2010008 机械设计基础1(中英文)(2011)

天津大学《机械设计基础1》课程教学大纲课程编号：2010008课程名称：机械设计基础1学时：80 学分： 5学时分配：授课：80上机：实验：6实践：实践（周）：授课学院：机械工程学院适用专业：近机类先修课程：工程图学，材料力学，理论力学一、课程的性质与目的机械设计基础是一门培养学生具有一定机械设计能力的技术基础课。

本课程在教学内容方面着重基本知识、基本理论和基本方法，在培养实践能力方面着重设计技能和创新能力的基本训练。

本课程的主要目的和任务是培养学生：1）掌握常用机构的工作原理、运动特性和动力特性，具有分析和设计常用机构的基本能力，并初步具有机械运动方案设计的能力；2）掌握通用机械零部件的工作原理、特点、选用和设计计算的基本知识，并具有设计简单机械及通用机械传动装置的基本能力；3）具有应用计算机进行辅助设计的能力；4）具有应用标准、规范、手册、图册等有关资料的能力；5）能通过实验巩固和加深对理论的理解, 获得实验技能的基本训练。

二、教学基本要求1、要求掌握的基本知识机械设计的一般知识。

熟悉机构和机械零件的主要类型、性能、特点和应用，熟悉机械零件的常用材料、标准和结构，熟悉摩擦、磨损、润滑和密封的一般知识。

2、要求掌握的基本理论和方法熟悉机构的组成、主要类型、工作原理和运动特性，具有分析和设计常用机构的能力，能进行简单机构的分析与综合。

掌握机械动力学的基本原理，了解机械的调速、刚性回转件的平衡。

熟悉机械零件的工作原理、受力分析、应力状态、失效形式等。

熟练掌握机械零件的设计计算准则：强度、刚度、耐磨性、寿命、热平衡及经济性等。

能进行简化计算，掌握当量法，试算法等。

了解改善载荷和应力分布不均匀的方法，提高零件疲劳强度的措施，改善摩擦性能的途径。

3、要求掌握的基本技能绘制机构运动简图，熟悉零部件的设计计算，能进行零件工作图的绘制，具有查阅技术资料，编写技术文件及应用计算机的技能。

三、教学内容1、绪论1)了解本课程的研究对象、研究内容及本课程的性质；2)了解机械设计的基本要求和一般过程。

2、平面机构的自由度及机构运动简图1)掌握平面机构运动副及其分类和机构运动简图的绘制；2)掌握机构自由度的定义、自由度计算和机构具有确定运动的条件。

3、平面连杆机构1)掌握平面四杆机构的基本类型，掌握曲柄存在条件及传力和运动特性；2)了解平面四杆机构的演化；3)掌握铰链四杆机构设计的图解法。

4、凸轮机构1)掌握凸轮机构的应用、分类及从动件运动规律；2)掌握图解法设计盘形凸轮轮廓；3)掌握滚子半径、压力角及基圆半径对凸轮机构的受力及廓线的影响。

5、齿轮机构1)了解齿轮机构的分类、应用和齿轮啮合基本定律，熟悉渐开线特性及渐开线齿轮传动的特点；2)掌握渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮的参数及其几何尺寸计算；3)理解标准齿轮传动正确啮合的条件、连续传动条件及标准中心距的概念；4)了解渐开线齿轮加工原理，最少齿数和变位齿轮的概念；5)掌握斜齿圆柱齿轮的参数、几何尺寸计算和当量齿数概念；6)熟悉锥齿轮齿廓曲线形成特点及锥齿轮几何参数。

6、轮系1)了解轮系的类型和应用；2)掌握定轴轮系传动比计算方法；3)掌握行星轮系和混合轮系的传动比计算。

7、间歇运动机构1)了解棘轮机构、槽轮机构的特点及应用；2)熟悉槽轮机构运动参数的设计。

8、机械零件设计概论1)了解机械零件设计的基本准则及一般步骤；2)掌握机械零件的疲劳强度概念及影响疲劳强度的因素；3)熟悉机械零件的常用材料及选择原则，了解零件的标准化概念。

9、联接1)熟悉螺纹常用类型、参数和应用特点；掌握螺旋副的受力、效率和自锁；2)掌握螺纹连接基本类型、结构和应用特点，了解预紧和防松的意义及方法；3)掌握单个螺栓连接强度计算的方法，了解提高螺栓连接强度的措施；4)掌握滑动螺旋传动的设计特点；5)掌握键连接类型、工作原理、应用特点及平键连接的强度计算方法。

