最常用地质矿产专业英语词汇
矿业地质专业英语词汇大全
1 总论采矿mining地下采矿underground mining露天采矿open cut mining, open pit mining, surface mining采矿工程mining engineering选矿（学）mineral dressing, ore beneficiation, mineral processing 矿物工程mineral engineering冶金（学）metallurgy过程冶金（学）process metallurgy提取冶金（学）extractive metallurgy化学冶金（学）chemical metallurgy物理冶金（学）physical metallurgy金属学Metallkunde冶金过程物理化学physical chemistry of process metallurgy冶金反应工程学metallurgical reaction engineering冶金工程metallurgical engineering钢铁冶金（学）ferrous metallurgy, metallurgy of iron and steel有色冶金(学)nonferrous metallurgy真空冶金(学)vacuum metallurgy等离子冶金(学)plasma metallurgy微生物冶金(学)microbial metallurgy喷射冶金(学)injection metallurgy钢包冶金(学)ladle metallurgy二次冶金(学)secondary metallurgy机械冶金(学)mechanical metallurgy焊接冶金(学)welding metallurgy粉末冶金(学)powder metallurgy铸造学foundry火法冶金(学)pyrometallurgy湿法冶金(学)hydrometallurgy电冶金(学)electrometallurgy氯冶金(学)chlorine metallurgy矿物资源综合利用engineering of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources中国金属学会The Chinese Society for Metals中国有色金属学会The Nonferrous Metals Society of China2 采矿采矿工艺mining technology有用矿物valuable mineral冶金矿产原料metallurgical mineral raw materials矿床mineral deposit特殊采矿specialized mining海洋采矿oceanic mining, marine mining矿田mine field矿山mine露天矿山surface mine地下矿山underground mine矿井shaft矿床勘探mineral deposit exploration矿山可行性研究mine feasibility study 矿山规模mine capacity矿山生产能力mine production capacity 矿山年产量annual mine output矿山服务年限mine life矿山基本建设mine construction矿山建设期限mine construction period 矿山达产arrival at mine full capacity开采强度mining intensity矿石回收率ore recovery ratio矿石损失率ore loss ratio工业矿石industrial ore采出矿石extracted ore矿体orebody矿脉vein海洋矿产资源oceanic mineral resources 矿石ore矿石品位ore grade岩石力学rock mechanics岩体力学rock mass mechanics3 选矿选矿厂concentrator, mineral processing plant 工艺矿物学process mineralogy开路open circuit闭路closed circuit流程flowsheet方框流程block flowsheet产率yield回收率recovery矿物mineral粒度particle size粗颗粒coarse particle细颗粒fine particle超微颗粒ultrafine particle粗粒级coarse fraction细粒级fine fraction网目mesh原矿run of mine, crude精矿concentrate粗精矿rough concentrate混合精矿bulk concentrate最终精矿final concentrate尾矿tailings粉碎comminution破碎crushing磨碎grinding团聚agglomeration筛分screening, sieving分级classification富集concentration分选separation手选hand sorting重选gravity separation, gravity concentration 磁选magnetic separation电选electrostatic separation浮选flotation化学选矿chemical mineral processing自然铜native copper铝土矿bauxite冰晶石cryolite磁铁矿magnetite赤铁矿hematite假象赤铁矿martite钒钛磁铁矿vanadium titano-magnetite 铁燧石taconite褐铁矿limonite菱铁矿siderite镜铁矿specularite硬锰矿psilomelane软锰矿pyrolusite铬铁矿chromite黄铁矿pyrite钛铁矿ilmennite金红石rutile萤石fluorite高岭石kaolinite菱镁矿magnesite重晶石barite石墨graphite石英quartz方解石calcite石灰石limestone白云石dolomite云母mica石膏gypsum硼砂borax石棉asbestos蛇纹石serpentine阶段破碎stage crushing 粗碎primary crushing 中碎secondary crushing 细碎fine crushing对辊破碎机roll crusher 粉磨机pulverizer震动筛vibrating screen 筛网screen cloth筛孔screen opening筛上料oversize筛下料undersize粗磨coarse grinding细磨fine grinding球磨机ball mill衬板liner分级机classifier自由沉降free setting沉积sedimentation石灰lime松油pine oil硫化钠sodium sulfide硅酸钠（水玻璃）sodium silicate, water glass过滤filtration过滤机filter给矿，给料feeding给矿机feeder在线分析仪on line analyzer在线粒度分析仪on line size analyzer超声粒度计ultrasonic particle sizer, supersonic particle sizer。
地质矿产英语常用词汇
地质矿产英语常用词汇：岩石类型（rock type）petrology 岩石学igneous rock 火成岩magmatic rock 岩浆岩lava（vocanic rock）火山岩intrusive（invade）rock 侵入岩effusive rock 喷出岩plutonic rock 深成岩pypabyssal rock 浅成岩acid rock 酸性岩intermediate rock 中性岩basic rock 基性岩ultrabasic rock 超基性岩granite 花岗岩porphyry 斑岩porphyrite 玢岩rhyolite 流纹岩syenite 正长岩trachyte 粗面岩diorite 闪长岩andesite 安山岩gabbro 辉长岩basalt 玄武岩aplite 细晶岩pegmatite 伟晶岩lamprophyre 煌斑岩diabase 辉绿岩dunite 橄榄岩pumice 浮岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩clastic 碎屑岩clay rock 黏土岩chemical rock 化学岩biolith 生物岩conglomerate 砾岩siltstone 粉砂岩mudstone 泥岩shale 页岩saline rock 岩盐limestone 石灰岩dolomite 白云岩marl 泥灰岩volcanic breccia 火山角砾岩volcanic agglomerate 火山块集岩tuff 凝灰岩metamorphic rock 变质岩slate 板岩phyllite 千枚岩schist 片岩gneiss 片麻岩quartzite 石英岩marble 大理岩mylonite 糜棱岩migmatite 混合岩cataclasite 碎裂岩sediment （deposit）沉积物、沉积层boulder 漂石、顽石cobble 卵石gravel 砾石sand 砂silt 粉土clay 粘土sandy clay 砂质粘土clayey sand 粘质砂土sandy loam 壤土、亚黏土regolith（topsoil）浮土（表土）loess 黄土laterite 红土peat 泥炭ooze 软泥（海泥）地质矿产英语常用词汇：岩矿物理性质（physical character of minerals）hardness 硬度luster 光泽color 颜色transparency（pellucidity）透明度streak条痕rent（fracture）断口crystal form 晶形classification 分类structure 构造texture 结构fabric 组成mineral composition 矿物组成crystalline 结晶质amorphous substance 非晶质fossil 化石degree of rounding 磨圆度degree of grains 粒度地质矿产英语常用词汇：工程地质（engineering geology）geotechnics（geotechnique）土工学、土工技术、岩石工程rock mechanics 岩石力学soil mechanics 土力学geomechanics 地质力学（岩石力学）engineering geological conditions 工程地质条件engineering geological problems 工程地质问题rock mass structure 岩体结构geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形地貌条件geophysical phenomenon 物理地质现象hydrogeological conditions 水文地质条件natural materials 天然材料reservoir 水库settlement 沉降displacement 位移deformation 变形tectonic stress 构造应力residual stress 残余应力angle of internal friction 内摩擦角cohesion 内聚力（凝聚力、粘聚力）pressure tunnel 压力隧洞underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室overburden 覆盖物bed rock（base rock foundation rock）基岩firm rock（sound rock）硬岩weak rock（soft rock）软岩interbed 夹层zone of fracture（broken zones）破碎带homogeneity 均质性nonhomogeneity（heterogeneity）非均质性isotropy 各向同性anisotropy 各向异性地质矿产英语常用词汇：地质构造（geologic structure）fault 断层normal fault 正断层reversed fault 逆断层paralled fault 平移断层gouge 断层泥stria 擦痕joint 节理primary joint 原生节理secondary 次生节理tension joint 张节理unloading joint 卸荷节理schistosity 片理bedding 层理foliation 板理（叶理）ripple mark 波痕mud crack 泥痕rain print 雨痕orientation of bedrock 岩层产状strike 走向dip 倾向angle of dip（dip angle）倾角fold 褶皱anticline 背斜syncline 向斜monocline（homocline）单斜dome 穹隆soft stratum 软弱岩层zone of fracture（broken zone）破碎带affected zone 影响带platy structure 板状构造cleavage 解理fracture（rupture）断裂fissure （crack fracture）裂隙地质矿产英语常用词汇：地质年代（geochronology of geologic time）Archaeozoic era（erathem），太古代（界）Proterozoic era（erathem），元古代（界）Palaeozoic era（erathem），古生代（界）Mesozoic era（erathem），中生代（界）Cenozoic era（erathem），新生代（界）Sinian period（system），震旦纪（系）Cambrian period（system），寒武纪（系）Ordovician period （system），奥陶纪（系）Silurian period（system），志留纪（系）Devonian period （system），泥盆纪（系）Carboniferous period（system），石炭纪（系）Permian period（system），二叠纪（系）Triassic period（system），三叠纪（系）Jurassic period（system），侏罗纪（系）Cretaceous period（system），白垩纪（系）Tertiary period（system），第三纪（系）Quaternary period（system），第四纪（系）。
最常用地质矿产专业英语词汇
