国际贸易词语
国际贸易通用术语
国际贸易通用术语1. “FOB，哎呀，这就好比你去市场买水果，你在摊位前看到了心仪的水果，谈好了价格，你只需要负责把它运走，卖家就把水果交到你指定的地方，这就是 FOB 呀！比如你从国外进口一批货物，卖方只要把货物交到装运港船上，之后的风险和费用就都由你承担啦。
”2. “CIF，嘿，这不就像是你在网上买个贵重物品，卖家不仅给你把东西准备好，还帮你买好保险，给你送到指定地点嘛！比如说你进口一批货物，卖方不仅要负责运输和保险，还要把货物交到目的港，这就是 CIF 呀，多贴心！”3. “EXW，哇塞，这就好像你去朋友家取东西，朋友就把东西放在那儿，其他啥都不管啦，你自己去搞定一切！像你去工厂提货，工厂只要把货物准备好，剩下的运输啊之类的都得你自己来，这就是 EXW 呢。
”4. “FCA，咦，这不就类似你叫了个外卖，外卖小哥把餐送到指定地点交给你就完成任务啦！比如你和国外供应商约定 FCA，供应商只要把货物交给承运人，责任就转移到你这边啦。
”5. “CPT，嘿呀，这感觉就像是你让人给你寄个包裹，寄的人不仅负责寄出，还负责一段路程的运费呢！比如说你进口货物，卖方负责运费把货物运到指定地点，这就是 CPT 哟。
”6. “CFR，哇哦，这就跟你请人帮你运个东西，他负责运到指定地方，但保险得你自己买一样！就像进口货物时，卖方负责运费但不包括保险，这就是 CFR 呀。
”7. “DDU，哎呀呀，这差不多就是你买个大件，商家给你送货上门，还包括了一些其他费用，多方便呀！比如从国外进口，卖方把货物送到你指定地点，且不办理进口手续，这就是 DDU 啦。
”8. “DDP，哇，这简直就是极致服务呀，就像你买东西啥都不用管，人家全部给你搞定，送到你面前！像进口时卖方负责所有，包括交税啥的，直接交到你指定地点，这就是 DDP 呢，是不是很厉害？”9. “DPU，嘿，这就像朋友给你送个东西到一个特定地点，你去那儿接收就行啦！比如进口货物，卖方把货物运到指定地点卸下，你去接手，这就是 DPU 呀。
国际贸易英语词汇集锦(word文档良心出品)
国际贸易英语词汇集锦贸易价格术语trade term / price term 价格术语world / international market price 国际市场价格FOB (free on board) 离岸价C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价freight 运费wharfage 码头费landing charges 卸货费customs duty 关税port dues 港口税import surcharge 进口附加税import variable duties 进口差价税commission 佣金return commission 回佣，回扣price including commission 含佣价net price 净价wholesale price 批发价discount / allowance 折扣retail price 零售价spot price 现货价格current price 现行价格/ 时价indicative price 参考价格customs valuation 海关估价price list 价目表total value 总值贸易保险术语All Risks 一切险F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of Odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险Shortage Risk 短缺险T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Strikes Risk 罢工险贸易机构词汇WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定贸易方式词汇stocks 存货，库存量cash sale 现货purchase 购买，进货bulk sale 整批销售，趸售distribution channels 销售渠道wholesale 批发retail trade 零售业hire-purchase 分期付款购买fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市unfair competition 不合理竞争dumping 商品倾销dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度antidumping 反倾销customs bond 海关担保chain debts 三角债freight forwarder 货运代理trade consultation 贸易磋商mediation of dispute 商业纠纷调解partial shipment 分批装运restraint of trade 贸易管制~RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 区域贸易安排favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差special preferences 优惠关税bonded warehouse 保税仓库transit trade 转口贸易tariff barrier 关税壁垒tax rebate 出口退税TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技术性贸易壁垒贸易伙伴术语trade partner 贸易伙伴manufacturer 制造商，制造厂middleman 中间商，经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer, tradesman 零售商merchant 商人，批发商，零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者consumer 消费者，用户client, customer 顾客，客户buyer 买主，买方carrier 承运人consignee 收货人进出口贸易词汇commerce, trade, trading 贸易inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 国内贸易international trade 国际贸易foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易，外贸import, importation 进口importer 进口商export, exportation 出口exporter 出口商import licence 进口许口证export licence 出口许口证commercial transaction 买卖，交易inquiry 询盘delivery 交货order 订货make a complete entry 正式/完整申报bad account 坏帐Bill of Lading 提单marine bills of lading 海运提单shipping order 托运单blank endorsed 空白背书endorsed 背书cargo receipt 承运货物收据condemned goods 有问题的货物catalogue 商品目录customs liquidation 清关customs clearance 结关export, exportation 出口exporter 出口商import licence 进口许口证export licence 出口许口证commercial transaction 买卖，交易inquiry 询盘delivery 交货order 订货make a complete entry 正式/完整申报bad account 坏帐Bill of Lading 提单marine bills of lading 海运提单shipping order 托运单blank endorsed 空白背书endorsed 背书cargo receipt 承运货物收据condemned goods 有问题的货物catalogue 商品目录customs liquidation 清关customs clearance 结关trade partner 贸易伙伴manufacturer 制造商，制造厂middleman 中间商，经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer, tradesman 零售商merchant 商人，批发商，零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者consumer 消费者，用户client, customer 顾客，客户buyer 买主，买方carrier 承运人consignee 收货人protectorate （被）保护国asylum 庇护；避难forntier region, border region 边界地区boundary negotiation 边界谈判status quo of the boundary 边界现状never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件non-aligned countries 不结盟国家patrimonial sea 承袭海consultations 磋商the third world 第三世界imperialism 帝国主义200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权developing countries 发展中国家dependency 附庸国plebiscite 公民投票generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action 共同行动normalization of relations 关系正常化an established principle of international law 国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters 国际水域international situation 国际形势merger of states 国家合并national boundary 国界maritime resources 海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无détente, 缓和fundamental rights 基本权利reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担Near East 近东right of residence 居留权arms dealer, merchant of death 军火商territorial sea 领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度territorial air 领空territorial waters 领水inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial contiguity 领土毗连territorial integrity 领土完整refugee camp 难民营country of one's residence 侨居国complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯ecocide 生态灭绝practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use 实用,有效,廉价,方便bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度国际贸易英语词汇集锦3outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialismand neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast 中东neutral state, neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小，应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each other's deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项原则mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity互相尊重主权和领土完整mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯non-interference in each other's internal affairs 互不干涉内政equality and mutual benefit 平等互利买方buyer卖方seller项目名称Project name地址address电话phone传真fax联系人contact person本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。
