 5.c 6.d 7.c 8.bD. 1.a 2.b 3.a 4.c 5.b 6.d 7.c 8.a 9.a 10.b 11.a12.d 13.cFast reading1.d2.c3.d4.a5.b6.c7.c8.b9.d 10.a 11.c 12.c 13.b 14.c 15.aHome Reading1.b2.c3.a4.d5.b6.b7.c8.d9.d 10.dCloze 111. Into2. where_3. on4. to5. average6. back7. so8. from9. longer10. costExtra Passage 11 Key：CABBUnit 12Text: ExercisesA: bB. 1.b 2.b 3.b 4.d 5.d 6.c 7.b 8.cD. 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.d 6.a 7.c 8.d 9.b 10.a 11.d12.c 13.aFast reading1.b2.b3.d4.d5.c6.d7.b8.d9.b 10.c 11.c 12.d 13.c 14.b 15.dHome Reading1.b2.c3.d4.c5.c6.b7.a8.d9.b 10.b 11.cCloze 12Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-t o-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations where we give information or opinions, receive news or comment, and very likely have our views challenged by other members of society.Face-to-face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to nationalnews, which itself i s often almost eclipsed by international news.Extra Passage 12 Key: BDCBUnit 13Text: ExercisesA: aB. 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.bD. 1.c 2.b 3.a 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.a 8.b 9.d 10.bFast reading1.c2.d3.a4.c5.c6.c7.a8.c9.c 10.d 11.b 12.d 13.b 14.d 15.bHome Reading1.b2.d3.b4.c5.c6.b7.d8.dCloze 13Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only ofthere was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldn’t be too happy about it, to say the least. Itabnormal conditions on their children – conditionsone minute!Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost amongrequire to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunityto get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a positionand many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is ( to give just a small example ) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice-versa. When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its proper place.Extra Passage 13 Key: DCDAUnit 14Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.d 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.d 6.d 7.a 8.bD. 1.d 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.b 9.a 10.d11.bFast reading1.d2.d3.a4.b5.b6.b7.d8.d9.c 10.a 11.d 12.c 13.a 14.c 15.bHome Reading1.c2.d3.c4.d5.a6.d7.dExtra Passage 14 Key: CACCDUnit 15Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.a 2.b 3.b 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.c 8.c 9.d 10.b11.bD. 1.b 2.a 3.b 4.c 5.c 6.a 7.C 8.a 9.c 10.d 11.b12.bFast reading1.c2.a3.c4.c5.b6.a7.c8.c9.d 10.c 11.d 12.d 13.a 14.d 15.aHome Reading1.c2.d3.a4.c5.d6.d7.c8.cExtra Passage 15 Key: CBBDA赠送常用精致线性可编辑小图标。
(完整版)托福TPOextra答案解析和原文翻译
TPO 34阅读解析第一篇Population and Climate【P1】地球人口的增长已经对大气和生态环境产生了影响。
化石燃料的燃烧，毁林，城市化，种植大米，养殖家畜，生产作为助推燃料和制冷剂的CFC增加了空气中CO2，甲烷，二氧化氮，二氧化硫灰尘和CFOs 的含量。
约70%的太阳能量穿过大气直射地球表面。
太阳射线提高了土地和海洋表面的温度，随后土地和海洋表面将红外射线反射会太空中。
这能使地球避免温度过高。
但是并不是所有的红外射线被返回会太空中，一些被大气中的气体吸收，然后再次反射回地球表面。
温室气体就是其中吸收了红外射线的一种气体，然后再次反射一些红外线到地球。
二氧化碳，CFC，甲烷和二氧化氮都是温室气体。
大气中温室效应形成和建立的很自然。
事实上，大气中如果没有温室气体，科学家预测地球温度比当前的能够低33度。
【P2】大气中当前二氧化碳浓度是360ppm。
人类活动正在对大气中二氧化碳浓度的增加有着重要的影响，二氧化碳浓度正在快速增长，目前预估在未来50-100年内，浓度将是目前的一倍。
IPCC在1992中做出一份报告，在该份报告中大多数大气科学家中观点一致，预测二氧化碳浓度翻倍可能会将全球气温提高1.4-4.5度。
IPCC在2001年的报告中做出的预测是气温几乎将会提高2倍。
可能发生的气温升高比在冰河时期发生的变化要大很多。
这种温度的升高也不会是一直的，在赤道周围变化最小，而在极点周围的变化则是2-3倍。
这些全球变化的本地化影响很难预测，但是大家一致认为可能会影响洋流的改变，在北半球的一些区域可能增加在冬天发洪水的可能性，在一些区域夏天发生干旱的概率提高，还有海平面的升高也可能会淹没位置较低的国家。
【P3】科学家积极参与地球气候系统中物理，化学和生物成分的调查，为了对温室气体的增加对未来全球气候的影响做出准确预测。
全球环流模型在这个过程中是重要的工具。
这些模型体现包含了当前对大气环流模式，洋流，大陆影响和类似东西所掌握的知识，在变化的环境下预测气候。
新视野大学英语视听说2Passage汇总
Unit1Passage 1I began learning Spanish when I was in high school, using a traditional academic method of studying verbs, sentence structures, and grammar by using textbooks and not much else. I found it very easy to learn, but was frustrated with the slow pace and repetitive nature of all my Spanish classes. So I worked extra hard in my spare time and asked my teacher if I could skip a level by the end of the semester.This was unsuccessful, however, because the school was not willing to test me or otherwise prove that I could be successful in the top level after skipping a level. This made things even more frustrating, as then I was stuck in a class where I already knew the material!Then I went on to college where I then used the language extensively both in and out of the classroom. I studied Spanish literature, culture, and linguistics and very much enjoyed the cultural and linguistic elements, but found the in-depth study of literature a very unbalanced way to study Spanish.I got a lot out of using my Spanish outside of the classroom, including a trip to Mexico with a church group, where I found myself acting as an interpreter. It was certainly challenging, but it was also a lot of fun.I then also volunteered to be an interpreter in the community schools and also used my Spanish to teach English to some Spanish speakers. This is probably where I learned the most!Passage 2Have you ever heard of homeschooling? It is a legal choice for parents in most countries to provide their children with a learning environment as an 1) alternative to public or private schools outside the home. Parents cite 2) numerous reasons for homeschooling their children. The three reasons that are selected by the majority of parents in the United States are the concern about the 3) traditional school environment, the lack of religious or moral instruction, and the dissatisfaction with the 4) academic instruction at public and private schools. Homeschooling may also be a factor in the choice of parenting style. Homeschooling can be a choice for families living in isolated 5) countryside or living briefly abroad. Also many young 6) athletes and actors are taught at home.Homeschoolers often 7) take advantage of educational opportunities at museums, libraries, community centers, athletic clubs, after-school programs, churches, parks, and other community resources. 