最常用地质矿产专业英语词汇．地质矿产英语常用词汇：岩石类型（rock type）i]?d?petrology 岩石学[pi:'tr?l s]ɡni?igneous rock 火成岩['i tik]['m?gm? magmatic rock 岩浆岩], 'l?v?['lɑ:v?lava（vocanic rock）火山岩[in'tru:siv]侵入岩（invade）rock intrusive [i'fju:siv]喷出岩 effusive rock?nik]plutonic rock 深成岩[plu:'t pypabyssal rock 浅成岩sid]['? acid rock 酸性岩t, -dieit]'mi:dj?[,int? intermediate rock 中性岩['beisik] basic rock 基性岩'beisik]?[,?ltr超基性岩ultrabasic rocknit]r?['ɡ granite 花岗岩:firi]?['p porphyry 斑岩:firait]?['p porphyrite 玢岩lait] ['rai? rhyolite 流纹岩['saiinait] 正长岩syenite-] ['treikait, 'tr? trachyte粗面岩rait] ?[dai闪长岩dioritendizait] ['? andesite 安山岩u] ??br['ɡ gabbro 辉长岩:lt] s?['b? basalt 玄武岩plait] ['? aplite细晶岩tait] m?['peɡ pegmatite伟晶岩] ??['l?mpr,fai煌斑岩lamprophyre['dai?beis] 辉绿岩diabase['d?nait] 橄榄岩dunite['p?mis] 浮岩pumice[,sedi'ment?ri] 沉积岩 sedimentary rockstik] ['kl?clastic碎屑岩[klei] clay rock黏土岩l] ?['kemik chemical rock 化学岩['bai?uliθ] 生物岩biolith[k?n'ɡl?m?r?t, -reit, k?n'ɡl?m?reit] 砾conglomerate岩['siltst?un] 粉砂岩siltstone['m?dst?un] 泥岩 mudstone[?eil] 页岩shale['seilain, -li:n] saline rock 岩盐un] ?['laimst limestone 石灰岩['d?l?mait] 白云岩 dolomite[mɑ:l] 泥灰岩marl] ??[vl'k?nik] ['bret?i volcanic breccia火山角砾岩reit] ????ɡ'l?mr?t, -reit, 'ɡlm?[volcanic 火agglomerate山块集岩[t?f] 凝灰岩 tuff[,met?'m?:fik] 变质岩 metamorphic rock[sleit] slate板岩．千枚岩phyllite片岩schist[nais] gneiss片麻岩:tsait] ['kw?quartzite 石英岩:bl] ɑ['m marble大理岩nait, 'mil-] ['mail?mylonite糜棱岩tait] m?['miɡmigmatite混合岩碎裂岩cataclasitent] ?['sedim）sediment（deposit沉积物、沉积层] ??uld['b漂石、顽石boulderbl] ?['k卵石cobblel] ?r?v['ɡ砾石gravelnd] [s? sand 砂[silt] 粉土silt[klei] 粘土clay砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sandum] [l?sandy loam壤土、亚黏土['reɡ?liθ]topsoil 浮土（表土））regolith（uis] ['l? loess黄土rait] ?['l?t laterite 红土[pi:t] 泥炭peat[u:z] 软泥（海泥）oozephysical character of minerals地质矿产英语常用词汇：岩矿物理性质（）:dnis] ɑ['h hardness 硬度] ??st['l luster 光泽] ??l['k颜色color-,[tr?ns'p?r?nsi, -'pε? pellucidity）（transparency:n-] nz-, trɑtr?透明度[stri:k] 条痕streak[rent] fracture）断口 rent（l] ['krist?crystal form晶形n/] ??[/,kl?sifi'kei classification 分类] ??kt?['str构造structure] ?['tekst? texture 结构brik] ['f? fabric组成n] ?'zi??[,k?mp mineral composition 矿物组成lain]['krist?crystalline结晶质ns]bst???['m?:fs] ['s?amorphous substance 非晶质l] ??s['f fossil化石['raundi?]degree of rounding 磨圆度reins] ɡ[degree of grains 粒度engineering geology）地质矿产英语常用词汇：工程地质（geotechnics（geotechnique）土工学、土工技术、岩石工程rock mechanics 岩石力学土力学soil mechanics地质力学（岩石力学）geomechanics工程地质条件engineering geological conditions工程地质问题engineering geological problems岩体结构rock mass structure地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions物理地质现象geophysical phenomenon水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions天然材料natural materialsreservoir 水库 settlement 沉降 displacement 位移 deformation 变形 tectonic stress 构造应力 residual stress 残余应力 angle of internal friction 内摩擦角 cohesion 内聚力（凝聚力、粘聚力） pressure tunnel 压力隧洞 underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室覆盖物overburden 基岩base rock foundation rock） bed rock（硬岩sound rock） firm rock （软岩） weak rock（soft rock 夹层interbed破碎带） zone of fracture（broken zones homogeneity 均质性非均质性nonhomogeneity（heterogeneity） isotropy 各向同性 anisotropy 各向异性地质矿产英语常用词汇：地质构造（geologic structure）[f?:lt] 断层fault['n?:m?l] 正断层 normal fault:st] ?[ri'v reversed fault逆断层paralled fault 平移断层[ɡaud?] 断层泥 gouge['strai?] 擦痕stria[d??int] 节理 joint['praim?ri] 原生节理 primary joint['sek?nd?ri] 次生节理 secondary['ten??n] 张节理 tension joint[,?n'l?udi?] 卸荷节理unloading joint[?is't?siti] 片理 schistosity['bedi?] 层理 beddingfoliation 板理（叶理）['ripl] 波痕 ripple mark[m?d] [kr?k]泥痕 mud crackrain print 雨痕[,?:rien'tei??n, ?u-] orientation of bedrock 岩层产状[straik] 走向strike[dip] 倾向dip倾角（dip angle） angle of dip uld] ?[f fold褶皱ntiklain] ['? anticline 背斜-] ['si?klain, 'sin向斜synclineuklain] n?['m?单斜（monoclinehomocline）um] ?[d dome 穹隆 soft stratum 软弱岩层破碎带 zone of fracture（broken zone）影响带affected zoneplaty structure 板状构造] ['kli:vid?解理cleavage] ??['fr?kt断裂fracture（rupture）] ??['fi crack fracture）裂隙 fissure（geochronology of geologic time）地质矿产英语常用词汇：地质年代（Archaeozoic era（erathem），太古代（界）Proterozoic era（erathem），元古代（界）Palaeozoic era（erathem），古生代（界）Mesozoic era（erathem），中生代（界）Cenozoic era（erathem），新生代（界）Sinian period（system），震旦纪（系）Cambrian period（system），寒武纪（系）Ordovician period（system），奥陶纪（系）Silurian period（system），志留纪（系）Devonian period（system），泥盆纪（系）Carboniferous period（system），石炭纪（系），二叠纪（系）system）Permian period（），三叠纪（系）Triassic period （system ，侏罗纪（系）systemJurassic period（），白垩纪（系）system）Cretaceous period（，第三纪（系）systemTertiary period（），第四纪（系）systemQuaternary period（）。
常用地质学英语词汇
2. GEOLOGY地质2.1 LITHOLOGY CASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION ORDER岩性分类与描述顺序2.1.1 Rock Types 岩石类型Sedi Sedimentry 沉积岩clas clastic 碎屑岩ss sandstone 砂岩mdst mudstone 泥岩sh shale 页岩clyst, clst claystone 粘土岩sd sand 砂mSsd medium sandstone 中砂岩fsst fine sandstone 细砂岩bldr boulder 卵石pbl pebble 卵石grl gravel 砾石cgl conglomerate 砾岩gywk graywacke 硬砂岩cbl cobble 大鹅卵石ark arkose 长石砂岩grnl granule 粒砂brec breccic 角砾岩bioc bioclastic 生物碎屑岩vcrs sst very coarse sandstone 极粗砂岩argl argillite 泥板岩gyp gypsum 石膏anhy anhydrite 硬石膏slt salt 盐岩flint-lingite 隧石carbonate 碳酸盐岩ls limestone 灰岩，石灰岩dolo dolomite 白云石dolst dolostone 白云岩mrls marlstone 泥灰石coq coquina 贝壳灰岩biosp biosparte 生物亮晶灰岩biomi biomicrite 生物微晶灰岩clcar calcarenite 灰屑岩，钙屑灰岩clclt calcilutite 泥屑石灰岩micr micrite 微晶灰岩clcrd calcirudite 砾屑石灰岩clslt calcisilitite 粉砂屑石灰岩grst grainstone 粒状灰岩oolitic limestone 鲕状灰岩Igneous Rock 火成岩intrusive igneous 侵入岩extrusive igneous 喷出岩volc colcanic 火山岩grt granite 花岗岩dr diorite 闪长岩grdr grano diorite 花岗闪长岩qu dr quartz diorite 石英闪长岩dr po diorite porphyrite 闪长玢岩syenite 正长岩gab, gb gabbro 辉长岩qu po quartz porphyrite 石英玢岩an andesite 安山岩bas basalt 玄武岩arag aragonite 纹石，霞石Meta Metsmorphic rock 变质岩phyl phyllite 千枚岩sl slate 板岩sch schist 片岩mbl marble 大理岩gne gneiss 片麻岩qtzt quartzite 石英岩novac novaculite致密石英岩2.1.2 COL Color, Colour 颜色blk black 黑色brn brown 棕色yel yellow 黄色gy, gry grey 灰色or orange 橙色，桔色bl blue 蓝色gn, grn green 绿色wi, wht white 白色pnk pink 粉红色pl purple 紫色lav lavender 浅紫色，淡紫色bf buff 浅黄色tn tan 棕黄色choc chocolate 褐色och ochve 褐色，黄褐色olv olive 橄榄色crm cream 奶油色mott motted 杂色，斑点vocl varicoloree 杂色的amb amber 琥珀色lt light 淡的dk, drk dark 暗的cc color code 颜色代码2.1.3 Hardness 硬度VHD very hard 非常硬MHD middle hard 中硬H hard 硬SFT soft 软VSFT very soft 非常软2.1.4 Roundness 磨圆sharp angular 尖棱状angle angular 棱角状subangle subangular 次棱角状subrnd subround 次圆状rnd round 圆状well round 磨圆好2.1.5 Grain Size Terminology 颗粒大小术语(see app. Table) （见附表）2.1.6 Sorting 分选go good 好f fair 一般md medium 中等pr poor 差c coarsely 粗造2.1.7 Cementation 胶结，胶结物cp compact 胶结致密dns dense 胶结密实well well 胶结好lse loose 胶结疏松sdy are sandy arenaceous 砂质sdy sandy 砂质mdy are mudy argillaceous 泥质ethy earthy 泥质cly clay 粘土质cal, calc calcarous 钙质si siliceous 硅质lim limy 灰质kao kaolin 高岭土质carb carbonaceous 碳质的qtzc quartzitic 石英质quartzizose 石英质的nac nacreous 珍珠质2.1.8 Accessories of Rock 岩石的次要成分min mineral 矿物accessary mineral 次生矿物qz, qtz quartz 石英mic, mica micaceous 云母musc muscovite 白云母biot biotite 黑云母srct sericite 绢云母fld feldspar 长石orth orthpclase 正长石plag plagioclase 斜长石gab gabbro 辉长石py pyrite 黄铁矿lmt limonite 褐铁矿mag magnetite 磁铁矿calc calcite 方解石dol dolomite 白云石gyp gypsum 石膏anhy anhydite 无水石膏sa salt 盐asph asphalt 沥青bit bitumen 沥青gil gilsomite 天然沥青flnt flint 黑燧石，电石cht chert 黑硅石chk chalk 白垩fos fossils 化石micfo microfossil 微化石macfo macrofossil 大化石pl fos plant fossil 植物化石vrtb vertebrate 脊椎动物ancient life 古生物fau fauna 动物群flo flora 植物群spo, spr spore 孢子，孢粉tri trilobite 三叶虫cor coral 珊瑚shl shell 贝壳amm ammonite 菊石alg algae 藻类diat diatoms 硅藻char charophyte 轮藻类grap graptolite 笔石类ost ostracod 介形虫（节肢动物）para paraparchites 介形虫cono conodont 牙形虫crin crinoid 海百合Tent Tentaculities 竹节石属moll mollusc 软体动物Ech Echinoid 海胆类（棘皮动物）Bry Bryozoa 苔藓动物门Ceph Cephalipod 头足纲（软体类）Belm Belmnifera 箭石属（头足类）Brach Brachinopoda 腕足类（动物门）Cyp Cypridopsis 斗星介属（介形类）foram foraminifera 有孔虫类Endo Endothgra 内卷虫属（有孔虫类）Glob Globigerina 抱球虫属（有孔虫类）Gast Gasttropod 腹足纲（软体动物）Fus Fusulinicl 纺锤蜓2.1.9 Depositional Distinguishing Feature 沉积识别特征sedimentary structure 沉积构造bdd beded 层状的bndd banded 层状的band band 夹层xlam crosslaminated 交错层理xbdd crossbeded 交错层intbdd interbeded 互层的，夹层的crnk crinkled 褶皱cont contact 接触，界面unconf unconformity 不整合conf conformity 整合crev crevive 裂隙conc concretion 结核，含有物nod nodules 结核。
