新版深圳广州沈阳牛津版八年级英语上unit5知识点语法练习

新版深圳广州沈阳牛津版八年级英语上unit5 educational exchanges知识点语法练习

重点单词和短语1. accept v.接受；承认（反义词refuse）2. educational adj. 教育（n. education）3. exchange n. & v.交换；交流 4. host n.主人（反义词guest）5. own adj. 自己的v.拥有( n. owner) 6. simple = easy adj.简单的（反义词difficult）7. culture n.文化(adj. cultural)8. confident adj.自信的(n. confidence) 9. deep adj.深的(adv. deeply) 10. improve v.改善，改进( n. improvement)

短语 1. take a visit / trip to … 去某处参观（旅行）2. be able to do 能够做3. give a talk about/ on sth. to sb. 向某人做关于某事的报告 4. throughout the world= all over the world 全世界5. live/ stay with 与…生活在一起6. go on sightseeing (tours) 去观光7. make friends with 与…交朋友8. as well as 还；也；不及9. since then 从那时起；打那以后10. keep/get in touch with 与…保持联系11. in case 万一12.in order that 为了…… 13. be confident of …..对…..感到有信心14. look forward to doing…盼望做某事15.apply for 申请16.go on a sightseeing tour 进行观光旅游17. be deeply moved 被深深地打动18. win a scholarship 赢得奖学金19. improve the situation 改善情况

语法--现在完成时

如果你想说“我已经看过某部电影，所以不想看了”、“某人曾经做过什么事情”等等，该如果表达呢？首先请看下面的句子：（1）I have seen the film. I don’t want to see it again.这部电影我已经看过，不想再看了。

（2）Have you answered all the questions? 所有的问题你都回答了吗

（3）Have you ever looked at a travel brochure?你看过旅游宣传册吗？

（4）She has never visited the USA.她从没有过去美国。

观察：以上句子的谓语动词的一个共同特点是_____________________________, 用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响。我们把这种时态称为“现在完成时”。

一、现在完成时的概念。

①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果She has been ill for three days. （她病了三天了。）

②表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

We've known each other since we were children. （我们从小就认识。I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.

二、构成：”助动词have, has + 过去分词”

随堂练习.把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。

1. I have done my homework.否定句：_______________________________________

一般疑问句：___________________________________回答：_________________________________________

2. The plane has arrived.一般疑问句：___________________回答：_________________________________________

三、动词的过去分词构成规则

（1）规则变化大部分动词在词尾直接加-edclean cleaned help helped

以不发音的e结尾的，直接加-d like liked live lived

以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加ed try tried study studied

重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的，需要双写最后这个辅音字母再加-ed.plan planned stop stopped

不规则变化see seen find found

需根据不规则变化表进行专门记忆随堂练习写出下列单词的过去分词形式

work finish arrive change see have marry

visit miss prefer do hear live clean study meet

be climb plan take keep buy spend learn forget bring

现在完成时用法归纳

1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成，对现在造成的影响和结果。(此种用法谓语动词用结束性动词)

如：The plane has arrived.常用的时间状语和副词：already ,yet , ever , never

①already 已经；yet 尚未，仍未，还；强调前不久完成的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用非延续性动词。already 用于肯定句中，yet 用于否定句和疑问句的句末。

例如：I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成我的家庭作业了。He hasn’t come yet.他还没有回来。

Has she finished cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗？

练：I have already done my homework. (变为否定句)______________________________________________

②ever (曾经)，句中；never (从不) ，表示否定，强调到目前为止的生活经历。谓语动词用延续性动词。

例如：Have you ever climb that mountain? 你曾经爬过那座山吗？

Have you ever been to Shanghai?你曾经去过上海吗？I have never late for school.我从来没有迟到过。

③already ever与never应位于助动词have/has 之后，主要动词之前。

拓展：before (以前)，句尾，独立用I haven’t met him before. 我以前从来没有见过他。

just (刚刚)，用于肯定句中，常用在助动词和过去分词之间。如：I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。

跟踪训练（）1. Have you ______ heard of Disneyland?A. always B. ever C. never D. sometimes

（）2. I have ______ finished my homework. So I can have a rest now.A. ever B. already C. never D. yet （）3. She is a good student, she has _______ been late for school.A. ever B. already C. never D. yet （）4. I am very hungry , I haven’t had my breakfast________.A. ever B. already C. never D. yet

2. 完成时可用于表示某时间段里完成的动作，常与today, these days, recently等时间状语连用。如：

Have you seen her these days? Have you been to the library today?

3.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，可能延续到将来的动作和状态。

常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。如：

a.for + 一段时间：for two hours

b.since + 时间点：since 1999, since last year

c.since + 一段时间+ ago: since two days ago

d.since + 从句（用过去时）

e.up to now, till now, until now, so far

f..in the past two years, in the last few days

g.recently, lately

如：Miss Zhao has taught math for five years. His mother has worked in the shop since 1990.

