【2】国际体力活动问卷中体力活动水平的计算方法
国际体力活动量表评分标准中文版
类别分数
提出了三个层次的身体活动
1。
低（1类）
这是最低的体力活动水平。
这些人谁不符合标准的类别2或3 AR视为无效。
2。
中等（第2类）
以下3个标准的任何一项
•3天以上，剧烈活动至少20分钟，每天或
•5天以上的至少30分钟中等强度的活动或行走
每天或
5天或以上的任意组合走路，中等强度或剧烈
强度的活动实现最低至少600 MET-min/week。
3。
高（3类）
分为以下2标准的任何一项
•剧烈活动至少3天，累计至少1500 MET-分钟/
一周或
7天或行走的任意组合，中等强度或剧烈
强度的至少3000 MET-minutes/week的取得最低限度的活动
连续得分，
我建议每周MET-分钟被表示为：MET水平x分钟，每周的活动X事件。
请找到确切的数字为每个域和强度的PDF文件的MET值。
IPAQ体力活动问卷及其重测方法解析
体力活动测量技术的金标准—双标 水法( Doubly Labeled Water )
• DLW的原理很简单：受试者摄入一定数量 已知浓度的使用2H和18O两种同位素标记的 双标水(2H218O)。双标水进入人体后均匀的 分布于体内,参与体内的代谢过程。经过一 段时间的代谢,2H 以2H2O 形式从体内消 除,18O以H218O 和C18O2 两种形式消除。
IPAQ体力活动问卷及其重测方 法
学生：储文杰 导师：徐斐
一、体力活动简介
• 1.体力活动（Physical Activity)是指任何由 骨骼肌收缩引起能量消耗的身体活动。一 般可分为职业性体力活动、家务性体力活 动、交通性体力活动和休闲性体力活动四 种。
• 体力活动的内容常用频率（Frequency）、 强度（Intensity）、时间（Time）和活动 类型（Type）来描述，缩写为“FITT”。
• 内容效度是指所选的条目是否能代表所要 测量的内容或主题
• 具体做法是指计算每个条目得分和其所属 领域得分的相关系数。如该系数没有统计 学意义，则说明该条目与该领域关系不大。 相关系数越高，则量表的效度越高。
• 内容效度属于主观指标，其常用的评价方 法是专家法，即请有关专家对问卷题目与 原来的内容范围是否符合进行分析，作出 判断，看问卷题目是否较好地代表了原来 的内容。
• Kappa是评价一致性的测量手段。该检验多 适于无序分类变量资料，包括二分类资料 和多分类资料。
• Kappa检验的使用同样非常广泛。
• 一般通过kappa值来衡量数据的一致性，不 同数值范围的K值表示不同的一致性。
• 2.效度测量
• 效度（validity)又称准确度，用以反映测量 结果与“真值”的接近程度。影响数据效 度的因素多为系统误差。
国际体力活动量表评分标准
Guidelines for Data Processing and Analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)– Short and Long FormsNovember 2005Contents1. Introduction2. Uses of IPAQ Instruments3. Summary Characteristics of Short and Long Forms4. Overview of Continuous and Categorical Analyses of IPAQ5. Protocol for Short Form6. Protocol for Long Form7. Data Processing Rules8. SummaryAlgorithmsAppendix 1. At A Glance IPAQ Scoring Protocol – Short Forms Appendix 2. At A Glance IPAQ Scoring Protocol – Long Forms1. IntroductionThis document describes recommended methods of scoring the data derived from the telephone / interview administered and self-administered IPAQ short and long form instruments. The methods outlined provide a revision to earlier scoring protocols for the IPAQ short form and provide for the first time a comparable scoring method for IPAQ long form. Latest versions of IPAQ instruments are available fromwww.ipaq.ki.se.Although there are many different ways to analyse physical activity data, to date there is no formal consensus on a ‘correct’ method for defining or describing levels of physical activity based on self–report population surveys. The use of different scoring protocols makes it very difficult to compare within and between countries, even when the same instrument has been used. Use of these scoring methods will enhance the comparability between surveys, provided identical sampling and survey methods have been used.2. Uses of IPAQ InstrumentsIPAQ short form is an instrument designed primarily for population surveillance of physical activity among adults. It has been developed and tested for use in adults (age range of 15-69 years) and until further development and testing is undertaken the use of IPAQ with older and younger age groups is not recommended.IPAQ short and long forms are sometimes being used as an evaluation tool in intervention studies, but this was not the intended purpose of IPAQ. Users should carefully note the range of domains and types of activities included in IPAQ before using it in this context. Use as an outcome measure in small scale intervention studies is not recommended.Characteristicsof IPAQ Short and Long Forms3. Summary1. IPAQ assesses physical activity undertaken across a comprehensive set ofdomains including:a. leisure time physical activityb. domestic and gardening (yard) activitiesc. work-related physical activityd. transport-related physical activity;2. Theshort form asks about three specific types of activity undertaken in IPAQthe four domains introduced above. The specific types of activity that areassessed are walking, moderate-intensity activities and vigorous-intensityactivities.3. The items in the short IPAQ form were structured to provide separate scores onwalking, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity activity. Computation of the total score for the short form requires summation of the duration (in minutes)and frequency (days) of walking, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensityactivities. Domain specific estimates cannot be estimated.long form asks details about the specific types of activities IPAQ4. Theundertaken within each of the four domains. Examples include walking fortransportation and moderate-intensity leisure-time activity.5. The items in the long IPAQ form were structured to provide separate domainspecific scores for walking, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity activitywithin each of the work, transportation, domestic chores and gardening (yard) and leisure-time