口解真题
-全国各省市中考文言文真题汇编:《口技》7

2006-2011年6年大全《口技》中考试卷汇编2006黔东南非课改口技(节选)(8分)忽一人大呼“火起”,夫起大呼,妇亦起大呼。
两儿齐哭。
俄而百千人大呼,百千儿哭,百千犬吠。
中间力拉崩倒之声,火爆声,呼呼风声,百千齐作;又夹百千求求声,曳屋许许声,抢夺声,泼水声。
凡所应有,无所不有。
虽人有百手,手有百指,不能指其一端;人有百口,口有百舌,不能名其一处也。
于是宾客无不变色离席,奋袖出臂,两股战战,几欲先走。
11、解释下列句中加点词的意思(2分)(1) 虽人有百手,手有百指,不能指其一端。
(2) 人有百口,口有百舌,不能名其一处也。
12、把下边的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(6分)(1) 中间力拉崩倒之声。
(2) 两股战战,几欲先走。
(1) (2)2006广西南宁京中有善口技者。
会宾客大宴,于厅事之东北角,施八尺屏障,口技人坐屏障中,一桌、一椅、一扇、一抚尺而已。
众宾团坐。
少顷,但闻屏障中抚尺一下,满坐寂然,无敢哗者。
遥闻深巷中犬吠,便有妇人惊觉欠伸,其夫呓语。
既而儿醒,大啼。
夫亦醒。
妇抚儿乳,儿舍乳啼,妇拍而鸣之。
又一大儿醒,絮絮不止。
当是时,妇手拍儿声,口中呜声.儿含乳啼声,大儿初醒声,夫叱大儿声,一时齐发,众妙毕备。
满坐宾客无不伸颈,侧日,微笑,默叹,以为妙绝。
未几,夫齁声起,妇拍儿亦渐拍渐止。
微闻有鼠作作索索,盆器倾侧,妇梦中咳嗽。
宾客意少舒,稍稍正坐。
忽一人大呼“火起”,夫起大呼,妇亦起大呼。
两儿齐哭。
俄而百千人大呼,百千儿哭,百千犬吠。
中间力拉崩倒之声,火爆声,呼呼风声,百千齐作;又夹百千求救声,曳屋许许声,抢夺声,泼水声。
凡所应有,无所不有。
虽人有百手,手有百指,不能指其一端;人有百口,口有百舌,不能名其一处也。
于是宾客无不变色离席,奋袖出臂,两股战战,几欲先走。
忽然抚尺一下,群响毕绝。
撤屏视之,一人、一桌、一椅、一扇、一抚尺而已。
6.解释下列加点的词语。
(2分)①会宾客大宴会:②忽然抚尺一下,群响毕绝绝:7.与“于厅事之东北角”中“于”意思不一样的一项是( )(2分)A. 苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯 B.生于忧患,死于安乐C.是故所欲有甚于生者 D.至于负者歌于途,行者休于树8.用现代汉语翻译下列语句。
历年高口NTGF原文真题

2014年3月高级口译听力真题NTGF含解析Note Taking and Gap FillingGood afternoon, class. I want to start my lecture by telling you a story. Once there was a young woman from Mexico named Consuela, who came to New York to learn English. She got a job at a factory owned by a Chinese. One day as Consuela came to work, her Chinese boss handed her a red envelope. Consuela looked inside and saw 20 dollars. She became very upset and threw the envelope back at her boss! Her boss was shocked. Well, he had given her the red envelope and the money because it was Chinese New Year. And on the Chinese New Year, it is traditional to give money to young, single people for good luck. However, from Consuela’s point of view, he was an older man giving her money in an envelope, which meant that he was asking her for sexual favors. Naturally, she refused to take the money.Now, what does this story show us? It shows that an action can have totally opposite meanings in different cultures. Every culture has its own rules for what is appropriate and what is not appropriate behavior. And to illustrate my point today, I’m going to give examples from four areas. First, the way people greet each other in different cultures. Second, the way they use names and titles. Third, the way people eat. And finally, the way they exchange gifts.OK, let’s start with greeting customs—First of all, I’m sure you know that in the United States and in most western countries, greetings often involve some sort of touching, such as a handshake, a hug, or a kiss if people know each other very well. On the other hand, people from most Asian countriesdon’t usually feel as comfortable touching in public. Although handshakes between business people are common, many Japanese prefer a bow, while people from Thailand, normally hold their hands together in a kind of prayer position. So imagine how embarrassing it would be if an American was invited to someone’s home in Japan or Thailand and she tried to hug the host!Now, another