常用地质学英语词汇
常用地质学英语词汇Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-199982. GEOLOGY地质2.1 LITHOLOGY CASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION ORDER岩性分类与描述顺序2.1.1 Rock Types 岩石类型Sedi Sedimentry 沉积岩clas clastic 碎屑岩ss sandstone 砂岩mdst mudstone 泥岩sh shale 页岩clyst, clst claystone 粘土岩sd sand 砂mSsd medium sandstone 中砂岩fsst fine sandstone 细砂岩bldr boulder 卵石pbl pebble 卵石grl gravel 砾石cgl conglomerate 砾岩gywk graywacke 硬砂岩cbl cobble 大鹅卵石ark arkose 长石砂岩grnl granule 粒砂brec breccic 角砾岩bioc bioclastic 生物碎屑岩vcrs sst very coarse sandstone 极粗砂岩argl argillite 泥板岩gyp gypsum 石膏anhy anhydrite 硬石膏slt salt 盐岩flint-lingite 隧石carbonate 碳酸盐岩ls limestone 灰岩，石灰岩dolo dolomite 白云石dolst dolostone 白云岩mrls marlstone 泥灰石coq coquina 贝壳灰岩biosp biosparte 生物亮晶灰岩biomi biomicrite 生物微晶灰岩clcar calcarenite 灰屑岩，钙屑灰岩clclt calcilutite 泥屑石灰岩micr micrite 微晶灰岩clcrd calcirudite 砾屑石灰岩clslt calcisilitite 粉砂屑石灰岩grst grainstone 粒状灰岩oolitic limestone 鲕状灰岩Igneous Rock 火成岩intrusive igneous 侵入岩extrusive igneous 喷出岩volc colcanic 火山岩grt granite 花岗岩dr diorite 闪长岩grdr grano diorite 花岗闪长岩 qu dr quartz diorite 石英闪长岩 dr po diorite porphyrite 闪长玢岩 syenite 正长岩gab, gb gabbro 辉长岩qu po quartz porphyrite 石英玢岩 an andesite 安山岩bas basalt 玄武岩arag aragonite 纹石，霞石Meta Metsmorphic rock 变质岩 phyl phyllite 千枚岩sl slate 板岩sch schist 片岩mbl marble 大理岩gne gneiss 片麻岩qtzt quartzite 石英岩novac novaculite 致密石英岩2.1.2 COL Color, Colour 颜色blk black 黑色brn brown 棕色yel yellow 黄色gy, gry grey 灰色or orange 橙色，桔色bl blue 蓝色gn, grn green 绿色wi, wht white 白色pnk pink 粉红色pl purple 紫色lav lavender 浅紫色，淡紫色 bf buff 浅黄色tn tan 棕黄色choc chocolate 褐色och ochve 褐色，黄褐色olv olive 橄榄色crm cream 奶油色mott motted 杂色，斑点vocl varicoloree 杂色的amb amber 琥珀色lt light 淡的dk, drk dark 暗的cc color code 颜色代码2.1.3 Hardness 硬度VHD very hard 非常硬MHD middle hard 中硬H hard 硬SFT soft 软VSFT very soft 非常软2.1.4 Roundness 磨圆sharp angular 尖棱状angle angular 棱角状subangle subangular 次棱角状subrnd subround 次圆状rnd round 圆状well round 磨圆好2.1.5 Grain Size Terminology 颗粒大小术语 (see app. Table) （见附表）2.1.6 Sorting 分选go good 好f fair 一般md medium 中等pr poor 差c coarsely 粗造2.1.7 Cementation 胶结，胶结物cp compact 胶结致密dns dense 胶结密实well well 胶结好lse loose 胶结疏松sdy are sandy arenaceous 砂质sdy sandy 砂质mdy are mudy argillaceous 泥质ethy earthy 泥质cly clay 粘土质cal, calc calcarous 钙质si siliceous 硅质lim limy 灰质kao kaolin 高岭土质carb carbonaceous 碳质的qtzc quartzitic 石英质quartzizose 石英质的nac nacreous 珍珠质2.1.8 Accessories of Rock 岩石的次要成分 min mineral 矿物accessary mineral 次生矿物qz, qtz quartz 石英mic, mica micaceous 云母musc muscovite 白云母biot biotite 黑云母srct sericite 绢云母fld feldspar 长石orth orthpclase 正长石plag plagioclase 斜长石gab gabbro 辉长石py pyrite 黄铁矿lmt limonite 褐铁矿mag magnetite 磁铁矿calc calcite 方解石dol dolomite 白云石gyp gypsum 石膏anhy anhydite 无水石膏sa salt 盐asph asphalt 沥青bit bitumen 沥青gil gilsomite 天然沥青flnt flint 黑燧石，电石cht chert 黑硅石chk chalk 白垩fos fossils 化石micfo microfossil 微化石macfo macrofossil 大化石pl fos plant fossil 植物化石vrtb vertebrate 脊椎动物ancient life 古生物fau fauna 动物群flo flora 植物群spo, spr spore 孢子，孢粉tri trilobite 三叶虫cor coral 珊瑚shl shell 贝壳amm ammonite 菊石alg algae 藻类diat diatoms 硅藻char charophyte 轮藻类grap graptolite 笔石类ost ostracod 介形虫（节肢动物）para paraparchites 介形虫cono conodont 牙形虫crin crinoid 海百合Tent Tentaculities 竹节石属moll mollusc 软体动物Ech Echinoid 海胆类（棘皮动物）Bry Bryozoa 苔藓动物门Ceph Cephalipod 头足纲（软体类）Belm Belmnifera 箭石属（头足类）Brach Brachinopoda 腕足类（动物门）Cyp Cypridopsis 斗星介属（介形类）foram foraminifera 有孔虫类Endo Endothgra 内卷虫属（有孔虫类） Glob Globigerina 抱球虫属（有孔虫类） Gast Gasttropod 腹足纲（软体动物）Fus Fusulinicl 纺锤蜓2.1.9 Depositional Distinguishing Feature 沉积识别特征 sedimentary structure 沉积构造bdd beded 层状的bndd banded 层状的band band 夹层xlam crosslaminated 交错层理xbdd crossbeded 交错层intbdd interbeded 互层的，夹层的crnk crinkled 褶皱cont contact 接触，界面unconf unconformity 不整合conf conformity 整合crev crevive 裂隙conc concretion 结核，含有物nod nodules 结核。
地质专业英语词汇（N-P）_地质专业英语词汇
nacreous layer 珍珠层nacreous structure 珍珠构造nacrite 珍珠陶土nadorite 氯锑铅矿naegite 苗木石nagatelite 磷褐帘石nagyagite 叶碲矿nahcolite 重碳钠盐nail 指甲nakhlite 透橄无球粒陨石nantokite 铜盐naphthabitumen 石脑油沥青naphthene 环烷naphthene base crude oil 环烷基油naphthene index 环烷烃指数naphthenic acid 环烷酸naphtholite 沥青页岩nappe 推复体narrow gorge 嶂谷narsarsukite 短柱石nasal bone 鼻骨nasal capsule 鼻甲nasal cavity 鼻腔nasonite 氯硅钙铅矿natality 生产率native asphalt 天然沥青native copper 自然铜native element 天然元素native gold 自然金native mercury 自然汞native platinum 自然铂native silver 自然银natrite 泡碱natrium 钠natrochalcite 钠铜矾natrolite 钠沸石natron 泡碱natronorthoclase 钠正长石natronsanidine 钠透长石natrophilite 磷钠锰矿natural asphalt 天然沥青natural classification 自然分类natural coke 天然焦炭natural discharge 天然排泄natural frequency 固有频率natural gas 天然气natural geologic hazard 自然地质灾害natural heat flow 天然热流natural levee 天然堤natural load 自然负荷natural products 天然产物natural radioactive element 天然放射性元素natural radioactivity 天然放射性natural remanent magnetism 天然剩余磁性natural remanent magnetization 自然残余磁化natural selection 自然选择natural solid bitumen 天然固体沥青natural stream 天然河流natural succession 自然演替natural ventilation 自然通风natural water 天然水natural water level 自然水位nature preservation 自然保护naujakasite 瑙云母naumannite 硒银矿nautiloids 鹦鹉螺类nautilus 鹦鹉螺navicular 舟状的neanderthal man 尼安德特人neap tide 小潮near earthquake 近地震neck 岩颈necton 自游生物needle ironstone 针铁石nefedievite 红坚岭石negative crystal 负晶体negative delta 三角湾状三角洲negative element 阴性元素negative ion 负离子negative relief 负地形negative valence 负原子价nelsonite 钛铁磷灰岩nemathelminthes 线形动物类nematoblastic 纤状变晶质nematomorphic 纤维状的nemerteans 纽形动物类nenadkevite 硅钙铅铀矿neo ice age 新冰期neocomian 尼欧克姆阶neodymium 钕neogene 新第三纪neoglaciation 新冰期neolite 新石neolithic age 新石票代neolithic era 新石票代neometamorphism 新变质酌neon 氖neotantalite 黄钽铁矿neotectonic element 新构造单元neotectonic period 新构造期neotectonics 新构造学neoteny 幼态持续neotocite 水锰辉石neotropical region 新热带区neotype 新模neozoic era 新生代nepheline 霞石nepheline basalt 霞石玄武岩nepheline porphyry 霞石斑岩nepheline syenite 霞石正长岩nephelinite 霞石岩nephelinization 霞石化nephelometry 浊度测定nephrite 软玉nepouite 镍绿泥石neptunian theory 水成论neptunism 水成论neptunium 镎neritic sea 浅海neritic sediments 浅海沉积nerve 叶脉nesosilicates 岛状硅酸盐nest like ore body 鸡窝状矿体net 网net production 净产量netted venation 网状脉network structure 网状结构neutral humus 中性腐殖质neutral micelle 中性胶粒neutrality point 中性点neutron 中子neutron activation analysis 中子活化分析neutron capture 中子捕获neutron diffraction 中子衍射neutron energy 中子能量neutron epithermal neutron log 中子超热中子测井neutron generator 中子发生器neutron multiplication factor 中子的增殖系数neutron neutron log 中子中子测井neutron proton ratio 中子数与质子数比率neutron source 中子源neutron thermal neutron log 中子热中子测井nevadite 斑烈neve 粒雪neve basin 粒雪盆new global tectonics 新全球构造学new world 新世界newberyite 镁磷石newlandite 顽火榴辉石newyanskite 亮铱锇矿nickel 镍nickel ore 镍矿nicol's prisma 尼科耳棱镜nicolayite 硅铅钍铀矿nife 镍铁带niggli value 尼格理值niggliite 碲铂矿niobite 铌铁矿niobium 铌nitrate 硝酸盐nitratine 钠硝石nitratite 钠硝石nitric acid 硝酸nitrification 硝化酌nitrifying bacteria 硝化细菌nitrite 亚硝酸盐nitrobaryte 钡硝石nitrocalcite 钙硝石nitrogen 氮nitrogen compounds in petroleum 