8) Secondary school level students may take classes at community colleges, which typically have open admission policies.Groups of homeschooling families often join up together to create homeschool co-ops. These groups typically meet once a week and provide a classroom environment. These are family-centered support groups whose members seek to pool their talents and resources 9) in a collective effort to broaden the scope of their children's education. They provide a classroom environment where students can do hands-on and group learningsuch as performing, science experiments, art projects, foreign language study, spelling contests, discussions, etc. Parents whose children take the classes 10)serve as volunteers to keep costs low and make the program a success.TestMany people go to school for an education. They learn languages, history, (1) political methods, geography, physics, chemistry, and mathematics. Others go to school to learn skills in order to make a living. (2)Traditional education is very useful and important. Yet, no one can (3)acquire everything from school. A teacher, no matter how much he knows, cannot teach his students everything they want to know. The teacher's main job is to show his students how to learn. He teaches them how to read and how to think. So, much more is to be learned outside school by the students themselves.It is always more important to know how to study by oneself than to (4)bear in mind some facts or some skills. It is quite easy to learn a certain fact in history or a formula in mathematics. But it is very (5) difficult to use a formula in working out a math problem.Great scientists didn't get everything from school. Edison didn't even finish junior school. And yet, he (6) invented so many new things. These scientists were so (7)successful, but their teachers only showed them the way. The (8) reason for their success was that they knew how to study. They read books that they were not taught at school. They would ask many questions as they read. They did (9)thousands of experiments. They worked hard all their lives, wasting not a single moment. Most important was that they knew how to use their (10)brains.Unit 2Passage 1I believe watching nature programs on television is not going to give us and our childrena real experience of nature. On the contrary, they may distance us from nature — actual nature — even further.Because real nature experiences mean contact with nature. It means being with and within nature, to experience it with all five senses.True, TV programs give us joy but they will never be able to help us form a relationship with nature. We watch our small screens come alive with the vivid colors and we all let out "aahhhh..." and "wooooow". But, never once will we feel the pleasure of being close to nature.Worse still — the programs such as those on the Discovery Channel make nature seem so strange, and so far away, in the forests of the Amazon or in the wilds of Africa. Children may grow up without even realizing that the flowers, plants or a couple of trees in their backyard are nature and they are equally precious. The truth is — nature is so close to us. We don't need to go anywhere far to enjoy such experiences. It is right there in our backyards. Or, in parks, gardens, forests, or national parks.All we need to do is make an effort to get closer to nature — know it, appreciate it, and explore it. Feeling the soil under our feet and the wind in our hair; listening to the sound of the fallen leaves and taking in the smell of the wet soil — all these are pure joy to the senses that we must experience.Passage 2I have never been able to understand people who don't see the point in traveling. The common reason is that traveling is a waste of time and money. I've heard some are 1) scared to travel too far away. I can't help but feel sorry particularly for those who 2) perceive the experience of seeing a new place as a 100 percent 3) negative one. Telling them stories about unusual encounters doesn't 4) result in the expected curiosity but a "Why would you wanna go there!?" It makes me 5) lose faith in humanity. Experience is the best teacher and knowledge is power. The things traveling can teach you are beautiful because you learn to trust in what you see rather than what you are told.It was Mark Twain who said, "Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry andnarrow-mindedness," which in my mind 6) goes down as the closest to the truth about traveling. Too bad there aren't enough people with the means to travel actually doing it. If you have the means to go abroad, you should do it despite going out of your comfort zone. You might realize why you loved it once you're back home.I think traveling is also the best thing you could do if you feel 7) depressed at home, don't know what to do with your future, your life, your partner — anything. Once you are away, 8) preferably somewhere very new and unknown, you are forced to 9) adapt and meet people. This works especially if you travel alone. A new life and especially the new relationships you build, even if only for a short period of time, 10) reveal opportunities and views you never would have thought of and had otherwise.TestNowadays it is very common for people to get away on a (1)vacation trip any time. People from all (2)walks of life, both young and old, enjoy traveling. Some even consider traveling as part of their (3)routine lifestyle.Most of the younger travelers tend to seek fun, discovery and (4)adventure in their travels. They prefer to visit strange and exotic (异国情调的) places. The older travelers, on the other hand, tend to look for a more pleasant and enjoyable trip. In fact, it was not too long ago that an increasing number of older people started to go for leisure trips more often. It could be that after spending a major part of their life working so hard, they felt that they needed to enjoy the fruits of their labor. Leisure traveling has become a (5)treat they give to themselves for the years of hard work they have done.Perhaps, the reason for the (6)popularity of traveling is that more people have come to realize its benefits. When we visit other countries, we (7)gain a better understanding of the people living there. We learn about their culture, history and background. We discover the (8)similarities they have with us, as well as their differences from us.Also, traveling helps to enrich our lives. It increases our knowledge