behavior that differs from culture to culture is the use of names. Have you noticed that Americans ar e quick to use people’s first names even if they have just met. For instance, visitors to the United States are always surprised to hear employees speak to their bosses using first names. In contrast, people in most other cultures are more formal and prefer to be addressed as Mr. Brown or Mr. Honda, for example. In addition, in some countries, such as Italy or Korea, people like you to include their title orposition with their family names, especially if they’re university graduates or owners of a business.Now I want to look at eating customs. I’ll talk about the behaviors connected with eating that vary from culture to culture. One of these is the use of utensils. You probably know that people in many Asian cultures use chopsticks but in some countries i t’s customary to eat with your fingers. It’s important to be aware of different dining customs. Here is another example. In some cultures, eating everything on your plate is considered impolite. In Egypt and China, you should leave some food in your dish at the end of the meal. This is to show that your hosts were generous and gave you more than enough to eat. However, Americans generally consider a clean plate as a sign of satisfaction with the food.Finally, what I want to mention today is gift giving, which you may think is a universal custom and there is not much variation from culture to culture. But the rules of gift giving can be very complicated. In USA, if you’re invited to someone’s home for dinner, bring wine or flowers or small item as a present. On the other hand, the Japanese give gifts quite frequently, often to thank someone, such as a teacher or a doctor. In the Japanese culture, gift giving is a very ancient tradition and it has many detailed rules. Another interesting fact about gift giving is that many cultures have strict rules about gifts you should not give. For example, never give yellow flowers to people from Iran, which means you hate them!【评析】本文题材对考生来说并不陌生,是老生常谈的文化差异。
三口真题-.11

三级口译【1 】Part 对话互译A: I’ve heard Chinese government is pushing a major poverty relief program across th e country. Would you please outline this program and its targeted population group? 我据说中国当局正在全国规模内实行一项重大扶贫筹划.可以或许扼要介绍一下该筹划及其针对的群体?B: 好的,我国当局有关部分依据国度扶贫开辟的总体计谋,提出了扶贫的目的.措施和实行办法,扶贫的重要地区和对象是贫苦的农村地区和农平易近.Well. According to the overall strategy of the country’s poverty relief program, the related department has proposed the objectives and implementation measures. The program is mainly targeted at poverty-stricken rural areas and farmers.A: How would you go about achieving your ambitious objectives?你们(中国当局)若何实现这一大志勃勃的目的呢?B: 中国当局安插专项扶贫资金,用于优秀品种的引进.实验.示范和推广. Chinese government has earmarked special funding for introduction, testing, demonstration and promotion of improved seeds / improved seed strains.A: I think one of the major problems of reducing the poverty among the rural populati on is the education of people in the remote areas rather than mere funding. That is, we should inform them of the technical knowhow and updating the official mode of prod uction.