domains. Computation of the total scores for the long formrequires summation of the duration (in minutes) and frequency (days) for all the types of activities in all domains. Domain specific scores or activity specific sub-scores may be calculated. Domain specific scores require summation of thescores for walking, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity activities within the specific domain, whereas activity-specific scores require summation of thescores for the specific type of activity across domains.4. Overview of Continuous and Categorical Analyses of IPAQBoth categorical and continuous indicators of physical activity are possible from both IPAQ forms. However, given the non-normal distribution of energy expenditure in many populations, it is suggested that the continuous indicator be presented as median minutes/week or median MET–minutes/week rather than means (such as mean minutes/week or mean MET-minutes/week).4.1 ContinuousVariablesData collected with IPAQ can be reported as a continuous measure. One measure of the volume of activity can be computed by weighting each type of activity by its energy requirements defined in METs to yield a score in MET–minutes. METs are multiples of the resting metabolic rate and a MET-minute is computed by multiplying the MET score of an activity by the minutes performed. MET-minute scores are equivalent to kilocalories for a 60 kilogram person. Kilocalories may be computed from MET-minutes using the following equation: MET-min x (weight in kilograms/60 kilograms). MET-minutes/day or MET-minutes/week can be presented although the latter is more frequently used and is thus suggested.Details for the computation for summary variables from IPAQ short and long forms are detailed below. As there are no established thresholds for presenting MET-minutes, the IPAQ Research Committee propose that these data are reported as comparisons of median values and interquartile ranges for different populations.4.2 Categorical Variable: Rationale for Cut Point ValuesThere are three levels of physical activity proposed to classify populations:1. Low2. Moderate3. HighThe algorithms for the short and long forms are defined in more detail in Sections 5.3 and 6.3, respectively. Rules for data cleaning and processing prior to computing the algorithms appear in Section 7.Regular participation is a key concept included in current public health guidelines for physical activity.1 Therefore, both the total volume and the number of days/sessions are included in the IPAQ analysis algorithms.The criteria for these levels have been set taking into account that IPAQ asks questions in all domains of daily life, resulting in higher median MET-minutes estimates than would have been estimated from leisure-time participation alone. The criteria for these three levels are shown below.Given that measures such as IPAQ assess total physical activity in all domains, the “leisure time physical activity” based public health recommendation of 30 minutes on most days will be achieved by most adults in a population. Although widely accepted as a goal, in absolute terms 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity is low and broadly equivalent to the background or basal levels of activity adult individuals would accumulate in a day. Therefore a new, higher cutpoint is needed to describe the levels of physical activity associated with health benefits for measures such as IPAQ, which report on a broad range of domains of physical activity.‘High’This category was developed to describe higher levels of participation. Although it is known that greater health benefits are associated with increased levels of activity there is no consensus on the exact amount of activity for maximal benefit. In the absence of any established criteria, the IPAQ Research Committee proposes a measure which equates to approximately at least one hour per day or more, of at least moderate-intensity activity above the basal level of physical activity Considering that basal activity may be considered to be equivalent to approximately 5000 steps per day, it is proposed that “high active” category be considered as those who move at least 12,500 steps per day, or the equivalent in moderate and vigorous activities. This represents at least an hour more moderate-intensity activity over and above the basal level of activity, or half an hour of vigorous-intensity activity over and above basal levels daily. These calculations were based on emerging results of pedometers studies.2This category provides a higher threshold of measures of total physical activity and is a useful mechanism to distinguish variation in population groups. Also it could be used to set population targets for health-enhancing physical activity when multi-domain instruments, such as IPAQ are used.1Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, Haskell WL , Macera CA, Bouchard C et al. Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. Journal of American Medical Association 1995; 273(5):402-7. and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, The Presidents' Council on Physical Fitness and Sports: Atlanta, GA:USA. 1996.2 Tudor-Locke C, Bassett DR Jr. How many steps/day are enough? Preliminary pedometer indices for public health. Sports Med. 2004;34(1):1-8.‘Moderate’This category is defined as doing some activity, more than the low active category. It is proposed that it is a level of activity equivalent to “half an hour of at least moderate-intensity PA on most days”, the former leisure time-based physical activity population health recommendation.‘Low’This category is simply defined as not meeting any of the criteria for either of the previous categories.5. Protocol for IPAQ Short Form5.1 ContinuousScoresMedian values and interquartile ranges can be computed for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), vigorous-intensity activities (V) and a combined total physical activity score. All continuous scores are expressed in MET-minutes/week as defined below.5.2 MET Values and Formula for Computation of MET-minutes/weekThe selected MET values were derived from work undertaken during the IPAQ Reliability Study undertaken in 2000-20013. Using the Ainsworth et al. Compendium (Med Sci Sports Med 2000) an average MET score was derived for each type of activity. For example; all types of walking were included and an average MET value for walking was created. The same procedure was undertaken for moderate-intensity activities and vigorous-intensity activities. The following values continue to be used for the analysis of IPAQ data: Walking = 3.3 METs, Moderate PA = 4.0 METs and Vigorous PA = 8.0 METs. Using these values, four continuous scores are defined: Walking MET-minutes/week = 3.3 * walking minutes * walking daysModerate MET-minutes/week = 4.0 * moderate-intensity activity minutes * moderate daysVigorous MET-minutes/week = 8.0 * vigorous-intensity activity minutes * vigorous-intensity daysTotal physical activity MET-minutes/week = sum of Walking + Moderate + Vigorous MET-minutes/week scores.5.3 Categorical ScoreCategory 1 LowThis is the lowest level of physical activity. Those individuals who not meet criteria for Categories 2 or 3 are considered to have a ‘low’ physical activity level.3 Craig CL,Marshall A , Sjostrom M et al. International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12 country reliability and validity Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;AugustCategory 2 ModerateThe pattern of activity to be classified as ‘moderate’ is either of the following criteria:a) 3 or more days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 minutes per dayORb) 5 or more days of moderate-intensity activity and/or walking of at least 30minutes per dayORc) 5 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity or vigorousintensity activities achieving a minimum Total physical activity of at least 600MET-minutes/week.Individuals meeting at least one of the above criteria would be defined as accumulating a minimum level of activity and therefore be classified as ‘moderate’. See Section 7.5 for information about combining days across categories.Category 3 HighA separate category labelled ‘high’can be computed to describe higher levels of participation.The two criteria for classification as ‘high’ are:a) vigorous-intensity activity on at least 3 days achieving a minimum Totalphysical activity of at least 1500 MET-minutes/weekORb) 7 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity orvigorous-intensity activities achieving a minimum Total physical activityof at least 3000 MET-minutes/week.See Section 7.5 for information about combining days across categories.in IPAQ Short Form5.4 SittingQuestionThe IPAQ sitting question is an additional indicator variable of time spent in sedentary activity and is not included as part of any summary score of physical activity. Data on sitting should be reported as median values and interquartile ranges. To-date there are few data on sedentary (sitting) behaviours and no well-accepted thresholds for data presented as categorical levels.6. Protocol for IPAQ Long FormThe long form of IPAQ asks in detail about walking, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity in each of the four domains. Note: asking more detailed questions regarding physical activity within domains is likely to produce higher prevalence estimates than the more generic IPAQ short form.6.1 ContinuousScoreData collected with the IPAQ long form can be reported as a continuous measure and reported as median MET-minutes. Median values and interquartile ranges can be computed for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V) within each domain using the formulas below. Total scores may also be calculated for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V); for each domain (work, transport, domestic and garden, and leisure) and for an overall grand total.6.2 MET Values and Formula for Computation of MET-minutesWork DomainWalking MET-minutes/week at work = 3.3 * walking minutes * walking days at workModerate MET-minutes/week at work= 4.0 * moderate-intensity activity minutes * moderate-intensity days at workVigorous MET-minutes/week at work= 8.0 * vigorous-intensity activity minutes * vigorous-intensity days at workTotal Work MET-minutes/week =sum of Walking + Moderate + Vigorous MET-minutes/week scores at work.Active Transportation DomainWalking MET-minutes/week for transport = 3.3 * walking minutes * walking days for transportation Cycle MET-minutes/week for transport= 6.0 * cycling minutes * cycle days for transportationTotal Transport MET-minutes/week = sum of Walking + Cycling MET-minutes/week scores for transportation.Domestic and Garden [Yard Work] DomainVigorous MET-minutes/week yard chores= 5.5 * vigorous-intensity activity minutes * vigorous-intensity days doing yard work (Note: the MET value of 5.5 indicates that vigorous garden/yard work should be considered a moderate-intensity activity for scoring and computing total moderate intensity activities.)Moderate MET-minutes/week yard chores= 4.0 * moderate-intensity activity minutes * moderate-intensity days doing yard workModerate MET-minutes/week inside chores= 3.0* moderate-intensity activity minutes * moderate-intensity days doing inside chores.Total Domestic and Garden MET-minutes/week =sum of Vigorous yard + Moderate yard + Moderate inside chores MET-minutes/week scores.Leisure-Time DomainWalking MET-minutes/week leisure = 3.3 * walking minutes * walking days in leisureModerate MET-minutes/week leisure = 4.0 * moderate-intensity activity minutes * moderate-intensity days in leisureVigorous MET-minutes/week leisure = 8.0 * vigorous-intensity activity minutes * vigorous-intensity days in leisureTotal Leisure-Time MET-minutes/week = sum of Walking + Moderate + Vigorous MET-minutes/week scores in leisure.Total Scores for all Walking, Moderate and Vigorous Physical ActivitiesTotal Walking MET-minutes/week = Walking MET-minutes/week (at Work + for Transport + in Leisure) Total Moderate MET-minutes/week total = Moderate MET-minutes/week (at Work + Yard chores + inside chores + in Leisure time) + Cycling Met-minutes/week for Transport + Vigorous Yard chores MET-minutes/weekTotal Vigorous MET-minutes/week = Vigorous MET-minutes/week (at Work + in Leisure)Note: Cycling MET value and Vigorous garden/yard work MET value fall within the coding range of moderate-intensity activities.Total Physical Activity ScoresAn overall total physical activity MET-minutes/week score can be computed as:Total physical activity MET-minutes/week = sum of Total (Walking + Moderate + Vigorous) MET-minutes/week scores.This is equivalent to computing:Total physical activity MET-minutes/week = sum of Total Work + Total Transport + Total Domestic and Garden + Total Leisure-Time MET-minutes/week scores.As there are no established thresholds for presenting MET-minutes, the IPAQ Research Committee proposes that these data are reported as comparisons of median values and interquartile ranges for different populations.Score6.3 CategoricalAs noted earlier, regular participation is a key concept included in current public health guidelines for physical activity.4 Therefore, both the total volume and the number of day/sessions are included in the IPAQ analysis algorithms. There are three levels of physical activity proposed to classify populations – ‘low’, ’moderate’, and ‘high’. The criteria for these levels are the same as for the IPAQ short [described earlier in Section 4.2]Category 1 LowThis is the lowest level of physical activity. Those individuals who not meet criteria for Categories 2 or 3 are considered ‘low’.Category 2 ModerateThe pattern of activity to be classified as ‘moderate’ is either of the following criteria:d) 3 or more days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 minutes per dayORe) 5 or more days of moderate-intensity activity and/or walking of at least 30minutes per dayOR4Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, Haskell WL , Macera CA, Bouchard C et al. Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. Journal of American Medical Association 1995; 273(5):402-7. and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, The Presidents' Council on Physical Fitness and Sports: Atlanta, GA:USA. 1996.f) 5 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity or vigorous-intensity activities achieving a minimum Total physical activity of at least 600 MET-minutes/week.Individuals meeting at least one of the above criteria would be defined as accumulating a moderate level of activity. See Section 7.5 for information about combining days across categories.Category 3 HighA separate category labelled ‘high’can be computed to describe higher levels of participation.The two criteria for classification as ‘high’ are:a) vigorous-intensity activity on at least 3 days achieving a minimum Totalphysical activity of at least 1500 MET-minutes/weekORb) 7 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity orvigorous-intensity activities achieving a minimum Total physical activityof at least 3000 MET-minutes/week.See Section 7.5 for information about combining days across categories.6.4 IPAQ Sitting Question IPAQ Long FormThe IPAQ sitting question is an additional indicator variable and is not included as part of any summary score of physical activity. To-date there are few data on sedentary (sitting) behaviours and no well-accepted thresholds for data presented as categorical levels. For the sitting question ‘Minutes’ is used as the indicator to reflect time spent in sitting rather than MET-minutes which would suggest an estimate of energy expenditure.IPAQ long assesses an estimate of sitting on a typical weekday, weekend day and time spent sitting during travel (see transport domain questions).Summary sitting variables includeSitting Total Minutes/week = weekday sitting minutes* 5 weekdays + weekend day sitting minutes* 2 weekend daysAverage Sitting Total Minutes/day = (weekday sitting minutes* 5 weekdays + weekend day sitting minutes* 2 weekend days) / 7Note: The above calculation of ‘Sitting Total’ excludes time spent sitting during travel because the introduction in IPAQ long directs the responder to NOT include this component as it would have already been captured under the Transport section. If a summary sitting variable including time spent sitting for transport is required, it should be calculated by adding the time reported (travelling in a motor vehicle) under transport to the above formula. Care should be taken in reporting these alternate data to clearly distinguish the ‘total sitting’ variable from a ‘total sitting – including transport’ variable.7. Data Processing RulesIn addition to a standardized approach to computing categorical and continuous measures of physical activity, it is necessary to undertake standard methods for the cleaning and treatment of IPAQ datasets. The use of different approaches and rules would introduce variability and reduce the comparability of data.There are no established rules for data cleaning and processing on physical activity. Thus, to allow more accurate comparisons across studies IPAQ Research Committee has established and recommends the following guidelines:7.1 Data CleaningI. Any responses to duration (time) provided in the hours and minutes responseoption should be converted from hours and minutes into minutes.II. To ensure that responses in ‘minutes’ were not entered in the ‘hours’ column by mistake during self-completion or during data entry process, values of ‘15’, ‘30’, ‘45’, ‘60’ and ‘90’ in the ‘hours’ column should be converted to ‘15’, ‘30’, ‘45’, ‘60’ and ‘90’ minutes, respectively, in the minutes column.III. In some cases duration (time) will be reported as weekly (not daily) e.g., VWHRS, VWMINS. These data should be converted into an average daily time by dividing by 7.IV. If ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused ‘ or data are missing for time or days then that case is removed from analysis.Note: Both the number of days and daily time are required for the creation of categorical andcontinuous summary variables7.2 Maximum Values for Excluding OutliersThis rule is to exclude data which are unreasonably high; these data are to be considered outliers and thus are excluded from analysis. All cases in which the sum total of all Walking, Moderate and Vigorous time variables is greater than 960 minutes (16 hours) should be excluded from the analysis.This assumes that on average an individual of 8 hours per day is spent sleeping.The ‘days’ variables can take the range 0-7 days, or 8, 9 (don’t know or refused); values greater than 9 should not be allowed and those cases excluded from analysis.7.3 Minimum Values for Duration of ActivityOnly values of 10 or more minutes of activity should be included in the calculation of