商务合同翻译技巧汇总
常见国际商务合同的翻译技巧handout
常见国际商务合同的翻译技巧handout一、合同翻译的准则1. 准确严谨Licensee will furnish to Party A copies of insurance policies and/or the endorsements.2. 规范通顺Expressiveness and Smoothness兹经买卖双方同意按下列规定的条款出售和购买此货。
二、句子翻译技巧1.主语的转换1）主语转换为谓语Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order, otherwise the Buyer must at its opinion cancel the order without cost to him, and charge the Seller for any loss incurred as the res ult of the latter’s failure to make such a delivery.Payment shall be made by net cash against sight draft with Bill of Lading attached showing the shipment of the goods. Such payment shall be made through the Bank of China, Dalian Branch. The Bill of Lading shall not be delivered to the Buyer until such draft is paid.Partial shipments shall be allowed upon presentation of the clean set of shipping document.2）主语转化为宾语Should all or part of the Contract and its appendices be unable to be fulfilled owing to the fault of one party, the breaching party shall bear the responsibilities thus caused.If any terms and conditions of this Contract are breached and the breach is not corrected by the breaching party within 30 days after a written notice thereof is given by the other party, then thenonbreaching party shall have the option to terminate this Contract by giving a written notice thereof to the breaching party.3）主语转为定语Each party is liable for the Joint Venture Company only up to the limit of the capital subscribed by it.2. 宾语的转换1）宾语转为主语The Seller shall deliver the Equipment and Materials in accordance with the Contract from the 19 (nineteenth) month to the 27 (twenty-seventy) month from the date of signing the Contract in 4 (four) lots.Party A shall send twice its technical personnel to Party B’s factory for training, and the total number of the participants shall not exceed 200 (excluding the interpreter).2）宾语转换为谓语The Licensor will, at its own cost, take such actions to eliminate infringement of the Licensed Patents as may be reasonably necessary and proper in its own opinion.The Seller shall make delivery of the goods strictly within the period stipulated herein. In the event of delay in delivery, the Buyer may cancel the Contract and claim damages for breach of the Contract.3. 表语的转换1）Agent oriented toward a single geographic market searching for products to import and market in the home Country is an import agent.The date of registration of the Joint Venture Company shall be the date of the establishment of the board of directors of the Joint V enture Company.2）表语转为谓语In the course of arbitration, the Contract shall be continuously executed by both parties except the part of the Contract which is under arbitration.Whereas Party B is in the real estate business, and the two Parties are in consideration of the mutual convenances and agrees to enter into this Contract under the terms and conditions set forth as follows:4. 