我以为,农村扶贫的一大症结是,是要教导偏远地区的人们,而不是仅仅安插专项资金.也就是说,我们应该向农平易近兄弟传授技巧常识,改造通例的临盆方法.B: 你说的完整对,当局发动了大专院校和科研院所,在贫苦地区积极推广农业先辈适用技巧.具体措施有用地转变了贫苦地区落伍的临盆方法,进步了地盘的产出率,敏捷增长农平易近收入.You are absolutely right. The Government has mobilized universities, colleges and research institutes to actively promote advanced technical knowhow in poor areas. The measures have improved the backward mode of production, increased the yield of farmland, and rapidly raised farm ers’ incomes.A: Are you saying external financial assistance and cooperation?你是说外部资金支援和合作吗?B: 中国的扶贫开辟重要依附本身的力气,同时中国当局看重与国际社会在扶贫范畴的交换与合作.中国当局以为积极开展扶贫范畴的国际交换与合作,将有利于加速解决本国贫苦生齿的温饱问题,还有助于经由过程借鉴国际社会多年积聚的扶贫经验和成功的扶贫方法,进步中国扶贫开辟的整体程度.China’s poverty relief la rgely depends on its own endeavor. Meanwhile, the Chinese Government values international exchanges and cooperation in poverty reduction. The Government maintains that actively promoting such exchanges and cooperation will not only help its people get enough to eat and wear, but also contribute to bringing its poverty relief work to a new level by drawing upon ample experience and successful methods of other countries in this regard.A: Thank you for your information. I wish your program a great success.感激你供给的信息.愿望你们的筹划取得美满成功.Part 2. 英译汉:结合国秘书长潘基文在2012年6月的讲话.Ladies and Gentlemen:I am here today to tell you why the Zero Hunger Challenge is so critical to sustainable development. I know that many of you are already focusing on ways to end hunger. Our challenge is to work better together to realize this vision. Sustainable developmen t is simply not possible in a world where nearly one billion people are hungry every d ay. Ending hunger is not only vital for our peace and security … it is essential for our collective future.//我今天在此想告知列位,“零饥饿挑衅”活动对于可中断成长十分症结.我知道,在座的有许多人已经在存眷清除饥饿的各类办法/存眷若何清除饥饿.我们面对的挑衅是,要加倍联结一致地实现这一愿景.当当代界,仍有近十亿生齿天天在忍饥挨饿,根本不成能实现可中断成长.清除饥饿不但对我们的和平与安然至关重要,并且对于我们配合的将来也至关重要.We cannot rest while so many people are hungry in a world where there is enough foo d for all. We are here because we know this has to change. That is why we are launchi ng the Zero Hunger Challenge. It has five objectives.今天,世界上的食物足够全球人平易近享用,但是仍有许多人食不充饥.对此,我们决不克不及懈怠留步.我们在此聚会会议,因为我们知道必须转变这一近况.是以,我们提议了这一“零饥饿挑衅”活动.它有五大目的.First, make sure that everyone in our world has access to enough nutritious food all ye ar long. They should be able to buy it, grow it, or get it through a safety net.//起首,要确保世界上每小我全年都能获得足够的具有养分食物.确保每小我都可以或许购置.或经由过程“社保安然网”机制/根本社保机制领到这些养分食物.第三段Second, end childhood malnutrition. It affects almost 200 million children today, with a profoundly negative impact on future generations. Proper nutrition between the beg inning of pregnancy and a child’s second birthday is the foundation for an entire life. / /第二,要清除儿童养分不良状态.养分不良天天影响着近两亿的儿童,也轻微影响着将来数代人的健康.从开端怀孕到两周岁,包管这一时代的儿童养分可以或许为其平生的健康奠基基本.第四段Third, build sustainable food systems. Whether our focus is business, the environment , farming or health, we must agree on how all can be nourished in a way that also nurt ures our planet.