and widens our (9)perspective. When we visit interesting places, we discover new people and things, which not only provide us fun, but also provide us (10)marvelous insights and enlightens our minds.Unit 3Passage 1Since I'm a student, I go to school on weekdays and so I don't have too much free time.I usually spend six or seven hours at school. After that I either go downtown for some shopping or go home and study. If I have some free time during the week I might read a book or watch TV. Lately my evenings have been spent preparing for my graduation examination, which takes up a lot of time.Even though I have a lot to do, I still have some free time for leisure activities. On weekends I like to go with my family to our cottage. I like taking long walks around the countryside and I like watching the seasons change. I have the most free time during the summer months. One of my favorite activities is to go canoeing with my friends. We borrow a couple of canoes and choose a nice spot on the river to begin. We spend the day floating down the river. Sometimes if it gets hot we jump in the water and go swimming. Of course we take breaks during the day; we stop along the river to prepare some food or to visit a local pub. In the evening we set up our tents and make a campfire. We spend the evening talking, singing songs, and enjoying nature. We often cook some sausages over the campfire. And one of my favorite things to do is wrap potatoes in foil and then cook them in the hot ashes. These wonderful trips, just like summer, always end too soon.Passage 2Rock climbing is an activity in which participants climb up, down or across natural rock formations or artificial rock walls. The goal of rock climbing is to reach the top of a formation or the endpoint of a predefined route without falling. Rock climbingcompetitions have 1) objectives of completing the route in the quickest possible time or reaching the 2)farthest point along an ever increasingly harder route. While not an Olympic event, rock climbing is 3) recognized by the International Olympic Committee as a sport.Rock climbing has been 4) separated into several different styles and subdisciplines. At its most basic, rock climbing 5) involves climbing a route with one's own hands and feet and little more than a cushioned bouldering pad for protection. This style of climbing 6) is referred to as bouldering, since the relevant routes are usually found on boulders no more than 10 to 15 feet tall. As routes get higher off the ground, the increased risk of 7) life-threatening injuries makes additional safety measures necessary. Climbers will usually work in pairs and use a system of ropes and anchors 8) designed to catch fallers.Rock climbing is a physically and mentally demanding sport that tests a climber's strength, 9) endurance, and balance along with their mental control. It can be a dangerous sport and climbers are 10) putting themselves at risk when they go climbing. However, the risk can be reduced by having the knowledge of proper climbing techniques and using specialized climbing equipment.TestMost young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind: football, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering.Those who (1)have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often(2)looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold andhardships, and to (3)take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused (4)probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to (5)ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering (6)attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If we compare mountaineering with other more (7)familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a "team game". We are wrong about this. Yes, it's true that there are no "matches" between "teams" of climbers. But when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is (8)obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are more (9)powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport (10)requires high mental and physical qualities.Unit 4Passage 1Bill Gates was born on October 28, 1955 in a family having a rich business, political and community service background. From childhood Bill was intelligent and competitive. In school, he had excellent records in mathematics and science. Still he was getting very bored in school and his parents knew it, so they always tried to feed him with more information to keep him busy. Bill's parents came to know about their son's intelligenceand decided to send him to a private school, known for its serious academic environment. It was a very important decision in Bill's life, and it was there that he was introduced to a computer. Bill Gates and his friends were very much interested in the world of programming and formed the "Programmers Group" in late 1968. In the next year, they got their first opportunity in Information Sciences Inc. in which they were selected as programmers. Bill and his close friend Allen developed a small computer to measure traffic flow and they earned around $20,000 from this project. In 1973, he left home for Harvard University. He did well there, but he didn't find it interesting. He spent many long nights in front of the school's computer and the next day was asleep in class. Bill and his friend Allen remained in close contact even though Allen was away in Washington State University. They would often discuss new ideas for future projects and the possibility of starting a business one day. At the end of Bill's first year, Allen moved closer to him so that they could follow some of their ideas. Within a year, Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard, and then formed Microsoft with Allen.Passage 2Florence Nightingale was a celebrated English social reformer and the founder of modern nursing. She became famous while serving as a nurse during the Crimean War, where she tended to wounded soldiers. Early 21st century 1) commentators have asserted that Nightingale's achievements in the Crimean War had been 2) exaggerated by the media to satisfy the public's need for a hero. But later on her achievements remain widely accepted and she has generally been well regarded by historians.Nightingale was born to a wealthy upper-class family, at a time when women of her class were expected to 3) focus on marriage and child bearing. Her father had progressive social views, providing his daughter with a well-rounded education that included math, and supported her desire to 4) lead an active life. Nightingale rejected proposals of marriage so as to be free to pursue her calling. In 1860, Nightingale 5) laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment of her nursing school in London. It was the first nursing school in the world. The Nightingale Pledge taken by new nurses was named in her honor, and the 6) annual International Nurses Day is celebrated around the world on her birthday. She made 7) a series of social reforms including improving health care for all sections of British society; improving healthcare and 8) advocating for better hunger relief in India; helping to 9) abolish laws that were overly harsh to women; and expanding the acceptable forms of female participation in the workforce. Nightingale's ability to effect reform rested on her extraordinary skills, her good reputation, and her network of 10) influential friends.TestUnless you've been living under a rock, by now you have heard of Lance Armstrong. The unusual thing here is that you may have heard of him, but not always for the same reason. Some know him as a (1)champion cyclist who set the world record by winning the Tour de France six times. Others may know of him through his humanitarian works. Still others may know him as a cancer survivor who decided to meet the (2)challenges and came out the winner. (3)Regardless of how you know him, just knowing of him at all offers your life (4)inspiration when you may need it most.Millions around the world properly celebrate him and his lofty accomplishments, his (5)remarkable recovery from what was feared to be terminal cancer, his exhausting training program, his (6)legendary endurance, his dauntless determination, and his unequalled (7)dominance of cyclin's premier event.But what explains the enormous interest in Armstrong's success —or that of any other sports hero? Why do sports fans set such a strong personal stake in the victories of their heroes? After all, little of any practical significance depends on such victories; a seventh Armstrong —win won't get his fans a raise or help send their children to college. Why do sports have such an enormous, enduring (8)appeal in human life?The answer lies in a rarely recognized aspect of sports: their moral significance. Those of us who, physically, cannot cycle 2,000 miles or run the 100 meters in 9 seconds can still (9)aspire to significant achievements. The vision of Armstrong's (10)magnificent abilities and dauntless determination engenders in the best of us the question: What might I accomplish in my field and in my life if I embodied the same degree of dedication?Unit 5Passage 1Living in the city is hard enough for a single person, but if you have kids life can get more complex. Finding ways to keep the little ones occupied can be a full-time job. So it should be no surprise that parents will go to great lengths to get a little peace and quiet. However, when I first got to know that some parents bought their young children — not teenagers — iPads, I was shocked. Who spends $500 on an iPad for a young child when so many adults in the United States go without or have limited access to computers and the Internet? Whatever happened to Lego, building blocks and colored pencils? And for those slightly older kids how about a good, old-fashioned book instead of an iPad for the car journey to the beach?Recently, I was at dinner with a couple and I brought up the subject of parents buying iPads for their young children. I was curious to see how they responded since I knew they had three young kids. It turned out they are a part of this growing trend. The iPad can download or stream cartoons, so it makes for excellent entertainment when they're trying to get to the grocery store or head out of the city for the annual family vacation. But the best thing about iPads is that there are games and educational applications for nearly every age level.It got me thinking that maybe my first reaction was a little too "reactionary". Now I can understand the parents a little better. If I had three kids and was living in the city they would probably have an iPad, too.Passage 2Around the world smart cities are being built while those we have lived in for centuries are being upgraded for the future. A smart city may mean one that uses data on traffic to ease congestion or one that aims to 1)join up services to provide better information for citizens. For many it is about making cities greener and more efficient. It is partly a 2) reaction to overcrowding and pollution and partly because in an ever-connected world it 3) makes increasing sense to hook entire cities up to the network.Masdar is a city that stands in the middle of the desert of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. It is designed to be one of the most 4) sustainable cities on the planet. With a solar power station at its heart and wind farms providing energy for it, it 5) aims to be carbon free. Everything in the city, from water to rubbish, is measured and 6) monitored, becoming a source of information. The city is built on a raised platform to allow its "digital plumbers" easy 7) access to the system of advanced technologies that run it. It is pedestrian-friendly and entirely car free. The city is 8) experimenting with a network of electric driverless podcars. The PRT — personal rapid transit — will run six meters under street level across the city. The buildings in the city have been designed by Norman Foster's architecture firm, which designed a number of 9) eye-catching buildings including The City Hall in London.It is hoped that 40,000 people will eventually live in the city, with up to 50,000 10) commuting there each day.TestOf the many problems in the world today, none is as (1)widespread or as old as crime. Crime has many forms, including crimes against (2)property, person, and