定语的转换1）定语转为谓语The sample of the machine submitted by the Seller is featured by novel shape, easy operation, high calorific efficiency and low fuel consumption.We look forward to an ever increasing volume of business with your glass factories.We claim from shortage in weight and low quality on the consignment of w heat shipped per s.s. “Princess Victoria”.2）定语转为状语Any disputes arising from the execution of, or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly consultations between both Parties. In case no settlement can be reached through consultations, the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration.The Joint Venture’s products to be sold in China may be handled by the Chinese Materials and Commercial Departments by means of agency or exclusive sales, or direct sale by the Joint Venture Company.5. 状语的转换1）状语转化为主语The conditions for establishment of the Joint Venture Company and the total amount of investment and registeredcapital are stipulated in this Contract.For the purpose of this Contract, the Party B desires to introduce the Patent and engage in production cooperation in accordance with the technical know-how specified in the Patent.The products fair will be held at the Standard Electrical Co., Madrid, Spain with the Buyer’s representatives.2）状语转化为汉语的定语In this Contract, the Packing Clause stipulates for one gross to the polythene bag, covered with paper box, 50 paper boxes to an inner carton, 2 inner cartons to a wooden case.三、被动语态的翻译1.被动语态的转换翻译1）动作的发出者转化为汉语主语This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.If any terms and conditions to this Contract are breached and the breach is not corrected by any party within 15 days after a written notice thereof is given by the other party, then the non-breaching party shall have the option to terminate this Contract by giving a written notice thereof to the breaching party.All the payments shall be made in the U.S. Currency by the Buyer to the Seller by telegraphic transfer to the Seller’s designated account with the Bank of China, Beijing, China.2) 英语句中的某一状语转换为主语The cost of the nonreturnable containers of the goods sold under this Contract is included in the prices herein specified.The production design, technology of manufacturing, means of testing materials prescription, standard of quality and trainingof personnel shall stipulated in Chapter 4 in this contract.The establishment, remuneration and the expenses of the staff of the preparation and construction office, when agreed by both parties, shall be covered in the project budget.3）把英语句子中的主语转化为宾语In case the quality, quantity or weight of the goods is found not in conformity to those stipulated in this Contract after reinspection by the China Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer shall return the goods to, or lodge claim against the Seller for compensation of losses upon the strength of Inspection Certificate issued by the said Bureau, with the exception of those claims for which the insurers or the carriers are liable.Upon the expiration of the duration or termination before the date of expiration of the Joint Venture, liquidation shall be carried out according to relevant law. The liquidated assets shall be distributed in accordance with the proportion of investment contributed by Party A and Party B.2. 