summary scores. The rationale being that the scientific evidence indicates that episodes or bouts of at least 10 minutes are required to achieve health benefits. Responses of less than 10 minutes [and their associated days] should be re-coded to ‘zero’.7.4 Truncation of Data RulesThis rule attempts to normalize the distribution of levels of activity which are usually skewed in national or large population data sets.In IPAQ short - it is recommended that all Walking, Moderate and Vigorous time variables exceeding ‘ 3 hours’ or ‘180 minutes’ are truncated (that is re-coded) to be equal to ‘180 minutes’ in a new variable. This rule permits a maximum of 21 hours of activity in a week to be reported for each category (3 hours * 7 days).In IPAQ long – the truncation process is more complicated, but to be consistent with the approach for IPAQ short requires that the variables total Walking, total Moderate-intensity and total Vigorous-intensity activity are calculated and then, for each of these summed behaviours, the total value should be truncated to 3 hours (180 minutes).When analysing the data as categorical variable or presenting median and interquartile ranges of the MET-minute scores, the application of the truncation rule will not affect the results. This rule does have the important effect of preventing misclassification in the ‘high’ category. For example, an individual who reports walking for 10 minutes on 6 days and 12 hours of moderate activity on one day could be coded as ‘high’ because this pattern meets the ‘7 day” and “3000 MET-min” criteria for ‘high’. However, this uncommon pattern of activity is unlikely to yield the health benefits that the ‘high’ category is intended to represent.Although using median is recommended due to the skewed distribution of scores, if IPAQ data are analysed and presented as a continuous variable using mean values, the application of the truncation rule will produce slightly lower mean values than would otherwise be obtained.MET-minute/week Scores7.5 CalculatingData processing rules 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4 deals first with excluding outlier data, then secondly, with recoding minimum values and then finally dealing with high values. These rules will ensure that highly active people remain classified as ‘high’, while decreasing the chances that less active individuals are misclassified and coded as‘high’.Using the resulting variables, convert time and days to MET-minute/week scores [see above Sections 5.2 and 6.2; METS x days x daily time].7.6 Calculating Total Days for Presenting Categorical Data on Moderate andHigh LevelsPresenting IPAQ data using categorical variables requires the total number of ‘days’ on which all physical activity was undertaken to be assessed. This is difficult because frequency in ‘days’ is asked separately for walking, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity activities, thus allowing the total number of ‘days’ to range from a minimumof 0 to a maximum of 21’days’ per week in IPAQ short and higher in IPAQ long. The IPAQ instrument does not record if different types of activity are undertaken on the same day.In calculating ‘moderately active’, the primary requirement is to identify those individuals who undertake activity on at least ‘5 days’/week [see Sections 4.2 and5.3]. Individuals who meet this criterion should be coded in a new variable called “at least five days” and this variable should be used to identify those meeting criterion b) at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity and/or walking; and those meeting criterion c) any combination of walking, moderate-intensity or vigorous-intensity activities achieving a minimum of 600 MET-minutes/week.Below are two examples showing this coding in practice:i) an individual who reports ‘2 days of moderate-intensity’ and ‘3 days of walking’should be coded as a value indicating “at least five days”;ii) an individual reporting ‘2 days of vigorous-intensity’, ‘2 days of moderate-intensity’ and ‘2 days of walking should be coded as a value to indicate “atleast five days” [even though the actual total is 6].The original frequency of ‘days’ for each type of activity should remain in the data file for use in the other calculations.The same approach as described above is used to calculate total days for computing the ‘high’category. The primary requirement according to the stated criteria is to identify those individuals who undertake a combination of walking, moderate-intensity and or vigorous-intensity activity on at least 7 days/week [See section 4.2]. Individuals who meet this criterion should be coded as a value in a new variable to reflect “at least 7 days”.Below are two examples showing this coding in practice:i) an individual who reports ‘4 days of moderate-intensity’ and ‘3 days of walking’should be coded as the new variable “at least 7 days”.ii) an individual reporting ‘3 days of vigorous-intensity’, ‘3 days moderate-intensity’ and ‘3 days walking’ should be coded as “at least 7 days” [eventhough the total adds to 9] .algorithms8. SummaryThe algorithms in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2 to this document show how these rules work in an analysis plan, to develop the categories 1 [Low], 2 [Moderate], and 3 [High] levels of activity.IPAQ Research CommitteeNovember 2005。
