船舶设计英文翻译
船舶设计外文翻译---船舶在开敞水域和受限航道的坐底现象
附录二、外文翻译<文献翻译一：原文>ship squat in open water andin confined channelsWhat exactly is ship squat?When a ship proceeds through water, she pushes water ahead of her. In order not to leave a ‘hole’ in the water, this volume of water must return down the sides and under the bottom of the ship. The streamlines of return flow are speeded up under the ship. This causes a drop in pressure, resulting in the ship dropping vertically in the water.As well as dropping vertically, the ship generally trims for’d or aft. Ship squat thus is made up of two components, namely mean bodily sinkage plus a trimming effect. If the ship is on evenC being considered.keel when static, the trimming effect depends on the ship type andbThe overall decrease in the static underkeel clearance (ukc), for’d or aft, is called ship squat. It is not the difference between the draughts when stationary and the draughts when the ship is moving ahead.If the ship moves forward at too great a speed when she is in shallow water, say where this static even-keel ukc is 1.0–1.5 m, then grounding due to excessive squat could occur at the bow or at the stern.For full-form ships such as Supertankers or OBO vessels, grounding will occur generally at the bow. For fine-form vessels such as Passenger Liners or Container ships the grounding will generally occur at the stern. This is assuming that they are on even keel when stationary.C is >0.700, then maximum squat will occur at the bow.IfbC is <0.700, then maximum squat will occur at the stern.IfbC is very near to 0.700, then maximum squat will occur at the stern,amidships and at theIfbbow. The squat will consist only of mean bodilysinkage, with no trimming effects.It must be generally, because in the last two decades, several ship types have tended to be shorter in length between perpendiculars (LBP) and wider in Breadth Moulded (Br. Mld). This has lead to reported groundings due to ship squat at the bilge strakes at or near to amidships when rolling motions have been present.Why has ship squat become so important in the last 40 years?Ship squat has always existed on smaller and slower vessels when under-way. These squats have only been a matter of centimetres and thus have been inconsequential.However, from the mid-1960s to this new millennium, ship size steadily has grown until we have Supertankers of the order of 350 000 tonnes dead-weight (dwt) and above. These Supertankers have almost out-grown the Ports they visit, resulting in small static even-keel ukc of only 1.0–1.5 m.Alongside this development in ship size has been an increase in service speed on several ships, e.g. Container ships, where speeds have gradually increased from 16 up to about 25 kt.Ship design has seen tremendous changes in the 1980s and 1990s. In Oil Tanker design we have the ‘Jahre Viking’ with a dwt of 564 739 tonnes and an LBP of 440 m. This is equivalent tothe length of five football pitches.In 2002, the biggest Container ship to date, namely the ‘Hong Kong Express’ came into service. She has a dwt of 82 800 tonnes, a service speed of 25.3 kt, an LBP of 304 m, Br. Mld of 42.8 m and a draft moulded of 13 m.As the static ukc have decreased and as the service speeds have increased, ship squats have gradually increased. They can now be of the order of 1.50-1.75m, which are of course by no means inconsequential.Department of Transport ‘M’ noticesIn the UK, over the last 20 years the UK Department of Transport have shown their concern by issuing four ‘M’ notices concerning the problems of ship squat and accompanying problems in shallow water. These alert all Mariners to the associated dangers.Signs that a ship has entered shallow water conditions can be one or more of the following:1. Wave-making increases, especially at the forward end of the ship.2. Ship becomes more sluggish to manoeuvre. A pilot’s quote … ‘almost like being in porridge.’3. Draught indicators on the bridge or echo sounders will indicate changes in the end draughts.4. Propeller rpm indicator will show a decrease. If the ship is in ‘open water’ conditions, i.e. without breadth restrictions, this decrease may be up to 15% of the Service rpm in deep water. If the ship is in a confined channel, this decrease in rpm can be up to 20% of the service rpm.5. There will be a drop in speed. If the ship is in open water conditions this decrease may be up to 30%. If the ship is in a confined channel such as a river or a canal then this decrease can be up to 60%.6. The ship may start to vibrate suddenly. This is because of the entrained water effects causing the natural hull frequency to become resonant with another frequency associated with