被动语态的顺序1)按原句语序译成汉语主动语态The Seller shall not be held responsible for late delivery or non-delivery of the goods owing to generally recognized Force Majeure causes.The Seller shall be entitled to terminate this Contract in the event of failure by the Buyer to comply with any terms or conditions stated in this Article.2）按原句语序译成汉语被动语态The term for the technology transfer agreement is signed by Joint Company and Party B and it shall be approved by theapproval authority.All the equipment and materials supplied by the Seller shall be inspected by the Buyer and the quality certificates and inspection and test records shall be issued by the manufacturer.3）it is +p.p.It is mutually agreed that the certificate of quality and quantity or weight issued by themanufacturer shall be part of the document for payment with the adopted Letter of Credit.It is essentially stressed that the Buyers are requested to sign and return the duplicate of this Contract within 3 days from the date of receipt. In the event of failure to do this , the Sellers reserve the right to cancel the Contract.It is strictly understood that the number of employees to be trained by the Contractor at any one time shall no more than (…)四、从句的翻译1. 状语从句的翻译1）条件状语从句的翻译If 若，如果If the Force Majeure event lasts over 40 days, the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the Contract or the undelivered part of the Contract.If any change is required regarding the terms and conditions to this Agreement, then both parties shall negotiate in order to find a suitable solution, provided however, that any change to this Agreement shall be subject to the approval by the Chinese Government.Claims, if any, shall be submitted by Telex within fourteen days after the arrival of the goods at destination.Contingent shares, if any, to be issued hereunder shall bedetermined on the basis of the after-tax consolidated earning of Seller.Said amount shall be reduced by the sum of the difference, if any, between the inventory value of small equipment and the closing inventory value thereof.In case 如，若In case the Buyer fail to carry out any of the terms or conditions to this Contract with the Seller, the Seller shall have the right to terminate all or any part of this Contract with the Buyer or postpone shipment or stop any goods in transit and the Buyer shall in every such case be liable to the Seller for all losses, damages and expenses thereby incurred.In case of any divergence of interpretation, the Chinese text shall prevail.In case of quality discrepancy, claims shall be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.In the event that 若，如果，假如In the event that deficiencies in the Equipment become evident, such deficiencies shall be corrected by ABC during the two days per week during which the Purchaser will not be testing.In the event that the Documents supplied by Party B are not in conformity with the stipulations in Sections 8.2, Party B shall, within the shortest possible time but not later than 30 days after the receipt of the Party A’s written notice, dispatch free of charge to Party A the missing or the correct and legible Documents.In the event of graft or serious dereliction of duty on the part of the general manager and/or deputy general managers, the Board of Directors shall have the power to dismiss them at will.should+subj.