11个贸易术语归纳表2020
11个贸易术语归纳表2020
1. 进口（Import）：指国家或地区从其他国家或地区购买商品或服务。
2. 出口（Export）：指国家或地区将商品或服务销售给其他国家或地区。
3. 关税（Tariff）：指对进口商品征收的税费，旨在保护国内产业或调节贸易。
4. 自由贸易（Free trade）：指国家或地区之间不设贸易限制和关税壁垒的贸易形式。
5. 贸易逆差（Trade deficit）：指国家或地区的进口额超过出口额，导致贸易收支出现赤字。
6. 贸易顺差（Trade surplus）：指国家或地区的出口额超过进口额，导致贸易收支出现盈余。
7. 世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization，简称WTO）：一个负责全球贸易规则的国际组织。
8. 反倾销（Anti-dumping）：指国家采取措施限制进口低价倾销商品，以保护国内产业。
9. 贸易壁垒（Trade barrier）：指各种措施或政策，限制或阻碍国际贸易的发展。
10. 自由贸易协定（Free Trade Agreement）：两个或多个国家之间签订的取消或降低关税和贸易限制的协议。
11. 海关（Customs）：指国家边境或港口的政府机关，负责管理和监督进出口货物的合规。
关于贸易的术语
关于贸易的术语1. “FOB（船上交货），就好比你去市场买鱼，鱼在船上的时候就归你啦，你得负责之后的所有事儿。
比如你买了一批货物，在装运港船上交货后，后续的运费、保险啥的就都是你的事儿啦！”2. “CIF（成本加保险费加运费），这不就像你点外卖，商家不仅把东西做好给你送来，还帮你买了保险，你只要等着收货就行啦！比如进口货物，卖方负责运费和保险，你就轻松等着就行啦，多方便呀！”3. “EXW（工厂交货），这就好像你去工厂直接拿货，从那时候起，货物就归你管啦！像你去厂家拿一批原材料，从工厂出来后，所有的都得你操心啦！”4. “FCA（货交承运人），可以想象成你把东西交给快递员，这时候责任就转移啦！比如你把包裹交给快递员，之后的事儿就和你关系不大啦！”5. “CPT（运费付至），不就跟你寄东西并付了运费一样嘛，你把运费给到指定地点就行啦！比如你要寄个重要文件，付了运费到目的地，其他的就不用太操心啦！”6. “CFR（成本加运费），这就类似你买东西，对方只负责运费，保险得你自己来哦！就像买个贵重物品，对方出运费，你得自己买保险保障一下呀，是不是？”7. “DAP（目的地交货），哇塞，这就如同快递直接送到你家门口呀！比如说你买个大家具，对方直接给你送到家里摆好，多爽呀！”8. “DPU（卸货地交货），这不就是货物运到指定地点，然后卸下来就交给你啦！就像运了一批建材到工地，卸下来就等你接手啦！”9. “DDP（完税后交货），哎呀，这可真是太好啦，对方啥都给你搞定，连税都交了呢！就像你买个进口奢侈品，啥都不用你管，直接到手，爽不爽呀！”10. “L/C（信用证），这就好像是给交易上了一道保险锁呀！有了它，双方都放心不少呢！比如做大买卖的时候，有信用证在，大家都能安心交易啦！”我的观点结论：这些贸易术语在国际贸易中可太重要啦，它们就像是贸易的语言，让买卖双方能更好地沟通和合作呀！。
(完整版)国际贸易专业词汇
国际贸易专业英语（商务词汇汇总）目录：一、进出口贸易词汇 (2)二、贸易价格术语 (5)三、贸易保险、国际组织术语 (8)四、贸易价格术语 (11)五、贸易伙伴术语 (14)六、数量条件与外汇术语 (16)一、进出口贸易词汇merce the activity of buying and selling, especially on a largescale贸易2. Export Declaration A form to be completed by the exporter or theirauthorized agent and filed in triplicate by a carrier withthe United State Collector of customs at the point of exit.出口申报单3.import to bring or carry in from an outside source, especially to bringin(goods or materials)from a foreign country for trade orsale 进口4.import licence A certificate, issued by countries exercising importcontrols, that permits importation of the articles statedin the license. The issuance of such a permit frequently isconnected with the release of foreign exchange needed to payfor the shipment for which the import license has beenrequested.进口许口证5.export licence A document secured from a government, authorizing anexporter to export a specific quantity of a particularcommodity to a certain country. An export license is oftenrequired if a government has place embargoes or otherrestrictions upon exports. See General Export License.出口许口证6.inquiry an act of asking for information询盘7.delivery an item or items delivered on a particular occasion.交货8.order a thing made, supplied, or served as a result of such a request订货9.Bill of Lading A document that establishes the terms of a contractbetween a shipper and a transportation company under whichfreight is to be moved between specified points for aspecified charge. Usually prepared by the shipper on formsissued by the carrier, it serves as a document of title,contract of carriage, and a receipt for goods. Also see AirWaybill and Ocean Bill of Lading.提单10.Endorsement in Blank Commonly used on a bank check, an endorsementin blank is an endorsement to the bearer. It contains onlythe name of the endorser and specifies no particular payee.Also, a common means of endorsing bills of lading dawn tothe order of the shipper. The bills are endorsed "For..."(see Bill of Lading, Order).空白背书11.endorsed sign (a cheque or bill of exchange) on the back to make itpayable to someone other than the stated payee or to acceptresponsibility for paying it背书12.cargo receipt Is a receipt of cargo for shipment by a consolidator(used in ocean freight).承运货物收据13. catalogue a publication containing details and often photographs ofitems for sale商品目录14.Red Clause Letter of Credit A letter of credit that allows theexporter to receive a percentage of the face value of theletter of credit in advance of shipment. This enables theexporter to purchase inventory and pay other costsassociated with producing and preparing the export order.红条款信用证15.export subsidy An economic benefit granted by a government toproducers of goods or services, often to strengthen theircompetitive position. 出口津贴16.favorable balance of trade When countries export more than theyimport, they are said to have a favorable balance oftrade. 贸易顺差17.unfavorable balance of trade When they import more than they export,an unfavorable balance of trade exits. 贸易逆差18.free trade zone A port designated by the government of a country forduty-free entry of any non-prohibited goods. Merchandisemay be stored, displayed, used for manufacturing, within thezone and re-exported without duties being paid. Duties areimposed on the merchandise (or items manufactured from themerchandise) only when the goods pass from the zone into anarea of the country subject to the Customs Authority. 自由贸易区19. most-favored nation treatment（MFNT）The list of a country's importduties is called a tariff schedule. A single tariff scheduleapplies to all goods, no matter what their country of origin.A double or multicolumn schedule provides for differingrates depending on the country of origin. Most modern tradeagreements are made on the basis of what is calledmost-favored-nation treatment. 