综合设计大作业：“牵曳钩螺纹联接”和“螺旋千斤顶”可任选1个。

10、带传动1)了解带传动的类型、工作原理、特点及应用；2)掌握带传动力及应力分析与应力分布图，弹性滑动和打滑的基本理论；3)掌握带传动的失效形式、设计准则、以及V带传动的设计计算方法；4)熟悉V带和V带轮的结构、标准和基本尺寸，了解带传动的安装使用和维护要求。

综合设计大作业：可选作“立式搅拌机带传动”大作业一个。

11、链传动1)了解链传动的类型、特点和应用，熟悉滚子链的结构和参数；2)掌握滚子链传动的运动特性及受力分析；3)掌握链传动的失效形式、设计计算方法及参数选择；4)了解链传动的布置、张紧和润滑要求。

12、齿轮传动1)掌握齿轮传动的失效形式及设计计算准则；2)熟悉齿轮常用材料及热处理方法；3)掌握齿轮传动的受力分析方法（包括力的作用点、大小、方向）；4)掌握直齿圆柱齿轮传动齿面接触疲劳强度和齿根弯曲疲劳强度计算的力学模型、力作用点、理论依据、应力种类和变化特性，掌握强度计算方法；5)掌握斜齿圆柱齿轮传动和锥齿轮传动强度计算特点；6)掌握齿轮传动主要参数的选择；7)掌握齿轮的结构设计。

13、蜗杆传动1)了解蜗杆传动的类型特点及应用；2)掌握普通圆柱蜗杆传动的主要参数和选择原则及几何尺寸计算；3)掌握蜗杆传动的失效形式、设计准则，熟悉材料选用原则及结构形式；4)掌握蜗杆传动的受力分析（作用点、方向及大小）和运动方向分析；5)掌握蜗杆传动强度计算方法，了解效率计算和热平衡计算的意义和方法。

14、轴1)了解轴的功用和分类，掌握各类轴的受力特点和应力特点；2)了解轴的材料和选用原则，掌握轴设计的基本要求和一般步骤；3)掌握轴结构设计的要求和方法；4)掌握轴的强度计算方法，了解提高疲劳强度的措施。

15、滑动轴承1)了解摩擦的类型和基本特点；2)熟悉滑动轴承的分类、结构及特点和应用；3)掌握滑动轴承材料的基本要求和常用轴瓦材料；4)掌握混合润滑轴承的失效形式、设计准则和计算方法；5)了解滑动轴承的润滑方法、润滑剂种类及其主要性能指标；6)了解流体润滑的基本概念。

16、滚动轴承1)熟悉滚动轴承的构造、常用类型的结构、应用特点和代号；掌握类型选用原则；2)掌握滚动轴承失效形式、设计准则和寿命计算方法；3)掌握滚动轴承组合设计要求和方法；4)了解滚动轴承的润滑和密封的意义和方法。

17、联轴器与离合器1)了解联轴器、离合器的功能和区别；2)掌握联轴器的分类、两轴相对位移的补偿方式及选用方法；3)熟悉联轴器主要类型的结构和工作原理，了解离合器的主要类型及工作原理。

18、弹簧1)了解弹簧功用、分类、材料及许用应力的确定；2)掌握圆柱螺旋弹簧的主要几何参数、示性线及设计计算方法；19、单缸内燃机拆装实验了解单缸内燃机的组成和工作原理，弄清及其各部分的功能及相互之间的运动配合关系，熟悉主要零部件的结构、安装和连接方式；对机器的组成和装配过程有初步认识，对机构及其形式有初步认识，对主要零部件的组成、形状和功用有初步认识。