//第三,要构建可中断的食物系统.无论我们存眷的是商务.情况.耕种抑或健康,我们都必须认统一点:我们每小我获得养分的方法不得伤害我们地球的养分供给. 第五段Fourth, double smallholder farmers’ productivity and income while creating decent e mployment. These farmers, especially women, produce most of the world’s food. Imp rovements in their wellbeing create employment, cut poverty, increase the food suppl y, and stabilize prices for everyone.//第四,要实现小农的临盆率和收入翻一番,同时还要创造面子的工作.这些小农,尤其是女性,临盆全球大多半的食物.改良他们的福祉/福利可以或许创培养业.削减贫苦.增长食物供给以及稳固物价,这相符所有人的好处.Fifth, prevent food from being lost or wasted. As much as one third of all food gets lo st between harvesting and consumption. That is just too much. We must reduce these t ragic losses. We must also produce and consume food responsibly, be mindful of the e nvironment and of our long-term health.//第五,要防止食物的损掉和糟蹋.从收成一向到花费,其间有多达三分之一的食物糟蹋了,糟蹋得太多了,可谓损掉惨痛,必须削减.此外,还必须以负责的立场进行临盆和花费,决不克不及疏忽环保以及我们人类长远的健康.With this drive to defeat global hunger, we are not proposing a new goal. We are shari ng a vision for the future. A future where all people enjoy their fundamental right to f ood. Where people’s livelihoods and food systems are secure and able to withstand a changing climate. I am counting on all partners to come together and make this happe n. Governments, farmers, scientists, activists, businesses and consumers all have to be part of this effort. Many leaders attending this conference have pledged to work for a n end to hunger. I know they will respond to the Zero Hunger Challenge. Together we can end hunger in our lifetime.我们要大力抗击全球饥饿,我们今天在此并不是要提出一个新的目的.我们大家对将来有着配合的愿景,那就是,我们都享有人人有粮的根本权力;我们享有安然的生计和食物系统,并能抵御不竭变更的气象情况.我谨仰赖所有的合作伙伴联袂尽力.实现目的.所有的当局.农平易近.科学家.活动家.企业和花费者都要介入到我们的事业中来.今天与会的浩瀚引导人已承诺要尽力清除饥饿.我知道,他们会积极回应“零饥饿挑衅”活动.只要联结一致,我们定能在有生之年清除贫苦!感谢大家.Part 3:汉译英胡锦涛2009年11月在亚太经济合作组织第十七次引导人非正式会议上揭橥题为《合力应对挑衅推进中断成长》第一段:1. 很愉快同大家再次相聚,就配合关怀的国际和地区问题交换看法.亚太经合组织21个经济体失去世界40%的生齿.54%的经济总量.44%的商业量.世界存眷我们的声音,我们达成的共鸣将对世界特殊是当地区成长产生重要影响.//世界存眷我们的声音:本句不合适直译,不然会消失中式英语.It gives me great pleasure to meet you once again and exchange views with you on re gional and international issues of common interest. The twenty-one APEC economies together make up 40% of the world’s population, 54% of global economy and 44% of international trade. What we say here will attract worldwide att ention, and what we agree upon here will have a major impact on the development of the world and this region in particular.第二段:客岁,我们作出志同道合.积极应对国际金融经济危机的果断承诺.一年来,国际社会的调和尽力初见成效.世界经济消失企稳回升的积极迹象,亚太地区经济苏醒好于预期,有望成为世界经济周全苏醒的重要推进力气.//调和尽力初见成效:这里比较难译的是“初”,可以译为“开端”have paid off over th e last year.企稳回升:有些中国的词语本身须要解释.企稳就是稳固,在听译时不要受到干扰. Last year, we made the firm commitment in Lima to unite as one and take active meas ures in response to the international financial and economic crisis. The coordinated eff orts of the international community have paid off over the last year. The world econo my has shown positive signs of stabilization and rebound. With an economic recovery better than expected, the Asia-Pacific region is likely to become a major driving force in the full recovery of the wor ld economy.