最惠国待遇20.General Average When damage to cargo on board a vessel exceedscarrier's insurance, carrier will release cargo only withan acceptance agreement to claim only a general percentageof all the damage sustained.共同海损mercial Invoice An itemized list of goods shipped, usuallyincluded among an exporter's collection papers.商业发票22.Ocean bills of lading A receipt for cargo in transit, and a contractbetween the exporter and an ocean carrier for transportationand delivery of goods to a specified party at a specifiedforeign destination. Issued after the vessel has sailed andthe cargo has been entered in the ship's manifest. 海运提单23.Customs liquidation The finalization of a customs entry. 清关24.Customs Bonded Warehouse Is a warehouse where imported goods maybe stored for a total of three years without the payment ofduty or taxes. 保税仓库25.dumping sending (goods unsaleable in the home market) to a foreignmarket for sale at a low price. 商品倾销26.export send (goods or services) to another country for sale出口27.Correspondent Bank A bank that, in its own country, handles thebusiness of a foreign bank.通知行28.sight draft a draft payable upon presentation. 即期汇票29.transferable L/C a letter of credit part of whose value when theapplicant defaults on another agreed method of payment可转让信用证30.mark information placed on outer surface of shipping containers orpackages such as address labels, identifying numbers, boxspecifications, caution, or directional warning.唛头二、贸易价格术语1.FOB (free on board) Seller is responsible for inland freight and allother costs until the cargo has been loaded on thevessel/aircraft.Buyer is responsible for ocean/airfreightand marine/airinsurance离岸价（船上交货价）2.C&F(cost and freight)Is a quoted price includes cost of goods andfreight. 成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）3.CIF (cost, insurance and freight) Is a quoted price includes cost ofgoods, insurance and freight. 到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）4.reight All merchandise,goods,products,or commodities shipped bysail,air,road,or water other than by baggage,expressmail,or regular mail . 运费5.wharfage A charge assessed by a pier or dock owner against the cargoor a steamship company for use of the pier or dock. 码头费6.tariff customs,duty；Duties or a duty imposed by a government onImported or exported goods. 关税mission The amount paid to an agent,which may be an individual, aborker, or a financial institution for consummating atransaction involving sale or purchase of assets orservices. 佣金8.return commission A commission which is paid back by the agent if apolicy is cancelled before its normal expiration date. 回佣，回扣 price price of product (service) which does not contain Value AdeedTax净价10.wholesale price Wholesaling is the sale of goods or merchandise toretailers, to industrial, commercial, institutional, orother professional business users批发价11.discount / allowance A reduction from the full or standard amout ofa pice or debt折扣12.retail price The price paid by a consumer to a dealer or individualfor a vehicle. The dealer or individual sets the retail priceof a used car by calculating the wholesale price paid plusreconditioning expenses and other costs零售价13.spot price the current delivery price of a commodity traded in thespot market现货价格14.current price prevailing price，the prices of goods and services inthe reference period现行价格/时价15.customs valuation Establishment, according to defined criteria, ofthe value of goods for the purpose of levying ad valoremcustoms duties on their importation海关估价16.price list means the list of charges for the Product as found on theSite and VAT at the prescribed rate and any other tax, dutyor levy imposed by legislation. 价目表17.stamp duty stamp tax，a tax collected by requiring a stamp to bepurchased and attached (usually on documents orpublications). 印花税18.revenue the total income a business firm or government receives fromall source税收，收入19.forward price Refers to sales into the future of a physical commodityby the use of forward contracting or futures and optionshedging. It is a marketing tool for grain buyers and sellers.期货（远期）价格，期货价20.deduction an amount that is or may be deducted；the act of deducting；subtraction扣除（额）；减除（额）21.average cost Usually refers to average total cost，which is the totalcost of production of a good or service(including the costsof fixed inputs and variable inputs) divided by the quantityproduced. 平均成本22.interest rate The fee charged by a lender to a borrower for the useof borrowed money，usually expressed as an annual percentageof the principal；the rate is dependent upon the time valueof money，the credit risk of the bprrowed and the onflationrate. 利率Interest rates can be calculated as simple，compounded or effective.23.import surcharge A temporary tax on imports over and aboveestablished tariffs, usually enacted in times of economiccrisis进口附加税24.import licence An import license is a document issued by a nationalgovernment authorizing the importation of certain goodsinto its territory.进口许口证25.export licence A document secured from a government, authorizing anexporter to export a specific quantity of a particularcommodity to a certain country. An export license is oftenrequired if a government has place embargoes or otherrestrictions upon exports. See General Export Licence出口许口证26.total value face value * place value. 