20、机械传动效率实验在掌握实验原理的基础上，由学生自行设计一种机械传动的性能测试实验装置，并由学生自行完成实验系统的组装、参数测试及编写实验报告。

21、轴系结构设计实验熟悉常用轴系零部件的结构；掌握轴的结构设计基本要求；掌握轴承组合结构设计的基本方法。

四、学时分配五、评价与考核方式本课程采用百分制、多元化成绩综合评价体系，总成绩的组成如下：1）期末考试 75%~80%2）大作业与平时作业 10%~15%3）实验教学 10%六、教材与主要参考资料《机械设计基础》（第四版），范顺成等主编，机械工业出版社，2007TU Syllabus for Machine Design Fundamentals 1Code: 2010008 Title: Machine DesignFundamentals 1 Semester Hours: 80 Credits: 5Semester Hour Structure Lecture：74Computer Lab：Experiment：6Practice：Practice (Week)：Offered by: School of Mechanical Engineeringfor: Closely related to Mechanical EngineeringPrerequisite: Engineering Graphics, Mechanics of Materials, Theoretical Mechanics1. ObjectiveMechanical Design Fundamentals is a basic technology course to foster the mechanical design capacity of students. The course has its teaching content focused on basic knowledge, basic theory and basic methods, and has its practical training focused on the basic training of design skills and innovative design capability.The purpose and task of this course is to train students: 1) to master the common working principle, the motion characteristics and the dynamic features of common mechanisms, and obtain the basic ability to the analysis and design of common mechanisms, and obtain preliminarily the ability to the motion scheme design of mechanical systems; 2) to master the working principle of general mechanical parts, their features, and the basic knowledge on the selection and design calculation of such parts. And to build up the basic skills for the design of simple machinery and general machinery drives; 3) to achieve capabilities for applying computer-aided design; 4) to be able with the use of standards, specifications, manuals, drawings, and other relevant technical information; 5) to obtain through the experiments a consolidation and deepening of the understanding of the theory, and a basic training of the experimental skills.2. Course Description1) The basic knowledge required to masterMaster the general knowledge of mechanical design. Get familiar with the main types of mechanisms and mechanical parts, their performances, features and applications. Get familiar with the common materials, standards and structure of the mechanical parts, and get familiar with the general knowledge of friction, wear, lubrication and sealing.2) The basic theories and methods required to masterGet familiar with the composition, the main types, the working principle and the motion features of mechanisms. Obtain the capacity for the analysis and design of common mechanisms, and be able to carry out the analysis and synthesis of simple mechanisms. Master the basic principles of mechanical dynamics, and understand the mechanical speed control, the balance of rigid rotating parts. Get familiar with the working principle, force analysis, stress state, and failure mode etc. of mechanical parts. Be proficient in the design and calculation criteria of the mechanical parts: including strength, stiffness, wear resistance, lifetime, thermal balance, the economical efficiency and so on. Be able to do simplified calculation, and master the method of equivalent weight and the test algorithms. Understand the approaches for improving the uneven distribution of load and stress, and the measures to improve the fatigue strength of parts and the measures to improve the friction properties.3) The basic skills required to masterDraw Kinematic diagrams, and get familiar with the design calculations of parts, and can draw the engineering drawings of parts, and master skills for searching technical information, writing technical documents, and applying computer technology.3. Topics1) IntroductionA. understand the subject studied in this course, the content and the nature of the course;B. understand the basic requirements and the general process of mechanical design.2) The Degree-of-Freedom and the Kinematic Diagram of planar mechanismsA. master the planar kinematic pairs and their classification, and the drawing of thekinematic diagrams of mechanisms;B. master the definition of degree of freedom, the calculation of degree of freedom, and the conditions for a mechanism to have a definitive kinematic motion.3) Planar linkagesA. master the basic types of planar four-bar linkage, and master the conditions for the existence of cranks and the characteristics of force transmission and motion transmission;B. understand the evolution of planar four-bar linkage;C. master the graphic design methods for hinged four-bar linkage.4) CamsA. master the application and the classification of cams, and the motion laws of cam followers;B. master the graphic design of the cam profile of disk-shaped cam;C. master the influences of the roller radius, pressure angle and base circle radius to the cam profile and the force on the cam.5) GearsA. Understand the classification and applications of gears and the basic law of meshing gears. Get familiar with the features of involute profiles and the characteristics of involute gear transmission;B. master the calculation of the parameters and geometry of involute spur gears;C. understand the conditions for a correct gear meshing, the conditions for continuous transmission and the concept of the standard center distance;D. Understanding the principles of cutting involute gears, and the concepts of minimum number of teeth and gear addendum modification;E. master the parameters of helical gears, their geometric dimensioning and the concept of equivalent number of teeth;F. be familiar with the formation and characteristics of the tooth profile curve of bevel gear, and bevel gear geometric parameters.6) Gear trainA. Understand the type of gear and applications;B. master the calculation method for the transmission ratio of fixed axis gears;C. master the calculation of the transmission ratio of planetary gears and mixed gear trains.7) Intermittent motion mechanismsA. Understand the characteristics of the ratchet mechanism and Geneva Mechanism and the applications of such mechanisms;B. be familiar with the design of the motion parameters of Geneva Mechanism.8) Introduction to mechanical part designA. Understand the basic criteria for the design of mechanical parts and the general procedures;B. Master the concept of the fatigue strength of machine parts, and understand the factors that affect the fatigue strength;C. be familiar with the common materials of mechanical parts and their selection principle. Understand the concept of standardization of parts.9) The connectionsA. Be familiar with the common types of threads, and get familiar with their parameters and application characteristics; Master the force distribution, efficiency and self-locking of screw pairs;B. master the basic types, structure and application characteristics of threaded connections, and understand the significance of pretension