服务经济学英文课件(8)
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经济学专业英语_课件。
the sources of economic growth
• GDP(Y), amount of labor(L), amount of capital(K) • an increase in labor supply • increases in physical capital • increases in human capital • increases in productivity
increases in human capital
• Individuals • Firms • Government
increases in productivity
• Gorwth can’t be explained by increases in the quantity of inputs can be explained only by an incease in the productivity of those inputs.
increases in physical capital
• Enhance the productivity of labor • Provide valuable services directly
Capital equipment produces in one year can add to the value of a product over many years.
ecnomic growth
• ecnomic growth refers to an increase in total output. Some ecnomists define economic growth as an increase in real GDP per capita.
经济学原理(英文)ppt课件
5
Байду номын сангаас
Catherine’s Demand Schedule
6
The Demand Curve: The Relationship between Price and Quantity Demanded Demand Curve
The demand curve is a graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded.
2. ... increases quantity of cones demanded.
8
Market Demand versus Individual Demand Market demand refers to the sum of all individual demands for a particular good or
The Market Forces of Supply and demand A competitive market is a market in which there are many buyers and sellers so that
each has a negligible impact on the market price.
Cones
Cones
7
1
Quantity of Ice3-Cream
Cones
10
Changes in Quantity Demanded
Price of IceCream Cones
B $2.00
1.00
0
4
A
D 8 Quantity of Ice-Cream Cones
Байду номын сангаас
Catherine’s Demand Schedule
6
The Demand Curve: The Relationship between Price and Quantity Demanded Demand Curve
The demand curve is a graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded.
2. ... increases quantity of cones demanded.
8
Market Demand versus Individual Demand Market demand refers to the sum of all individual demands for a particular good or
The Market Forces of Supply and demand A competitive market is a market in which there are many buyers and sellers so that
each has a negligible impact on the market price.
Cones
Cones
7
1
Quantity of Ice3-Cream
Cones
10
Changes in Quantity Demanded
Price of IceCream Cones
B $2.00
1.00
0
4
A
D 8 Quantity of Ice-Cream Cones
巴德 宏观经济学原理(英文版第8版) 学生课件Chapter 8 PowerPoint
Copyright © 2018, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
MACROECONOMIC APPROACHES AND PATHWAYS
Keynesian Macroeconomics
According to Keynesian macroeconomics, the market economy is inherently unstable and it requires active government intervention to achieve full employment and sustained economic growth. John Maynard Keynes, in his book “The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money,” began this school of thought. Keynes’ theory was that too little consumer spending and investment led to the Great Depression.
Copyright © 2018, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
MACROECONOMIC APPROACHES AND PATHWAYS
MACROECONOMIC APPROACHES AND PATHWAYS
Classical macroeconomics fell into disrepute during the 1930s, which was a decade of high unemployment and stagnant production throughout the world. Great Depression is a decade (the 1930s) of high unemployment and stagnant production throughout the world economy. Classical macroeconomics predicted that the Great Depression would end but gave no method for ending it more quickly.
MACROECONOMIC APPROACHES AND PATHWAYS
Keynesian Macroeconomics
According to Keynesian macroeconomics, the market economy is inherently unstable and it requires active government intervention to achieve full employment and sustained economic growth. John Maynard Keynes, in his book “The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money,” began this school of thought. Keynes’ theory was that too little consumer spending and investment led to the Great Depression.
Copyright © 2018, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
MACROECONOMIC APPROACHES AND PATHWAYS
MACROECONOMIC APPROACHES AND PATHWAYS
Classical macroeconomics fell into disrepute during the 1930s, which was a decade of high unemployment and stagnant production throughout the world. Great Depression is a decade (the 1930s) of high unemployment and stagnant production throughout the world economy. Classical macroeconomics predicted that the Great Depression would end but gave no method for ending it more quickly.
中职教育-国际金融英语课件： Unit 8 Financial System.ppt
Unit 8 Financial System
Definition of Global Financial System
"..[I]nterplay of financial companies, regulators and institutions operating on a supranational level. The global financial system can be divided into regulated entities (iபைடு நூலகம்ternational banks and insurance companies), regulators, supervisors and institutions like the European Central Bank or the International Monetary Fund. The system also includes the lightly regulated or non-regulated bodies this is known as the 'shadow banking system'. Mainly, this covers hedge funds, private equity and bank sponsored entities such as offbalance-sheet vehicles that banks use to invest in the financial markets.” ——Financial Times
Banking System
Institutions
Federal Reserve (the Fed)
In its role as the central bank of the United States, the Fed serves as a bankers' bank and as the government's bank.