石油含氮化合物nitrogen content of coal 煤中氮nitrogen cycle 氮循环nitromagnesite 镁硝石nitronatrite 钠硝石nitrous acid 亚硝酸nival belt 雪带nivation 雪蚀酌nivenite 钇铀矿nobelium 锘noble metal 贵金属noble opal 贵蛋白石nocerite 针六方石node 节nodular 结核状的nodule 结核;结枝nomenclature 命名法nominal 命名的nominal diameter 标称直径nomogram 列线图non polar bond 非极性键non polar linkage 非极性键nonadiabatic change 非绝热变化nonangular unconformity 假整合nonbedded 非成层的nonbonding electron 非结合电子noncoking coal 非粘结性煤noncommercial reserves 表外储量nonconformity 不整合nondiastrophism 非构造变动nonequilibrium state 非平衡状态nonferrous metal 非铁金属nonmetal 非金属nonpolar 非极性的nonpolar molecule 非极性分子nonpolarizing electrode 不极化电极nonrotational deformation 非转动变形nonsequent fold 限制褶皱nonsteady 非稳定的nontectonic joint 非构造节理nontectonic process 非构造酌nontronite 绿脱石nonuniformity 不均匀性norbergite 块硅镁石nordite 硅钠锶镧石nordmarkite 英碱正长岩norian stage 诺利克阶noric stage 诺利克阶norite 苏长岩norm 标准矿物成分normal curve 标准曲线normal depth 正常深度normal device 电位电极系normal dispersion 正常色散normal distribution 正态分布normal electric field 正常电场normal epoch 正常时期normal fault 正断层normal field 正常场normal fold 正褶皱normal geomagnetic porality epoch 正磁极期normal gravity 正常重力normal magnetic field 正常磁场normal metamorphism of coal 煤正常变质normal order 正常层序normal projection 正轴投影normal solution 规定溶液normal state 正常态normal stress 法向应力normal succession 正常层序normal temperature 正常温度normal velocity 法向速度normal vibration 简正振动normality 规定浓度normative mineral 标准矿物norsethite 菱钡镁石north atlantic massif 北大误地块north latitude 北纬north pole 北极northeast pacific ridge 北潍平洋海岭northern alpine foreland 北部阿尔卑斯前沿地nosean 方石noseanite 方岩noselite 方石notochord 脊索noumeite 滑硅镍矿novacekite 水砷镁铀矿nuclear binding energy 核结合能nuclear charge 核电荷nuclear chemistry 核化学nuclear disintegration 核衰变nuclear emulsion 原子核照相乳胶nuclear energy level 核能级nuclear fuel 核燃料nuclear geology 核地质学nuclear magnetic log 核磁测井nuclear magnetic moment 核磁矩nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振nuclear model 核模型nuclear separation 核分离nuclear stability 核稳定性nucleic acid 核酸nuclen 核子nucleostratigraphy 核地层学nucleus of crystallization 晶核nuclide 核素nuclide chart 同位素表nugget 块金null valence 零价number of free radicals 自由基数numerical method 数值法numerical solution 数值解nummulites 货币石类nunatak 冰原石山nutrient 养分nutrition 营养nutritive salt 营养盐nutritive substance 养分nutritive value 营养价值nutty structure 核状结构oasis 绿州obduction 仰冲obduction plate 仰冲板块obduction zone 仰冲带objective 接物镜objective analysis 客观分析oblique extinction 斜消光oblique fault 斜断层oblique fold 斜卧褶皱oblique joint 斜节理oblique projection 斜投影oblique slip fault 斜滑断层oblong 长方形的oborite 鄂博矿obsequent fault line scarp 逆断线崖obsequent river 逆向河observation 观测observation field 观测场observation network 观测网observation well 观测孔observational error 观察误差obsidian 黑曜岩occasional species 偶见种ocean 大洋ocean bed 洋底ocean current 海流ocean floor 洋底ocean floor fracture zone 洋底断裂带ocean floor spreading 海底扩张ocean wave 大洋波浪oceanic craton 洋台oceanic crust 海洋地壳oceanic island 海洋岛oceanic ridge tholeiite 洋脊拉斑玄武岩oceanic rise 大洋中隆oceanic tholeiite 海洋性拉斑玄武岩oceanic water 大洋水oceanite 大洋岩oceanization 海洋化酌oceanographical remote sensing 海洋遥感oceanology 海洋学ocellar 眼班状的ocellus 单眼ochre 舣ochrea 托叶鞘octahedrite 八面石octahedron 八面体octophyllite 八叶云母ocular 目镜odd pinnate 奇数羽状的odinite 拉辉煌斑岩odometer 里程表odontoid 齿状的odontolite 齿绿松石oersted 奥斯忒offlap 退复offretite 菱钾铝矿offset 支脉offset well 探边井offshore 外滨offshore bar 滨外洲offshore coring drilling 近海浅钻钻探offshore drilling 近海钻井offshore drilling rig 海上钻探装置offshore oil drilling 海上石油钻探ohmic resistance 欧姆阻抗oikesis 定居oil 油oil accumulating area 聚油面积oil accumulation 油池oil basin 油田oil bearing 含油的oil bearing rock 油母岩oil bearing structure 储油构造oil damping 油减震oil deposit 石油矿床oil field 油田oil field water 油田水oil gas 油气oil geology 石油地质学oil horizon 含油层oil indication 石油显示oil layer 含油层oil measure 油层;油贮oil pool 油池oil production 采油oil sand 油砂oil saturation 油饱和率oil seepage 油苗oil shale 油母页岩oil stone 油石oil trap 油捕oil well 油井okenite 水硅钙石olafite 钠长石old stage 老年期old stone age 旧石票代old valley 老年谷old world 旧世界oldhamite 褐硫钙石;陨硫钙石oligocene 渐新世oligoclase 奥长石oligonite 菱锰铁矿oligosite 奥长岩oligotrophic 寡养的oligotrophic lake 寡养湖olistolith 滑动岩体olistostrome 重力滑动沉积olivenite 橄榄铜矿olivine 橄榄石olivine basalt 橄件武岩olivinfree basalt 无橄件武岩ollenite 绿帘金红角闪片岩omphacite 绿辉石one electron bond 单电子键onkilonite 橄辉霞岩onlap 海侵超覆onofrite 硒汞矿ontogenetic 个体发生的ontogeny 个体发生学ontogeny of minerals 矿物发生学onyx 缟玛瑙oogonium 卵原细胞oolite 鲕状岩oolitic 鲕状的oolitic iron ore deposit 鲡状铁矿床oolitic limestone 鲕状灰岩oolitic structure 鲡状构造ooze 软泥opacite 不透蔑opacite margin 不透眠缘opal 蛋白石opalization 蛋白石化opalize 使呈乳白状open circuit 开路open cut mining 露天采矿open cut ore mine 露天开采矿山open cut working 露天采矿open fault 张开断层open fold 敞开褶皱open hearth 平炉open pit method 露天开采法open pit quarry 露天矿场open stope method 空场回采法open stope mining 空场回采法open system 开放系统open tube analysis 开管分析open type geothermal reservoir 开放式地热储opening of mines 矿体开发operculum 鳃盖ophicalcite 蛇纹大理岩ophiolite 蛇绿岩ophiolite formation 蛇绿岩建造ophiolitic melange 蛇绿混杂岩ophite 纤闪辉绿岩ophitic texture 辉绿结构ophyolitic complex 蛇绿岩复合体opposite 对生的opposite phyllotaxis 对生叶序optic axis 光轴optic binormals 光轴副法线optic biradial 副光轴optic elasticity axes 光学弹性轴optical activity 旋光性optical angle 光轴角optical anisotropy 光学蛤异性optical anomaly 光性异常optical character 光性optical constant 光性常数optical dispersion 色散optical indicatrix 光率体optical isotropy 光学蛤同性optical orientation 光性方位optical phenomenon 光学现象optical section 光切面optical strain 光性变形optical system 光学系统optical twin 巴潍晶optically anisotropic 光学异向性的optically biaxial 双光轴的optically isotropic 光性均质的optically negative 负光性的optically positive 正光性的optically uniaxial 单光轴的optimization 最佳化oral appendage 口肢oral arm 口腕orangite 橙黄石orbicular 球状的orbicular granite 球状花岗岩orbital electron 轨道电子order 目order of crystallization 结晶顺序ordinary chernozem 普通黑土ordinary light 普通光线ordovician 奥陶纪ore 矿石ore bearing 含矿的ore bed 矿层ore bin 矿仓ore block 矿段ore bringer 运矿岩ore bunch 矿袋ore chimney 管状矿体ore column 矿柱ore complex 矿石复合ore core 矿心ore course 富矿体ore dampness 矿石湿度ore deposit 矿床ore dilution 矿石贫化ore dressing 选矿ore fines 粉矿ore formation 矿石建造ore grade 矿石品级ore hardness 矿硬ore leaching 矿石浸出ore losses 矿石损失ore mineral 金属矿物ore nest 矿巢ore pillar 矿柱ore pipe 管状矿体ore pocket 矿袋ore reserve 矿储藏量ore rock 含矿岩ore shoot 富矿体ore sort 矿石工业品级ore stock 矿储藏量oreforming element 成矿元素orford process 奥福特法organ 瀑organic acid 有机酸organic compound 有机化合物organic deposits 有机沉积organic geochemistry 有机地球化学organic matter 有机物organic matter content 有机物质含量organic pigment 有机颜料organic pollution 有机污染organic remains 有机残余物organic rock 有机岩organic sediments 有机沉积物organic silt 泥炭粘土organism 生物organogenic 有机生成的organometallic compound 有机金属化合物orictocoenosis 生物化石群落orientation 定向orientation of crystal 晶体定位oriented thin section 定向薄片orientite 锰柱石origin 起原origin of life 生命起原original dip 原生倾斜original interstice 原生空隙original order 原层序ornamental stone 装饰石ornamentation 纹饰ornithology 鸟类学orocline 造山带弯曲orogen 造山地带orogenesis 造山运动orogenetic 造山的orogenetic movements 造山运动orogenic 造山的orogenic belt 造山带orogenic cycle 造山旋回orogenic hydrothermal deposit 造山热液矿床orogenic phase 造山相orogenic zone 造山带orogeny 造山运动ort 横巷orthite 褐帘石orthoaxis 正轴orthochronology 标准地质年代学orthoclase 正长石orthoclasite 微正长岩orthoclastization 正长石化orthoconglomerate 正砾岩orthocumulate 正堆积岩orthodiadochite 磷铁华orthodiagonal axis 正轴orthodolomite 正白云石orthodome 