and anti-loosing lock and related methods;C. master the strength calculation method for a single bolt connection, and understand the measures to improve the strength of bolts;D. master the design features of sliding screw drives;E. master to the connection type, the working principle, application characteristics of key connections, and master the strength calculation method for the flat key connection.Major exercise on Integrated design: (Optionally) choose "the screw connection of a drag hook“ or "screw jack" as a major exercis e.10) Belt driveA. Understand the type, working principles, characteristics and applications of belt transmission;B. master the force analysis, stress analysis and stress distribution of belt drive, and the basic concepts of elastic sliding and slipping;C. master the the failure forms and design criteria of of belt transmission. Master the design methods for V belts drive;D. Get familiar with the structure, size and basic dimensions of V belts and V pulleys, and understand the installation, operation and maintenance requirements of belt drive.Major exercise on integrated design: (Optionally) choose "the belt drive in the vertical mixer" as a major exercise.11) Chain driveA. Understanding the transmission types, characteristics and applications of chain drives, and get familiar with the structure and parameters of roller chains;B. Master the movement characteristics and stress analysis of roller chain drives;C. Master the failure forms of chain drives, and their design method and parameter selection;D. Understand the layout, tension and lubrication requirements of chain drive.12) Gear driveA. master the Failure forms of gear and calculation criteria;B. be familiar with commonly used materials and heat treatment methods for gears;C. master the gear stress analysis methods (including the force application point, size, and direction);D. master the calculation methods for the contact fatigue strength and tooth root bending fatigue strength of spur gear tooth, the force application points, the governing theory for calculation, and the types and the changing characteristics of stress. And master the strength calculation methods;E. master the characteristics of the strength calculation of for helical gears and bevel gears;F. Master the selection of the main parameters of gears;G. master the structural design of gears.13) Worm driveA. Understand the characteristics and applications of worm drive;B. master the main parameters of the worm drive, the principles of parameter selection, and the calculation of geometry parameters;C. Master the forms of failure and the design criteria for worm drive; And get familiar with the commonly used materials and the structures for worm drive.;D. Master the force analysis (the force application points, direction and size) and motion direction analysis of worm drives;E. Master the calculation method of the strength of worm drives, and understand the meaning of and the methods for the efficiency calculation and the heat balance calculation.14) ShaftA. Understand the function and the classification of shafts; and master the force characteristics and stress characteristics of a variety of shafts;B. understand the material used for shaft and the selection principle, and master the basic requirements and general procedures for the shaft design;C. master the structural design requirements and methods for shaft;D. master the strength calculation method for shaft, and understand the measures to improve fatigue strength.15) Sliding bearingsA. Understand the type and basic characteristics of friction;B. Be familiar with the classification, structure, characteristics and applications of plain bearings;C. master the basic requirements for bearing material and be familiar with commonly used bearing material;D. master the failure forms, design criteria and calculation methods of mixed-lubricated bearings;E. understand the lubrication methods, lubricant types and key performance indicators for bearings;F. understand the basic concepts of fluid lubrication.16) Rolling-contact bearingsA. be familiar with the construction, commonly used type of structure, application characteristics and the code of rolling-contact bearings; master the type selection principles;B. master the failure form, design criteria and life calculation methods of rolling-contact bearings;C. master the requirements and methods for the unitized design of rolling-contact bearings;D. Understand the meaning and methods of the rolling bearing lubrication and sealing.17) Shaft coupling and clutchA. Understand the function of the shaft coupling and the clutch and the difference between them;B. Master the classification of couplings, and master the compensation means of two-axis relative displacements and the selection methods of couplings;C. be familiar with the main types of coupling structure and their working principle, and understand the main types and the work principles of clutches.18) SpringA. Understand the function, classification, materials of springs, and understand the determination of allowable stress;B. master the main geometric parameters, the indicative line and the design calculation method of cylindrical spiral spring;19) Disassembly and assembly of a single-chamber internal combustion engineUnderstand the composition and working principle of the single-chamber internal combustion engine, and clarify the functions of each part and the motion and mating relationships between each other, and get familiar with the structure, installation and connection of the main components; Build up a preliminary understanding on the machine composition and the assembly process, a preliminary understanding on mechanisms and their forms of institution, and a preliminary understanding of the main components, shape and function of the main components.20）Experiment on mechanical transmission efficiencyBased on a mastery of the experiment principle, the students shall by themselves design an experimental device for testing mechanical transmission performances, and complete the assembly of the experimental system, the parameter testing and the writing-up of test reports.21）Experiment on shaft structural designThe students will be familiar with the parts of the common shafting structure, will master the basic requirements for the structural design of shaft, and will master the basic methods for the design of composite bearing structures.4. Semester Hour Structure5. GradingThis course uses a 100 score grading system and adopts a diversification of performance evaluations. The total score consists of the following:1) Final Exam 75%～80%2) Major and minor exercises 10%～15%3) Experiment 10%6. Text-Book & Additional Readings"Mechanical Design Fundamentals" (fourth edition), Shuncheng Fan, eds, Mechanical Industry Press, 2007。