总值27.world (International)Market price World market prices ofcommodities exchange国际市场价格28.open account Credit extended that is not supported by a note，mortage，or other formal written evidence of indebtedness. Becausethis method poses an obvious risk to the supplier，it isessential that the buy’s integrity by unquestionable. 赊账29.average price The price of a home determined by totaling the salesprices of all houses sold in an area and dividing that numberby the number of homes. 平均价格30.Port of Discharge Port where vessel is off loaded and cargo discharges.卸货港三、贸易保险、国际组织术语1. Insurer: insurance company: a financial institution that sellsinsurance 保险人2. Insured: a person whose interests are protected by an insurancepolicy 投保人3. Insurance policy: An Insurance contract determines the legalframework under which the features of an insurance policyare enforced.保险单4. proximate cause:an event sufficiently related to a legallyrecognizable injury to be held the cause of that injury.近因原则5. Total Loss: Totaled (shorthand for total loss) is a term used in theinsurance industry. Generally, the insurance providerwill only pay out the lesser cost of buying a replacementvehicle, instead of paying to repair the old one to itsprevious state.全部损失/全损6. PICC: People’s Insurance Company of China. a Chinese insurancecompany中国人民保险公司7. I.C.: China Insurance Clause中国保险条款8. W/W clause: Warehouse to Warehouse Clause仓至仓条款9. All Risks ：This is an insurance term and the “All Risks” insurancewill normally cover against all risks of whatever natureprovided that they are risks and not certainties.一切险10. W.A./W.P.A：(With Average or With Particular Average) An insurance termmeaning that partial loss or damage of goods is insured.Generally must be caused by sea water. Many have a minimumpercentage of damage before payment. May be extended tocover loss by theft, pilferage, delivery, leakage, andbreakage. 水渍险11. F.P.A.：(Free of Particular Average) A term used in marine insurancepolicies to indicate that while the underwriter isunwilling to assume liability for ordinary partial lossesdue to the peculiar qualities of the particular articleor to its form of package, he is willing to bear partiallosses, the direct result of stranding, sinking, burning,collision, or other named peril 平安险12. War Risk: The possible aggressive actions against a ship and itscargo by a belligerent government. This risk can beinsured by a marine policy with a risk clause. 战争险13. Strike， riots and civel commotion ：（S.R.C.C.）An insurance clause referring to loss ordamage directly caused by strikers, locked-out workmen,persons participation in labor disturbances, and riots ofvarious kinds. The ordinary marine insurance policy doesnot cover this risk; coverage against it can be added onlyby endorsement. 罢工、暴动、民变险14. Claim : an assertion of a right (as to money or property) 索赔15. Disputes: dispute is a commencement of a conflict between statementsof accepted fact and a new or unaccepted proposal thatdisagrees with, argues against, or debates the acceptedknowledge or opinion. 争议16. Penalty: the act of punishing 罚金条款17. Arbitration: (law) the hearing and determination of a dispute by animpartial referee agreed to by both parties 仲裁18. Force Majeure:all events which are beyond the control of the Partiesto this Contract, and which are unforeseen, unavoidableor insurmountable, and which arise after the EffectiveDate and Which prevent total or partial performance by andParty. 不可抗力19. Arbitral tribunal: An arbitral tribunal (or arbitration tribunal) isa panel of one or more adjudicators which is convened andsits to resolve a dispute by way of arbitration. 仲裁庭20. Arbitration Clause:Is a standard clause to be included in thecontracts of exporters and importers, as suggested by theAmerican Arbitration Association. It states that anycontroversy or claim will be settled by arbitration inaccordance with the rules of the American ArbitrationAssociation. 仲裁条款21. Certificate of origin: A statement signed by the exporter, or his agent,and attested to by a local Chamber of Commerce, indicatingthat the goods being shipped, or a major percentage of them,originated and were produced in the exporter's country产地证明书22. Inspection certificate: A document certifying that merchandise (suchas perishable goods) was in goods condition immediatelyprior to shipment. 品质检验证书23. WTO ：(World Trade Organization) an international organizationdesigned to supervise and liberalize international trade.世界贸易组织24. IMF ：(International Monetary Fund) an international organizationthat oversees the global financial system by following themacroeconomic policies of its member countries, inparticular those with an impact on exchange rates and thebalance of payments. 国际货币基金组织25. EFTA ：(European Free Trade Association)a European trade blocwhich was established as an alternative for Europeanstates who did not join the then-European EconomicCommunity. 欧洲自由贸易联盟26. AFTA： (ASEAN Free Trade Area) a trade bloc agreement by theAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations supporting localmanufacturing in all ASEAN countries.东盟自由贸易区27. JCCT ：(China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade)中美商贸联委会28. NAFTA： (North American Free Trade Area) a trilateral trade blocin North America created by the governments of the UnitedStates, Canada, and Mexico.北美自由贸易区29. UNCTAD ：(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)It isthe principal organ of the United Nations General Assemblydealing with trade, investment and development issues.联合国贸易与发展会议30. GATT ：（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) the outcome of thefailure of negotiating governments to create theInternational Trade Organization (ITO).