ipaq问卷评分标准
ipaq问卷评分标准
IPAQ问卷是一种用于评估个人体力活动水平的工具，其评分标准主要基于
问卷中的问题来进行。
具体来说，IPAQ问卷会询问个人在过去的7天内，分别在强度较大的体育
活动、适度的体育活动、步行以及坐姿状态下所花费的时间。
根据这些信息，可以计算出个人的体力活动总量（MET-minutes/week），具体计算方法
如下：
1. 强度较大的体育活动：将个人在强度较大的体育活动中所花费的时间（分钟）乘以相应的强度系数（7-12METs），然后加总得到该部分的活动量。
2. 适度的体育活动：将个人在适度的体育活动中所花费的时间（分钟）乘以相应的强度系数（3-6METs），然后加总得到该部分的活动量。
3. 步行：将个人在步行中所花费的时间（分钟）乘以相应的强度系数（），然后加总得到该部分的活动量。
4. 坐姿状态：将个人在坐姿状态下所花费的时间（分钟）乘以相应的强度系数（），然后加总得到该部分的活动量。
最后，将以上四部分的活动量相加，即可得到个人的体力活动总量（MET-minutes/week）。
根据这个数值，可以将个人的体力活动水平分为以下几个等级：
低水平：<600MET-minutes/week
中等水平：MET-minutes/week
高等水平：>3000MET-minutes/week
需要注意的是，以上评分标准仅供参考，具体的评分标准可能因不同的研究或调查而有所差异。
国际体力活动量表IPAQ中文版短卷和长卷及评分标准
1、最近7天内，您有几天做了剧烈的体育活动，像是提重物、挖掘、有氧运动或是快速骑车？每周天□无相关体育活动→跳到问题32、在这其中一天您通常会花多少时间在剧烈的体育活动上？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定3、最近7天内，您有几天做了适度的体育活动，像是提轻的物品、以平常的速度骑车或打双人网球？请不要包括走路。
每周天□无适度体育活动→跳到问题54、在这其中一天您通常会花多少时间在适度的体育活动上？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定5、最近7天内，您有几天是步行，且一次步行至少10分钟？每周天□没有步行→跳到问题76、在这其中一天您通常花多少时间在步行上？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定7、最近七天内，工作日您有多久时间是坐着的？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定请回顾一下过去7天您的体力情况，包括日常工作、日常生活、日常交通、运动锻炼以及休闲运动的情况。
请考虑一下过去7天内您所从事的体力活动的情况（重体力活动是指那些让您的呼吸心跳明显加快的活动，中度体力活动是指那些让您呼吸心跳略微加快的活动。
）第一部分：日常工作1、您目前是否外出工作？□是□否→跳至第二部分：日常交通2、在过去7天内，您在工作中有几天参加了重体力活动（如搬运重物、挖掘、爬楼梯等）且持续时间超过十分钟？（注意不包括工作以外的活动）天╱周□无工作相关重体力活动→跳至问题43、在工作中每天花多长时间进行重体力活动？小时╱天分钟╱天4、在过去7天内，您在工作中有几天参加了中度体力活动（如提拎小型物品等），且持续时间超过10分钟（注意不包括工作以外的活动）？天╱周□无工作相关中体力活动→跳至问题65、在工作中每天花多长时间进行中体力活动？小时╱天分钟╱天6、在过去7天内，您有几天工作中步行时间持续超过10分钟（注意不包括上下班路上的步行时间）？天╱周□无工作相关的步行→跳至第二部分：日常交通7、在工作中每天花多长时间步行？小时╱天分钟╱天第二部分：日常交通8、在过去7天内，您有几天乘车外出？天╱周□未乘车外出→跳至问题109、每天乘车花多长时间？小时╱天分钟╱天10、在过去7天内，您有几天骑自行车外出，且持续时间超过10分钟？天╱周□未骑自行车外出→跳至问题1211、每天骑自行车花多长时间？小时╱天分钟╱天12、在过去7天内，您有几天步行外出，且持续时间超过10分钟？天╱周□未步行外出→跳至第三部分13、每天步行花多长时间？小时╱天分钟╱天第三部分：日常生活本部分涉及您工作之余所进行的家务劳动及日常生活，如清洁卫生、整理房间、做饭洗衣、照顾婴幼儿等。
国际体力活动问卷中体力活动水平的计算方法
国际体力活动问卷中体力活动水平的计算
方法
国际体力活动问卷(International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ)是用来评估个体体力活动水平的工具。
它包含7个部分，分别是体力活动时间、走路时间、运动时间、自行车时间、高强度体力活动时间、体力活动的次数和强度。
体力活动水平的计算方法为：根据问卷中记录的每种体力活动的时间，分别乘以对应的计算系数，再求和得到总的体力活动量，再除以总的时间得到体力活动水平。
具体计算方法如下：
体力活动水平(MET) = (体力活动的时间x 计算系数) ÷总的时间
其中，体力活动的时间是指在回答问卷中提到的每种体力活动的时间，计算系数是指每种体力活动对应的计算系数，总的时间是指回答问卷中提到的每种体力活动的总时间。
例如，如果一个人在回答问卷中提到了走路1小时、运动0.5小时、自行车0.5小时、高强度体力活动0.5小时，那么他的体力活动水平可以用如下公式计算：
体力活动水平(MET) = (1 x 3 + 0.5 x 8 + 0.5 x 8 + 0.5 x 8) ÷(1 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5)
= (3 + 4 + 4 + 4) ÷2.5
= 15= 6 MET
国际体力活动问卷(IPAQ)中计算系数的具体值如下表所示：
体力活动类型计算系数
走路3
运动8
自行车8
高强度体力活动8
通过使用这些计算系数，可以得出每种体力活动对应的体力活动水平(MET)值，再将这些值相加，得出总的体力活动水平。
通常情况下，体力活动水平在3 MET以上即被认为是较高的体力活动水平，可以帮助促进身体健康。
体力活动推荐量及评价标准
体力活动推荐量及评价标准
栾德春（综述）;马冠生（综述）
【期刊名称】《国外医学：卫生学分册》
【年(卷),期】2006(033)003
【摘要】随着科学技术的发展，新技术、新设备的应用，机动车辆使用的增加，人们的职业劳动强度降低，久坐少动生活方式增加，体力活动水平逐渐降低。
体力活动不足是心血管疾病、糖尿病、肥胖等的主要危险因素之一，因此，许多国家颁布了国家体力活动指南，评价居民体力活动水平，制定体力活动推荐量，以增加人们的体力活动，促进健康。
我国还没有自己的体力活动推荐量，本文就国际上的体力活动推荐量及评价标准进行综述，为研究中国居民体力活动水平、制定体力活动推荐量及评价标准提供资料。
【总页数】5页(P161-165)
【作者】栾德春（综述）;马冠生（综述）
【作者单位】中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所,北京100050
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】R151
【相关文献】
1.体力活动集体咨询对大学生抑郁水平及其体力活动的影响 [J], 张亭
2.国际体力活动问卷与加速度传感器的比较研究——以测量大学生体力活动为例[J], 徐逊欢;王超
3.体力活动相对活跃2型糖尿病患者心肺耐力与不同类型体力活动的相关性 [J], 刘淑芬;全建东;张路;赵肖奕;陈丽霞;李文慧
4.国际体力活动问卷在2型糖尿病患者体力活动调查中的适用性分析 [J], 杨展;左满芳;王艳
5.体力活动划分:不同类型体力活动的代谢当量及体力活动的分级 [J], 赵文华;丛琳因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
体力状态评分标准
体力状态评分标准体力状态评分是对个人体力状况的综合评价，通过评分可以了解一个人的身体健康程度、体能水平以及可能存在的潜在问题。
合理的体力状态评分标准可以帮助人们更好地了解自己的身体状况，有针对性地进行体育锻炼和健身训练。
下面是一个针对成人的体力状态评分标准：一、体重指数（BMI）：BMI是评估身体质量及肥胖程度的一个指标。
计算公式为：体重（kg）/ 身高（m）的平方。
根据BMI指数，将体重分为以下几个等级：-偏瘦：BMI＜18.5-正常：18.5≤BMI＜24-超重：24≤BMI＜28-肥胖：BMI≥28二、静息心率：静息心率是指身体没有进行任何负荷的情况下的心率。
测量静息心率可以评估心血管系统的健康状况。
常规范围为每分钟60-100次，如果静息心率低于60次/分钟，可能存在心脏问题。
三、肺活量：肺活量是指一个人在深吸气的情况下，能够呼出的最大容积。
男性和女性的肺活量标准有所不同，一般根据年龄和性别来进行评估。
四、身体灵活性：身体灵活性是指肌肉和关节的活动范围。
可以通过一些灵活性测试来评估身体的灵活性，如坐位体前屈、肩关节灵活度等。
五、身体力量：身体力量是指肌肉的力量和耐力。
可以通过一些操作能力和力量测试来评估身体力量，如俯卧撑、引体向上、硬拉等。
六、身体耐力：身体耐力是指持续进行高强度身体活动的能力。
可以通过一些耐力测试来评估身体的耐力水平，如长跑、蛙跳、登山机等。
七、爆发力与速度：爆发力与速度是指肌肉瞬间发力的能力，以及完成一些动作所需要的时间。
可以通过一些爆发力和速度测试来评估身体的爆发力与速度，如立定跳远、短跑等。