the vessel.7. Any rolling, pitching and heaving motions will all be reduced as ship moves from deep water to shallow water conditions. This is because of the cushioning effects produced by the narrow layer of water under the bottom shell of the vessel.8.Turning circle diameter (TCD) increases. TCD in shallow water could increase 100%.9. Stopping distances and stopping times increase, compared to when a vessel is in deep waters.10. Rudder is less effective when a ship is in shallow waters.What are the factors governing ship squat?The main factor is ship speed V. Detailed analysis has shown that squat varies as speed to the power of 2.08. However, squat can be said to vary approximately with the speed squared. In other words, we can take as an example that if we have the speed we quarter the squat. Put another way, if we double the speed we quadruple the squat!!In this context, speed V is the ship’s speed relative to the water. Effect of current/tide speed with or against the ship must therefore be taken into account.Another important factor is the block coefficient CB. Squat varies directly with CB. Oil Tankers will therefore have comparatively more squat than Passenger Liners.Procedures for reducing ship squat1. Reduce the mean draft of the vessel if possible by the discharge of water ballast. This causes two reductions in one:(a) At the lower draft, the block coefficient CB will be slightly lower in value, although with Passenger Liners it will not make for a signifi-cant reduction. (b) At the lower draft, for a similar water depth, the H/T will be higher in value. It has been shown that higher H/T values lead to smaller squat values.2. Move the vessel into deeper water depths. For a similar mean ship draft, H/T will increase, leading again to a decrease in ship squat.3. When in a river if possible, avoid interaction effects from nearby moving ships or with adjacent riverbanks. A greater width of water will lead to less ship squat unless the vessel is outside her width of influence.4. The quickest and most effective way to reduce squat is to reduce the speed of the ship.False draftsIf a moored ship’s drafts are read at a quayside when there is an ebb tide of say 4 kt then the draft readings will be false. They will be incorrect because the ebb tide will have caused a mean bodily sinkage and trimming effects. In many respects this is similar to the ship moving forward at a speed of 4 kt. It is actually a case of the squatting of a static ship.It will appear that the ship has more tonnes displacement than she actually has. If a Marine Draft Survey is carried out at the next Port of Call (with zero tide speed), there will be a deficiency in the displacement ‘constant.’ O bviously, larger ships such as Supertankers and Passenger Liners will have greater errors in displacement predictions.SummaryIn conclusion, it can be stated that if we can predict the maximum ship squat for a given situation then the following advantages can be gained:1. The ship operator will know which speed to reduce to in order to ensure the safety of his/her vessel. This could save the cost of a very large repair bill. It has been reported in technical press that the repair bill for the QEII was $13 million … plus an estimate for lost Passenger bookings of $50 million!!2. The ship officers could load the ship up an extra few centimetres (except of course where load-line limits would be exceeded). If a 100 000 tonnesdwt Tanker is loaded by an extra 30 cm or an SD14 General Cargo ship is loaded by an extra 20 cm, the effect is an extra 3% onto their dwt. This gives these ships extra earning capacity.3. If the ship grounds due to excessive squatting in shallow water, then apart from the large repairb ill, there is the time the ship is ‘out of service’. Being ‘out of service’ is indeed very costly because loss of earnings can be as high as £100 000 per day.4. When a vessel goes aground there is always a possibility of leakage of oil resulting in compensation claims for oil pollution and fees for clean-up operations following the incident. These costs eventually may have to be paid for by the shipowner.备注：Dr C.B.Barrass．Ship Design and Performance for Masters and Mates[M]．Butterworth-Hei nemann，2004．148~179<文献翻译一：译文>船舶在开敞水域和受限航道的坐底现象什么是船舶的坐底现象?当船舶在水中向前航行时，她会推开在船首的水。
船舶专业英语词汇