第三段全球性挑衅须要全球配合应对.一段时间以来,世界多国引导人越来越经常地集合在一路,商量解决全球性问题渠道.这解释,国际社会已经熟悉到,跟着经济全球化深刻成长,合作共赢是我们的必定选择.亚太各经济体具有丰硕多样性和高度互补性,在合作应对挑衅方面积聚了珍贵经验,为亚太经合组织合作奠基了优越基本.//必定选择:轻易消失中式英语,转为“独一选择”当场道得多.丰硕多样性和高度互补性:diverse and highly complementary to one another奠基了优越基本:可以直译为“lay a solid foundation.”Global challenges require global responses. Recently, leaders from many countries ha ve gathered together more frequently to discuss ways to address global issues. This sh ows that the international community has come to recognize that with deepening econ omic globalization, working together for win-win outcomes is the only option we have. Economies in the Asia-Pacific region, which are diverse and highly complementary to one another, have gain ed valuable experience in working together to meet challenges. This has put APEC co operation on a solid footing.第四段:中国作为亚太大家庭的一员,一贯积极介入亚太经合组织各范畴合作.我们经由过程介入亚太经合组织合作促进了自身成长,也为当地区甚至世界经济成长作出了重要进献.感谢列位.China, as a member of the Asia-Pacific community, actively participates in APEC cooperation in various fields. We h ave, through our involvement in APEC cooperation, promoted our own development, and also made important contribution to economic development in the region and the world at large. Thank you.。
中国移动笔试题真题及答案_

中国移动笔试题真题及答案_一:填空1:中国移动三大品牌是哪个全球通,动感地带,神州行,其口号分别为未来在我手中,我的地盘听我的,轻松由我,神州行!b5E2RGbCAP 2:中国六大运营商分别为中国移动,中国联通,网通,电信,铁通,卫通,3:白日依山尽,黄河入海流,欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。
此诗为著名诗人王之涣所著。
4:用加减乘除使得给出的4个数字得出以下答案:24。
p1EanqFDPw(一)5,6,7,8;(8-6)某(5+7)(二)3,3,8,8(PS:数字应该是可以打乱的吧)5:(这道题目忘了==//)D某DiTa9E3d 二:问答1:用十种方法向和尚推销梳子,请自圆其说2:有两个桶,一个三斤,一个五斤,水无限,如何得出精确的四斤水4:夜晚过一桥,甲过需要一分钟,乙两分钟,丙五分钟,丁十9}/m)分钟。
桥一次最多只能承受两人,过桥必须使用手电筒,现在只有一只手电筒。
请问4人3如何在17分钟内全部过桥5:如何用一句最经典的话来批评犯错的美丽女性5PCzVD7H某A6:顾客永远是对的嘛?三:读后感这道题目有点想语文考试的读后感,出一大段的材料,然后要你选择啊,填空啊,因为太长了且没有意思,我就不写了四:论述题你为什么想进入本公司,你有何优缺点?(可以用汉或英语,只能选其中一种)基本上的题目就是这些了,考试时间是80分钟。
(1)7-5=26/2=33某8=24(2)3-(8/3)=1/38/(1/3)=8某3=24懂了么,寒楼主算出来的答案苹果的题:从写明混装的筐内拿出一个苹果看颜色就OK假如看到是红色,那注明了混装的就是红色,注明绿色的实际上是混装,注明红色的实际是绿色,假如看到是绿色,那注明了混装的就是绿色,注明红色的实际上是混装,注明绿色的实际是红色过桥:甲和乙先过,然后乙把手电带回,花去时间2+2=4分钟然后丙和丁过去,由甲把手电带回,花去时间10+1=11分钟最后甲和乙过桥,花去时间2分钟总共花去时间4+11+2=17分钟全球通/动感地带/神州行,我能/我的地盘我做主/我说行3:如何用一句最经典的话来批评犯错的美丽女性二内容(一)思维能力测试1.计算(1)多位整数的加减法。
2017年11月 CATTI三口真题回忆最全版

感谢参与联盟考前活动的热心盟友进行真题回忆,特别鸣谢Camellia,竹之夭夭,Hannah,张ck,Holden,Vagabond等,本文由Andersen整理。
原创资源,未经同意,禁止转载,否则公开谴责,追究法律责任。
更多翻译学习资源,WX公号搜索“翻译爱好者联盟”Part 1 Dialogue InterpretingEN: 梅先生,很高兴您能接受我的采访。
我看了您的演出,不得不说精妙又富有冲击力。
我想问您此次来美演出的契机是什么?CN:我很高兴你能够欣赏我们的演出。
今年是很特别的一年,因为有很多事情都聚在了一起。
今年是我的父亲梅兰芳先生诞辰120周年,距他1930年来美演出已有84年,而今年我本人也有80岁了。
同时,今年也是中美建交35周年。
在这样的环境下,你不觉得此次演出很有意义吗?EN: 我知道,京剧是中国传统艺术的巅峰,被称为国剧。
您的父亲梅兰芳先生是京剧艺术界的翘楚,更创造了独具魅力的京剧流派“梅派”。
对您来说,您觉得您对京剧艺术的发展承担着怎样的责任?CN:梅派是中国京剧艺术的一个分支。
梅派京剧在海内外许多人的共同努力以及中国政府文化部的支持和帮助下,得到了很大的发展。
我本人是梅派的二代传人,希望将京剧艺术传承下去,发扬光大。
今天在台上演出的大部分是梅派的第三代弟子。
EN: 令尊1930年的访美演出是中美外交史上的一次成功,也为世界带来了和平。
这对于今天的意义是什么?CN: 我父亲是第一位将京剧带出国门的人,他不仅是一位风格独特的艺术家,也是一位和平爱好者。
我得此次赴美巡演,一为了加强东西方文化交流,二是为了向美国观众分享我父亲对于和平的热爱和渴望。