government. In all its forms crime (3)penetrates every layer of society and touches every human being. You may never have been (4)robbed, but you suffer the increased cost of store-boughtitems because of others' shoplifting, and you pay higher taxes because of others' tax evasion (逃避). Whatever you do, wherever you live, you are a (5)victim of crime whether you like it or not, whether you know it or not.Some people (6)argue about who is really to blame for criminal behavior: the individual or society. Researchers in the United States and Canada have identified several factors in society that (7)contribute to the crime rate: massive urbanization, unemployment and poverty, and a large immigrant (8)population. Other countries are more affected by factors such as politics, government corruption and religion. However, the most important problem that still (9)remains unsolved is how to stop crime from happening. So far, different types of solutions have been (10)proposed to combat various specific crimes. But they are not all very effective. Therefore, more effective measures and more powerful actions are to be taken against all sorts of crimes so that our world may be a better place to live in.Unit 6Passage 1In 1964, 19 million women were employed in the United States. Today they total 65 million, working in a wide variety of industries and increasingly pursuing higher education. The number of working women who have attended college has increased 200 percent since 1970, and the undergraduate class of 2011 was 57 percent female.Yet as far as women have come, they still earn on average only 81.2 percent as much as men and remain in lower-end jobs. What are the best-paying jobs for women? Using data on the weekly earnings of full-time workers in 2010 collected by BLS, we discovered that tech and health care is where the money's at.Female physicians and surgeons topped the list. These women earned a median of $1,618 per week, or about $84,000 a year, more than any other profession tracked by the BLS. Male doctors continue to earn more than female doctors, but the pay gap has narrowed each year; it's now at 29 percent versus 41 percent two years ago.Interestingly, the second best-paying job for women is a pharmacist. Female pharmacists make a median of $1,605 per week or about $83,500 annually, nearly as much as physicians and surgeons and more than chief executives, which came in at No. 3 on our list. Women account for 48 percent of the pharmacy profession and earn 83 percent as much as male pharmacists. Meanwhile, only 26 percent of CEOs are women, and they earn just 72 percent as much as their male peers.Now women have been moving into relatively higher-paying jobs that were traditionally male-dominated. It's been a very positive development. Overall, the gender pay gap is narrowing.Passage 2When you receive a job offer, it's important to take the time to carefully 1) evaluate the offer so you are making a sensible decision to accept or to reject it.Consider the entire 2) compensation package — salary, benefits, working environment — not just your paycheck. Money isn't the only factor to consider, but, it is an important one. Is the offer what you expected? If not, is it a salary you can accept without feeling insulted? If it isn't what you expected, consider 3)negotiating salary with your future employer.Before accepting a job, be sure that you are clear on the hours you need to work. Also, 4) confirm what, if any, travel is involved. If the position requires 45 or 50 hours of work a week and you're used to working 35 hours, consider whether you will have difficulty committing to the 5) schedule.The bottom line in accepting a job offer is that there really isn't one. Everyone has a different set of personal 6) circumstances. What might be the perfect job for you could be an awful job for someone else.It's much easier to 7) turn down an offer than to leave a job that you have already started. The same is true for your potential employer. The employer would prefer that you decline, rather than having to 8) start over the hiring process a couple of weeks down the road if you don't 9) work out. So, do take the time to thoroughly consider the offer. Ask questions, if you have them. Take your time to make an educated, 10) informed decision so you feel sure that you and the company make an excellent match.TestEvery day we hear about people making radical career changes. The (1)opportunities exist, but will all these changes make us any happier once we get there? The following are four (2)practical steps toward coming to terms with why you do what you're doing.First, realize that your job does not (3)define you, but how you do it does. Any job can be done well, done with (4)compassion, done with care. Second, stop (5)focusing on the money. Money will never be enough. Seeing where your money is really going can helpyou to refocus your spending toward the things you really want. Getting paid is only one small part of what you do; your work has to be more than just a pay check to be cashed. Third, find the (6)significance in what you do. This may require you to (7)think big, but it can be done. Take some time to really think about what you do. The perspective (8)plays a huge role in personal satisfaction and the sense of well-being. Try to remember why you've taken the job in the first place. Fourth, dare to ask yourself if it's worth it. Maybe all that's needed is some refocusing. Learn to say "no". As long as you can choose the things you spend your time on, don't (9)attend events or meetings only because everyone expects it.Take a look at your life. How would you describe it? (10)Contented? Rushed? Exciting? Stressful? Moving forward? Being held back? For many of us it's all of the above at times. There are things we dream of doing one day; there are things we wish we could forget. What would your life look like if you could start over with a clean slate?Unit 7Passage 1"Wilfing", or surfing the Web without any real purpose, has become a new national pastime. It is the virtual equivalent of window shopping, and a lot of us seem to be spending a lot of time doing it.Although a newly-identified habit, more than two-thirds of the 33.7 million Internet users in the UK admit to at least occasional "wilfing", while browsing the Internet.。