船舶专业英语词汇anchor shackle 锚卸扣船舶专业英语词汇ancho rstock 锚杆angle bar 角钢船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（一）angle of attack 攻角a faired se tangle plate 角钢of lines 经过光顺处理的一套型线 astereopair of photographsangle d deck 斜角甲板一对立体投影相片abaft 朝向船体anticipated loads encountered at sea 在波浪中遭遇到的预期载荷abandonment cost 船舶废置成本费用anti-pitching fins 减纵摇鳍accommodation 居住（舱室）antir oll fins accommodation ladder 舷梯减摇鳍 anti-rolling tank 减摇水舱adjus t valv e 调节阀 appendage 附体adjustable-pitch 可调螺距式artis an admiralt y 海军部技工assembly line 装配流水线 advance coeffici ent 进速系数at-sea replenishment 海上补给 aerostat ic 空气静力学的augment of resistance 阻力增额 aft peak bulkhead 艉尖舱壁auxiliar y systems 辅机系统 aft peak tank 艉尖舱auxiliar y tan k 调节水舱 ailer on 副鳍axia l advance 轴向进速 air cushion vehicl e 气垫船backing structur eair diffuser 空气扩散器垫衬结构 back-up member焊接垫板air intake 进气口 balance weight 平衡锤aircr aft carri er 航空母舰 bal l bearing air-driven water pump 气动水泵滚珠轴承 bal l valve 球阀 airfo il 气翼，翼剖面，机面，方向舵 balla st tank 压载水舱 alignmen t chock 组装校准用垫楔bar 型材aluminum alloystructure 铝合金结构bar keelAmerican Bureau of Shipping棒龙骨，方龙骨，矩形龙骨美国船级社 amidship s 舯 barge 驳船baseline 基线amphibious 两栖的basic designancho r arm 锚臂基本设计batte n 压条，板条ancho r chain 锚链beam 船宽，梁ancho r crown 锚冠beam bracke t 横梁肘板ancho r fluke 锚爪beam knee 横梁肘板ancho r mouth 锚唇bed-plate girder 基座纵桁ancho r reces s 锚穴bending-momentcurves 弯矩曲线Benoulli’slaw 伯努利定律 brake cran karm 制动曲柄bert h term 停泊期 brak e drum 刹车卷筒 beve l 折角brak e hydraul ic cylinder 制动液压缸 bidder 投标人 brak ehydraul ic pipe 刹车液压管bilg e 舭，舱底breadth extreme 最大宽，计算宽度bilg e bracke t 舭肘板 breadth moulded型宽bilg e radius 舭半径 breakbulk 件杂货 bilg e sounding pipe 舭部边舱水深探管 breasthook 艏肘板bitt 单柱系缆桩 bridge 桥楼，驾驶台blad e roo t 叶跟 bridge console stand 驾驶室集中操作台 blad e sectio n 叶元剖面 BSRA英国船舶研究协会blas t 喷丸 buckle 屈曲 bloc k coefficie nt 方形系数buff er spring 缓冲弹簧blue pete r 出航旗built-up plate section 组合型材 boardin g deck 登艇甲板bulb plate 球头扁钢boat davi t 吊艇架 bulbous bow 球状船艏，球鼻首boat fall 吊艇索bulk carrie r 散货船boat guy 稳艇索 bulk oi l carri er 散装油轮 bobstay首斜尾拉索 bulkhea d 舱壁 body pla n横剖面图bulwark 舷墙bolt 螺栓，上螺栓固定 bulwark plate 舷墙板 Bonjean curve 邦戎曲线 bulwark stay 舷墙支撑boom 吊杆buoy tende r 航标船 boss 螺旋桨轴榖 buoyant 浮力的bottom side girder 旁底桁 buoyant box 浮箱bottom side tank 底边舱 Bureau Veritas 法国船级社bottom transverse 底列板butt weld 对缝焊接boundary layer 边界层 butterf ly screw cap 蝶形螺帽 bow line 前体纵剖线 buttock 后体纵剖线bow wave 艏波by convention 按照惯例，按约定bowspri t 艏斜桅bow-thruster 艏侧推器船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（二）boxgirder 箱桁bracket floor 框架肋板cable ship 布缆船brak e 制动装置cable winch 钢索绞车brake band 制动带CAD(computer-aideddesign) 计算机辅助设计CAE(computer-aided manufacturing)计算机辅助制造clipper bow 飞剪型船首CAM(computer-aided engineering)计算机辅助工程clutch 离合器camber 梁拱coastal cargo 沿海客货轮cant beam 斜横梁cofferdam防撞舱壁cant frame 斜肋骨combined cast and rolled s tem 混合型艏柱cantilever beam 悬臂梁commercial ship 营利用船capacity plan 舱容图commissary spaces 补给库舱室，粮食库CAPP(computer –aided processplanning) 计算机辅common carrier 通用运输船助施工计划制定commuter交通船capsize 倾覆compartment 舱室capsizing moment 倾覆力臂compass 罗经captain 船长concept design 概念设计captured-air-bubble vehicle 束缚气泡减阻船connecting tank 连接水柜cargo cubic 货舱舱容，载货容积constant-pitch propeller 定螺距螺旋桨cargo handling 货物装卸constraint condition 约束条件carriage 拖车，拖架container 集装箱caststeel stem post 铸钢艏柱containerized 集装箱化catamaran 高速双体船contractdesign 合同设计catamaran 双体的contra-rotating propellers 对转桨cavitation 空泡controllable-pitch 可控螺距式cavitation number 空泡数corrosion 锈蚀，腐蚀cavitatio n tunnel 空泡水筒couple 力矩，力偶center keelson 中内龙骨crane 克令吊，起重机centerlin e bulkhead 中纵舱壁crank 曲柄centroid 型心，重心，质心，矩心crest(of wave) 波峰chain cable stopper 制链器crew quarters 船员居住舱chart 海图criterion 判据，准则charterer 租船人Critical Path Method 关键路径法chief engineer 轮机长cross-channel automobile ferries 横越海峡车客渡轮chine 舭，舷，脊cross-sectional area 横剖面面积chock 导览钳crow ’s nest 桅杆瞭望台CIM(computerintegratedmanufacturing) 计算机集成cruiser stern 巡洋舰尾组合制造crussing range 航程circulation theory 环流理论cup and balljoint 球窝关节classificati on society 船级社curvature 曲率cleat 系缆扣curves ofform各船形曲线cushion ofair 气垫draft 吃水damage stability 破损稳性drag 阻力，拖拽力damper 缓冲器 drainage 排水 damping 阻尼draugh t 吃水，草图，设计图，牵引力 davit arm 吊臂dredge 挖泥船 deadweight 总载重量drif t 漂移，偏航 de-ballast 卸除压载drilli ng ri g 钻架 deck line at side 甲板边线drillship 钻井船 deck longitudi nal 甲板纵骨driv e shaft 驱动器轴 deck stringe r 甲板边板drivin g gear box 传动齿轮箱 deck transvers e 强横梁 drivin g shaf t system 传动轴系 deckhouse舱面室，甲板室dry dock 干船坞deep v hull 深 v 型船体 ducted propeller 导管螺旋桨deliver y 交船 dynamic supported craft 动力支撑型船舶 depth 船深dynamometer 测力计，功率计derrick 起重机，吊杆船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（三） design margi n 设计余量design spiral 设计螺旋循环方式 e.h.p 有效马力destroyer 驱逐舰 eccentric wheel 偏心轮 detachabl e shackl e 散合式连接卸扣 echo-sounder 回声探深仪 detai l design 详细设计 eddy 漩涡diagona l stiffener 斜置加强筋 eddy-making resistance 漩涡阻力 diagram 图，原理图，设计图 efficienc y 供给能力，供给量diese l engine 柴油机electrohydraulic 电动液压的dimensionles s rat io 无量纲比值 electroplat er 电镀工displacement 排水量elevation s 高度，高程，船型线图的侧面图，立视图，displacement type vessel 排水型船纵剖线图，海拔distribut ed load 分布载荷 empirical formula 经验公式divisio n 站，划分，分隔 enclosed fabrication shop 封闭式装配车间do