Part 2 English to Chinese Interpreting(马拉拉演讲,联盟考前突击班压中本题)Dear friends, on 9 October 2012, the Taliban shot me on the left side of my forehead. They thought that the bullets would silence us, but they failed. The terrorists thought they would change my aims and stop my ambitions. But nothing changed in my life I am the same Malala.My ambitions are the same. Dear sisters and brothers, I am not against anyone. Neither am I here to speak in terms of personal revenge against the Taliban or any other terrorist group.Dear sisters and brothers, I am not against anyone, we realised the importance of pens and books when we saw the guns. The wise saying, “The pen is mightier than the sword.” It is true. The e xtremists are afraid of books and pens. The power of education frightens them. They are afraid of women. The power of the voice of women frightens them They are afraid of the equality that we will bring to our society.Today, I am focusing on women’s rights and girls’ education because they are suffering the most. There was a time when women activists asked men to stand up for their rights. I am focusing on women to be independent and fight for themselves. So today, we call upon the world’s leaders to ch ange their strategic policies in favour of peace and prosperity. We call upon the world leaders that all of these deals must protect women and children’s rights.Part 3 Chinese to English Interpreting按照联合国标准,当一个国家60岁以上人口超过10%就表示该国已进入老龄社会。
结构化面试真题(最全版)

结构化面试题目精选2008年05月21日10:30 来源:中人网一、简单寒暄1、□您怎么过来的?交通还方便吧!2、□从(待定)到杭州要多长时间?路途辛苦吗?3、□以前来过杭州吗?对这里的印象如何,跟你所在的城市有何不同的感受?4、□这几天的(或这边的)天气较( 待定 ),您还能适应吧!5、□您来自来哪里?(简单与面试者聊聊他出身地的特点)二、观或听:1、衣着整齐度2、精神面貌3、行、坐、立动作4、口头禅、礼貌用语等三、口头表达能力(注意语言逻辑性、用语修辞度、口头禅、语言波幅等)1、口请您先用3-5分钟左右的时间介绍一下自己吧!2、口您先说说您最近服务的这家公司(由简历而定)的基本情况吧(规模、产品、市场)!3、口您在目前工作岗位中主要有哪些工作内容?主要的顾客有哪些?4、口请您简要介绍一下自己的求学经历。
5、口请您简要介绍一下自己的成长历程。
四、灵活应变能力(也涉及工作态度)1、口您为何要离开目前服务的这家公司?(答案可能是待遇或成长空间或人际氛围或其它,待回答完毕后继续发问)-----您跟您的主管或直接上司有没有针对以上问题沟通过?(如果没有,问其原因;如果有,问其过程和结果)2、口除了简历上的工作经历,您还会去关注哪些领域(或有没有其它潜在的兴趣或是否想过去尝试、从事的其它职业)?-----(若有,继续发问)您觉得这跟您目前要从事的职业有哪些利、弊关系?-----(若无,继续发问)您不觉得您的知识结构有些狭窄或兴趣较贫乏,说说未来的改善计划?3、口您在选择工作中更看重的是什么?(可能是成长空间、培训机会、发挥平台、薪酬等答案)(若薪酬不排在第一,问)-------您可不可以说说你在薪酬方面的心理预期?(待回答完毕后)那您刚才的意思也可以这样理解:薪酬方面可以适当低于您的心理预期,对吗?(若薪酬显得不太让步,可问) 有人说挣未来比挣钱更为重要,您怎样理解?(若薪酬排在第一,问)--------有人说挣未来比挣钱更为重要,您怎样理解?4、口您觉得您在以前类似于我司提供的这个岗位上的工作经历中有哪些方面做得不足?(若答有,问)------您打算在以后的工作中采取哪些改善措施?(待回答完毕后,继续发问)您再想想如果到我们公司来任职还有没有补充改善措施?(若答无,问)------您好像不太连续去追求卓越,您认为您能胜任我们提供给您的这份工作吗?5、口您认为《致加西亚的信》中的罗文和推荐罗文的加西加将军哪一个对企业更为重要?------(若答罗文,问)您不认为现在的企业面临着“千里马常有,而伯乐不常有的状态吗”?------(若答加西亚,问其理由)-------(若答两者兼有,问其理由)五、兴趣爱好(知识广博度)1、口您工作之余有哪些兴趣爱好?兴趣中有没有比较拿手的?2、口您在大学所设的专业课中最感兴趣的是哪一门?(待回答完毕,问)谈谈您对所在兴趣的相关看法。
专题09人口分布与人口问题

专题09人口分布与人口问题【高考真题1】40.(2019年北京卷·节选)古往今来,社会关怀是一个重大议题。
2018年德国65岁及以上人口占总人口数量的20.6%。
图20示意德国各州65岁及以上人口密度分布。
据图,回答第(2)题。
(2)描述德国老龄人口密度的分布特征,列举人口老龄化对该国可能带来的影响。
(10分)【答案】特征:分布不均,西部密度大,东部密度小,东北部差异显著。
影响:劳动力数量减少,养老压力加大等。
【解析】结合右侧图例,从图中看,德国老龄人口密度分布不均匀,西部密度较大,东部密度较小,差异显著。
人口老龄化表明德国人口增长过慢,老年人比重过大,造成德国劳动力数量减少,国防兵源不足,养老压力加大,老年人孤独等一系列社会经济问题。
【知识框架】【知识要点拓展】★一、人口的增长1、人口自然增长(1)人口自然增长的决定因素:一个地区人口的自然增长,是由出生率和死亡率共同决定的。
(2)人口自然增长的时间差异10万年以来的人口增长(3)人口自然增长的空间差异①特点:世界人口的增长在地区上是不平衡的。