[注]：其中在a,b,c,d 这四种结构中，谓语动词必须为延续性动词。

如：I have had this book for one and a half years. (这本书我已买了一年半了！)

跟踪训练用since 或者for 填空1. I have studied English _______ 5 years.2. I have studied English _______ 5 years ago.

3. I have studied English _______ 2008.

4. She has taught math _________ 3 years.

5. She has taught math _________ 3 years ago.

6. She has taught math _________ 2010.

4. 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用。

英语中的短暂性动词，也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词，只表示一时的动作，在肯定句式中不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come, leave, find, buy, arrive, give, stop, join, marry, die, begin, start, borrow, close, open, lend等。eg. I have bought this book for three months. (×)

非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法：

（1）将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。

leave- have (has) been away from close- be closed join- have (has) been (in) begin/start- be on buy- have (has) had go- be there die- have (has) dead finish- be over

come (arrive)- have (has) been here borrow- have (has) kept begin to work- have (has) worked

open- have (has) been open get up- have (has) been up put on – have (has) on

come back- have (has) been back gone (left)- been away joined – been got to know – known

（2）时间状语的变化：把表时间的状语“for…”变为“数词+ 时间名词+ago”的短语形式。（即：将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时）如：他参军五年了。（判断正误）

He has joined the Army for five years. He has been in the Army for five years. He joined the Army five years ago.

他离开济南三年了。

He has left Ji’nan for three years. ( )He has been away from Ji’nan for three years.He left Ji’nan three years ago. (3) 句子模式的变化。用句型“It is + 一段时间+ since从句”（从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式表示）如：The old man died two years ago.= The old man has been dead for two years.= It is two years since the old man died.

跟踪训练句型转换。

1. I have borrowed a new book from the school library. I ______ _____ a new book from the school library for two days.

2. She has gone there. She _________ ________ there _________ yesterday.

3. The film has begun. The film __________ ___________ ___________ __________ five minutes.

4. The boy has come back.The boy _________ ___________ _________ for an hour.

5. The man in a hat has left.The man in a hat _________ _________ __________ _________ half an hour ago.

6. He has already died.He ____________ ____________ ____________ for twenty years.

7. The young man has joined the League.The young man ________ ________ __________ member _______ two years. The young man _____ ________ _______ _______ League ______ two years ago.

5. have been to/ have gone to/ have been in 三种结构的区别

（1）have been to 去过某地(现已离开)，可以与ever, never, once, twice等连用。

（2）has gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的路上或已在某地，总之现在还未回来。此句型一般用于第三人称。

（3）have been in 表示已在某地呆了多久，若该地为小地方则用at。翻译：

你以前去过北京吗？___________________________ 吉姆已经去了伦敦。___________________________

格林一家在中国已经两年了。_____________________

单项选择

( )1. I have ________ Beijing three times.A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at

( )2.---Where is Mike? He has _______ London .A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at ( )3. Tony has never _____China. He looks forward to coming to China A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at ( )4.Lucy has ________ China for 5 years.A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at

( )5.The teacher has ________ the village to teach the poor students for 10 years.

A. been to

B. gone to

C. been in

D. been at

6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

(1) 侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。如：

Yesterday I went to the zoo. (仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关)

Li Lei has read the book. (说明李磊了解那本书的内容)

（2）连用的时间状语不同：一般过去时常与ago, yesterday, l ast…, in 2000, just now等连用。而现在完成时与already, yet, still, just, so far, in the last/ past…, before, ever, never, since…, for…等时间状语连用。

[注] 现在完成时不可与yesterday, last week, two days ago等过去时间状语连用。

综合训练一、必背词组：（中英互译）

1. keep in touch with…

2. educational visits to…

3. accept sb. as..

4. be patient

5. become confident 6．the aim of our trip 7. improve the situation 8. a valuable experience 9. win a scholarship

二、完成句子：A．用括号里词的正确形式填空：

1. We should show ________(deep) love for our motherland.

2. I plan to write an ________ (education)article this week.

3. Everyone is interested in Einstein’s _______.(think)

4. I tried hard to _________(improvement) our English study.

5. My grandma was ________ （move）by watching ZhaoBenshan’s _________ show.

6. Our English corner was _________(arrange) by our English teachers.

7.______________ (communicate) was quite difficult at first when I was in the USA.

四、.选择填空：

( )1. This TV set is too dear, __________ it gives you a better picture.A. so B. and C. for D. though

( )2. My father got up ______ he wouldn’t be late for the meeting.

A. such early that

B. early enough

C. early so that

D. early in order to

( )3. It was ______ we went fishing in the open air yesterday.

A. such a nice weather that

B. such nice weather that

C. so nice weather that

D. a nice weather so that

( )4. This question was ______ difficult ______ nobody in our class could answer it.