work 做功 enclosed lifeboat 封闭式救生艇dock 泊靠end open link 末端链环double hook 山字钩end shackle 末端卸扣 double iteration procedure 双重迭代法endurance 续航力double roller chock 双滚轮式导览钳endurance 续航力，全功率工作时间double-acting steamcylinder 双向作用的蒸汽气缸 engine room frame 机舱肋骨down halyard 降帆索engine room hatch end beam 机舱口端梁ensign staff 船尾旗杆 foldi ng batchcover 折叠式舱口盖entrance 进流段foldi ng retractable fin stabilizer 折叠收放式减摇鳍 erection 装配，安装 followin g edge 随边 exhaus t valve 排气阀followin g ship 后续船 expanded bracket 延伸肘板 foo t brake 脚踏刹车 expansio n join t 伸缩接头 fore peak 艏尖舱 extrapolate 外插 forge d stee l stem 锻钢艏柱fair 光顺forging 锻件，锻造faised floor 升高肋板 forward draftmark 船首水尺 fan 鼓风机 forward/afe r perpendicular 艏艉柱fatigu e 疲劳 forward/aft er shoulder 前 /后肩feasibil ity study 可行性研究 foundry casting 翻砂铸造 featheri ng blad e 顺流变距桨叶frame 船肋骨，框架，桁架 fender 护舷 freeboar d 干舷 ferr y 渡轮，渡运航线 freeboar d deck 干舷甲板 fillet weld connection 贴角焊连接 freig ht rate 运费率fin angle feedbac k set 鳍角反馈装置fresh water loadline 淡水载重线 fine fast ship 纤细高速船 friction al resistance 摩擦阻力 fine form 瘦长船型Froude number 傅汝德数 finite element 有限元fuel/wat er supply vessel 油水供给船fire tube boiler 水火管锅炉 ful l form 丰满船型 fixed-pitch 固定螺距式ful l scal e 全尺度flange 突边，法兰盘fullness 丰满度flanki ngrudder s 侧翼舵 funne l 烟囱flap-type rudder 襟翼舵 furnishings 内装修 flar e 外飘，外张gaf f 纵帆斜桁 flat of keel 平板龙骨 gaf f foresai l 前桅主帆 fleets of vessel s 船队 gangway舷梯flexur al 挠曲的 gantt chart 甘特图floati crane起重船gasketed openings 装以密封垫的开口ngfloodabl e lengt h curve 可进长度曲线general arrangement 总布置 flow of materials 物流 general cargo ship 杂货船 flow pattern 流型，流线谱 generatrix 母线flus h deck vessel 平甲板型船 geometrical ly similar form 外形相似船型 flyi ng bridge 游艇驾驶台 girde r 桁梁，桁架flyi ng ji b 艏三角帆girde r of foundatio n基座纵桁governmenta l authorit ies 政府当局，管理机构 hingedster n door 艉部吊门gradien t 梯度HMS 英国皇家海军舰艇 graving dock 槽式船坞 hog 中拱Green Book绿皮书， 19 世纪英国另一船级社的船名hold 船舱录，现合并与劳埃德船级社，用于登录快速远洋船homogeneous cylinder 均质柱状体 gross ton 长吨（ 1.016 公吨）hopper barge 倾卸驳 group technology 成祖建造技术 horizont al stiffen er 水平扶强材GT 成组建造技术 hub 桨毂，轴毂，套筒guided-missile cruiser 导弹巡洋舰 hull for m 船型，船体外形gunwale船舷上缘hull girder stress 船体桁应力gunwale angle 舷边角钢HVAC(heating ventilatingand cooling) 取暖，通风与 gunwale rounded thick strake 舷边圆弧厚板冷却 guylin e 定位索 hydrauli c mechanism 液压机构 gypsy 链轮hydrodynamic 水动力学的 gyro-pilot steering indicator自动操舵操纵台 hydrofoi l 水翼gyroscope 回转仪hydrostatic 水静力的IAGG(interacti ve computer graphics) 交互式计算机船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（四）图像技术icebreaker 破冰船half breadth plan 半宽图icebreaker 破冰船half depth girder 半深纵骨IMCO(Intergovernmental Maritim e ConsultativeOrgan half rounded flat plate 半圆扁钢ization) 国际海事质询组织hard chine 尖舭immerse 浸水，浸没 hatch beam sockets 舱口梁座 impac t load 冲击载荷hatch coaming舱口围板imperial unit 英制单位 hatch cover 舱口盖in strake 内列板hatch cover 舱口盖板inboard profile 纵剖面图hatch cover rack 舱口盖板隔架incremental plasticity 增量塑性hatch side cantilever 舱口悬臂梁 independent tank 独立舱柜hawse pipe 锚链桶initi al stabilit y at small angle of inclination 小倾角初 hawsehole 锚链孔稳性heave 垂荡inland waterwaysvessel 内河船heel 横倾inner bottom 内底heel piece 艉柱根in-plane load 面内载荷helicoidal 螺旋面的，螺旋状的intactstability 完整稳性hinge 铰链intercostals 肋间的，加强的Internationa l Association of ClassificationSociety (IAliquefi ed gas carri er 液化气运输船 CS) 国际船级社联合会 liquefi ed natura l gas carrier 液化天然气船 Internationa l Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) 国际 liquefi ed petroleum gas carri er 液化石油气船船模试验水池会议 liqu id bul k cargo carrier 液体散货船 intersect ion 交点，交叉，横断（切） liqu id chemical tanke r 液体化学品船 invento ry contro l 存货管理 list 倾斜 iterati ve process 迭代过程 livi ng and utility spaces 居住与公用舱室 jack 船首旗Lloyd ’sRegister of shipping 劳埃德船级社 jack 千斤顶Lloyd ’sRules 劳埃德规范 joinery 细木工Load Line Convention 载重线公约keel 龙骨load lineregulations 载重线公约，规范 keel layin g 开始船舶建造 load waterplane 载重水线面 kenter shackle 双半式连接链环loftfloor 放样台 Kristen-Boeing propeller 正摆线推进器longitudi nal (transverse ) 纵（横）稳心高 landing craft 登陆艇 longitudi nal bending 纵总弯曲launch 发射，下水 longitudi nal prismati c coefficient 纵向菱形系数 launch 汽艇longitudi nal strength 纵总强度 launching equipmeng （向水中）投放设备 longitudinal ly framed system 纵骨架式结构 LCC 大型原油轮luffing winch 变幅绞车leading edge 导缘，导边machinery vendor 机械（主机）卖方 ledg e 副梁材 magnet gantry 磁力式龙门吊 length overall 总长 maiden voyage 处女航leveler 调平器，矫平机 main impell er 主推叶轮life saving appliance 救生设备 main shafti ng 主轴系 lifebuo y 救生圈 majo r ship 大型船舶 lifejac ket 救生衣 maneuverability 操纵性lift fan 升力风扇 manhole 人孔lift offsets 量取型值 margin plate 边板 ligh t load draft 空载吃水 maritim e 海事的，海运的，靠海的lightenin hole 减轻孔mark dis o speed adjusting 速度调整标度盘g k flight-ship 空船mast 桅杆limbers board 舭部污水道顶板mast clutch 桅座line r trade 定期班轮营运业matrix 矩阵lines 型线merchant ship 商船lines plan 型线图Merchant Shipbuilding Return 商船建造统计表Linnean hierarchicaltaxonomy 