关贸总协定四、贸易价格术语1.stocks [mass noun]the capital raised by a business or corporationthrough the issue and subscription of shares资本，股本2. cash sale A legal term denoting a mercantile transaction in whichtitle to merchandise passes when the buyer pays the seller.现货3. purchase the acquisition of something for payment;购买,进货4. bulk sale sometimes called a bulk transfer, is a sale of goods by abusiness that represents all or substantially all of itsinventory to a single buyer unless such a sale would be commonin the ordinary course of its business. 整批销售，趸售5. distribution channels Distribution (or place) is one of the fourelements of marketing mix. An organization or set oforganizations (go-betweens) involved in the process of makinga product or service available for use or consumption by aconsumer or business user.销售渠道6. wholesale historically called jobbing, is the sale of goods ormerchandise to retailers, to industrial, commercial,institutional, or other professional business users, or toother wholesalers and related subordinated services.批发7. retail trade Retailing consists of the sale of goods or merchandisefrom a fixed location, such as a department store or kiosk,or by post, in small or individual lots for direct consumptionby the purchaser.零售业8. hire-purchase method of buying something by paying over an extendedperiod分期付款购买9. exclusive right In Anglo-Saxon law, an exclusive right is a de facto,non-tangible prerogative existing in law (that is, the poweror, in a wider sense, right) to perform an action or acquirea benefit and to permit or deny others the right to performthe same action or to acquire the same benefit.独家经营/专营权10. unfair competition Commercial conduct that the law views as unjust.不合理竞争11. dumping selling goods abroad at a price below that charged in thedomestic market商品倾销12. antidumping the act of a manufacturer in one country exporting aproduct to another country at a price which is either belowthe price it charges in its home market or is below its costsof production反倾销13. unfavorable balance of trade An expression denoting a situationwhere a geographical entity (be it a nation,region,state,orcity)imports more goods and services than it exports.It isused to descibe the situation for both individual goods orservices and for all goods and services combined.贸易逆差14. free trade Free trade exists when the inernational exchange of goodsis neither restricted nor encouraged by government-imposedtrade barriers.Subsequently,the determination of thedistribution and level of international trade is left to theoperation of market forces.自由贸易15. non-tariff barriers Economic, political, administrative or legalimpediments to trade other than duties, taxes and importquotas.非关税壁垒16. favorable balance of trade Any excess of credits over debits at theend of a given accounting period.贸易顺差17. partial shipment A process in which a store ships/provides only someof the goods/services in a single order. Therefore, thePostAuth amount would be less than the amount of the approvedPreAuth for the order.分批装运18. restraint of trade [mass noun](Law)action that interferes with freecompetition in a market (律)贸易限制，贸易管制19. Settlement As the sales transaction value moves from the merchantto the acquiring bank, to the issuer, each party buys and sellsthe sales ticket. Settlement is what occurs when the acquiringbank and the issuer exchange data or funds during transactions.清算,交割20. trade consultation An act of process where advice is given or viewsare exchanged.贸易磋商21. bonded warehouse a customs-controlled warehouse for the retentionof imported goods until the duty owed is paid.保税仓库22. chain debts Competitive products or knock-out products; blockbuster;core product ;Downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll toimprove efficiency 三角债 ...23. sanction A coercive measure adopted usually by several nationsacting together against a nation violating international law.国际制裁24. customs bond Customs Bonds (also known as Surety Bonds) are requiredby the U.S. Customs Service (Title 19 USC, section 1623) asa means to ensure that importers guarantee payment in the eventthat liquidated damages are assessed against shipmentsimported into the country. 海关担保25. consignment [mass noun]the action of consigning or deliveringsomething.寄售26. tax rebate A tax refund or tax rebate is a refund on taxes when thetax liability is less than the taxes paid. 出口退税27. freight forwarder A freight forwarder (often just forwarder) is athird party logistics provider. As a third party (or non assetbased) provider a forwarder dispatches shipments via assetbased carriers and books or otherwise arranges space for thoseshipments. 货运代理28. RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) Resource provided by WTO onregional economic integration like customs union and free tradearea. Includes the listing of such agreements .区域贸易安排29. INT (auction) a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess ofthe contract are scored toward game; now generally supersededby contract bridge.拍卖30. agency agreement In some states, the term describing a listing underwhich the brokerÕs commission is protected against a sale byother agents but not by a sale by the principal. Called aÒnon-exclusiveÓ listing in some states.代理协议五、贸易伙伴术语1.manufacturer people who make or produce something by machinery in afactory 制造商2.middlema a person who buys goods from producers and sells them toretailers or consumers 中间商，经纪人3.dealer a person or business that buys and sells goods;a person who buysand sells shares,securities,or other financial assetsas a principal(rather than as a broker or agent). 