正轴坡面orthoevolution 直向进化orthofelsite 正长霏细岩orthogenesis 直向演化orthogeosynclinal system 正地槽系orthogeosyncline 正地槽orthogneiss 正片麻岩orthogonality 正交orthographic projection 正射投影ortholimestone 正石灰石orthomagmatic deposit 正岩浆矿床orthomagmatic stage 正岩浆期orthometamorphism 正变质酌orthometamorphite 正变质岩orthomigmatite 正混合岩orthophotomap 正射投影像片组合图orthophyre 正长斑岩orthophyric 正斑状的orthopinacoid 正轴轴面orthoplatform 正地台orthoprism 正轴柱orthopyramid 正轴锥orthopyroxene 斜方辉石orthopyroxenite 斜方辉岩orthorhombic 斜方的orthorhombic system 斜方晶系orthoschist 火成片岩orthoscope 直光镜orthoselection 直向选择orthosilicate 正硅酸盐orthosite 粗粒正长岩orthostratigraphy 正交地层学orthosyenite 钾质正长岩orthotectonics 正构造ortlerite 闪斑玢岩ortstein 硬盘oryctogeology 化石地质学oryctognosy 地物学oryctology 化石学osannite 钠闪石osbornite 陨氯钛矿oscillation theory 颤动说oscillatory ripples 对称波痕oscillatory twinning 反复双晶osmiridium 铱锇矿osmium 锇osmotic equilibrium 渗透平衡osmotic force 渗透力osmotic pressure 渗透压ossicle 小骨ossification 骨化osteal 骨的ostium 小孔ostracodermi 甲胄鱼纲ostraite 磁铁尖晶辉岩otavite 菱镉矿ottrelite 粒硬绿泥石ouachitite 黑云沸煌岩outcrop 露头outer core 外核outer electron 外电子outer lip 外唇outer shell 外电子层outer shell electron 外电子outer sublittoral zone 底亚滨海带outflow 瘤outflow lake 外窿outlier 老围层outline 轮廓output voltage 输出电压outside balance reserves 表外储量outwash 冰水沉积outwash gravel 冰水砾outwash plain 冰水沉积平原oval 卵圆形的ovate 卵圆形的over load 过负荷overall output 总产量overburden 表土;复盖岩层;盖岩层overburden pressure 积土压力overcast sky 阴天overflow 泛滥overflow dam 溢劣overflow weir 溢劣overfold 倒转褶皱overground part 地上部分overhand stope 上向梯段回采工祖overland flow 表面径流overland runoff 地表径流overlap 超复overlap trap 超复圈闭overlying strata 覆层overlying strata of coal measures 煤系盖层overpressure 过压overriding plate 上冲板块oversaturated rock 过饱和岩oversize 筛上产品oversize product 筛上产品overthrust 逆掩断层overthrust block 掩冲体overthrust mass 掩冲体overthrust plane 逆掩断层面overthrust sheet 逆掩层overthrusting plate 上冲板块overturn 倒转overturned anticline 倒转背斜overturned fold 倒转褶皱overturned succession of strata 倒转层序overturning 倒转ovule 胚珠oxalate 草酸盐oxalic acid 草酸oxalite 草酸铁矿oxbow lake 牛角湖oxfordian 牛津阶oxidability 易氧化度oxidation potential 氧化势oxidation reduction cycle 氧化还原循环oxidation reduction potential 氧化还原势oxidation reduction system 氧化还原系oxidation state 氧化状态oxidation zone 氧化带oxidation zone of sulphide deposits 硫化物矿床氧化带oxide 氧化物oxidizability 易氧化度oxidize 氧化oxidized ore 氧化矿石oxidizing roasting 氧化焙烧oxydate 氧化沉积物oxygen 氧oxygen content of coal 煤中氧oxygen cycle 氧的循环oxygen demand 需氧量oxygen isotope method 氧同位素法oxygen logging 氧测井oxygen partial pressure 氧分压力oxyphile elements 亲氧元素oyamalite 稀土锆石ozocerite 地蜡ozokerite 地蜡ozonosphere 臭氧层pachnolite 霜晶石pacific geosyncline 太平洋地槽pacific suite 太平洋岩群pack ice 浮冰packing 充填paehoehoe lava 波纹熔岩pagodite 叶蜡石pahoehoe lava 波纹熔岩paigeite 硼铁矿painite 红硅硼铝钙石pair production 偶生成paired fins 偶paired metamorphic belt 双变质带pairing of electrons 生成电子对paisanite 钠闪微岗岩palaeobiology 古生物学palaeontology 古生物学palaeosedimentology 古沉积学palaeotectonics 古地质构造学palagonite 橙玄玻璃palaite 红磷锰矿palate 口盖palatine 腭骨palatinite 直辉中基性岩paleo oceanography 古海洋学paleo plate tectonics 古板块构造paleoanthropology 古人类学paleoarctic subregion 古北亚区paleoautochthon 古原地岩paleobathymetric map 古等深线图paleobiocenose 古生物群落paleobiocenosis 古生物群落paleobiochemistry 古生物化学paleobiogeographic province 古生物地理区paleobiogeography 古生物地理学paleobiology 古生物学paleobotanic province 古植物地理区paleobotany 古植物学paleocene 古新世paleochannel 古水道paleoclimate 古气候paleoclimatology 古气候学paleoecology 古生态学paleoenvironment 古环境paleogene 老第三纪paleogenetics 古遗传学paleogeographical map 古地理图paleogeography 古地理学paleogeology 古地质学paleogeomorphic trap 古地貌圈闭paleogeomorphology 古地貌学paleogeophysics 古地球物理学paleoichnology 古遗迹学paleoichtyology 古鱼类学paleoisotherm 古等温线paleolithic age 旧石票代paleomagnetism 古地磁paleometamorphism 古变质酌paleontological facies 古生物相paleontology 古生物学paleophyre 古云英斑岩paleophytic era 古植物代paleophytology 古植物学paleopole 古极paleosalinity 古盐度paleosome 古残体paleostructure 古构造paleotectonic 古构造的paleotemperature 古温度paleotropical region 古热带区paleotypal 古相的paleovolcanic 古火山的paleozoic era 古生代paleozoologic province 古动物地理区paleozoology 古动物学palermoite 柱磷锶锂矿palichnology 古遗迹学palimpsest 变余构造palingenesis 再生palingenetic granite 再生花岗岩palingenetic petrographic province 再生岩区palingenite 再生岩palinspastic map 复原地图palinspastic reconstruction 空间复原palladinite 方铂矿palladium 钯pallasite 石铁陨石pallial eye 外套眼pallial groove 套膜沟pallial line 套线palmate 掌状的palmate leaf 掌状叶palmate nerve 掌状脉palmate vein 掌状脉palmierite 硫钾钠铅矿palpon 触管paludal 沼泽的paludification 沼泽化palygorskite 坡缕石palynoflora 孢粉植物群palynology 孢粉学palynostratigraphy 孢粉地层学pampas 滂沛大草原pan geosyncline 泛地槽pan platform 泛陆台panallotriomorphic granular 全他形晶粒状的panallotriomorphoblastic 全他形变晶的pandermite 白硼钙石pangaea 泛古陆pangeosyncline hypothesis 泛地槽说panidiomorphic 全自形的panning 淘洗panning plate 淘砂盘pantellerite 碱烈pantograph 缩放仪pantometer 万测仪para amphibolite 副闪岩paraallochthon 准移置体parabola of cohesion 内聚力抛物线paracelsian 副钡长石parachronology 实际年代学parachrysotile 副纤维蛇纹石paraclase 断层裂缝paraconformity 似整合paraconglomerate 副砾岩paracoquimbite 紫铁矾paracrosis 脱色paradoxite 肉红长石paraendokinetic crystallization 副内动结晶paraffine base crude oil 石蜡基油paragenesis 共生parageosyncline 副地槽paragneiss 副片麻岩paragonite 钠云母parahopeite 磷锌矿paralaurionite 单斜水氯铅矿paraliageosyncline 滨海地槽paralic 近海的paralimestone 副灰岩parallax 视差parallel 平行的parallel banded structure 平行带状构造parallel cleavage 平行劈理parallel concentric folds 平行褶皱parallel evolution 平行进化parallel faults 平行断层parallel folding 平行褶皱parallel growth 平行共生parallel unconformity 假整合parallel vein 平行脉parallel venation 平行脉paraluminite 丝铝矾paramagnetism 顺磁性parametamorphism 副变质parameter 参数paramontroseite 次铁钒矿paramorph 同质异晶体paramorphic hemihedry 副象半面象parankerite 铁白云石paraperidotite 副橄榄岩paraplatform 准地台parapyroxenite 副辉岩paraquartzite 副石英岩pararock 副变质岩paraschist 副片岩parasedimentary breccia 副沉积角砾岩parasepiolite 多水海泡石paraserpentinite 副蛇纹岩parasilicates 副硅酸盐parasitic crater 寄生火口parasitic fold 寄生褶皱parasitic volcano 寄生火山parasitism 寄生parastratigraphy 实用地层学paratectonics 准构造paratype 副型paravauxite 磷铁铝矿parcel 小区parent element 母元素parent material 母质parent population 母体parent rock 母岩parental magma 母岩浆pargasite 韭角闪石parisite 氟碳钙铈矿parity 宇称paroxism 暴发高潮paroxysm 暴发高潮paroxysm of orogenic cycle 造山旋回粥parsonsite 斜磷铝铀矿partial anatexis 余深溶酌partial automatic 半自动的partial carbondioxide pressure 二氧化碳分压力partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数partial melting 部分熔融partial pressure of vapor 汽分压力partial valence 余价particle 颗粒particle charge 粒子电荷particle size 颗粒大小particle size analysis 粒度分析parting 裂理;夹层partition 划分partition coefficient 分配系数partition equilibrium 分配平衡parts per billion 10 亿分率parts per million 百万分率partschinite 锰铝榴石pascoite 橙钒钙石pass 山口passive remote sensing 被动式遥感pasture grass 牧草patch cord 软线pateraite 黑钼钴矿paternoite 水硼镁石pathogenic bacteria 病源细菌patina 氧化膜patrinite 针硫铋铅矿patronite 绿硫钒矿pattern 模型pattern recognition 模式识别paucilithionite 钾锂云母pawdite 云英微闪长岩pay dirt 可采矿石pay ore 可采矿石pay set 可采油层组pay zone unit 油层单元payable 宜于开采的pea structure 豌豆状结构peak 山顶peak power output 峰值输出功率peak pulse power 脉冲峰值功率peak runoff 最大径流peak voltage 峰值电压pealite 蛋白硅华pear shaped 梨形的pearceite 砷硫锑铜银矿pearly luster 珍珠光泽peastone 豆石peat 泥炭peat bog 泥炭沼泽peat formation 泥炭形成peat land 泥炭地peat soil 泥炭土peatification 泥炭化酌peaty 泥炭的peaty clay 泥炭地pebble 砾石pebble bed 卵石层pebblestone 砾石pebbly sandstone 卵石砂岩pectinate 