林式等级式分类学metacenter 稳心metacentri c heigh t 稳心高notch 开槽，开凹口metal plate path 金属板电镀槽oar 橹，桨metal worker 金属工oblique bitts 斜式双柱系缆桩metri c uni t 公制单位 ocean going ship 远洋船 middl e lin e plane 中线面off-center loading 偏离中心的装载 midship sectio n 舯横剖面offsets 型值 midship section coefficient 中横剖面系数offshor e drilli ng 离岸钻井 ML 物资清单，物料表offshor e structure 离岸工程结构物model tank 船模试验水池oil fill er 加油点 monitoring desk of main engine operation 主机操作 oil skimmer 浮油回收船监视台oil-rig 钻油架 monitoring screenofscrew working condition 螺旋on-deck girder 甲板上桁架桨运转监视屏open water 敞水 more shape to the shell 船壳板的形状复杂optimali ty criterion 最优性准则 mould loft 放样间 ore carrier 矿砂船 multihul l vesse l 多体船 orthogonal 矩形的multi-purpose carrier 多用途船orthogonal 正交的multi-ship program 多种船型建造规划out strake 外列板 mushroom ventilator 蘑菇形通风桶outboar d motor 舷外机 mutually exclusiv e attribute 相互排它性的属性 outboar d profil e 侧视图outer ji b 外首帆船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（五）outfi t 舾装outfitt er 舾装工 N/C 数值控制outrigg er 舷外吊杆叉头 nautical mile 海里overa ll stabili ty 总体稳性 naval architecture 造船学 overhang 外悬 navigation area 航区paddl e 桨navigation deck航海甲板paddle-wheel-propelled 明轮推进的 near-universal gear 准万向舵机，准万向齿轮 Panama Canal 巴拿马运河net-load curve 静载荷曲线panting arrangement 强胸结构，抗拍击结构neutr al axis 中性轴，中和轴panting beam 强胸横梁neutr al equilibrium中性平衡pantingstringer 抗拍击纵材non-retractablefinstabilizer 不可收放式减摇鳍parallel middle body 平行中体normal法向的，正交的partial bulkhead 局部舱壁normal operating condition 常规运作状况payload 有效载荷nose cone 螺旋桨整流帽perpendicular 柱，垂直的，正交的photogrammetry 投影照相测量法quay 码头，停泊所pile driving barge 打桩船 quotation 报价单pilla r 支柱pin jig 限位胎架船舶专业英语词汇（按照字母顺序排列）（六） pintl e 销，枢轴pipe fitte r 管装工rackin g 倾斜，变形，船体扭转变形 pipe layin g barge 铺管驳船 radiograph y X 射线探伤 pisto n 活塞 rake 倾斜 pitch 螺距 raked bow前倾式船首pitch 纵摇raster 光栅plan views 设计图refrigerated cargo ship 冷藏货物运输船 plannin g hul l 滑行船体 Registe r （船舶）登录簿，船名录Plimsol l lin e 普林索尔载重线Registo Italiano Navade 意大利船级社polar-exploration craft 极地考察船regulatin g knob of fuel pressure 燃油压力调节钮 poop 尾楼reserve buoyancy 储备浮力port 左舷residuary resistance 剩余阻力 port cal l 沿途到港停靠 resultant 合力positiv e righting moment 正扶正力矩 reverse frame 内底横骨power and lighting system 动力与照明系统 Reynolds number 雷诺数precept 技术规则right-handed propeller 右旋进桨preliminary design 初步设计rightin g arm 扶正力臂，恢复力臂pressur e coaming 阻力式舱口防水挡板 rigi d side wall s 刚性侧壁princip al dimensions 主尺度rise of floo r 底升 Program Evaluation and Review Technique 规划评 riverin e warfar e vessel 内河舰艇估与复核法rive t 铆接，铆钉 progressive flooding 累进进水roll 横摇project 探照灯 roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) 滚装 propell er shaf t bracket 尾轴架 rota ry screw propeller 回转式螺旋推进器 propell er type log 螺旋桨推进器测程仪rounded gunwale 修圆的舷边 PVC foamed plastic PVC 泡沫塑料rounded sheer strake 圆弧舷板quadran t舵柄rubber tile 橡皮瓦 quality assurance 质量保证 rudder 舵quarter 居住区rudder bearing 舵承quarter pillar 舱内侧梁柱 rudder blad e 舵叶quartering sea 尾斜浪rudder control rod 操舵杆quasi-steady wave 准定长波rudder gudgeon 舵钮rudder pintle 舵销rudder post 舵柱rudder spindle 舵轴rudder stock 舵杆rudder trunk 舵杆围井run 去流段sag 中垂salvage lifting vessel 救捞船scale 缩尺，尺度schedule coordination 生产规程协调schedule reviews 施工生产进度审核screen bulkhead 轻型舱壁Sea keeping performance 耐波性能sea spectra 海浪谱sea state 海况seakeeping 适航性seasickness 晕船seaworthness 适航性seaworthness 适航性section moulus 剖面模数sectiongs 剖面，横剖面self-induced 自身诱导的self-propulsion 自航 semi-balanced rudder 半平衡舵semi-submersible drilling rig 半潜式钻井架 shaft bossing 轴榖shaft bracket 轴支架shear 剪切，剪力shear buckling 剪切性屈曲shear curve 剪力曲线sheer 舷弧sheer aft 艉舷弧sheer drawing 剖面图sheer forward 艏舷弧sheer plane 纵剖面sheer profile 总剖线sheer profile 纵剖图shell plating 船壳板ship fitter 船舶装配工ship hydrodynamics 船舶水动力学shipway 船台shipyard 船厂shrouded screw 有套罩螺旋桨，导管螺旋桨side frame 舷边肋骨 side keelson 旁内龙骨side plate 舷侧外板side stringer 甲板边板single-cylinder engine 单缸引擎sinkage 升沉six degrees of freedom 六自由度skin friction 表面摩擦力skirt （气垫船）围裙slamming 砰击sleeve 套管，套筒，套环slewing hydraulic motor 回转液压马达slice 一部分，薄片sloping shipway 有坡度船台sloping top plate of bottom side tank 底边舱斜顶板slopint bottom plate of topside tank 定边舱斜底板soft chine 圆舭sonar 声纳spade rudder 悬挂舵spectacle frame 眼睛型骨架speed-to-length ratio 速长比sponson deck 舷伸甲板springing 颤振stability 稳性stable equilibrium 稳定平衡starboard 右舷static equilibrium 静平衡。
船舶名词术语专业英语