+verb.Should any of the stipulations to the Contract be altered, amended, supplemented or deleted, the same shall be negotiated between and agreed upon by both parties and written documents shall be signed by the representatives of both parties.Should the effect of Force Majeure continue more than one hundred and twenty (120) consecutive days, both parties shall settle the further execution of the Contract through friendly negotiations as soon as possible.Unless=if not, except if or except whenUnless expressly agreed to, the port of shipment is at the Seller’s option.Unless otherwise stated thereafter, the accounting principles employed shall be the same as those applied in the proceeding years.Neither Party shall have the right to represent the other party unless otherwise arranged. Provided that…No salary shall be paid and charged against the operating expenses, provided that the commission or brokerage of the Second Party shall be paid and charged as a part of the operating expenses.Provided that Party B desires to continue leasing the flat, Party B shall notify Party A in writing tow months in advance of expiry of the leased and a new contact shall be signed.All disputes in connection with or in the execution of this Contract shall be settled through friendly negotiation. Where no settlement can be reached, the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration.When one party to the Joint Venture Company assigns all orpart of his investment, the other party has preemptive right.2）. 时间状语从句的翻译。
浅论国际贸易中商务英语合同翻译的策略与技巧
浅论国际贸易中商务英语合同翻译的策略与技巧介绍如下：
随着国际贸易的不断发展，商务英语合同翻译的重要性也逐渐受到关注。
商务英语合同中涉及的条款繁多，表达方式也相对固定，翻译人员需要掌握一定的策略和技巧才能准确、完整地传达原文中的含义。
以下是一些商务英语合同翻译的策略和技巧。
1.意译而非词语翻译
商务英语合同中的某些条款或句子可能没有直接的对应汉语表达，此时需要采用意译的方式来传达意思。
在意译的过程中，要抓住原文的核心思想和含义，同时兼顾翻译的语言规范和习惯。
2.注意条款的精准度
商务英语合同中的条款需要精准地翻译，避免意思上的模糊和歧义，否则可能会引起纠纷和误解。
在翻译过程中，要准确理解条款的用意和含义，并权衡汉语表达方式的准确性和流畅度。
3.了解当地法律法规和商务惯例
商务英语合同中涉及的法律术语和商务惯例往往有所不同，需要根据具体情况进行翻译和解释。
在进行合同翻译时，翻译人员需要了解当地的法律法规和商务惯例，避免出现翻译上的偏差或不当表达。
4.避免机械翻译
机械翻译虽然可以提高翻译效率和速度，但是往往不能精准反映原文的意思。
在商务英语合同翻译中，不能完全依赖机械翻译，需要进行适当的人工修正和调整，确保翻译的准确性和流畅度。
5.重视合同格式和排版
商务英语合同的格式和排版也要注意，对于一些格式和标点符号的处理需要特别关注。
要保持原文的格式和排版，尽量减少误解和不必要的麻烦。
总之，商务英语合同翻译需要翻译人员对商务英语和当地法律法规和商务惯例有较深入的了解，并采用意译、注意条款精准度、避免机械翻译、重视合同格式和排版等技巧和策略，以保证翻译的准确性和流畅度。
商务合同汉译英中形容词转名词的规则
商务合同汉译英中形容词转名词的规则商务合同的翻译，说起来复杂，但又不至于难得让人崩溃。
尤其是形容词变成名词这一块，嘿，很多人一开始真是容易摸不着头脑。
咱们先从最简单的说起，形容词嘛，就是描述事物特征的词，像“快速的”，“美丽的”，“强大的”这种。
而名词呢，就是事物本身，像“速度”，“美丽”，“力量”。
在翻译商务合同时，很多时候我们需要把形容词转换成名词，这样才能让句子更流畅，意思也更精准。
说白了，就是从“辣味十足”的辣椒变成“辣味”这种味道来表达了。
看起来像是一个简单的小步骤，其实涉及到的语法和用法细节可不少呢。
咱们不妨先看几个例子，慢慢聊。
首先呢，形容词转名词最常见的方式就是加后缀。
比如把“快”变成“快速”，这还挺简单的。
可是，商务合同中这种变化的背后可是大有文章。
你得注意，一些形容词不是随便加个后缀就行的。
比如“有效的”，要想变成名词，得变成“有效性”，对吧？这俩词的差距，你懂的，差得可不止一点点。
商务合同嘛，要求严谨，得一丝不苟。
可不能让“有效的”直接变成“有效”，那就像是我们说的，套用了“低级错误”一样，既不正式，也让人看了心里发毛。
再说说名词的变化。
其实啊，某些形容词本来就是名词化的，像“重大”就能直接变成“重大”，无需任何加工，搞得就像是“油条本身就是面条”一样。
不过，很多时候，尤其是在英文中，这种直接名词化是不可取的。
我们举个例子，假设我们有“flexible agreement”这种词组，在中文里翻译成“灵活的协议”挺简单的，但要想更专业一些，得把“灵活”变成名词“灵活性”。