栉状pectolite 针钠钙石pectoral fin 胸pedal ganglion 足神经节pedalfer 铁铝土pedestal 基座pedicle 肉基pediment 麓原pedion 单面pedionite 熔岩台地pediplain 山麓侵蚀平原pediplanation 山麓准平原化pedocal 钙层土pedogenesis 成土酌pedogeochemistry 土壤地球化学pedologist 土壤学家pedology 土壤学pedometer 计步器计距器pedosphere 土圈peel 皮peeling 去皮peganite 磷矾土pegmatite 伟晶岩pegmatite deposit 伟晶岩矿床pegmatite mineral 伟晶岩矿物pegmatitic 伟晶岩的pegmatitic stage 伟晶岩期pegmatoid 伟晶岩相pegmatophyre 伟斑岩pelagic clay 远海粘土pelagic deposit 深海沉积pelagic facies 远海相pelagic sediment 远海沉积物pelagite 海底锰块pele's hair 火山毛pele's tear 火山泪pelean eruption 培利型火山喷发peleeite 斑苏玄武岩pelionite 烛沥青煤pelite 泥质岩pelitic 泥质的pelitic rock 泥质岩pelitomorphic 泥岩状的pell mell structure 杂乱构造pellet 球团矿pelletizing 球团pellicular water 薄膜水pelma 茎pelmicrite 球粒微晶灰岩peltate leaf 盾形叶pen trace 记录笔迹pencatite 水滑大理岩pencil of light 锥光线pendular regime 摆方法pendulum 摆penecontemporaneous 准同期的peneplain 准平原peneplanation 准平原酌penetrability 贯穿性penetrate 穿入penetrating power 穿透能力penetration 穿透penetration rate 进尺速度penetration ratio 井的穿率penetration twin 穿插双晶penetrative structure 透入性构造penetrometer 透度计penfieldite 六方氯铅矿peninsula 半岛pennant 羽毛状pennate diatoms 羽纹纲pennates 羽纹纲pennine 叶绿泥石penninite 叶绿泥石pennite 绿水云母pennsylvanian 宾夕法尼亚系penroseite 硒铜铅镍矿pentagonal dodecahedron 五角十二面体pentagonal icositetrahedral class 五角三八面体晶族pentahydrite 五水泻盐pentlandite 镍黄铁矿peplolite 块堇青石peptization 胶熔酌peralkaline rock 过碱性岩percentage of consolidation 固结率percentage of modulation 灯度perceptible 易感的perched block 坡栖岩块perched ground water 滞水perched water table 滞水台percolate 过滤percolation 渗透percrystalline 过晶质percussion 冲击percussion boring 冲魂进percussion drill 冲唤钻机percussion drilling 冲魂井percussion drilling machine 冲唤钻机percussion drilling system 冲魂井方法percussion figure 撞晃状percussion marks 慧percussion rotary boring 冲积钻钻探percussive rotary drilling 冲积钻钻探percylite 氯铜铅矿perennial spring 常年泉perennial stream 常劣perennial yield 持久不断的量perfect crystal 理想晶体perfect geosyncline 完整式地槽perfectly mobile components 全活动组分perforation 穿孔perforator 射孔器穿孔器perhyaline 过玻璃质的peribranchial cavity 围鳃腔periclase 方镁石periclinal 穹状的periclinal structure 穹状构造pericline 围斜构造;常钠长石pericline twin 肖钠长石双晶periderm 周皮peridot 橄榄石peridotite 橄榄岩periglacial phenomena 冰缘现象perimagmatic 岩浆缘的perimorph 结壳假象period 纪period of angiosperms 被子植物时代periodic law 周期律periodic motion 周期运动periodic precipitation 周期的沉积periodic system 周期系periodic table of elements 元素周期表periodicity 周期性periostracum 角质层peripheral 周边的peripheral fault 边缘断层periproct 围肛部peristerite 蓝彩钠长石peristome 围口部peritectic 包晶peritectic crystallization 包晶结晶peritectic point 包晶点peritectoid point 包析点peritectoid reaction 包析反应perknite 辉闪岩perlite 珍珠岩perlitic 珍珠状的perlitic structure 珍珠岩结构permafrost 永冻土permafrost table 永久冻土台permalloy 坡莫合金permanent 永久的permanent deformation 永久变形permanent hardness 稳定硬度permanent load 永久负载permanent magnet 永久磁铁permanent magnetic field 永久磁场permanent magnetization 永久磁化permanent set 永久变形permanent wilting point 永久萎蔫点permanganate 高锰酸盐permeability 磁导率permeability barrier 阻渗层permeability coefficient 渗滤系数permeability tensor 渗透率张量permeable 透水的permeameter 磁导计permeance 磁导permian 二叠纪permian period 二叠纪permissible dose 容许剂量permissible error 允许误差permissible load 容许负荷permissible stress 许可应力permissible tolerance 容许剂量permittivity 介电常数permutation 置换permutite 人造沸石perovskite 钙钛矿perowskite 钙钛矿persistent fossil 持续化石perspective 透视画法perspective projection 透视投影perthite 纹长石perthitophyre 条纹长斑岩perturbation 扰动petalite 透锂长石petiole 叶柄petiolule 小叶柄petrifaction 石化petrifactology 化石学petrification 石化petro bitumen 岩石沥青petrochemical trend 岩石化学的球petrochemistry 岩石化学petrofabric analysis 岩组分析petrofabrics 岩组学petrofacies 岩相petrogenesis 岩石成因论petrogenetic element 造岩元素petrogenetic grid 成岩格子petrogenetic model 岩石成因模型petrogenic element 造岩元素petrogeochemistry 岩石地球化学petrogeometry 岩石几何学petrographer 岩石学者petrographic geomorphology 岩石地貌学petrographic microscope 岩石显微镜petrographical formation 岩层petrographical province 岩区petrography 岩石学petroleum 石油petroleum gas 石油气petroleum geology 石油地质学petroleum industry 石油工业petroleum output 采油petroleum reservoir 油贮petroliferous 含油的petroliferous basin 含油盆地petroliferous formation 含油建造petrologen 油母岩petrology 岩石学petromineralogy 岩石矿物学petromorphology 岩石形态学;构造岩石学petrophysics 岩石物理学petrophytes 石生植物petrosilex 潜晶霏细岩petrostratigraphy 岩石地层学petrotectonics 岩石构造学petrous 岩状的petzite 碲金银矿ph indicator ph 指示剂ph value ph 值phacelite 钾霞石phacolite 岩脊phacolith 岩脊phanerite 显晶岩phaneritic 粗晶的phaneritric 显晶质的phanerocryst 显斑晶phanerocrystalline 粗晶的phanerogames 显花植物phanerohyaline 显晶玻质的phanerozoic eons 显生代phantomhorizon 假想层pharmacolite 毒石pharmacosiderite 毒铁矿phase 相位phase boundary potential 界面电压phase compensator 相位补偿器phase contrast microscope 相差显微镜phase control 相位控制phase corrector 相位校正器phase determination 相位测定phase deviation 相位偏移phase diagram 相图phase difference 相位差phase discriminator 鉴相器phase displacement 相移phase equilibrium 相平衡phase inversion 倒相phase inverter 倒相器phase lag 相位滞后phase lead 相位超前phase rule 相律phase spectrum 相位谱phase splitting 分相phase swinging 相位摆动phase transition 相变phase velocity 相位速度;相速度phenacite 硅铍石phenanthroline 菲统啉phengite 多硅白云母phenocryst 斑晶phenomena of volcanism 火山现象phillipsite 钙十字石phlebite 脉成岩类phlogopite 金云母phoenicochroite 红铬铅矿pholerite 鳞高岭石pholidolite 绿硬云母phonolite 响岩phonolitic 响岩状的phosgenite 角铅矿phosphate 磷酸盐phosphatic fertilizer 磷肥phosphorescence 磷光phosphoric acid 磷酸phosphorite 磷灰岩phosphoroscope 磷光计phosphoruranylite 磷铀矿phosphorus 磷phosphosiderite 磷铁矿photic zone 透光层photo interpretation 像片判读photocathode 光电阴极photochemical reaction 光化反应photoconductive effect 内光电效应photocurrent 光电流photoelastic model 光弹性模型photoelasticity 光弹性photoelectric absorption 光电吸收photoelectric cell 光电池photoelectric effect 光电效应photoelectric emission 光电子放射photoelectric threshold 光电效应阈值photoelectric tube 光电管photoelectron 光电子photogenic animals 发光动物photogeology 摄影地质学photogeomorphology 航摄地貌学photogrammetry 摄影测量学photographic 摄影的photographic detection 照相探测photographic dosimeter 摄影剂量仪photographic recording 照相记录photomultiplier tube 光电倍增管photoneutron 光激中子photoreceptor 感光器受光体photostratigraphy 摄影地层学phototropism 向光性phreatic decline 地下水位下降phreatic eruption 蒸汽喷发phreatic explosion 蒸汽爆发phreatic fluctuation 地下水面波动phreatic gas 准火山瓦斯phreatic rise 地下水上升phreatic zone 潜水带phycology 藻类学phyllite 千枚岩phyllitic 千枚状的phyllodium 假叶phyllosilicate 页硅酸盐phyllosilicates 层状硅酸盐phyllotaxis 叶序phyllotaxy 叶序phylogenesis 种系发生phylogenetic classification 系统分类phylogenetic tree 系统树系谱树phylogeny 种系发生phylum 门physical analysis 物理分析physical atomic weight scale 物理原子量标度physical geography 自然地理学physical oceanography 物理海洋学physical properties 物理性质physical weathering 物理风化physiognomy 外貌physiography 地文学physiological dryness 生理干燥phytochemistry 植物化学phytoclimate 植物气候phytocoenosis 植物群落phytoecology 植物生态学phytogeography 植物地理学phytolithology 植物化石学phytoncide 植物杀菌素phytophagous 食植物的phytophagous animals 食植动物phytoplankton 浮游植物phytosociology 植物社会学picite 土磷铁矿pick 鹤嘴镐pick hand 手选pick ore 手选pickeringite 镁茂picking 手选picnometer 比重瓶picotite 铬尖晶石picric acid 苦味酸picrite 苦橄岩picrochromite 镁铬矿picrolite 硬蛇纹石picrolonic acid 苦硝酸picromerite 软钾镁矾picropharmacolite 镁毒石picture element 像素picture reproduction 图像再生picture telegraphy 传真电披piedmont 山麓piedmont alluvial plain 山前冲积平原piedmont benchland 山麓阶地piedmont glacier 山麓冰川piedmont plain 山麓冲积平原piedmontite 红帘石piedmontite schist 红帘石片岩piemontite 红帘石pienaarite 富榍霓霞正长岩piercing 刺穿piestic 压缩度测定的piezochemistry 压力化学piezoclase 挤压节理piezocrystallization 压结晶piezoelectricity 压电性piezometer 压力计piezometric 压缩度测定的piezometric head 测压水头piezometric potential 测压的势能piezometric surface 水压面piezoremanent magnetization 压剩余磁化pig iron 生铁pigeonite 易变辉石pilandite 歪长正长斑岩pilarite 铝硅孔雀石pilbarite 硅铀铅钍矿pile 堆pillar 柱pillow lava 枕状熔岩pillow like 枕状的pillow structure 枕状构造pilot balloon 测风气球pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测pilotaxitic 交织的pilotaxitic texture 交织结构pimelite 脂光蛇纹石pinacoid 双面。