根据以上评分标准，可以根据个人的数据进行评估，得出相应的体力状态评分。
有针对性地进行体育锻炼和健身训练可以帮助改善体力状态，提高身体健康水平。
但需要注意的是，每个人的身体情况和目标不同，应根据个体差异进行评估，找到适合自己的锻炼方式，合理安排锻炼计划。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
国际体力活动问卷（IPAQ）［1］是目前公认有效、且在国际上较为广泛使用的成年人（15～69岁）体力活动水平测量问卷之一，分为短卷和长卷2个版本，已用于中国人群研究，经检验具有较好的效度与信度［2-5］。
问卷开发工作组公开发布了长卷和短卷的数据清理、体力活动水平计算和分组原则［6］，但由于语言障碍以及方案中对计算方法的表述不够清楚，不同使用者在数据分析时因理解不同可能会采用不同的处理方法，因此影响结果的可比性。
本文介绍IPAQ长卷和短卷的体力活动水平计算方法，方便我国学者使用。
基本原理IPAQ长卷共27道问题，其中25道询问个体的体力活动情况，2道询问个体的静坐情况。
体力活动情况主要由活动类型（工作、交通出行、家务园艺、休闲）和活动强度（步行及中等、高强度）构成。
依次询问个体过去7d内与工作、交通出行、家务园艺和休闲相关的体力活动。
在每类活动中，进一步询问3种不同强度体力活动的1周频率（d/w）和每天累计时间（min/d）。
表1展示了IPAQ长卷中各项体力活动的属性及其代谢当量（MET）赋值。
IPAQ短卷共7道问题，其中6道询问个体的体力活动情况。
问题结构与长卷相同，仅保留活动强度的部分。
短卷仅简单地分步行、中等强度和高强度询问不同强度活动的1周频率和每天累计时间，但在各强度中调查对象仍然需要综合考虑上述4类体力活动。
IPAQ 短卷中步行的MET赋值为3.3，中等强度活动的赋值为4.0，高强度活动的赋值为8.0。
DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2014.08.019基金项目：国家自然科学基金（81072373）作者单位：100191北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系通信作者：何平平，Email：hepingping74@ ·基础理论与方法·国际体力活动问卷中体力活动水平的计算方法樊萌语吕筠何平平【导读】介绍国际体力活动问卷（IPAQ）长卷和短卷的结构、数据清理原则、体力活动水平计算方法和分组标准。
通过实例分析，示范IPAQ长卷的具体计算过程。
【关键词】体力活动；国际体力活动问卷Chinese guidelines for data processing and analysis concerning the International PhysicalActivity Questionnaire Fan Mengyu，Lyu Jun，He Pingping.Department of Epidemiology andBiostatistics，School of Public Health，Peking University，Beijing100191，ChinaCorresponding author：He Pingping，Email：hepingping74@This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.81072373）.【Introduction】To introduce standard methods of scoring the data derived from both short andlong form instruments of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire（IPAQ）.The introductionpart consists of a set of domains which include the structure of questionnaire，principles of datacleaning，calculation methods and grouping rules.Through practical experience，a specific calculationprocess of IPAQ-long based on the standard methods was showed.【Key words】Physical activity；International Physical Activity Questionnaire表1IPAQ长卷中各项体力活动属性及其MET赋值体力活动类型工作相关交通出行相关家务园艺相关休闲相关体力活动项目步行中等强度高强度步行骑车中等强度户内家务中等强度户外家务高强度户外家务步行中等强度高强度体力活动强度步行中等高步行中等中等中等中等步行中等高MET赋值3.34.08.03.36.03.04.05.53.34.08.01.数据清理和异常值剔除原则：首先，各项活动的每天累计时间均需转化为分钟。
任何活动频率或时间数据有缺失者不纳入分析。
假定每人每天至少有8h睡眠时间，如果个体报告的全部11项体力活动（长卷）或3种强度的体力活动（短卷）的每天累计时间总和超过960min（16h），则此人不纳入分析。
假定每次至少连续10min的体力活动才能获得健康收益，如果个体报告的某项（长卷）或某个强度（短卷）的体力活动每天累计时间不足10min，则将该时间和对应的每周频率重新编码为“0”。
2.数据截断原则：在短卷中，如果某种强度体力活动的每天时间超过3h，则重新编码为180min。
该原则允许每种强度的体力活动每周最多报告21h （1260min）。
这种处理可以有效地避免将部分个体错分到“高”组（表2）。
例如，某人报告在过去的7d 内，6d有步行活动，每天10min；另有1d参加了中等强度的体力活动，累计12h。
如果不做任何截断处理，按照表2的分组标准，该个体会被划分为“高”体力活动水平。
但是，与规律的高体力活动水平相比，这种偶尔的、单次较大剂量的活动不会产生相同的健康收益。
对于IPAQ长卷，IPAQ工作组建议遵从短卷的原则对异常高值进行截断处理。
然而，长卷是按照体力活动项目询问频率和时间，且后续数据分析仍需按照体力活动项目进行；每种强度的体力活动按180min截断，具体如何分配到每个活动项目上，IPAQ工作组并未给出明确说明，仅建议根据具体研究目的自行确定、在论文中报告处理办法即可。
以下处理办法可供参考选择。
首先，如果个体报告的任何一项活动的每天时间超过180min，则按180min截断处理（第一次截断）。
在此基础上，计算每项活动的每周累计时间（1周频率乘以每天时间）；将相同强度的各项活动的每周累计时间相加，如果超过21h（1260min），则将该强度活动的每周累计时间重新编码为1260min（第二次截断）。
3.计算体力活动水平：IPAQ工作组推荐计算个体每周体力活动水平（MET-min/w），报告人群体力活动水平的M和四分位数。
对于IPAQ短卷，个体每周从事某种强度体力活动水平为：该体力活动对应的MET赋值×每周频率（d/w）×每天时间（min/d）。
3种强度体力活动水平相加即为总体力活动水平。
对于IPAQ长卷，如果个体数据无需进行截断或仅进行了第一次截断处理，则个体每周从事某项体力活动水平为：该项体力活动对应的MET赋值（表1）×每周频率（d/w）×每天时间（min/d）。
其中，对于进行了第一次截断处理的活动记录，每天时间是截断后的180min。
在此基础上可参照表1中的分类计算每周4种不同类型的体力活动水平、3种不同强度的体力活动水平以及总体力活动水平。
如果个体报告的某强度活动的每周累计时间进行了第二次截断处理（重新编码为1260min），则体力活动水平计算方法参照短卷（对应强度活动的MET赋值×1260min/w）。
该个体报告的其他强度活动数据，如果未进行第二次截断处理，则仍沿用长卷的分项目计算方法，先计算某项体力活动水平，再参照表1计算对应强度体力活动水平。
有时，研究者需要分别计算4种不同类型体力活动的活动水平，对于上述经过第二次截断处理的个体数据，很难再把截断后的时间分配到每项体力活动上。
这时建议直接用第一次截断处理后的数据分项目计算体力活动水平，再分类型加和即可。
需要注意的是，以上述原则计算时各类型体力活动水平包含了异常高值的个体活动水平，故3种强度活动水平的加和＜4种类型活动水平的加和。
研究者在报告总体力活动水平时应以3种强度活动水平的加和为准。
4.体力活动水平分组：IPAQ工作组推荐根据一定的标准将个体体力活动水平划分为低、中和高3组（表2）。
由于个体的健康收益来自于规律的体力活动，因此，在分组标准中不仅要考虑总的体力活动水平，还要考虑1周频率和每天时间。
IPAQ问卷涉及日常生活中各个领域的体力活动，所以估计的体力活动水平要比单纯询问休闲时间体育锻炼的调查高。
如果仍然参照常见指南中“每周至少5d，每天至少锻炼30min”的标准进行分组，大多数成年人都能达到标准。
因此，IPAQ工作组推荐的分组标准要更高。
表2个体体力活动水平分组标准分组高中低标准满足下述2条标准中任何1条：1.各类高强度体力活动合计≥3d，且每周总体力活动水平≥1500MET-min/w2.3种强度的体力活动合计≥7d，且每周总体力活动水平≥3000MET-min/w 满足下述3条标准中任何1条：1.满足每天至少20min的各类高强度体力活动，合计≥3d2.满足每天至少30min的各类中等强度和/或步行类活动，合计≥5d3.3种强度的体力活动合计≥5d，且每周总体力活动水平≥600MET-min/w 满足下述2条标准中任何1条：1.没有报告任何活动2.报告了一些活动，但是尚不满足上述中、高分组标准应用IPAQ标准进行分组时，需要计算不同强度活动的1周累计天数。
需要说明的是，IPAQ长卷中针对不同体力活动项目分别询问1周频率，未区分不同活动是否发生在同一天。
这就导致询问的11项体力活动（表1）的1周累计天数，最小可以为0d （个体未报告任何活动）；最大可以为77d（每项活动都报告7d）。
而在IPAQ短卷中，3种强度活动的1周累计天数，最小为0d，最大为21d。
对于划分“中”等水平体力活动的第一条标准，如果个体报告的任何一项高强度活动满足1周≥3d 且每天≥20min，则满足该条标准。
IPAQ长卷调查的11项体力活动中（表1），在工作相关和休闲相关的2类活动中各包括一项高强度活动。
如果某个体报告工作相关的高强度活动1周1d且每天30min，另报告休闲相关的高强度活动1周2d且每天20min，则该名个体满足每天至少20min的各类高强度体力活动合计为3d，同样满足该条标准。
如果某个体报告工作相关的高强度活动1周2d且每天30min，另报告休闲相关的高强度活动1周5d且每天10min，则该名个体满足每天至少20min的各类高强度体力活动合计只有2d，不满足该条标准。