比如英文合同中提到“with flexibility”，那咱们就得翻成“灵活性”，就算是把简单的形容词“灵活”转化成了正式的名词，“灵活性”，有没有发现，感觉一下子就正式多了？变化的规则也带点“小花样”。
比如“独立的”形容词，它要变成名词，可就得加个“性”变成“独立性”了。
你想啊，这样一来，“独立性”不仅让语言听起来更专业，也避免了在正式场合中听起来像个“小朋友说话”一样。
商务英语合同术语翻译技巧
商务英语合同术语翻译技巧1.熟悉合同类型：不同类型的合同有不同的术语和结构，比如销售合同、租赁合同、合作协议等。
译者需要熟悉不同类型的合同的特点，以便正确理解和翻译其中的术语。
2.细致入微的研究：在开始翻译前，译者应该仔细研究合同的背景信息，包括涉及的行业、法律法规以及当地文化背景等。
这对于理解合同的具体要求和上下文非常重要，以确保翻译的准确性和适用性。
3.考虑合同的目标读者：在翻译合同时，译者需要考虑合同的目标读者是谁。
如果合同是给非专业人士阅读的，那么术语应该更加简单和易懂。
如果目标读者是法律专业人员，那么可以使用更加专业的术语。
4.确保准确性和一致性：合同的准确性和一致性对于保护各方的权益非常重要。
翻译合同时，译者应该尽量保持与原文一致的用词和结构，以确保翻译的准确性和一致性。
5.注意法律条款：在翻译合同时，译者需要特别注意法律条款的翻译。
法律条款通常使用特定的术语和结构，对于翻译者来说是一项具有挑战性的任务。
译者需要确保法律条款的准确性和一致性，并在必要时寻求专业法律人士的帮助。
6.注意翻译的格式和布局：合同通常具有特定的格式和布局，包括标题、编号、条款和款项等。
译者需要注意这些细节，以确保翻译的格式和布局与原文一致。
7.避免过度翻译：有时候，直译合同中的术语可能导致理解上的困惑或表达上的冗长。
在这种情况下，译者可以适度调整语言，以便更好地传达原文的意思。
8.反复校对和审查：合同翻译是一项需要高度精确性的任务，因此译者应该进行反复的校对和审查，以确保翻译的准确性和一致性。
总的来说，商务英语合同术语的翻译是一项复杂而重要的任务。
译者需要具备良好的英语和法律知识，以及对不同类型合同的理解和研究。
通过细致入微的研究、考虑合同的目标读者、确保准确性和一致性、注意法律条款、处理好翻译的格式和布局、避免过度翻译以及反复校对和审查等技巧，译者可以提高翻译商务英语合同术语的质量。
商务英语合同的翻译技巧
商务英语合同的翻译技巧通读合同全文并研究其结构，做到全面理解合同、掌握内涵并从宏观上了解待译合同原文的总体精神和篇章结构。
在通读合同全文的基础上仔细研读该合同的各个条款。
合同各章节条款具有相对的独立性，可逐字、逐句、逐段、逐节、逐章地仔细研讨，分析各个条款的语法结构，找出其中的理解与翻译难点，在翻译时，一定要首先理顺句子之间的逻辑结构，注意行文的条理性及严谨性。
着手翻译：依据语法分析译文的结构，查阅并译出其中的翻译难点。
组织译文并准确表达：把结构已经确定下来、翻译难点已经解决的译文加以整理，并依据目的语的表述习惯安排该条款译文的排列顺序。
在准确表达的前提下，力求使译文的格式和文体符合合同的规范和要求。
注意事项译英时，必须要使用一些有关的专业术语、商贸与法律术语、古英语词汇等，多用文体正式庄严的词汇，尽量多使用常见的合同套语和上文罗列的合同的、英语句型，这样才干使译文达到用语规范，表述严谨、准确、简洁的庄严体效果。
要做到译文严谨、规范、专业，译员还应当遵循"客随主便'的愿则，翻译时尽可能保留原谅的结构表述，保留原谅的整体格式。
2合同怎么翻译最成功我们在与翻译公司人员〔沟通〕的时候,往往会忽略很多本来应该注意的问题,如图片中的翻译流程中,其实我们要注意的环节很多。
特别是彼此应尽的责任和义务,尤其是针对一些重要保密文件翻译中的问题,为此捷优翻译为你准备了一些你在翻译中要注意的事项。
希望对你与翻译公司沟通中有所帮助。
一般翻译公司不会都会尽职尽责为客户服务的,但防范于未然也是不错的选择。
翻译责任要明确翻译公司应在您要求的时间内完成翻译,并将尽可能坚持原稿的格式、用语、语法和语法等,但关于原稿中出现的显然的或常识性的格式、用语、逻辑和语法方面的错误,则将依据实际状况尽可能给予修正。
您在接到稿件后,交付剩余的翻译费用并完成余下的合作事宜;对译稿有异议,请在收到译文后尽快以书面形式提出,否则翻译公司可能视为自动放弃修改。
商务英语合同翻译技巧总结
商务英语合同翻译技巧总结1. 双方基本信息：- Contract title: 商务英语合同翻译技巧总结- Parties involved: [Name of Party A] and [Name of Party B]- Address: [Party A’s Address], [Party B’s Address]- Contact person: [Name of Party A’s Contact Person], [Name of Party B’s Contact Person]- Telephone: [Party A’s Telephone Number], [Party B’s Telephone Number]- Email: [Party A’s Email Address], [Party B’s Email Address]2. 身份、权利、义务、履行方式、期限、违约责任：Party A:- Identity: [Party A’s Legal Name]- Rights: [Party A’s Rights under the Contract]- Obligat ions: [Party A’s Obligations under the Contract]- Performance: [Party A’s Performance Obligations under the Contract]- Timeframe: [Party A’s Timeframe for Performance]- Breach: [Party A’s Penalties for Breach]Party B:- Identity: [Party B’s Legal Name]- R ights: [Party B’s Rights under the Contract]- Obligations: [Party B’s Obligations under the Contract]- Performance: [Party B’s Performance Obligations underthe Contract]- Timeframe: [Party B’s Timeframe for Performance]- Breach: [Party B’s Penalties for B reach]3. 遵守中国相关法律法规：Both parties shall comply with the applicable laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China.4. 明确各方权利义务：- Party A has the right to [insert rights], and is responsible for [insert obligations].