意大利语A2考前冲刺模拟试题答案锡耶纳考试(CILS)第二套答案
意大利语A2考前冲刺模拟试题答案锡耶纳考试（CILS）第二套答案听力内容TEST DI ASCOLTOProva n. 11. C2. C3. B4. A5. A6. A0.Attenzione: il proprietario della Fiat Punto di colore bianco, targa AZ 345 DC, deve spostarla subito. E’ davanti all’entrata B del centro commerciale.1.- Buongiorno, vorrei cambiare dei soldi. Puo’ a quale sportello posso rivolgermi?- Puo’ adare allo sportello numero 5.- Devo prendere il numero?- Si, deve prendere il numero e mettersi in fila.2. Informiamo i signori viaggiatori che tra pochi minuti entreremo nella stazione di Padova. Prossima stazione Padova.3.- Buongiorno, quanto costano quelle scarpe nere di pelle?- Quelle fuori in vetrina?- Si, quelle nere con il tacco non molto alto- Costano 200 euro, ma possiamo farLe uno sconto del 10%.4.- Buongiorno, ci sono ancora biglietti per la Traviata di venerdi’ prossimo?- Vediamo....il teatro e’ quasi pieno ma c’e’ ancora qualche posto libero.- Ci sono riduzioni per studenti?- Si, ci sono sconti per studenti. Puo’ mostrarmi il suo tesserino universitario?5.Avvertiamo i gentili clienti che, al quarto piano nel reparto casalinghi, potrete trovare molti prodotti delle migliori marche a prezzi scontati fino al 50%.6.- Mi scusi! Ho chiesto un caffe’ macchiato, ma mi ha portato un espresso!- Mi scusi Signore, ho capito male. Provvedo subito.Prova n. 21.vuole iscriversi alla gita a Genova organizzata per sabato prossimo2.i suoi dati: nome, cognome e numero di telefono3.347359344.75 euro5.dal piazzale davanti alla stazione6.essere puntuale- Buongiorno.- Buongiorno.- Mi chiamo Andrea e vorrei iscrivermi alla gita a Genova organizzata per sabato prossimo.- La gita a Genova? Si ci sono ancora posti...Allora deve darmi i suoi dati: nome e cognome e numero di telefono.- Mi chiamo Andrea Morandi e il mio numero di telefono e’ 34735934- Ecco fatto... tutto apposto. La quota di partecipazione e’ 75 euro. Ecco la ricevuta.- Grazie! Ecco a Lei 75 euro. A che ora e’ la partenza?- La partenza e’ alle 8:00 in punto.- Da dove parte l’autobus?- L’autobus parte dal piazzale della stazione. Ricordi che deve essere puntuale! TEST DI COMPRENSIONE DELLA LETTURAProva n.11.B2.C3.A4.BESTATE SULLE DOLOMITIL’Agenzia “Casa Bella” affitta per la stagione estiva appartamenti di lusso in un complesso turistico nella piccola citta’di Cortina, sulle magnifiche Dolomiti bellunesi. Gli appartamenti, (1) di varie dimension i, hanno cucina, soggiorno, ampio terrazzo, doppi servizi e 2 o 3 camere da letto. Il complesso, che (2) si trova a due passi dal magnifico centro della citta’, dispone di una vasta piscina e di un giardino privato. Il parcheggio perla vostra auto e’ gratuito e custodito. Il prezzo dell’affitto comprende un servizio giornaliero di pulizia, non include tuttavia le spese di corrente, acqua e gas. (3) Se amate la tranquillita’ della montagna, oppure se volete trascorrere una vacanza lontano dal caldo delle citta’ e dal caos delle spiagge, questa e’ un’occasione unica. Potrete fare escursioni e ammirare la meraviglia delle piu’belle montagne d’Italia, passeggiando in mezzo al verde e alla natura in un paesaggio da sogno.Per avere informazioni (4) potete chiamare nei giorni lavorativi, in orario d’ufficio, al numero 800 050 333 oppure potete inviare una email al seguente indirizzo di posta elettronica info@casabella.it.Prova n. 22348METTI LE ALI AI TUOI PIEDI“Tersicore” si trova nel cuore di Milano ed e’ (2) una scuola di ballo per le persone che vogliono imparare a ballare in modo piacevole e divertente. La scuola, durante tutto l’anno, offre una vasta scelta (3) di corsi serali per adulti: dai ritmi arabi ed esotici della danza del ventre, alla sensualita’ del tango e delle danze latino-americane. Se dopo una stressante giornata di lavoro vuoi trovare un po’ di relax, (4) mantenerti in forma e fare nuove amicizie sulle note della musica in un ambiente simpatico e gradevole, questa e’l’occasione che fa per te! La scuola mette a disposizione insegnanti di grande esperienza e disponibili nel soddisfare ogni tua richiesta. La durata dei corso e’ di sei mesi. Le lezioni si tengono il lunedi’, mercoledi’ e venerdi’, dalle ore 18:30 alle 21:00.Se decidi di iscriverti puoi chiamare la segreteria della scuola (02 356798) tutti pomeriggi, meno che il sabato e la domenica, dalle 15:00 alle 19:30. Per poter partecipare (8) e’necessario versare la quota d’iscrizione di euro 350 all’inizio del corso.Per avere altre informazioni e scegliere il tipo di ballo che preferisci puoi anche visitare il nostro sito internet www.tersicore.it, dove potrai anche trovare tutte le foto dei nostri insegnanti.Prova n. 31.A2.G3.D4.C1.Alta modaGrande successo per Valentino, uno dei miti della moda italiana, in occasione della settimana della moda milanese.A.Il grande stilista ha presentato le sue ultime e piu’ raffinate creazioni per la prossima stagione autunno-inverno.2.Italiano per stranieriA Firenze l’associazione culturale “Il mandorlo”organizza corsi di lingua italiana per cittadini stranieri residenti in Italia. I corsi si svolgeranno presso la sede di Via Roma 53.G I corsi sono il lunedi’e il mercoledi’dalle 18:00 alle 20:00. Per iscriverti contatta la segreteria della scuola al numero 055 354678 e chiedi di Antonella.3.Mostra sull’arte cinese a VeneziaL’agenzia “Giulia Viaggi” organizza sabato 13 aprile 2008 una gita e una visita guidata in occasione della grande mostra sull’arte cinese a Palazzo Grassi a Venezia.D La quota di partecipazione alla gita, di euro 200, e include anche il biglietto d’ingresso alla mostra.4.Intervista a TottiRadio Zero ha intervistato in esclusiva il celebre calciatore Francesco T otti prima della difficile partita contro il Milan in programma domani sera.C.Ascolta l’intervista integrale al calciatore nel corso della trasmissione “Un Cuore Sportivo” in onda stasera alle ore 19:00 su questa rete.TEST DI ANALISI DELLE STRUTTURE DELLA COMUNICAZIONEProva n. 11.bella (la bella stagione)2.unica (una occasione unica)3.suggestivo (un ambiente suggestivo)4.instabile (un equilibrio instabile)5.ricca (una