常见地质专业英文词汇
常见地质专业英文词汇1常见地质专业英文词汇作者：矿业界来源：MiningWorld发布时间：2016-08-05《矿业界》特此分类为大家整理了一些常用的专业初级英文词汇，空闲时间多看看，至少不得眼熟吗？速速收藏！另外别忘了分享给你们的好基友！一、地质年代RelativeTime相对年代/AbsoluteTime绝对年代isotopicage同位素年龄lawofsuperposition地层层序律lawoffaunalsuccession生物层序律fossil化石indexfossil标准化石chronologicscale地质年代表eon宙/era代/period纪/epoch世eonothem宇/arethem界/system系/series统Archaeozoicera（erathem）太古代（界）Proterozoicera（erathem）元古代（界）Palaeozoicera（erathem）古生代（界）Mesozoicera（erathem）中生代（界）Cenozoicera（erathem）新生代（界）Sinianperiod（system）震旦纪（系）Cambrianperiod（system）寒武纪（系）2Ordovicianperiod（system）奥陶纪（系）Silurianperiod（system）志留纪（系）Devonianperiod（system）泥盆纪（系）Carboniferousperiod（system）石炭纪（系）Permianperiod（system）二叠纪（系）Triassicperiod（system）三叠纪（系）Jurassicperiod（system）侏罗纪（系）Cretaceousperiod（system）白垩纪（系）Tertiaryperiod（system）第三纪（系）Quaternaryperiod（system）第四纪（系）二、矿物element元素isotope同位素radioactiveisotope放射性同位素stableisotope稳定同位素clarkenumber克拉克值mineral矿物crystal晶体crystalline结晶质amorphoussubstance非晶质crystalform晶形classification分类chemicalbond化学键polymorphism同质多像isomorphism类质同像aggregate集合体degreeofrounding磨圆度3degreeofgrains粒度transparency透明度luster光泽streak条痕color颜色hardness硬度cleavage解理fracture断口;断裂silicateminerals硅酸盐矿物siliconoxygentetrahedron硅氧四面体三、岩石与成岩作用1.岩浆作用与火成岩petrology岩石学igneousrock火成岩structure构造texture结构mineralcomposition矿物组成magmatism岩浆作用magma岩浆Extrusion喷出作用（火山作用）：pyroclasticrocks火山碎屑岩lava熔岩ash火山灰bomb火山弹columnarjoint柱状节理pahoehoelava波状熔岩blocklava块状熔岩komatiite科马提岩crater火山口caldera破火山口circumpacificvolcanicbelt4环太平洋火山带intrusion侵入作用countryrock围岩assimilation同化混染作用xenolith捕虏体fractionalcrystallization结晶分异作用continuousreaction连续反应系列discontinuousreaction不连续反应系dike岩脉/sheet岩床/rockbasin岩盆laccolith岩盖/stock岩株/batholith岩基cryptocrystallinetexture隐晶质结构phanerocrystallinetexture显晶质结构porphyritictexture斑状结构porphyaceoustexture似斑状结构massivestructure块状构造flowedstructure流动构造fumarolicstructure气孔构造layeredstructure层状构造intrusive（invade）rock侵入岩effusiverock喷出岩plutonicrock深成岩pypabyssalrock浅成岩acidrock酸性岩intermediaterock中性岩basicrock基性岩ultrabasicrock超基性岩granite花岗岩porphyry斑岩porphyrite玢岩rhyolite流纹岩syenite正长岩trachyte粗面岩diorite闪长岩andesite安山岩gabbro辉长岩basalt玄武岩aplite细晶岩pegmatite伟晶岩lamprophyre煌斑岩diabase辉绿岩dunite橄榄岩pumice浮岩2.外力地质作用与沉积岩fossil化石5sedimentaryrock沉积岩atmosphere大气圈biosphere生物圈hydrosphere水圈transportation搬运作用sedimentation沉积作用(广义)deposition沉积作用(狭义) clasticdeposits碎屑沉积物chemicalsediments化学沉积物biogenicsediment生物沉积物compaction压固作用cementation胶结作用recrystallization重结晶作用detritaltexture碎屑结构sorting分选性roundness圆度sedimentarystructure沉积构造bedding层理crossbedding交错层理stratificationplane层面ripple/wave/swashmark波痕mudcrack/desiccationcrack泥裂stylolites缝合线concretion/nodule结核casts/Molds印模agate玛瑙clastic碎屑sediment（deposit）沉积物、沉积层boulder漂石、顽石cobble卵石gravel砾石sand砂silt粉土clay粘土sandyclay砂质粘土clayeysand粘质砂土sandyloam壤土、亚黏土regolith（topsoil）浮土（表土）loess黄土laterite红土peat泥炭ooze软泥（海泥）clayrock黏土岩chemicalrock化学岩6biolith生物岩conglomerate砾岩sandstone砂岩siltstone粉砂岩mudstone泥岩shale页岩salinerock岩盐limestone石灰岩dolomite白云岩marl泥灰岩volcanicbreccia火山角砾岩volcanicagglomerate火山块集岩tuffite凝灰岩warmkalk竹叶状灰岩ooliticlimestone鲕粒灰岩Mudstone泥晶灰岩3.变质作用与变质岩Metamorphism变质作用metamorphicrock变质岩geostaticpressure静压力coesite柯石英crystalloblastictexture变晶结构blast变晶palimpsesttexture变余结构slatystructure板状构造phylliticstructure千枚状构造schistosestructure片状构造schistosity片理gneissosestructure片麻状构造palimpseststructure变余构造contact-metasomaticmetamorphism 接触热变质作用contact-metasomaticmetamorphism 接触交代变质作用regionalmetamorphism区域变质作用burialmetamorphism 埋藏变质作用migmatization混合岩化作用slate板岩phyllite千枚岩schist片岩gneiss片麻岩7quartzite石英岩marble大理岩mylonite糜棱岩migmatite混合岩cataclasite碎裂岩四、地质构造Fault断层normalfault正断层reversedfault逆断层paralledfault平移断层gouge断层泥stria擦痕joint节理primaryjoint原生节理secondary次生节理tensionjoint张节理unloadingjoint卸荷节理schistosity片理bedding层理foliation板理（叶理）ripplemark波痕mudcrack泥痕rainprint雨痕orientationofbedrock岩层产状strike走向dip倾向angleofdip（dipangle）倾角fold褶皱8anticline背斜syncline向斜monocline（homocline）单斜dome穹隆softstratum软弱岩层zoneoffracture（brokenzone）破碎带affectedzone影响带platystructure板状构造cleavage解理fracture（rupture）断裂fissure（crackfracture）裂隙crustalmovement地壳运动contourmap等高线图，构造图oldshoreline古岸线pinchout地层尖灭truncationofbeds地层截断sandtrend砂层趋势strata/beds岩层，地层symmetricalanticline对称背斜plungingasymmetricalanticline 不对称倾伏背斜plungingsyncline倾伏向斜thrustfault逆掩断层lateralfault平移断层rotationalfault旋转断层upthrustfault仰冲断层conformity整合unconformity不整合disconformity假整合angularunconformity角度不整合saltdome盐丘domewithdeepsaltcore具有盐核的穹隆vitrinite镜质体geologicalprofile地质剖面outcrops露头unweatheredoutcrops未经风化的露头cuttings岩屑core岩心五、板块学说与地球内部构造9Hypocenter震源Epicenter震中Tsunami海啸tectonicearthquake构造地震volcanicearthquake火山地震seismograph地震仪longitudinalwave纵波transversalwave横波epicentraldistance震中距isoseismalline等震线magnitude震级aerolite石陨石aerosiderite铁陨石pallasite石铁陨mohorovicicdiscontinuity莫霍面gutenbergdiscontinuity古登堡面crus地壳mantle地幔core地核match asthenosphere软流圈lithosphere岩石圈oceaniccrust大洋地壳continentalcrust大陆地壳continentaldrift大陆漂移pangaea联合古陆Laurasia(old)land劳亚古陆gondwanaland冈瓦纳古陆Tethys古地中海10 mantleconvectionhypothesis 地幔对流说oceanfloorspreading海底扩张platetectonics板块构造midoceanicridge洋脊rift裂谷activecontinentalmargin活动大陆边缘stablecontinentalmargin稳定大陆边缘volcanicarc火山弧Trench海沟benioffzone毕鸟夫带collisionalorogenicbelt碰撞造山带guyot海底平顶山islandchain岛链mantleplume地幔柱hotspot热点magneticinclination磁倾角magneticdeclination磁偏角geomagneticreversal地磁逆转transformfault转换断层wilsoncycle威尔逊旋回platemargin板块边缘六、风化作用physicalweathering物理风化chemicalweathering化学风化11 spheroidalweathering球状风化differentialweathering差异风化soil土壤weatheringcrust风化壳1.有关河流地质作用sheetflow片流torrent洪流deluvium坡积物proluvialfan冲积扇gully冲沟valley河谷riverbed河床baseleveloferosion侵蚀基准面headerosion溯源侵蚀crescentlake牛轭湖capture袭夺turbulence紊流aggradation加积作用delta三角洲terrace阶地erosionplain准平原2.有关冰川地质作用snowline雪线continentalglacier大陆冰川mountainglacier山岳冰川piedmontglacier山麓冰川glacialvalley冰蚀谷kar冰斗rochemoutonnee羊背石glacialscratches冰川擦痕glacialtill冰碛物tillite冰碛岩glacialerraticboulder冰川漂砾varve季候泥3.有关地下水地质作用Aquifer含水层aquiclude隔水层watertable潜水层hypogenespring上升泉gravityspring下降泉groundwater潜水confinedwater承压水porewater孔隙水crackwater/fissurewater裂隙水12cavernwater溶洞水geothermalfield地热田stalactite钟乳石sinter泉华4.有关海洋地质作用Benthos底栖生物Haloplankton浮游生物Wave波浪tidalcurrent潮流turbiditycurrent浊流lagoon泻湖offshore外滨foreshore前滨backshore后滨5.有关湖泊、沼泽地质作用tectoniclake构造湖paternosterlakes串珠湖barrierlake堰塞湖saltlake盐湖peat泥炭fen沼泽6.有关风地质作用Corrosion磨蚀Ventifact风棱石sandhill砂丘barchane/barkhan新月形砂丘desert沙漠loess黄土desertification沙漠化六、地球演化ravitativedifferentiation重力分异protoatmosphere原始气圈ediacarafauna埃迪卡拉动物群continentalnucleus陆核shield地盾trilobite三叶虫graptolites笔石cephalopoda头足纲Brachiopoda腕足类Dinosaurs恐龙Archaeopteryx始祖鸟Paleogeography古地理。
常用地质学英语词汇