②表现发达国家 发展中国家 自然增长率保持在较低水平 较高 原因经济发达,生产力水平高,科技发达,生活条件好;有良好的社会保障和福利制度;人们的受教育水平高 经济落后,生活质量较差,现代化水平低,需要劳动力多;社会保障和福利制度不完善;受“养儿防老”的传统观念影响 人口增长 特点 增长缓慢 增长很快 原因 受经济发展水平、社会保障制度和人们的生育观念等因素影响 政治上的独立;民族经济的发展;医疗卫生事业的进步(4)人口自然增长率与人口数量变化的关系①人口自然增长率大于0时,人口数量增加;人口自然增长率等于0时,人口数量不变;人口自然增长率小于0时,人口数量减少。
②一个地区的人口自然增长率由正值变为0时,该地区人口数量最多(如图中A 点);人口自然增长率由负值变为0时,该地区人口数量最少(如图中B 点)。
2013年9月上海市中级口译第二阶段口试真题试卷(精选)(题后含答案及解析)

2013年9月上海市中级口译第二阶段口试真题试卷(精选)(题后含答案及解析)题型有: 2. 口译题口译题Part A Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal.., and stop it at the signal...You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. Now let us begin Part A with the first passage.听力原文:What is human dignity? To have a sense of dignity, I think one should at least have the means to afford daily necessities and not suffer from feelings of inferiority due to poverty. I often feel grateful to this country for the self-esteem I enjoy as a woman. There is no sex discrimination here and people get equal pay for equal work. The principle of “to each according to his work”is a practice here. Jobs are available if one is prepared to work hard. A woman who is economically independent is also psychologically independent—there is no need for her to rely on any man for that matter. Equality of men and women is not a slogan. There are many ways to upgrade one’s skills. By acquiring expertise in the latest technology and knowledge, I can compete with men on brain power rather than physical power.1.Passage 1正确答案:什么是人的尊严?我认为,从容面对生活必需品,不必因贫困而自惭形秽,才会有尊严。
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名词解释:1.发育沟:developmental groove2.髓角:pulp horn3.覆牙合:overbite4.覆盖:overjet5.根管侧支:lateral canal6.瞬间轴心:7.腮腺鞘:parotid capsule8.腮腺床:9.面神经膝:(geniculate ganglion)。
10.翼下颌韧带:pterygomandibular ligament11.腭腱膜:12.翼下颌皱襞:13.颊筋膜:14.颧突支柱:zygomatic buttress15.下颌的边缘运动:border movementenvelop of motion16.咀嚼效率;masticatory efficiency17.痛觉;18.Frey综合征:Frey’s Syndrome19.盘-颌关节:20.牙列长度:21.spee曲线:curve of spee:22.横牙合曲线;Curve of Wilson23.补偿曲线:24.水平肌链:25.垂直肌链:vertical chain26.姿态肌连:postural chain27.bennett角/bennett angle:28.Fischer角:29.Frank plane:眶耳平面,30.Balkwill角,31.鼻唇角:nasolabial angle32.危险三角:33.颈二腹肌淋巴结;jugulo-digastric lymph nodes34.咬肌间隙:masseteric space35.味觉适应:taste adaptio36.长正中:long centric37.咀嚼力:masticatory force38.牙力轨道(肌力轨道):39.牙合力:biting force or bite force 40.肌电图:electromyogram(EMG)1.(口解P27)发育沟:developmental groove即发育沟,发育沟是指在牙生长发育时,两生长叶相融合所形成的明浅沟。
2.(口解P56)髓角:pulp horn即髓角,为髓室伸向牙尖突出成角形的部分,其形状、位置与牙尖外形相似。
髓角距牙合面的距离因年龄而异,乳牙与刚萌出不久的恒牙髓室大,髓角至牙合面的距离近;老年人髓腔内径变小,髓角变低,髓角至牙合面的距离变大。
3.(口解P80)覆牙合:覆牙合是指牙间交错牙合时上颌牙盖过下颌牙唇颊面的垂直距离,对于前牙它是指上切牙切缘与下切牙切缘之间的垂直距离,正常时约为2~4mm;对于后牙,它是指上后牙颊尖顶与下后牙颊尖顶之间的垂直距离。
4.(口解P80)覆盖:overjet即覆盖,指牙尖交错牙合时,上颌牙盖过下颌牙的水平距离。
对于前牙,它是指上切牙切缘与下切牙切缘之间前后向的水平距离,正常约为2~4mm;对于后牙,它是指上后牙颊尖盖至下后牙颊尖的颊侧,两颊尖顶之间的水平距离。
5.(口解P60)根管侧支:lateral canal即根管侧支,又称侧支根管,为发自根管的细小分支,常与根管呈接近垂直角度,贯穿牙本质和牙骨质,通向牙周膜腔。
根尖1/3的根管侧支多于根中1/3,出现在根颈1/3者最少。
6.(口解)瞬间轴心:在某一具体下颌运动中,轴心不是固定的,而是随着变换着的下颌运动而变化其轴心,称之为瞬间轴心。
7.(口解P201)腮腺鞘:parotid capsule即腮腺鞘,是颈深筋膜浅层的延续,由深、浅两层筋膜包饶腮腺而形成。
浅层筋膜向上附着于颧弓,向下至下颌角,向前与咬肌筋膜相连,向后附着于乳突并与胸锁乳突肌筋膜相延续。
8.(口解P223)腮腺床:腮腺床指腮腺深叶的深面与茎突诸肌及围以蜂窝组织的深部血管神经(主要包括颈内动、静脉和第Ⅸ~Ⅻ对脑神经)相毗邻,腮腺犹如侧卧上,故将上述结构称为“腮腺床”。