zona ricca)6.ideale (un luogo ideale)7.rari (molti rari tipi))8.incontaminato (un mondo incontaminato)9.istruttiva (un’esperienza istruttiva)10.ecologico (il trasporto ecologico)Prova n. 21.abbiamo passato2.siamo arrivati3.era4.siamo andati5.abbiamo visitato6.abbiamo cenato7.siamo andati8.abbiamo preso9.e’10.abbiamo decisoProva n.31.B2.C3.B4.A5.B6.B7.A8.C意大利语A2考前冲刺模拟试题答案佩鲁甲考试（CELI）第二套答案ESAME 2 - RISPOSTE E TRASCRIZIONE DEI TESTI ORALI试题二答案A.1) 1:B 2:A 3:A 4:BA.2) 5:A 6:H 7:B 8:E 9:HA.3) 10:B 11:H 12:E 13:F 14:I 15:D 16:GA.4) 17:F 18:D 19:H 20:A 21:C 22:B 23:LA.5) 24:A 25:A 26:B 27:B 28:CB.1) 1:a 2:all’ 3:mi 4:da 5:avuto 6:di 7:per 8:di 9:secondo 10:fra/tra听力部分：Prova di comprensione dell’ascolto.Il candidato ha un minuto di tempo per scorrere brevemente i test proposti nel fascicolo.Inizio della provaC.1) Ascolterete ora dei brevi dialoghi. Ascoltate attentam ente e svolgete l’attività indicata nel foglio.Esempio:A:Lucia è davvero ingrassata ultimamente…B: Hai ragione, dovrebbe mettersi a dieta.1 A: Andrea è uno studente davvero intelligente, sembra capire tutte le spiegazioni.B: Non ne sono sicuro, secondo me fa finta di capire.2 A: Hai sentito l’ultimo album di Giorgio Testa? Non è certo il capolavoro che tutti aspettavano.B: Non c’è bisogno di dirlo…ha deluso proprio tutti3 A: Il cielo di questa città è sempre grigio…Tutta colpa dell’inquina mento!B: Probabilmente è solamente una giornata nuvolosa.4 A: Marina ha lasciato Carlo! Sono sicuro che lei aveva già un altro uomo.B: Impossibile, Marina è una ragazza sincera.5 A: Questo casa in affitto è molto bella, ma è troppo grande per noi due.B: Allora cerchiamo un appartamento più piccolo.66 A: Questo film è assurdo, la trama non ha senso!B: Hai ragione. Cambia canale.7 A: Le sigarette fanno molto male, piano piano uccidono.B: Io fumo da quindici anni e non ho mai avuto neanche un mal di testa.8 A: Amo la musica rock. Nessun altro tipo di musica esprime così bene l’energia e i sentimenti del compositore.B: Forse dovresti ascoltare qualche pezzo di musica classica…9 A: Pirandello è uno dei più grandi scrittori italiani. Senza le sue opere teatrali e romanzi la letteratura italiana non sarebbe la stessa.B: Io vado matto per Pirandello!106 A: L’ultimo inverno è stato davvero freddo…Sono uscito di casa solo per andare al lavoro.B: Io invece sono scappato alle Maldive. Là c’er a il sole, il mare, e tutto il caldo che desideravo.C.2) Ascolterete ora dei testi di vario tipo. Ascoltate attentamente e svolgete l’attività indi cata nel foglio.11 Fate attenzione ai ladri, in questa zona della cittàci sono tanti delinquenti. Possono rubare il vostro portafoglio in un attimo.12 Ah, le ferie, il sole, il mare, i giochi sulla spiaggia…e invece io sono qua da solo in ufficioa lavorare! Il mio capo è senza cuore, non mi ha dato nemmeno un giorno di vacanza…13 A: Buongiorno signor Verdone. Dove va di bello?B: Vado a sciare in montagna. Finalmente ho tre giornate libere e voglio divertirmi come un ragazzino!14 A: Marco, perché non tagli i capelli? Sono orribili! Sembri una donna con i baffi.B: Mai! Ci ho messo 3 anni per avere i capelli come il mio cantante preferito.15 A: Perché non mi hai detto che non sapevi guidare? Hai combinato un bel disastro!B: Non è colpa mia, l’altra macchina correva troppo.A: Ora ti toglieranno la patente!B: Ehm… A dire la verità, io non ce l’ho la patente.166 Signore e signori, dopo 30 anni ecco di nuovo insieme i “TVB”, il gruppo che negli anni 70 ha fatto impazzire i nostri genitori, è ritornato pieno di energia e pronto a regalarci la sua musica.11: E 12:B 13:F 14:D 15:I 16:CC.3) Ascolterete ora alcune persone che parlano dei loro amori. Ascoltate attentamente e svolgete l’attività indicata nel foglio.Ho conosciuto il mio fidanzato tre anni fa. All’epoca lavorava in una palestra, era istruttore di aerobica. Mi sono innamorata del suo sguardo, era tenero ma sicuro di sé. Non ho saltato nemmeno una lezione, e sbagliavo apposta tutti gli esercizi: cosìlui mi veniva vicino, per aiutarmi. Dopo 4 mesi, un pomeriggio siamo usciti insieme. Mi ha portato in un bel paese in montagna; abbiamo passeggiato a lungo, ci siamo seduti su una gradinata, e finalmente mi ha baciata.Non ho mai avuto una fidanzata…Probabilmente sono troppo ti mido, o forse non ho ancora trovato la ragazza giusta. Ho conosciuto varie ragazze interessanti, belle, intelligenti, ma siamo sempre diventati amici, niente di più. Preferisco pensare che non mi sono mai piaciute così tanto…altrimenti inizio a credere che sono davvero un caso disperato.Mia moglie è la persona che ha cambiato la mia vita. Prima di incontrarla ero un ragazzo poco raccomandabile, frequentavo cattiva gente…insomma, ero entrato in un brutto giro. Lei invece mi ha convinto a trovare un lavoro, ho messo la testa a posto, ed ora sono il felice padre di due bambine.La mia grande storia d’amore è finita. E ho paura che non ce ne saranno altre, almeno per i prossimi anni. L’amore mi ha deluso, e non riesco più a fidarmi degli uomini. Dopo 6 anni lui mi ha lasciata per un'altra. Come ha potuto? Forse mi ha sempre mentito, non mi ha mai amata davvero.Con la mia attuale ragazza ho un bel rapporto. Non possiamo vederci molto spesso, ma da una parte è meglio, perché possiamo mantenere i nostri spazi. Non mi sentirei libero con una donna troppo presente nella mia vita. A me piace uscire con gli amici e dedicarmi alle mie passioni: una fidanzata dovrebbe permettere tutto questo. Voglio peròprecisare che non l’ho mai tradita, sono sempre stato un uomo fe dele.SI 19 20 22 23 25NO 17 18 21 24 26C.4) Ascolterete ora dei messaggi radiofonici. Ascoltate attentamente e svolgete l’attività indicata nel foglio.27 Per creare buona musica non bastano grandi musicisti, ma ci vogliono ottimi strumenti. Nel nostro centro “Do re mi” troverete tutto il necessario per creare ottima musica: pianoforti, tastiere, chitarre. Per un concerto da non dimenticare, venite prima a trovarci!28 La nostra rubrica quotidiana parlerà di cibi e salute. Meglio un gelato o una buona pizza? Fa davvero bene mangiare la carne? Come fare per dimagrire senza rischi? Per una risposta a tutte queste domande sintonizzatevi alle ore 16:3029 Oggi