- Party B has the right to [insert rights], and is responsible for [insert obligations].5. 明确法律效力和可执行性：- This contract is legally binding and enforceable in accordance with the laws of the People's Republic of China.- Any disputes arising from this contract will be settled through [insert dispute resolution method].6. 其他：- This contract shall be in writing and signed by both parties.- Any amendments to this contract shall be made in writing and signed by both parties.- This contract is effective as of [insert effective date] and shall remain in effect until [insert end date or termination clause].以上是商务英语合同翻译技巧总结的一些基本内容，具体内容应根据实际情况而定并符合法律要求。
商务英语合同的语言特色及翻译技巧
商务英语合同的语言特色及翻译技巧
商务英语合同是商业交易中不可或缺的一部分，其语言特色和翻译技巧对于商务翻译人员来说非常重要。
以下是商务英语合同的语言特色及翻译技巧：
一、语言特色
1.正式性：商务英语合同是正式文件，因此其语言要求严谨、准确、规范，不能出现口语化、随意、模糊的表达。
2.简洁性：商务英语合同要求简洁明了，用词精准，避免冗长、繁琐的句子和用词。
3.明确性：商务英语合同要求明确表达各方的权利和义务，避免歧义和误解。
4.法律性：商务英语合同是法律文件，其语言需要符合法律规范，遵循法律原则和规则。
二、翻译技巧
1.准确翻译：商务英语合同的翻译要求准确无误，不能出现翻译错误或漏译现象。
2.保持原意：商务英语合同的翻译要保持原意，不能改变原文表达的意思。
3.遵循法律规范：商务英语合同的翻译需要遵循法律规范，翻译人员需要了解相关法律法规，确保翻译内容符合法律规定。
4.注意用词：商务英语合同的翻译需要注意用词，用词准确、简洁、明确，避免冗长、繁琐的表达。
5.审慎翻译：商务英语合同的翻译需要审慎处理，避免出现歧义和误解，确保翻译内容符合各方的权利和义务。
总之，商务英语合同的语言特色和翻译技巧对于商务翻译人员来说非常重要，需要翻译人员具备专业的语言能力和法律知识，确保翻译内容准确无误，符合法律规范，保持原意。
商务英语翻译技巧有哪些
商务英语翻译技巧有哪些商务英语翻译要求翻译者具备丰富的商务理论和商务实践知识，那么你知道翻译商务英语有什么技巧吗?下面是店铺为你整理的商务英语翻译技巧，希望大家喜欢!商务英语翻译技巧1.用词准确，译文完整。
在翻译中，由于相关信息与双方利益有密切联系，合同涉及的各项条款也是双方必须要遵守的，具备一定的法律约束力，因此，译者在翻译中应做到用词准确、严谨。
同时，只有译文完整，双方签订的合同才是准确合理的，这就需要译者在翻译英文合同文本时，应适当融入一些原本隐含的内容，这样不仅可以确保合同内容的严密性、准确性，还能够让整个合同看起来更加完整、清晰，同时也为读者全面、准确掌握合同内容提供方便。
2.恰当的词量增减。
在商务英语实践翻译中，词量的增减也是很重要的一个翻译技巧。
翻译时要结合原文上下文的意思、逻辑关系，以及译文语言句法特点、表达习惯，适当的增添一些原文未出现但实际内容已包含的词语，或者是删减一些原文虽提及，但是译文表达中不需要用到的词汇。
对于赠词来讲，结合上下文可以适当增加一些动词、形容词和名词等，但在那一部分、什么场合增加相应词汇才恰到好处，还不超过一定界限，还需要在实践翻译中不断探索和积累。
比如：All cash bonus shall be subject to income tax.意思是所有现金红利，军须缴纳所得税。
根据汉语的行文习惯，在翻译时就应该适当的添加一些动词。
对于减词来讲，可以使译文更加简洁明了，并且能够改善原文逐字翻译形成的拖沓、累赘的行文习惯，避免歧义现象的产生。
3.注重文化差异。
在翻译中，风格信息的传递是不容忽视的，虽然由于人类生存环境、条件方面存在的差异，会产生一些不可译的文化，但是人类生存需求、思维方式上还是存在一定共性的。
不同国家、民族之间都会存在一定差异，商务英语翻译者应全面了解、掌握这些差异，并采用恰当的翻译技巧实现文化、信息上的对等。
在翻译中如忽视了原文的风格信息，不仅会流失大量译文信息，还会影响译文的得体性。
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修饰谓语动词的状语有三个
a. 分别表示时间within 15 days after arrival of
the goods at the destination
b. 方式being supported by Inspection Certificate
issued by a reputable public surveyor和
c. 目的for short-weight
而且状语中还有状语，作定语的分词issued还有
自己的状语by a reputable public surveyor。
众多状语，尽管在英语中的位置十分灵活， 然而按照汉语的行文规范，方式状语一般应 位于动词之前；而有些状语在译文中可以灵 活处理，例如本句中的时间状语，可以提前 至句首。因此，上句可译成： 货物抵达目的港15天内，买方可以凭有信誉 的公共检验员出示的检验证明向卖方提出短 重索赔。
• Contracts tend to be filled with long sentences, which are mainly divided into three categories:simple sentences, complex sentences and juxtaposed sentences. To translate these sentences we must first analyze the logic between different components of the sentence and then identify the principal clause. Finally we reorganize the components in accordance with the Chinese practice and thus create concise, smooth and clear sentences.
shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for
compensation of short-weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspection by the CCIB.