船舶专业英语a faired set of lines 经过光顺处理的一套型线a stereo pair of photographs 一对立体投影相片abaft 朝向船尾abandonment cost 船舶废置成本费用accommodation 居住（舱室）accommodation ladder 舷梯adjust valve 调节阀adjustable-pitch 可调螺距式admiralty 海军部advance coefficient 进速系数aerostatic 空气静力学的aft peak bulkhead 艉尖舱壁aft peak tank 艉尖舱aileron 副鳍air cushion vehicle 气垫船air diffuser 空气扩散器air intake 进气口aircraft carrier 航空母舰air-driven water pump 气动水泵airfoil 气翼，翼剖面，机面，方向舵alignment chock 组装校准用垫楔aluminum alloy structure 铝合金结构American Bureau of Shipping 美国船级社amidships 舯amphibious 两栖的anchor arm 锚臂anchor chain 锚链anchor crown 锚冠anchor fluke 锚爪anchor mouth 锚唇anchor recess 锚穴anchor shackle 锚卸扣anchor stock 锚杆angle bar 角钢angle of attack 攻角angle plate 角钢angled deck 斜角甲板anticipated loads encountered at sea 在波浪中遭遇到的预期载荷anti-pitching fins 减纵摇鳍antiroll fins 减摇鳍anti-rolling tank 减摇水舱appendage 附体artisan 技工assembly line 装配流水线at-sea replenishment 海上补给augment of resistance 阻力增额auxiliary systems 辅机系统auxiliary tank 调节水舱axial advance 轴向进速backing structure 垫衬结构back-up member 焊接垫板balance weight 平衡锤ball bearing 滚珠轴承ball valve 球阀ballast tank 压载水舱bar 型材bar keel 棒龙骨，方龙骨，矩形龙骨barge 驳船baseline 基线basic design 基本设计batten 压条，板条beam 船宽，梁beam bracket 横梁肘板beam knee 横梁肘板bed-plate girder 基座纵桁bending-moment curves 弯矩曲线Benoulli’s law 伯努利定律berth term 停泊期bevel 折角bidder 投标人bilge 舭，舱底bilge bracket 舭肘板bilge radius 舭半径bilge sounding pipe 舭部边舱水深探管bitt 单柱系缆桩blade root 叶跟blade section 叶元剖面blast 喷丸block coefficient 方形系数blue peter 出航旗boarding deck 登艇甲板boat davit 吊艇架boat fall 吊艇索boat guy 稳艇索bobstay 首斜尾拉索body plan 横剖面图bolt 螺栓，上螺栓固定Bonjean curve 邦戎曲线boom 吊杆boss 螺旋桨轴榖bottom side girder 旁底桁bottom side tank 底边舱bottom transverse 底列板boundary layer 边界层bow line 前体纵剖线bow wave 艏波bowsprit 艏斜桅bow-thruster 艏侧推器box girder 箱桁bracket floor 框架肋板brake 制动装置brake band 制动带brake crank arm 制动曲柄brake drum 刹车卷筒brake hydraulic cylinder 制动液压缸brake hydraulic pipe 刹车液压管breadth extreme 最大宽，计算宽度breadth moulded 型宽breakbulk 件杂货breasthook 艏肘板bridge 桥楼，驾驶台bridge console stand 驾驶室集中操作台BSRA 英国船舶研究协会buckle 屈曲buffer spring 缓冲弹簧built-up plate section 组合型材bulb plate 球头扁钢bulbous bow 球状船艏，球鼻首bulk carrier 散货船bulk oil carrier 散装油轮bulkhead 舱壁bulwark 舷墙bulwark plate 舷墙板bulwark stay 舷墙支撑buoy tender 航标船buoyant 浮力的buoyant box 浮箱Bureau Veritas 法国船级社butt weld 对缝焊接butterfly screw cap 蝶形螺帽buttock 后体纵剖线by convention 按照惯例，按约定cable ship 布缆船cable winch 钢索绞车CAD(computer-aided design) 计算机辅助设计CAE(computer-aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造CAM(computer-aided engineering) 计算机辅助工程camber 梁拱cant beam 斜横梁cant frame 斜肋骨cantilever beam 悬臂梁capacity plan 舱容图CAPP(computer –aided process planning) 计算机辅助施工计划制定capsize 倾覆capsizing moment 倾覆力臂captain 船长captured-air-bubble vehicle 束缚气泡减阻船cargo cubic 货舱舱容，载货容积cargo handling 货物装卸carriage 拖车，拖架cast steel stem post 铸钢艏柱catamaran 高速双体船catamaran 双体的cavitation 空泡cavitation number 空泡数cavitation tunnel 空泡水筒center keelson 中内龙骨centerline bulkhead 中纵舱壁centroid 型心，重心，质心，矩心chain cable stopper 制链器chart 海图charterer 租船人chief engineer 轮机长chine 舭，舷，脊chock 导览钳CIM(computer integrated manufacturing) 计算机集成组合制造circulation theory 环流理论classification society 船级社cleat 系缆扣clipper bow 飞剪型船首clutch 离合器coastal cargo 沿海客货轮cofferdam 防撞舱壁combined cast and rolled stem 混合型艏柱commercial ship 营利用船commissary spaces 补给库舱室，粮食库common carrier 通用运输船commuter 交通船compartment 舱室compass 罗经concept design 概念设计connecting tank 连接水柜constant-pitch propeller 定螺距螺旋桨constraint condition 约束条件container 集装箱containerized 集装箱化contract design 合同设计contra-rotating propellers 对转桨controllable-pitch 可控螺距式corrosion 锈蚀，腐蚀couple 力矩，力偶crane 克令吊，起重机crank 曲柄crest (of wave) 波峰crew quarters 船员居住舱criterion 判据，准则Critical Path Method 关键路径法cross-channel automobile ferries 横越海峡车客渡轮cross-sectional area 横剖面面积crow’s nest 桅杆瞭望台cruiser stern 巡洋舰尾crussing range 航程cup and ball joint 球窝关节curvature 曲率curves of form 各船形曲线cushion of air 气垫damage stability 破损稳性damper 缓冲器damping 阻尼davit arm 吊臂deadweight 总载重量de-ballast 卸除压载deck line at side 甲板边线deck longitudinal 甲板纵骨deck stringer 甲板边板deck transverse 强横梁deckhouse 舱面室，甲板室deep v hull 深v型船体delivery 交船depth 船深derrick 起重机，吊杆design margin 设计余量design spiral 设计螺旋循环方式destroyer 驱逐舰detachable shackle 散合式连接卸扣detail design 详细设计diagonal stiffener 斜置加强筋diagram 图，原理图，设计图diesel engine 柴油机dimensionless ratio 无量纲比值displacement 排水量displacement type vessel 排水型船distributed load 分布载荷division 站，划分，分隔do work 做功dock 泊靠double hook 山字钩double iteration procedure 双重迭代法double roller chock 双滚轮式导览钳double-acting steam cylinder 双向作用的蒸汽气缸down halyard 降帆索draft 吃水drag 阻力，拖拽力drainage 排水draught 吃水，草图，设计图，牵引力dredge 挖泥船drift 漂移，偏航drilling rig 钻架drillship 钻井船drive shaft 驱动器轴driving gear box 传动齿轮箱driving shaft system 传动轴系dry dock 干船坞ducted propeller 导管螺旋桨dynamic supported craft 动力支撑型船舶dynamometer 测力计，功率计e.h.p 有效马力eccentric wheel 偏心轮echo-sounder 回声探深仪eddy 漩涡eddy-making resistance 漩涡阻力efficiency 供给能力，供给量electrohydraulic 电动液压的electroplater 电镀工elevations 高度，高程，船型线图的侧面图，立视图，纵剖线图，海拔empirical formula 经验公式enclosed fabrication shop 封闭式装配车间enclosed lifeboat 封闭式救生艇end open link 末端链环end shackle 末端卸扣endurance 续航力endurance 续航力，全功率工作时间engine room frame 机舱肋骨engine room hatch end beam 机舱口端梁ensign staff 船尾旗杆entrance 进流段erection 装配，安装exhaust valve 排气阀expanded bracket 延伸肘板expansion joint 伸缩接头extrapolate 外插fair 光顺faised floor 升高肋板fan 