其中,茎突诸肌及颈内静脉紧邻腮腺深叶的深面,更深层则为颈内动脉和第Ⅸ~Ⅻ对脑神经。
因此,在面部手术时,当腮腺肿瘤深入到“腮腺床”附近并与之有粘连时,或颈淋巴组织整块切除涉及“腮腺床”时,应特别谨慎,避免损伤“腮腺床”的重要血管、神经。
9.(口解P153)面神经膝:面神经于脑桥延髓沟的外侧部出脑后入内耳门,穿内耳道底入颞骨岩部的面神经管,在面神经管内先向前外,继呈直角转向后外,在转折处膨大形成面神经膝(外膝),此处前缘面神经干上有感觉性的膝神经节(geniculate ganglion)。
10.(口解P257)翼下颌韧带:pterygomandibular ligament即翼下颌韧带。
颊咽筋膜在颊肌和咽肌间增厚,形成翼下颌初带,亦称颊咽肌缝,张于翼钩与下颌骨内斜线后端之间,该韧带也是翼内肌前缘的标志。
11.(口解P265)腭腱膜:腭腱膜位于软腭的前1/3,构成软腭的支架,镶嵌附丽于硬腭后缘,它主要由腭帆张肌的腱膜组成,其他腭肌也附丽其上。
腭腱膜近硬腭部分非常坚厚,向后则变薄弱,软腭为之所衬托的部分呈水平状。
12.(口解P258)翼下颌皱襞:翼下颌皱襞是由翼下颌韧带衬托的、延伸于上颌结节后内方与磨牙后垫后方之间的黏膜皱襞,是下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉的参考标志,也是翼下颌间隙及咽旁间隙口内切口的有关标志。
13.(口解P257)颊筋膜:颊筋膜位于皮下组织的深面,该筋膜覆盖于颊肌表面,向后被覆于咽肌表面者称咽筋膜。
颊咽筋膜在上述两肌间增厚形成翼下颌韧带。
14.(口解P98)颧突支柱:zygomatic buttress即颧突支柱,颧突支柱主要承受第一磨牙区的咀嚼压力,起于上颌第一磨牙区的牙槽突,沿颧牙槽嵴上行达颧骨后分为二支,一支沿颧骨额突经眶外缘,在眶上缘外侧端至额骨,另一支向外后经颧弓至颅底。
15.(口解P302)下颌的边缘运动:border movement,envelop of motion 即边缘运动,为下颌向各个方向所能做的最大范围的运动,代表了下颌、颞下颌关节及其韧带和咀嚼肌的功能潜力。
日常生活中的咀嚼、言语等功能性运动,均包含在边缘运动轨迹的范围内。
通常以下颌运动中切点的运动轨迹进行描述。
16.(口解P316)咀嚼效率;masticatory efficiency即咀嚼效率,指机体在一定时间内,对定量食物咀细的程度。
咀嚼效率是咀嚼作用的实际效果,也是衡量咀嚼能力大小的一个重要生理指标。
17.(口解P336)痛觉;疼痛是由于事实上或潜在的组织损伤所引起的不愉快感觉和情绪体验,疼痛是许多疾病的一种共同症状,是生命中不可缺少的一种特殊保护功能。
18.(口解P203)Frey综合征:Frey’s Syndrome即味觉出汗综合征,当咀嚼食物或刺激唾液分泌时,腮腺区的皮肤潮红伴有出汗现象。
发生这种现象的原因可能是:手术切断的耳颞神经中的副交感分泌神经支与支配皮肤汗腺、表浅血管的交感神经支错位愈合所致。
19.(口解)盘-颌关节:是颞下颌环节组成部分,主要是由关节盘的下面与髁状突构成,关节腔小而紧,仅允许髁状突在关节盘下作转动运动,又称铰链关节。
20.(口解)牙列长度:左右侧中切牙唇侧最突点连线与牙列左右侧最后一颗牙远中最突点连线之间的垂直距离。
21.(口解)curve of spee:spee曲线:Spee curve即下颌牙列的纵牙合曲线,又叫司匹曲线,为连接下颌切牙的切缘、尖牙的牙尖、前磨牙的颊尖以及磨牙的近、远中颊尖的连线,该连线从前向后是一条凹向上的曲线;该曲线的切牙段较平直,从尖牙向后经前磨牙至第一磨牙的远颊尖逐渐降低,然后第二、第三磨牙的颊尖又逐渐升高。
22.(口解)横牙合曲线;Curve of Wilson即横牙合曲线,又叫Wilson曲线(transverse curve of occlusion)。
从正面观:①上颌磨牙向颊侧倾斜,舌尖的位置低于颊尖,连接双侧同名磨牙颊、舌尖,形成一条凸向下的曲线,即上颌的横牙合曲线;②下颌磨牙长轴向舌侧倾斜,下颌磨牙舌尖位置低于颊尖,连接下颌双侧同名牙颊、舌尖所形成的凹向下曲线,称为下颌的横牙合曲线;③当下颌磨牙颊尖被磨耗后,下颌的横牙合曲线常常不再表现凹向下,而呈凸向上的曲线;④上下颌的横牙合曲线相一致、彼此吻合,可促使两侧及前后牙齿在咀嚼运动过程中保持接触平衡,分散传导咀嚼力,保护牙周组织健康。
23.(口解P78)补偿曲线:为上颌牙列的从牙合曲线,为连接上颌切牙的切缘、尖牙的牙尖、前磨牙的颊尖、磨牙的近远中颊尖的连线。
该线从前向后是一条凸向下的曲线。
由切牙指第一磨牙颊尖段较平直,从第一磨牙的近颊尖至最后磨牙的远颊尖段则逐渐向上弯曲,此弯曲段曲线亦称为补偿曲线24.(口解P141)水平肌链:horizontal chain:由一组水平向排列的肌呈环状连接所构成。
该肌链的前段为口轮匝肌,两侧相续为颊肌、咽上缩肌封闭后内方。
其构成和功能特点可充当口周括约肌,它与舌肌组成一对相互对抗而又平衡的肌组,影响着整个牙弓和牙合的形成。
25.(口解P140)垂直肌链:vertical chain即垂直肌链,由一组垂直向排列的肌从上向下几乎呈纵行连接所构成。
此链的上半部分由腭帆张肌、腭帆提肌及腭垂肌组成,下半部分由腭咽肌和腭舌肌构成。
垂直肌链的上半部分肌肉收缩可上提软腭,下半部分收缩则下降软腭。
软腭的这种功能活动类似存在于咽腔中的一个活瓣,行使发音和吞咽功能。
26.(口解P141)姿态肌连:postural chain即姿态肌链,由连接头颈部的多组肌群构成。
该肌链起于颈后部斜方肌等,通过帽状腱膜向上与枕额肌相连并绕过头顶,向头部两侧连接颞肌、咬肌,向前下藉下颌骨、舌骨与舌骨上、下肌群相连。
该肌链与位于颈外侧部的胸锁乳突肌等共同支持头的垂直位置。
整个肌链组成中,下颌骨、舌体为游离的骨骼结构,随着两端相连的肌肉张力的变化,它们的空间位置也可发生改变和移动,故被视为弹性部分。
由此可见,下颌骨、舌骨的位置是这个肌链中诸肌群相互作用的结果。
27.(口解).bennett角/bennett angle:由于下颌侧向咬合运动为一种非对称的运动,两侧髁突运动方式及运动方向并不一致,工作侧髁突以转动为主,向外侧运动幅度约3mm,而非工作侧髁突向前、内、下滑行,其运动轨迹与矢状面形成夹角,称为Bennett角。
28.(口解P308)Fischer角:前伸运动的起始点和终止点的连线与眶耳平面之间的角度称为前伸髁道斜度;侧向咬合运动时:非工作侧髁道位于前伸髁道的内侧,矢状方向上其向前下方倾斜的角度较前伸运动时大,从矢状面看非工作侧髁道在前伸髁道的下方。
非工作侧髁道与前伸髁道的夹角在矢状面的投影。
29.(口解P286)Frank plane:Frankfort plane即眶耳平面,是指连接双侧眶下缘最低点和外耳道上缘的一个假想平面,当人端坐,头保持直立位置时,该平面与地平面平行;此平面常被作为描述上、下牙列、下颌骨以及咬合关系相对于上颌乃至颅面其他结构的位置情况和运动关系的基本参考平面,在放射投照检查中具有重要的定位参考意义,是临床最常用的参考指标之一。