Definition of Global Financial System
"..[I]nterplay of financial companies, regulators and institutions operating on a supranational level. The global financial system can be divided into regulated entities (iபைடு நூலகம்ternational banks and insurance companies), regulators, supervisors and institutions like the European Central Bank or the International Monetary Fund. The system also includes the lightly regulated or non-regulated bodies this is known as the 'shadow banking system'. Mainly, this covers hedge funds, private equity and bank sponsored entities such as offbalance-sheet vehicles that banks use to invest in the financial markets.” ——Financial Times
Banking System
Institutions
Federal Reserve (the Fed)
In its role as the central bank of the United States, the Fed serves as a bankers' bank and as the government's bank.
Unit8_Chartering Business 租船业务中英文PPT课件
一、租船业务的介绍 1、租船的定义 Chartering is the business of providing employment for a vessel
and arranging suitable sea transport for a variety of commodities.
租船是提供使用船舶和为各类货物安排适宜海上运输的业务。
答案：AD
)
分析：航次租船合同中都规定可用于在港装卸 货物的时间，装卸时间的计算方法，滞期和速遣以 及滞留损失、运费的支付固定。定期、光船租船和 航次租船都是船舶承租人负责营运，所以没有此类 条款。
retain: 保持，保留
operational: 操作的，运作的
control: 支配，控制
be responsible for: 对…负责，承担…责任
5． Port of loading and discharge 装货港和卸货港的规定
6． Time for loading and discharge 装货和卸货的时间 7． Payment of freight 运费的支付 8． Demurrage 滞期费的规定 （demurrage [dɪ'mʌrɪdʒ]:滞期费） 9． Dispatch and other relevant matters. 速遣费和其他相关事宜 的规定 （dispatch:速遣费 matter: 事件，问题）
2）A voyage charter party mainly contains the ( clauses. A. payment of freight B. delivery and redelivery C. payment of hire D. time for loading and discharging
服务经济学英文课件 (15)
Critical performance variables
Lack of
Open organizational Strategic
opportunity or fear dialogue to
Uncertainties
of risk taking
encourage learning
4-8
Contact Personnel
1. Unavailable service 2. Slow performance 3. Unacceptable service
Use scripts to train for proper response
4-10
Examples of Unethical Behaviors
Misrepresenting the Nature of the Service
4-6
Definitions of Culture
• Schwartz and Davis (1981) - Culture is a pattern of beliefs and expectations shared by the organization’s members.
• Mintzberg (1989) - Culture is the traditions and beliefs of an organization that distinguish it from others.
Customer Manipulation General Honesty and Integrity
• Promising a nonsmoking room when none is available
• Using bait-and-switch tactics
【PPT】服务的经济学定义(精)
2
Linking
附录： 服务的管理学定义2
科特勒等（Kotler&Bloom,1984）：服务是一方向另一方所提供 的一种活动或利益，它通常是无形的，而且不牵涉到所有权的变 化。服务的生产可以与有形产品相关，也可能无关。 谷姆森(Gummesson,1987)：服务是一种可以用来买卖但却无形 的“物品”。 格罗鲁斯（Gronroos,1990）：服务是一种或一组具有无形性特 征的活动。服务最重要的功能就是向顾客提供问题的解决方案。 Gronroos,2000：服务是由一系列或多或少具有无形性的活动所 构成的一种过程，这种过程是在顾客与雇员、有形资源的互动关 系中进行的，这些有形资源（有形产品或有形系统）是作为顾客 问题的解决方案提供给顾客的。（Service Management and Marketing
p32）
工商管理学院
3
Linking
附录： 服务的经济学定义
Adam Smith(1776)：有一种劳动，加在物上，能增加 价值；另一种劳动，却不能够。前者因可生产价值，可 成为生产性劳动，后者可称为非生产性劳动。 Marx(《剩余价值论》)：服务同一般商品的使用价值一 样是具有物质内容的使用价值；服务这种使用价值就是 劳动本身；提供服务的劳动没有固化于商品之中，而是 直接进入消费过程。 Hill(1977): “服务”是状态的变化，这种状态可以发生 在某个人身上，也可以发生在属于某个经济主体的物的 身上；这种状态的变化是另一个经济主体的劳动成果。