mattina serena su tutta la Campania meridionale, dove le temperature massime raggiungeranno i 32 gradi. Tempo variabile in tutta la Campania settentrionale, dove probabilmente pioverà in serata, con conseguente calo delle temperature minime a 14 gradi.30 È arrivata l’estate, e tante famiglie vanno in vacanza. Alcuni al mare, altri i n montagna. Portano tutto il necessario, ma spesso dimenticano una cosa: il proprio cane. Lo lasciano su qualche autostrada, o lontano in campagna. Non fare come questa gente, ama il tuo animale e non abbandonarlo!31 Alle 21:00 su questa rete andrà in on da “I fatti tuoi”. Avremo come ospite l’attore Mario Locarno, che racconterà tutti i suoi grandi amori, fra cui quello con la regista Lisa Betti, e svelerà tanti incredibili segreti. Sei curioso? Allora non mancare!27:B 28:B 29:A 30:B 31:B意大利语A2考前冲刺模拟试题答案但丁考试（PLIDA）第二套答案TEST 2SOLUZIONI 答案Ascolto听力Esercizio 1 di ascoltoGiuste: F 2 vasetti di sugo, B 3 scatolette di tonno, C olio di oliva, H yogurt, G biscotti al cacao, N caffe’, R zucchero, I bagnoshiuma.Sbagliate: olio di semi, latte, frutta, formaggio, cereali, te’, shampoo, detersivoPotete ascoltare 2 volte.Avete 1 minuto di tempo per leggere le domandeBipA(donna): Caro, visto che devi uscire, puoi comprare delle cose al supermercato?B(uomo): Mmm… va bene. Cosa serve?A: Beh, dovresti comprare 2 vasetti di sugo al pomodoro e anche 3 scatolette di tonno. B: Ok, sugo al pomodoro e tonno, poi?A: Beh, servirebbe l’olio, ma non comprare quello di semi, voglio l’olio extravergine di oliva, va bene?B: Come vuoi. Altro?A: Fammi pensare… Si, serve anche lo yogurt, prendi quello alla frutta, se lo trovi.B: Va bene, yogurt alla frutta e poi, prendo anche il latte?A: No, il latte no, ne abbiamo gia’ un quasi un litro a casa.. Poi… vediamo, formaggio ne abbiamo. Puoi prendere dei biscotti per la colazione?B: Certo quali preferisci? Quelli al cacao?A: Si, prendi quelli al cacao. Poi manca anche il caffe’ e lo zucchero.B: Caffe’ quanto ne prendo? Mezzo chilo?A: Si, un pacco da mezzo chiloB: Ok e lo zucchero. Serve qualcos’altro?A: Si prendi anche del bagnoshiuma, e’ quasi finito.B: OK, e lo shampoo?A: No, quello non serve.Avete due minutiAscoltate una seconda volta.Bip….Avete un minuto per rileggere.Esercizio 2 di ascoltoRisposte giuste: 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14.Potete ascoltare 2 volte.Avete 1 minuto di tempo per leggere le domandeBipBuona sera. Queste sono le previsioni del tempo in Italia per la giornata di domani mercoledi 9 aprile. Al Nord, il cielo sara’coperto con possibilita’di pioggie sui rilievi montani, nel pomeriggio. Mentre sulla pianura padana, il cielo sara’ nuvoloso.Su tutte le regioni del centro Italia, il tempo sara’ nuvoloso ma senza piogge; tireranno, pero’, venti moderati.Al Sud e nelle isole, sereno con annuvolamenti in serata soprattutto sulle isole. Venti forti in particolare nelle localita’ costiere.Le temperature saranno in lieve diminuzione su tutta l’Italia, in particolare al Nord, sulle Alpi, dove si registrera’ una temperatura minima di 3 gradi.Nel resto della penisola, le temperature saranno fra i 6 e i 16 gradi.I mari saranno mossi al Nord, Mar Tirreno e Mare Adriatico, e molto mossi al Sud, specialmente il Mare Ionio.Per la giornata di dopodomani, si prevedono dei miglioramenti.Per oggi e’ tutto, ringraziamo per l’ascolto.Avete due minutiAscoltate una seconda volta.Bip…Avete un minuto per rileggere.LEGGEREEsercizio 1Risposte giuste: 2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14.Esercizio 2Mobili: letto, scrivania, armadio, credenza.Elettrodomestici: lavastoviglie, asciugacapelli, aspirapolvere, frigorifero. Attrezzi per la cucina: mestolo, pentola, colapasta, cucchiaio. Alimentari: fomaggio, pasta, uova, salmone.。
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Extra Passage 2
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds. What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me?Do I wound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. A person’s self-concept is reflected id reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people’s reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.
Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing “ the right thing”. Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirm their inferiority. They also find it difficulty to be pleased by compliments because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one, “You’re just saying that to make me feel good. I know it’s not true.”. It is clear that,while selfawareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.
Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately,people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths.For example, most people would like to be “A”student in every subjects. It is not fair for them to label themselves inferior became they have difficulty in some areas. People’s expectations of themselves must be realistic.Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy.
Each one of us is a unique,worth individual. We are interested in our own personal ways.The better we understand ourselves, the easier it become to live up to our full potential. Let’s not allow shyness to block our chances for chances for a rich and fulfilling life.
1．The first paragraph is mainly about_____.
A) the characteristics of shy people
B) the cause of shyness
C) the questions in the minds of shy people
D) the effect of shyness on people
2．According to the writer, self-awareness is____
A) harmful to people
B) a weak point of shy people
C) the cause of unhappiness
D) a good quality
3．What is the shy people’s reaction to compliment?
A)They are pleased by it.
B) They feel it is not true.
C)They are very sensitive to it.
D) They feel it confirms their inferiority.
4．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Shyness helps us to live up to our full potential.
B)Shyness enables us to understand ourselves better.
C)Shyness blocks our chances for a rich life.
D)Shyness has nothing to do with lack of self-esteem. 5．We can infer from the passage that the writer is _____
A)a shy person
B)a realistic person
C)a sensitive person
D)a reserved person
Key: ADBCB。