2.GEOLOGY地质2.1 LITHOLOGYCASSIFICATIONANDDESCRIPTIONORDER 岩性分类与描述顺序2.1.1 RockTypes岩石类型SediSedimentry沉积岩clasclastic碎屑岩sssandstone砂岩mdstmudstone泥岩shshale页岩clyst,clstclaystone粘土岩biospbiosparte生物亮晶灰岩biomibiomicrite生物微晶灰岩clcarcalcarenite灰屑岩，钙屑灰岩clcltcalcilutite泥屑石灰岩micrmicrite微晶灰岩clcrdcalcirudite砾屑石灰岩clsltcalcisilitite粉砂屑石灰岩grstgrainstone粒状灰岩ooliticlimestone鲕状灰岩IgneousRock火成岩intrusiveigneous侵入岩extrusiveigneous喷出岩volccolcanic火山岩grtgranite花岗岩drdiorite闪长岩grdrgranodiorite花岗闪长岩qudrquartzdiorite石英闪长岩drpodioriteporphyrite闪长玢岩syenite正长岩gab,gbgabbro辉长岩qupoquartzporphyrite石英玢岩tntanchocchocolate褐色ochochve褐色，黄褐色olvolive橄榄色crmcream奶油色mottmotted杂色，斑点voclvaricoloree杂色的ambamber琥珀色ltlight淡的dk,drkdark暗的cccolorcode颜色代码2.1.3 Hardness硬度VHDveryhard非常硬MHDmiddlehard中硬Hhard硬SFTsoft软VSFTverysoft非常软2.1.4 Roundness磨圆sharpangular尖棱状angleangular棱角状subanglesubangular次棱角状subrndsubround次圆状rndround圆状ffairquartzizose石英质的nacnacreous珍珠质2.1.8 AccessoriesofRock岩石的次要成分minmineral矿物accessarymineral次生矿物qz,qtzquartz石英mic,micamicaceous云母muscmuscovite白云母biotbiotite黑云母srctsericite绢云母fldfeldspar长石orthorthpclase正长石plagplagioclase斜长石gabgabbro辉长石pypyrite黄铁矿lmtlimonite褐铁矿magmagnetite磁铁矿calccalcite方解石doldolomite白云石gypgypsum石膏anhyanhydite无水石膏sasalt盐conoconodont牙形虫crincrinoid海百合TentTentaculities竹节石属mollmollusc软体动物EchEchinoid海胆类（棘皮动物）BryBryozoa苔藓动物门CephCephalipod头足纲（软体类）BelmBelmnifera箭石属（头足类）BrachBrachinopoda腕足类（动物门）CypCypridopsis斗星介属（介形类）foramforaminifera有孔虫类EndoEndothgra内卷虫属（有孔虫类）GlobGlobigerina抱球虫属（有孔虫类）GastGasttropod腹足纲（软体动物）FusFusulinicl纺锤蜓2.1.9 DepositionalDistinguishingFeature沉积识别特征sedimentarystructure沉积构造bddbeded层状的bnddbanded层状的bandband夹层xlamcrosslaminated交错层理xbddcrossbeded交错层poor5clvgclesvage解理，劈理crystalorgrainsize晶体形状与颗粒大小texture结构lstrlustre光泽silky丝绢光泽swellingproperties膨胀度，膨胀性solubiling吸水性accessorymineral次生矿2.1.11 ExaminationforHydrocarbonShows油气显示鉴定hydrocarbonindication油气显示oilshowdescription油气显示描述fluorescenceobservation荧光观察dirfluodirectfluorescence湿照samplefluorescence干照cutfluocuttingfluorescence滴照solventfluorescence浸泡照射nofluonofluorescence无荧光显示microtrace显示相当微弱trace微弱present有，中等important强veryimportant很强7,LUSTER光泽Thecommonusedtermsofthelusterare:关于光泽一般常使用的词组有：coatedpittedfrosteddeeplyetchedfrostysilky覆盖物坑状物霜状表面深度侵蚀霜状的丝绢光泽oilyvitreousglassyshinytranslucentearthy油脂光泽透明的玻璃的发亮的半透明的泥土状waxysootyveletysoapyresinous蜡状的乌黑色天鹅绒状肥皂状树脂状8,CEMENTATION胶结，胶结物calcitedolomitesulfatesironoxidessilicapyriteclayssilts方解石白云石硫酸盐氧化铁硅质黄铁矿粘土粉砂siderite菱铁矿9,STRUCTURE构造Thestructureofsandstonerefersto:砂岩的构造一般是指：laminationsfracturesfracturespatternsbandingnodular纹理裂缝裂缝形式条纹结核状Thecommonstructuresofshalesandsiltstoneare:页岩和粉砂岩的构造是指：massivelumpyplatylaminatedfoliatedfissile块状团块状纹层状薄片状裂片状splinteryflakey鲕粒可分类为：扁球形，球形，椭圆状，不规则状，拉平状4,TEXTURE结构seetothefigure2.3.4（参见表2。
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地质矿产英语常用词汇：岩石类型（rock type）petrology 岩石学[pi:'trɔlədʒi]igneous rock 火成岩['iɡniəs]magmatic rock 岩浆岩['mægmətik]lava（vocanic rock）火山岩['lɑ:və, 'lævə]intrusive（invade）rock 侵入岩[in'tru:siv]effusive rock 喷出岩[i'fju:siv]plutonic rock 深成岩[plu:'tɔnik]pypabyssal rock 浅成岩acid rock 酸性岩['æsid]intermediate rock 中性岩[,intə'mi:djət, -dieit]basic rock 基性岩['beisik]ultrabasic rock 超基性岩[,ʌltrə'beisik]granite 花岗岩['ɡrænit]porphyry 斑岩['pɔ:firi]porphyrite 玢岩['pɔ:firait]rhyolite ['raiəlait] 流纹岩syenite ['saiinait] 正长岩trachyte ['treikait, 'træ-] 粗面岩diorite [daiərait] 闪长岩andesite ['ændizait] 安山岩gabbro ['ɡæbrəu] 辉长岩basalt ['bæsɔ:lt] 玄武岩aplite ['æplait] 细晶岩pegmatite ['peɡmətait] 伟晶岩lamprophyre ['læmprə,faiə] 煌斑岩diabase ['daiəbeis] 辉绿岩dunite ['dʌnait] 橄榄岩pumice ['pʌmis] 浮岩sedimentary rock [,sedi'mentəri] 沉积岩clastic ['klæstik] 碎屑岩clay rock [klei] 黏土岩chemical rock ['kemikəl] 化学岩biolith ['baiəuliθ]生物岩conglomerate [kən'ɡlɔmərət, -reit, kən'ɡlɔməreit] 砾岩siltstone ['siltstəun] 粉砂岩mudstone ['mʌdstəun] 泥岩shale [ʃeil] 页岩saline rock ['seilain, -li:n] 岩盐limestone ['laimstəun] 石灰岩dolomite ['dɔləmait] 白云岩marl [mɑ:l] 泥灰岩volcanic breccia [vɔl'kænik] ['bretʃiə] 火山角砾岩volcanic agglomerate [ə'ɡlɔmərət, -reit, ə'ɡlɔməreit] 火山块集岩tuff [tʌf] 凝灰岩metamorphic rock [,metə'mɔ:fik] 变质岩slate [sleit] 板岩phyllite 千枚岩schist 片岩gneiss [nais] 片麻岩quartzite ['kwɔ:tsait] 石英岩marble ['mɑ:bl] 大理岩mylonite ['mailənait, 'mil-] 糜棱岩migmatite ['miɡmətait] 混合岩cataclasite 碎裂岩sediment（deposit）['sedimənt] 沉积物、沉积层boulder ['bəuldə] 漂石、顽石cobble ['kɔbl] 卵石gravel ['ɡrævəl] 砾石sand [sænd] 砂silt [silt] 粉土clay [klei] 粘土sandy clay 砂质粘土clayey sand 粘质砂土sandy loam [ləum] 壤土、亚黏土regolith（topsoil）['reɡəliθ]浮土（表土）loess ['ləuis] 黄土laterite ['lætərait] 红土peat [pi:t] 泥炭ooze [u:z] 软泥（海泥）地质矿产英语常用词汇：岩矿物理性质（physical character of minerals）hardness ['hɑ:dnis] 硬度luster ['lʌstə] 光泽color ['kʌlə] 颜色transparency（pellucidity）[træns'pærənsi, -'pεə-, trænz-, trɑ:n-] 透明度streak [stri:k] 条痕rent（fracture）[rent] 断口crystal form ['kristəl] 晶形classification [/,klæsifi'keiʃən/] 分类structure ['strʌktʃə] 构造texture ['tekstʃə] 结构fabric ['fæbrik] 组成mineral composition [,kɔmpə'ziʃən] 矿物组成crystalline ['kristəlain] 结晶质amorphous substance [ə'mɔ:fəs] ['sʌbstəns]非晶质fossil ['fɔsəl] 化石degree of rounding ['raundiŋ]磨圆度degree of grains [ɡreins] 粒度地质矿产英语常用词汇：工程地质（engineering geology）geotechnics（geotechnique）土工学、土工技术、岩石工程rock mechanics 岩石力学soil mechanics 土力学geomechanics 地质力学（岩石力学）engineering geological conditions 工程地质条件engineering geological problems 工程地质问题rock mass structure 岩体结构geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形地貌条件geophysical phenomenon 物理地质现象hydrogeological conditions 水文地质条件natural materials 天然材料reservoir 水库settlement 沉降displacement 位移deformation 变形tectonic stress 构造应力residual stress 残余应力angle of internal friction 内摩擦角cohesion 内聚力（凝聚力、粘聚力）pressure tunnel 压力隧洞underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室overburden 覆盖物bed rock（base rock foundation rock）基岩firm rock（sound rock）硬岩weak rock（soft rock）软岩interbed 夹层zone of fracture（broken zones）破碎带homogeneity 均质性nonhomogeneity（heterogeneity）非均质性isotropy 各向同性anisotropy 各向异性地质矿产英语常用词汇：地质构造（geologic structure）fault [fɔ:lt] 断层normal fault ['nɔ:məl] 正断层reversed fault [ri'və:st] 逆断层paralled fault 平移断层gouge [ɡaudʒ] 断层泥stria ['straiə] 擦痕joint [dʒɔint] 节理primary joint ['praiməri] 原生节理secondary ['sekəndəri] 次生节理tension joint ['tenʃən] 张节理unloading joint [,ʌn'ləudiŋ]卸荷节理schistosity [ʃis'tɔsiti] 片理bedding ['bediŋ]层理foliation 板理（叶理）ripple mark ['ripl] 波痕mud crack [mʌd] [kræk]泥痕rain print 雨痕orientation of bedrock [,ɔ:rien'teiʃən, əu-] 岩层产状strike [straik] 走向dip [dip] 倾向angle of dip（dip angle）倾角fold [fəuld] 褶皱anticline ['æntiklain] 背斜syncline ['siŋklain, 'sin-] 向斜monocline（homocline）['mɔnəuklain] 单斜dome [dəum] 穹隆soft stratum 软弱岩层zone of fracture（broken zone）破碎带affected zone 影响带platy structure 板状构造cleavage ['kli:vidʒ] 解理fracture（rupture）['fræktʃə] 断裂fissure（crack fracture）['fiʃə] 裂隙地质矿产英语常用词汇：地质年代（geochronology of geologic time）Archaeozoic era（erathem），太古代（界）Proterozoic era（erathem），元古代（界）Palaeozoic era（erathem），古生代（界）Mesozoic era（erathem），中生代（界）Cenozoic era（erathem），新生代（界）Sinian period（system），震旦纪（系）Cambrian period（system），寒武纪（系）Ordovician period（system），奥陶纪（系）Silurian period（system），志留纪（系）Devonian period（system），泥盆纪（系）Carboniferous period（system），石炭纪（系）Permian period（system），二叠纪（系）Triassic period（system），三叠纪（系）Jurassic period（system），侏罗纪（系）Cretaceous period（system），白垩纪（系）Tertiary period（system），第三纪（系）Quaternary period（system），第四纪（系）。