工商管理学院
1
Linking
附录： 服务的管理学定义1
美国市场营销学会,1960：服务是伴随着货物销售一并提供给顾客的利益、满 足及其他活动。 里根（Regan,1963）：服务是顾客购买产品或服务时所得到的一种无形的满 意结果或有形与无形相结合的活动。 裘德（Judd,1964）：服务是一种市场交易活动，这种活动的最大特点是不牵 涉到所有权的变更。 白瑟姆（Bessom,1973）：对于消费者而言，服务是能够向他们提供任何利益 或满足的活动。这些活动，他们个人没有能力自我提供或者不愿意自我提供。 布洛斯（Blois,1974）服务就是一种用于销售的活动，这种活动可以为顾客带 来利益或满足，但它不会引起“商品”的物质形态的变化。 斯坦顿（Stanton,1974）：服务是能够给消费者或者工业用户带来满足的一些 可感知但无形的活动。 莱蒂宁（Lehtinen,1983）：服务是一种或一系列活动，它是在顾客与服务提 供者或者设备的互动过程中完成的，并使顾客满意。 工商管理学院
Linking
附录： 服务的管理学定义2
科特勒等（Kotler&Bloom,1984）：服务是一方向另一方所提供 的一种活动或利益，它通常是无形的，而且不牵涉到所有权的变 化。服务的生产可以与有形产品相关，也可能无关。 谷姆森(Gummesson,1987)：服务是一种可以用来买卖但却无形 的“物品”。 格罗鲁斯（Gronroos,1990）：服务是一种或一组具有无形性特 征的活动。服务最重要的功能就是向顾客提供问题的解决方案。 Gronroos,2000：服务是由一系列或多或少具有无形性的活动所 构成的一种过程，这种过程是在顾客与雇员、有形资源的互动关 系中进行的，这些有形资源（有形产品或有形系统）是作为顾客 问题的解决方案提供给顾客的。（Service Management and Marketing
p32）
工商管理学院
3
Linking
附录： 服务的经济学定义
Adam Smith(1776)：有一种劳动，加在物上，能增加 价值；另一种劳动，却不能够。前者因可生产价值，可 成为生产性劳动，后者可称为非生产性劳动。 Marx(《剩余价值论》)：服务同一般商品的使用价值一 样是具有物质内容的使用价值；服务这种使用价值就是 劳动本身；提供服务的劳动没有固化于商品之中，而是 直接进入消费过程。 Hill(1977): “服务”是状态的变化，这种状态可以发生 在某个人身上，也可以发生在属于某个经济主体的物的 身上；这种状态的变化是另一个经济主体的劳动成果。
工商管理学院
1
Linking
附录： 服务的管理学定义1
美国市场营销学会,1960：服务是伴随着货物销售一并提供给顾客的利益、满 足及其他活动。 里根（Regan,1963）：服务是顾客购买产品或服务时所得到的一种无形的满 意结果或有形与无形相结合的活动。 裘德（Judd,1964）：服务是一种市场交易活动，这种活动的最大特点是不牵 涉到所有权的变更。 白瑟姆（Bessom,1973）：对于消费者而言，服务是能够向他们提供任何利益 或满足的活动。这些活动，他们个人没有能力自我提供或者不愿意自我提供。 布洛斯（Blois,1974）服务就是一种用于销售的活动，这种活动可以为顾客带 来利益或满足，但它不会引起“商品”的物质形态的变化。 斯坦顿（Stanton,1974）：服务是能够给消费者或者工业用户带来满足的一些 可感知但无形的活动。 莱蒂宁（Lehtinen,1983）：服务是一种或一系列活动，它是在顾客与服务提 供者或者设备的互动过程中完成的，并使顾客满意。 工商管理学院
服务经济学服务经济学
三、服务业
1、理论研究中的服务业分类
产业结构分类法
9 三次产业分类法 9 四次产业分类法 9 霍夫曼分类法 9 工业结构产业分类法 9 基于资源使用的产业分类法
服务业分类法
9 以生产为基础的针对全部产业的划分（Production-based classification） 9 以消费为基础的专门针对服务行业的服务业分类（Consumptionbased classification） 9 以经济功能为基础的专门针对服务行业的服务业分类（Functionbased classification）
批注本地保存成功开通会员云端永久保存去开通
服务经济学
Lectures on Service Economy
第二讲 服务经济学基本范畴
程大中 复旦大学世界经济系
本讲主要内容
一、服务经济学基本范畴及其相互关系 二、服务 三、服务业 四、国际服务贸易
一、服务经济学基本范畴及其相互关系
见下图
制造工作 货物生产业 (第一、二产业) 有形产品：货物
跨境交付 境外消费 商业存在
国 际 服 务 贸 易
《服务贸易总协定》（GATS）分类
自然人流动
国际收支平衡表（BOP）分类
经常项目服务进出口
国 际 服 务 贸 易 统 计
BOP统计：居民与非居民之间服务交易
内向FAT统计 FAT统计 外向FAT统计
图 服务贸易模式与服务贸易统计
2007年中国国际收支平衡表（部分）（万美元）
项 一.经常项目 A.货物和服务 a.货物 b.服务 1.运输 2.旅游 3.通讯服务 4.建筑服务 5.保险服务 6.金融服务 7.计算机和信息服务 8.专有权利使用费和特许费 9.咨询 10.广告、宣传 11.电影、音像 12.其它商业服务 13. 别处未提及的政府服务 B.收益 1.职工报酬 2.投资收益 C.经常转移 1.各级政府 2.其它部门 目 差 额 37183262 30747660 31538140 -790479 -1194692 744695 9289 246728 -976043 -32644 213668 -784943 72418 57535 16257 867679 -30426 2568849 434007 2134842 3866752 -16596 3883348 贷 方 146788200 134220596 121999963 12220633 3132382 3723300 117455 537710 90370 23049 434475 34263 1158055 191227 31629 2691485 55234 8303031 683313 7619718 4264573 3495 4261078 借 方 109604938 103472936 90461823 13011113 4327074 2978605 108167 290982 1066413 55692 220807 819207 1085637 133692 15372 1823806 85660 5734182 249306 5484876 397820 20091 377730
经济学原理英文课件 (8)
2 of 27
Households: Consumption and Labor Supply Decisions