鼓风机fatigue 疲劳feasibility study 可行性研究feathering blade 顺流变距桨叶fender 护舷ferry 渡轮，渡运航线fillet weld connection 贴角焊连接fin angle feedback set 鳍角反馈装置fine fast ship 纤细高速船fine form 瘦长船型finite element 有限元fire tube boiler 水火管锅炉fixed-pitch 固定螺距式flange 突边，法兰盘flanking rudders 侧翼舵flap-type rudder 襟翼舵flare 外飘，外张flat of keel 平板龙骨fleets of vessels 船队flexural 挠曲的floating crane 起重船floodable length curve 可进长度曲线flow of materials 物流flow pattern 流型，流线谱flush deck vessel 平甲板型船flying bridge 游艇驾驶台flying jib 艏三角帆folding batch cover 折叠式舱口盖folding retractable fin stabilizer 折叠收放式减摇鳍following edge 随边following ship 后续船foot brake 脚踏刹车fore peak 艏尖舱forged steel stem 锻钢艏柱forging 锻件，锻造forward draft mark 船首水尺forward/afer perpendicular 艏艉柱forward/after shoulder 前/后肩foundry casting 翻砂铸造frame 船肋骨，框架，桁架freeboard 干舷freeboard deck 干舷甲板freight rate 运费率fresh water loadline 淡水载重线frictional resistance 摩擦阻力Froude number 傅汝德数fuel/water supply vessel 油水供给船full form丰满船型full scale 全尺度fullness 丰满度funnel 烟囱furnishings 内装修gaff 纵帆斜桁gaff foresail 前桅主帆gangway 舷梯gantt chart 甘特图gasketed openings 装以密封垫的开口general arrangement 总布置general cargo ship 杂货船generatrix 母线geometrically similar form 外形相似船型girder 桁梁，桁架girder of foundation 基座纵桁governmental authorities 政府当局，管理机构gradient 梯度graving dock 槽式船坞Green Book 绿皮书，19世纪英国另一船级社的船名录，现合并与劳埃德船级社，用于登录快速远洋船gross ton 长吨（1.016公吨）group technology 成祖建造技术GT 成组建造技术guided-missile cruiser 导弹巡洋舰gunwale 船舷上缘gunwale angle 舷边角钢gunwale rounded thick strake 舷边圆弧厚板guyline 定位索gypsy 链轮gyro-pilot steering indicator 自动操舵操纵台gyroscope 回转仪half breadth plan 半宽图half depth girder 半深纵骨half rounded flat plate 半圆扁钢hard chine 尖舭hatch beam sockets 舱口梁座hatch coaming 舱口围板hatch cover 舱口盖hatch cover 舱口盖板hatch cover rack 舱口盖板隔架hatch side cantilever 舱口悬臂梁hawse pipe 锚链桶hawsehole 锚链孔heave 垂荡heel 横倾heel piece 艉柱根helicoidal 螺旋面的，螺旋状的hinge 铰链hinged stern door 艉部吊门HMS 英国皇家海军舰艇hog 中拱hold 船舱homogeneous cylinder 均质柱状体hopper barge 倾卸驳horizontal stiffener 水平扶强材hub 桨毂，轴毂，套筒hull form 船型，船体外形hull girder stress 船体桁应力HVAC(heating ventilating and cooling) 取暖，通风与冷却hydraulic mechanism 液压机构hydrodynamic 水动力学的hydrofoil 水翼hydrostatic 水静力的IAGG(interactive computer graphics) 交互式计算机图像技术icebreaker 破冰船icebreaker 破冰船IMCO(Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization) 国际海事质询组织immerse 浸水，浸没impact load 冲击载荷imperial unit 英制单位in strake 内列板inboard profile 纵剖面图incremental plasticity 增量塑性independent tank 独立舱柜initial stability at small angle of inclination 小倾角初稳性inland waterways vessel 内河船inner bottom 内底in-plane load 面内载荷intact stability 完整稳性intercostals 肋间的，加强的International Association of Classification Society (IACS) 国际船级社联合会International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) 国际船模试验水池会议intersection 交点，交叉，横断（切）inventory control 存货管理iterative process 迭代过程jack 船首旗jack 千斤顶joinery 细木工keel 龙骨keel laying 开始船舶建造kenter shackle 双半式连接链环Kristen-Boeing propeller 正摆线推进器landing craft 登陆艇launch 发射，下水launch 汽艇launching equipmeng （向水中）投放设备LCC 大型原油轮leading edge 导缘，导边ledge 副梁材length overall 总长leveler 调平器，矫平机life saving appliance 救生设备lifebuoy 救生圈lifejacket 救生衣lift fan 升力风扇lift offsets 量取型值light load draft 空载吃水lightening hole 减轻孔light-ship 空船limbers board 舭部污水道顶板liner trade 定期班轮营运业lines 型线lines plan 型线图Linnean hierarchical taxonomy 林式等级式分类学liquefied gas carrier 液化气运输船liquefied natural gas carrier 液化天然气船liquefied petroleum gas carrier 液化石油气船liquid bulk cargo carrier 液体散货船liquid chemical tanker 液体化学品船list 倾斜living and utility spaces 居住与公用舱室Lloyd’s Register of shipping 劳埃德船级社Lloyd’s Rules 劳埃德规范Load Line Convention 载重线公约load line regulations 载重线公约，规范load waterplane 载重水线面loft floor 放样台longitudinal (transverse) 纵（横）稳心高longitudinal bending 纵总弯曲longitudinal prismatic coefficient 纵向菱形系数longitudinal strength 纵总强度longitudinally framed system 纵骨架式结构luffing winch 变幅绞车machinery vendor 机械（主机）卖方magnet gantry 磁力式龙门吊maiden voyage 处女航main impeller 主推叶轮main shafting 主轴系major ship 大型船舶maneuverability 操纵性manhole 人孔margin plate 边板maritime 海事的，海运的，靠海的mark disk of speed adjusting 速度调整标度盘mast 桅杆mast clutch 桅座matrix 矩阵merchant ship 商船Merchant Shipbuilding Return 商船建造统计表metacenter 稳心metacentric height 稳心高metal plate path 金属板电镀槽metal worker 金属工metric unit 公制单位middle line plane 中线面midship section 舯横剖面midship section coefficient 中横剖面系数ML 物资清单，物料表model tank 船模试验水池monitoring desk of main engine operation 主机操作监视台monitoring screen of screw working condition 螺旋桨运转监视屏more shape to the shell 船壳板的形状复杂mould loft 放样间multihull vessel 多体船multi-purpose carrier 多用途船multi-ship program 多种船型建造规划mushroom ventilator 蘑菇形通风桶mutually exclusive attribute 相互排它性的属性N/C 数值控制nautical mile 海里naval architecture 造船学navigation area 航区navigation deck 航海甲板near-universal gear 准万向舵机，准万向齿轮net-load curve 静载荷曲线neutral axis 中性轴，中和轴neutral equilibrium 中性平衡non-retractable