A. very; that

B. such; that

C. too; to

D. so; that

( )5. He runs as fast as possible______ he ______ the first bus.

A. so that; could catch

B. in order that; could miss

C. in case; misses

D. so; would

( )6. -- What a _______ movie it is ! -- Yes, and we are all moved ________.

A. moving, deeply

B. moved, deep

C. moving, deep

D. move, deep

( )7. I make _______ with many students from other country.A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. friendly ( )8. John has many foreign friends. He_____ them by email.

A. keeps in touch with

B. take action

C. pays attention to D .looks after

( )9.—How do you like the film, Tony?--It is_____ film that I have seen it several times.

A. a so interesting

B. a such interesting

C. such a interesting

D. so interesting a

( )10. There is _______ cigarette smoke in the cinema _____ I can hardly breathe.

A. so much, that

B. so many; that

C. such many, that

D. so little; that

语法部分一、单项选择。

（）1. Miss Gao isn’t here. She ____ to the bus station to meet Mr. Brown.A. go B. has goneC. has been D. would go （）2. – How clean the bedroom is!- Yes, I am sure that someone _______it.

A. cleans

B. cleaned

C. has cleaned

D. had cleaned

（）3. Drison Break is the best American TV player that I _____ these years.

A. watch

B. will watch

C. have watched

D.was watching

（）4. I’m not hungry because I ______ lunch already.A. have B. had C. am having D. have had

（）5. – How long have Mr and Mrs Smith________? - For more than twenty years.

A. married

B. had married

C. got married

D. been married

（）6. In the past few years there____ great changes in my hometown.A. have been B. were C. had been D. are

（）7. — ________ you ______ the film Harry Potter Ⅱ?—Not yet. I’ll see it this Sunday.

A. Did, see

B. Are; seeing

C. Have, seen

D. Do, see

（）8. The Smiths moved to China ten years ago and ____ here since then.A. has livedB. was living C.liveD. have lived （）9.Will you watch the World Cup match this year?No, but I ___ several World Cup matches since I was a small child.

A. had seen

B. see

C. was seeing

D. have seen

（）10. I won’t return the book to the library because I ______ reading it.

A. wasn’t finish

B. don’t finish

C. won’t finish

D. haven’t finished

（）11. – How many times _______ you ______ the Great Wall?Only once. I _______ there three years ago.

A. did, go to, have gone

B. had, gone to, went

C. have, been to, went

D. have, been to, have gone

（）12. - _______ you ______ the magazine from the school library yet?- Yes, I ______ it for two weeks.

A. Have, borrowed, have kept

B. Have, borrowed, have borrowed

C. Did, borrowed, borrowed

D.Did,borrow,have kept （）13. Premier Zhou (周总理) ______ for many years, but he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people.

A. died

B. had died

C. has been died

D. has been dead

（）14. Her mother _______ in the factory. She _____ there since it opened.

A. is working, worked

B. works, worked

C. works, has worked

D. worked, has worked

（）15. – Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you! - Hi, it’s one year since I last ______ you.A. saw B. see C. seeing D. have seen

（）16. He _____ from the factory for a week.A. has left B. has been away C. did leave D. will leave （）17. I _______ a letter from him since he left.A. haven’t left B. didn’t receive C. didn’t have D. haven’t feel （）18. – Oh, Mrs King, your coat looks nice. Is it new? - No, I ______ it for two years.

A. had

B. have had

C. bought

D. have bought

初中英语语法知识梳理-动词

初中英语语法知识梳理－动词动词是表示动作（study, find, swim 等）或状态（be, like, feel 等）的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！动词分类：动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词四类。一）助动词助动词没有任何含义，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall 等。具体用法如下： 1、助动词be的用法如下： 1）构成各种进行时态。如： It was raining all day yesterday. 昨天整天下雨。 2）构成被动语态。如： The meeting was held yesterday afternoon. 会议是昨天下午举行的。 3）与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如： They are to see an English film this evening. 他们今天晚上看英语电影。 2、助动词do的用法如下： 1）构成疑问式或否定式。如： Does he think so? I didn’t say anything about the result. 2)在动词前加上do, does, did表示强调，意为“的确，确实”。如： They do study hard. She does love him. He did want to help the old man. 3、have: 助动词have 的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如： He has lived here for three years. As soon as the sun had set they returned. 4、shall, should: 助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态；助动词should 是shall的过去式，构成过去将来时。如：I shall send ten letters to my good friend. She wanted to know if I should go to the palace. 二）情态动词情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, need, should等。表示能力表示能力一般用can, could。如：Rose can speak now, but she couldn’t a week ago. be able to 也表示能力，它和can 的区别如下：

00-2019深圳牛津版英语七年级上Unit6知识点整理及练习

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初中英语语法总结(完整)

英语时态讲解【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.

我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。）英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。