The Life-Cycle Theory of Consumption
FIGURE 16.1 Life-Cycle Theory of Consumption
In their early working years, people consume more than they earn. This is also true in the retirement years. In between, people save (consume less than they earn) to pay off debts from borrosavings for retirement.
Transfer Payments
Increase
Decrease Increase Decrease
Effect on consumption
Negative
Positive
Effect on labor supply
Negative* Positive*
*If the substitution effect dominates. Note: The effects are larger if they are expected to be permanent instead of temporary.
If we assume that leisure is a normal good, people with higher income will spend some of it on leisure by working less. This is the income effect of a wage rate increase.
Households: Consumption and Labor Supply Decisions
The Life-Cycle Theory of Consumption
FIGURE 16.1 Life-Cycle Theory of Consumption
In their early working years, people consume more than they earn. This is also true in the retirement years. In between, people save (consume less than they earn) to pay off debts from borrosavings for retirement.
Transfer Payments
Increase
Decrease Increase Decrease
Effect on consumption
Negative
Positive
Effect on labor supply
Negative* Positive*
*If the substitution effect dominates. Note: The effects are larger if they are expected to be permanent instead of temporary.
If we assume that leisure is a normal good, people with higher income will spend some of it on leisure by working less. This is the income effect of a wage rate increase.
经济学原理英文版课件-总需求及供给
▪ The neutrality of money: Changes in the money supply affect nominal but not real variables.
6
Classical Economics—A Recap
▪ Most economists believe classical theory describes the world in the long run, but not the short run.
16,000
14,000 12,000
U.S. real GDP, billions of 2005 dollars
10,000
8,000
6,000 4,000 2,000
The shaded bars are
recessions
0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
5
Classical Economics—A Recap
▪ The previous chapters are based on the ideas of classical economics, especially:
▪ The Classical Dichotomy, the separation of variables into two groups: ▪ Real – quantities, relative prices ▪ Nominal – measured in terms of money
17
1 A C T I V E L E A R N I N G
The Aggregate-Demand curve
What happens to the AD curve in each of the following scenarios?
6
Classical Economics—A Recap
▪ Most economists believe classical theory describes the world in the long run, but not the short run.
16,000
14,000 12,000
U.S. real GDP, billions of 2005 dollars
10,000
8,000
6,000 4,000 2,000
The shaded bars are
recessions
0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
5
Classical Economics—A Recap
▪ The previous chapters are based on the ideas of classical economics, especially:
▪ The Classical Dichotomy, the separation of variables into two groups: ▪ Real – quantities, relative prices ▪ Nominal – measured in terms of money
17
1 A C T I V E L E A R N I N G
The Aggregate-Demand curve
What happens to the AD curve in each of the following scenarios?