• 合同复合句的分析方法具体要遵循以下步骤： • 首先，译者要找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语， 即句子的主干结构
• •
其次，要找出句子中所有的谓语结构、非谓 语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词。 然后再分析从句和短句的功能，即：是否是 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等， 以及词、短语和从句之间的关系。 最后，分析句子中是否有固定搭配，插入语 等其他成分。下面举一个实例说明
• 二、要掌握商务英文合同复合句的翻译方法
• 商务合同中英文复合句的出现频率高，句子结 构复杂，逻辑性强，无疑给译者增添了许多困难， 但是，无论多长的句子，多么复杂的结构，它们都 是由一些基本的成分组成的。只要弄清了合同原文 的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及各层意思， 然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系，再按汉语的特 点和表达方式组织译文就可以保证合同翻译的准确 性。
简单长句及其翻译
The Buyers may，within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination， lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor. 这是一个简单长句，其主干为The Buyers may…lodge a claim…。
同的句式特点
• 作为法律文 书，商务合同规定各方当事人的权利和 义务，合同文字的表达必须完整、细致、严谨、明晰。而 英语的复合句，可以包含多个从句。从句之间的关系可能 包容、限定，也可能并列平行，因此，在合同中较多使用 复合句能够将各方的权利和义务在有限的条款中完整明确 地体现出来，确保合同句子结构的严谨性，以及文意的严 密、细致。但是复合句中往往包含若干从句、修饰语等等， 有时会显得臃肿、晦涩，无疑会增加理解英文合同的难度， 与此同时也增加了合同翻译的难度。
文商务合同中往往有大量并列成分。这些并列成 分包括并列的词、短语以及从句。从语用角度看，
并列的平行结构使合同的句式平衡，表意完整。
在翻译由两个或两个以上的并列单句构成的复杂
长句时可以采用分句译法。并列长句的分句之间
的语义关系比较松散，因此翻译时可以断 开，分 解成单句独立存在。例如：
• The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for compensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，should the quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau and the Buyer
•
例：If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shall indemnify and keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach. 分析： 第一步，拆分句子：此长句可拆分为四个意义段，分别是 1) If a Party breaches …in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18. 2 2) then in addition to …Applicable laws 3）it shall indemnify and …costs, expenses, liabilities and claims 4) that such Party or …as a result of such breach.
语均放在各自修饰的动词的前面。同时，为了符 合汉语句式较短的特点，可以将两个并列分句断 开，分解成两个单句，即译成：
• 若货物经中国商品检验局复检后发现质量 与本合同之规定不符，买方有权于货物抵 达目的港后的60天内向卖方提出索赔。若 经中国商品检验局复检发现货物质量与提 单所示重量不符，买方有权于货物抵达目 的港后的60天内向卖方提出短重索赔。
• 从语用的角度来看，商务合同中许多时间状语表示的是某 一缔约方必须在何时何地承担某一义务和享有某一种权利， 即时效性。因此整个句子的重心不是句子的动词，而是发 生动作的时间。
在译成中文时，为了突出行为的时效性，时间状语应尽量 靠近表示义务责任的关键词“须”。此句中还含有一个较 为复杂的方式状语by opening an irrevocable L/C…，其 中含有三个介词短语作定语修饰an irrevocable L/C。按照 汉语的行文规范，方式状语一般应位于动词之前。
商务合同复合句的翻译方法
• 由于合同的严肃，严谨，严密性，导致复 合句的应用较多，而结构复杂的复合句的 翻译恰是保证整体翻译效果和准确性的关 键。通常遇到此类句型，译员应在在分析 句子结构、成分的基础上，采用顺序法、 逆序法及分译法翻译进行翻译的策略。
• 一、要翻译好结构复杂的复合句，首先要了解商务英文合
此外，若动词同时带有时间状语和方式状语时，英文的通 常顺序是方式在前，时间在后，而汉语却正好与之相反， 为方式在后，时间在前。因此本句可译成：
• 买方须于本合同签字并生效后30天内通过 出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤 销信用证支付全部货款计30 000美元。
并列长句的翻译
• 由 于撰写合同时不能遗漏任何可能情况，所以英
• 第二步，句子的结构分析： • 1. 句的主干结构是主语（It）（情态动词 动词原形） （shall indemnify and keep indemnified…against） 宾语 （the other Party and the Company）。 • 2. “if”引导的是条件从句，条件句的宾语部分跟随后置 定语（given by it in Articles 18. 1 or repeated in 18. 2）。 • 3. “in addition to”引导的是增补成分，其核心词 remedies也跟了后置定语（available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable laws）。 • 4. 而“that”引导的则是后置定语修饰紧邻的五个名词。 • 5. 固定结构“indemnify sb. Against …”使某人不受……