经销商;交易员，证券商4.wholesaler someone who buys large quantities of goods and resells tomerchants rather than to the ultimate customers 批发商5.retailer a merchant who sells goods at retail 零售商6.merchan a person or company involved in wholesale trade,especially onedealing with foreign countries or supplyingmerchandise to a particular trade 商人，批发商，零售商7.concessionaire the holder of a concession or grant,especially for theuse of land or commercial premises or for tradingrights 受让人8.consumer the person who purchases goods and services for personal use消费者，用户9.client a person or organization using the services or a lawyer or otherprofessional person or company 委托人，顾客，客户10.buyer a person who makes a purchase 买主11.carrier a person or thing that carries ,holds ,or conveys something承运人12.consignee the person to whom merchandise is delivered over 收货人13.freight forwarder the intermediary between the carrier and theshipper,who is entrusted by the shipper,and handlesloading and unloading and other transportationbusiness for the goods imported/exported in his ownname,and charge the freight and commision 货运代理人14.insurance broker one kind of insurance sales person representing thecustomer instead of the insurance company 保险经纪人15.export management company a private firm that serves as the exportdepartment for several producers of goods or services,eitherby taking title or by soliciting and transacting exportbusiness on behalf of its clients in return for acommission ,salary ,or retainer plus commission 出口经营商mission house an organization that trades commodities and/orfutures and options contracts for customer accounts inreturn for a fee 佣金行，委托交易行17.the drawer the person who writes a check or draft instructing thedraeww to pay someone else 发票人，出票人，开票人18.the drawee the individual or firm on whom a draft is drawn and whoowes the indicated amount 付款人19.the payee one who receives a payment,such as throughcash,check ,money order ,or promissory note 收款人，领款人20.import merchant a firm located in the foreign market that puchasesgoods from abroad for re-sale in his home market 进口批发商21.multinational corporation(MNC) a multinational corporation is abusiness enterprise that retains direct investmentsoverseas and that maintains value-addes holdings inmore than one country 跨国公司22.subsidiary a subsidiary is a company which is owned or controlled byanother firm or company 子公司23.joint venture a type of partial structural integration in which oneor more separate organizations combime resources toachieve a stated objective 合资企业24.wholly owned subsidiary a subsidiary substantially all of whoseoutstanding voting securities are owned by its parentand/or the parent’s other wholly owned subsidiaries全资子公司25.majority owned subsidiary a subsidiary more than 50 percent of whoseoutstanding voting shares is owned by its parent and/orthe parent’s other majority-owned subsidiaries 控股子公司26.offer an amount of money that someone is willing to pay for something出盘，出价27.counter offer offer and acceptance analysis is a traditional approachin contract law used to determine whether an agreementexists between two parties 还盘，还价28.indent make a requisition or written order for something 订单29.bid offer a certain price for something,especially at an auction 递盘30.reference price a price calculated continuously updated in real timeand representing a weighted average of prices 参考价六、数量条件与外汇术语1. number ①the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinitequantityof units or individuals②a concept of quantity involving zero and units 个数 weight (Actual Net Weight) Weight of goods alone without anyimmediate wrappings. 净重3. capacity The maximum load a generating unit, generating station, orother electrical apparatus is rated to carry.容积4. volume A unit of three dimensional measure of space that comprisesa length, a width and a height. 体积5.tare an adjustment made for the weight of the packaging in order todetermine the net weight of the goods. 皮重6.gross weigh Entire weight of goods, packing, and container,, ready forshipment.毛重7. quality①an essential and distinguishing attribute of something orsomeone.②a characteristic property that defines the apparentindividual nature of something.品质8.duplicate sample One of two samples collected at a sampling point atthe same time in a manner that minimizes differencesbetween the samples.复样9. Specify to stipulate as a condition or requirement in a contract oragreement说明10.counter sample Pre-production samples sent from a vendor for purposessuch as fitting, comments on execution orinterpretation of a design or model.对等样品11.criterion a standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decisioncan be based.标准12.catalogue A complete list in printed or electronic format of the stockheld in a particular collection, library, or group oflibraries, recording, describing and indexing theresources available.商品目录13.pamphlet ①booklet: a small book usually having a paper cover②tract: a brief treatise on a subject of interest;published in the form of a booklet.宣传小册14.tolerance A specified allowance for deviation in weighing, measuring,etc. for deviations from the standard dimensions or weight.公差15.representative sample A representative sample is one from whichfindings may be projected to the populationfrom which it was drawn.代表性样品16.foreign exchange the system by which one currency is exchanged foranother; enables international transactions totake place.外汇17.foreign currency A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating thetransfer of goods and/or services. It is one formof money.外币18.rate of exchange the charge for exchanging currency of one countryfor currency of another.汇率19.floating rate An interest rate on a loan that fluctuates with theprevailing rates offered to lending institutions.浮动汇率20.fixed rate The interest rate charged and/or the monthly payments arefixed throughout the length of the agreement.固定汇率21.gold standard ①a monetary standard under which the basic unit ofcurrency is defined by a stated quantity of gold②a paragon of excellence; "academic education is thegold standard against which other educational activityis pejoratively judged" 金本位制度22.balance of payments A statement of the balance of a country's tradeand financial transactions with the rest of theworld over a specific period - usually a year.国际收支23.hard currency A currency whose value is expected to remain stable orincrease in terms of other currencies.硬通货24.soft currency Soft currency indicates a type of currency whose valuemay depreciate rapidly or that is difficult to convertinto other currencies.软通货25.indirect quotation The practice of quoting the exchange value of acurrency by saying how many units of anothercurrency can be bought with one arysystem in which currencies are defined in termsof a given weight of gold.间接标价26.devaluation ①an official lowering of a nation's currency; a decreasein the value of a country's currency relative to thatof foreign countries②the reduction of something's value or worth.法定贬值26.buying rate Rate at which the market and a market maker in particularis willing to buy the currency. Sometimes called bid rate.买入汇率27.selling rate Rate at which a bank is willing to sell foreign currency.卖出汇率28.inflation A persistent increase in the level of consumer prices ora persistent decline in the purchasing power of money,caused by an increase in available currency and creditbeyond the proportion of available goods and services.。
国际贸易用语
国际贸易用语
1. “FOB，嘿，这就像是货物的一次奇妙旅行起点！比如说，我们出口一批货物，FOB 条款下，我们只要把货交到装运港船上，后面的事儿就交给买家啦，是不是很神奇？”
2. “CIF，哇哦，它就好像是给货物买了一份保险套餐呢！就像我们把货物运到对方港口，还负责运费和保险，让买家超安心，这不挺棒的吗？”
3. “EXW，嘿呀，这可真是让卖家轻松不少呢！就像你在家里等着别人来取货，你啥都不用管，多省事呀！”
4. “DDP，哇塞，这简直是服务到极致呀！卖家要负责把货物送到买家指定地点，交完税，一切都安排得妥妥当当，能不让人佩服吗？”
5. “L/C，哎呀，这可是国际贸易的信任法宝呢！有了它，买卖双方就像有了坚固的桥梁，不用担心对方耍赖，多好呀！”
6. “T/T，嘿，这就像是快速通道呀！直接汇款，简单又直接，能不喜欢吗？”
7. “DP，咦，这不就是给买家一点时间缓冲嘛！先交单后付款，很人性化呀！”
8. “DA，哇，这有点像先信任后结账呢！给买家一段时间去筹钱付款，是不是挺有意思？”
9. “ETA，嘿，这可是大家都期待的时刻呀！货物预计到达的时间，就像盼着好朋友来一样，激动不？”
10. “ETD，哟呵，这是货物出发的信号呀！知道了这个时间，心里就有底啦，不是吗？”
我的观点结论：国际贸易用语真是丰富多样又有趣呀，每个用语都有它独特的作用和意义，让国际贸易变得更加顺畅和精彩！。
国际贸易中常用的词汇
国际贸易中常用的词汇一、货物（Goods）1. Commodity.- 发音：[kəˈmɒdəti]- 词性：名词。
- 含义：商品，货物。
例如：The company deals in various commodities.（这家公司经营各种商品。
）2. Cargo.- 发音：[ˈkɑːɡəʊ]- 词性：名词。
- 含义：（船、飞机等装载的）货物。
例如：The cargo on the ship is very valuable.（船上的货物非常贵重。
）二、贸易方式（Trade Modes）1. Import.- 发音：[ˈɪmpɔːt]（名词）；[ɪmˈpɔːt]（动词）- 词性：名词、动词。
- 含义：进口，进口商品。
例如：The import of cars has increased this year.（今年汽车的进口量增加了。
）；We import a lot of electronics from Japan.（我们从日本进口很多电子产品。
）2. Export.- 发音：[ˈekspɔːt]（名词）；[ɪkˈspɔːt]（动词）- 词性：名词、动词。
- 含义：出口，出口商品。
例如：The export of textiles is an important part of our economy.（纺织品出口是我们经济的一个重要部分。
）；Our company exports furniture to many countries.（我们公司向许多国家出口家具。
）3. Wholesale.- 发音：[ˈhəʊlseɪl]- 词性：名词、形容词、副词、动词。
- 含义：批发。
例如：They do business in wholesale.（他们做批发生意。
）；The wholesale price is much lower.（批发价低得多。
）4. Retail.- 发音：[ˈriːteɪl]- 词性：名词、动词。
国际贸易英语词汇
国际贸易英语词汇贸易方式词汇词语解释stocks 存货，库存量cash sale 现货purchase 购买，进货bulk sale 整批销售，趸售distribution channels 销售渠道wholesale 批发retail trade 零售业hire-purchase 分期付款购买fluctuate in line with market随行就市conditionsunfair competition 不合理竞争dumping 商品倾销dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度antidumping 反倾销customs bond 海关担保chain debts 三角债freight forwarder 货运代理trade consultation 贸易磋商mediation of dispute 商业纠纷调解partial shipment 分批装运restraint of trade 贸易管制RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 区域贸易安排favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差special preferences 优惠关税bonded warehouse 保税仓库transit trade 转口贸易tariff barrier 关税壁垒tax rebate 出口退税TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技术性贸易壁垒贸易伙伴术语词语解释trade partner 贸易伙伴manufacturer 制造商，制造厂middleman 中间商，经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer, tradesman 零售商merchant 商人，批发商，零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者consumer 消费者，用户client, customer 顾客，客户buyer 买主，买方carrier 承运人consignee 收货人进出口贸易词汇词语解释commerce, trade, trading 贸易国内贸易inland trade, home trade, domestictradeinternational trade 国际贸易foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易，外贸import, importation 进口importer 进口商export, exportation 出口exporter 出口商import licence 进口许口证export licence 出口许口证commercial transaction 买卖，交易inquiry 询盘delivery 交货order 订货make a complete entry 正式/完整申报bad account 坏帐Bill of Lading 提单marine bills of lading 海运提单shipping order 托运单blank endorsed 空白背书endorsed 背书cargo receipt 承运货物收据condemned goods 有问题的货物catalogue 商品目录customs liquidation 清关customs clearance 结关贸易价格术语词语解释trade term / price term 价格术语world / international market price 国际市场价格FOB (free on board) 离岸价C & F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价freight 运费wharfage 码头费landing charges 卸货费customs duty 关税port dues 港口税import surcharge 进口附加税import variable duties 进口差价税commission 佣金return commission 回佣，回扣price including commission 含佣价net price 净价wholesale price 批发价discount / allowance 折扣retail price 零售价spot price 现货价格current price 现行价格 / 时价indicative price 参考价格customs valuation 海关估价price list 价目表total value 总值贸易保险术语词语解释All Risks 一切险平安险F.P.A. (Free from ParticularAverage)水渍险W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or WithParticular Average)War Risk 战争险F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险Risk of Intermixture and混杂、玷污险ContaminationRisk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of Odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险Shortage Risk 短缺险T.P.N.D. (Theft, Pilferage & 偷窃提货不着险Non-delivery)Strikes Risk 罢工险贸易机构词汇词语解释WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会欧洲自由贸易联盟EFTA (European Free TradeAssociation)AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区中美商贸联委会JCCT (China-US Joint Commission onCommerce and Trade)北美自由贸易区NAFTA (North American Free TradeArea)联合国贸易与发展会议UNCTAD (United Nations Conferenceon Trade and Development)关贸总协定GATT (General Agreement on Tariffsand Trade)基本英文商务短语词语解释abandonment charge 背弃费用absolute par of exchange 绝对外汇平价abritrage rate 套汇汇率above par 超过票面价值acceptance commission 承兑手续费acceptance fee 认付费acceptance for honor 参加承兑acceptance house 期票承兑行acceptor for honor 参加承兑人accepting bank 承兑银行accepting charge 承兑费accident beyond control 非人为事故account payable 应收帐、应付未付帐account purchase 赊买account receivable 应收帐款、应收未收帐account sales 销货帐、销货清单account of goods sold 销货帐目account of receipts and payments 收支帐目account year 会计年度accounting statement 会计报表accounting unit 会计单位accrued expense 应计费用accrued item 应计项目accumulation of capital 资本积累acknowledgement 回单acknowledgement of orders 订单确认act of God 天灾acting manager 代理经理active demand 畅销actual cost 实际成本actual liabilities 实际负债actual price 实际价additional expense 追加费用additional order 追加订货additional premium 追加保费adjustment of exchange rate 调整汇价advalorem duty 从价税advance in price 涨价advance payment 预付款advance price 增价advance sample 预样advance settlement of exchange 预交外汇预交出口外汇advance surrender of exportexchangeadvice of arrival 到货通知advice of charge 付款通知书advice of shipment 货运通知advice of drawing 支票通知书advising bank (notifying bank) 通知银行advertisement matter 广告邮件advertising agency 广告社、广告代理advertising expense 广告费advertising media 广告媒体affiliated company 附属公司、联盟公司after charge 附加费率after date 日后、发票后after sight 见票后照付affidavit of export 出口宣誓书A grade 甲级（货品）against all risks 保全险agency agreement 代理协议agency contract 代理契约agent service 代理服务agreed upon 同意、商定agricultural products 农产品air-borne goods 空运货物air freight 航空运费air mail 航空邮件air-mail service 航空运寄air transportation insurance 空运保险all risk 全险all round price 包括一切费用价格all sorts of goods in stock 各种货物齐备allied company 联营公司alongside delivery 船边交货allowance on sales 销货折口alter an agreement 变约amicable allowance 友好让价amicable settlement 友好解决amount insured 保险金额amount of exports 输出额amount of imports 输入额analysis certificate 化验证书analysis report 化验报告announcing removal 迁移通知annual income 年收入annual interest 年息、年利annual production 年产量annual report 年报、决算书、年度财务报告anticipated buying 预期购买applicant for the credit 信用证申请人application fee 申请费application for conversion 折换申请书application for export permit 出口许可证申请书外货进口报单application for import of foreigngoods管制货物进口申请书application for importation ofcontrolled commoditiesapplication for letter of credit 开发信用证申请书出口押汇申请书application for negotiation ofdraft under letter of creditapplication for outward 舱位申请书remittance for application forspace报关单application to pass goods throughthe customapply by letter 通信申请apply in person 亲自申请apply for a position 申请职位apply for information 探询消息apply for remittance 托汇appointed store 指定商店appreciation of money 货币增值arbitrage of exchange 套汇arbitration clause 仲裁条款arbitration of exchange 汇兑率裁定army supplies 军需品arrival at port 入港arrival notice 到达通知articles made to order 订制品articles of luxury 奢侈品artificial flower 人造花as agreed (contracted) 按照合同as per sample 与样品相同Asian-dollar market 亚洲美元市场ask the price of 询价assignment clause 转让条款assignment of policy 保险单转让assistant manager 协理、副经理as soon as possible shipment 立即送运at a discount 折扣at a premium 超过票面之价值at a profit 获利、赚钱at sight 见票即付、即期at the market 照市价at par 平价auction price 拍卖价authority to purchase 购买委托证authority to pay 委托付款证average cost 平均成本average tare 平均皮重average unit cost 平均单位成本average unit price 平均单价average weight 平均重量award of bid 决标、定标。
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国际贸易英语词汇集锦
trade term / price term 价格术语
world / international market price 国际市场价格FOB (free on board) 离岸价
C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价
CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价
freight 运费
wharfage 码头费
landing charges 卸货费
customs duty 关税
port dues 港口税
import surcharge 进口附加税
import variable duties 进口差价税
commission 佣金
return commission 回佣，回扣
price including commission 含佣价
net price 净价
wholesale price 批发价
discount / allowance 折扣
retail price 零售价
spot price 现货价格
current price 现行价格 / 时价
indicative price 参考价格
customs valuation 海关估价
price list 价目表
total value 总值
贸易保险术语
All Risks 一切险
F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险
W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险
F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险
Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险
Risk of Leakage 渗漏险
Risk of Odor 串味险
Risk of Rust 锈蚀险
Shortage Risk 短缺险
T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险
Strikes Risk *BG*险
贸易机构词汇
WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织
CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会
EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟
AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区
JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定
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