fin stabilizer 不可收放式减摇鳍normal 法向的，正交的normal operating condition 常规运作状况nose cone 螺旋桨整流帽notch 开槽，开凹口oar 橹，桨oblique bitts 斜式双柱系缆桩ocean going ship 远洋船off-center loading 偏离中心的装载offsets 型值offshore drilling 离岸钻井offshore structure 离岸工程结构物oil filler 加油点oil skimmer 浮油回收船oil-rig 钻油架on-deck girder 甲板上桁架open water 敞水optimality criterion 最优性准则ore carrier 矿砂船orthogonal 矩形的orthogonal 正交的out strake 外列板outboard motor 舷外机outboard profile 侧视图outer jib 外首帆outfit 舾装outfitter 舾装工outrigger 舷外吊杆叉头overall stability 总体稳性overhang 外悬paddle 桨paddle-wheel-propelled 明轮推进的Panama Canal 巴拿马运河panting arrangement 强胸结构，抗拍击结构panting beam 强胸横梁panting stringer 抗拍击纵材parallel middle body 平行中体partial bulkhead 局部舱壁payload 有效载荷perpendicular 柱，垂直的，正交的photogrammetry 投影照相测量法pile driving barge 打桩船pillar 支柱pin jig 限位胎架pintle 销，枢轴pipe fitter 管装工pipe laying barge 铺管驳船piston 活塞pitch 螺距pitch 纵摇plan views 设计图planning hull 滑行船体Plimsoll line 普林索尔载重线polar-exploration craft 极地考察船poop 尾楼port 左舷port call 沿途到港停靠positive righting moment 正扶正力矩power and lighting system 动力与照明系统precept 技术规则preliminary design 初步设计pressure coaming 阻力式舱口防水挡板principal dimensions 主尺度Program Evaluation and Review Technique 规划评估与复核法progressive flooding 累进进水project 探照灯propeller shaft bracket 尾轴架propeller type log 螺旋桨推进器测程仪PVC foamed plastic PVC泡沫塑料quadrant 舵柄quality assurance 质量保证quarter 居住区quarter pillar 舱内侧梁柱quartering sea 尾斜浪quasi-steady wave 准定长波quay 码头，停泊所quotation 报价单racking 倾斜，变形，船体扭转变形radiography X射线探伤rake 倾斜raked bow 前倾式船首raster 光栅refrigerated cargo ship 冷藏货物运输船Register （船舶）登录簿，船名录Registo Italiano Navade 意大利船级社regulating knob of fuel pressure 燃油压力调节钮reserve buoyancy 储备浮力residuary resistance 剩余阻力resultant 合力reverse frame 内底横骨Reynolds number 雷诺数right-handed propeller 右旋进桨righting arm 扶正力臂，恢复力臂rigid side walls 刚性侧壁rise of floor 底升riverine warfare vessel 内河舰艇rivet 铆接，铆钉roll 横摇roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) 滚装rotary screw propeller 回转式螺旋推进器rounded gunwale 修圆的舷边rounded sheer strake 圆弧舷板rubber tile 橡皮瓦rudder 舵rudder bearing 舵承rudder blade 舵叶rudder control rod 操舵杆rudder gudgeon 舵钮rudder pintle 舵销rudder post 舵柱rudder spindle 舵轴rudder stock 舵杆rudder trunk 舵杆围井run 去流段sag 中垂salvage lifting vessel 救捞船scale 缩尺，尺度schedule coordination 生产规程协调schedule reviews 施工生产进度审核screen bulkhead 轻型舱壁Sea keeping performance 耐波性能sea spectra 海浪谱sea state 海况seakeeping 适航性seasickness 晕船seaworthness 适航性seaworthness 适航性section moulus 剖面模数sectiongs 剖面，横剖面self-induced 自身诱导的self-propulsion 自航semi-balanced rudder 半平衡舵semi-submersible drilling rig 半潜式钻井架shaft bossing 轴榖shaft bracket 轴支架shear 剪切，剪力shear buckling 剪切性屈曲shear curve 剪力曲线sheer 舷弧sheer aft 艉舷弧sheer drawing 剖面图sheer forward 艏舷弧sheer plane 纵剖面sheer profile 总剖线sheer profile 纵剖图shell plating 船壳板ship fitter 船舶装配工ship hydrodynamics 船舶水动力学shipway 船台shipyard 船厂shrouded screw 有套罩螺旋桨，导管螺旋桨side frame 舷边肋骨side keelson 旁内龙骨side plate 舷侧外板side stringer 甲板边板single-cylinder engine 单缸引擎sinkage 升沉six degrees of freedom 六自由度skin friction 表面摩擦力skirt （气垫船）围裙slamming 砰击sleeve 套管，套筒，套环slewing hydraulic motor 回转液压马达slice 一部分，薄片sloping shipway 有坡度船台sloping top plate of bottom side tank 底边舱斜顶板slopint bottom plate of topside tank 定边舱斜底板soft chine 圆舭sonar 声纳spade rudder 悬挂舵spectacle frame 眼睛型骨架speed-to-length ratio 速长比sponson deck 舷伸甲板springing 颤振stability 稳性stable equilibrium 稳定平衡starboard 右舷static equilibrium 静平衡steamer 汽轮船steering gear 操纵装置，舵机stem 船艏stem contour 艏柱型线stern 船艉stern barrel 尾拖网滚筒stern counter 尾突体stern ramp 尾滑道，尾跳板stern transom plate 尾封板stern wave 艉波stiffen 加劲，加强stiffener 扶强材，加劲杆straddle 跨立，外包式叶片strain 应变strake 船体列板streamline 流线streamlined casing 流线型套管strength curves 强度曲线strength deck 强力甲板stress concentration 应力集中structural instability 结构不稳定性strut 支柱，支撑构型subassembly 分部装配subdivision 分舱submerged nozzle 浸没式喷口submersible 潜期suction back of a blade 桨叶片抽吸叶背Suez Canal tonnage 苏伊士运河吨位限制summer load water line 夏季载重水线superintendent 监督管理人，总段长，车间主任superstructure 上层建筑Supervision of the Society’s surveyor 船级社验船师的监造书supper cavitating propeller 超空泡螺旋桨surface nozzle 水面式喷口surface piercing 穿透水面的surface preparation and coating 表面加工处理与喷涂surge 纵荡surmount 顶上覆盖，越过swage plate 压筋板swash bulkhead 止荡舱壁SWATH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) 小水线面双体船sway 横荡tail-stabilizer anchor 尾翼式锚talking paper 讨论文件tangential 切向的，正切的tangential viscous force 切向粘性力tanker 油船tee T型构件，三通管tender 交通小艇tensile stress 拉（张）应力thermal effect 热效应throttle valve 节流阀throughput 物料流量thrust 推力thruster 推力器，助推器timber carrier 木材运输船tip of a blade 桨叶叶梢tip vortex 梢涡toed towards amidships 趾部朝向船舯tonnage 吨位torpedo 鱼雷torque 扭矩torque 扭矩trailing edge 随边transom stern 方尾transverse bulkhead plating 横隔舱壁板transverse section 横剖面transverse stability 横稳性trawling 拖网trial 实船试验trim 纵倾trim by the stern/bow 艉艏倾trimaran 三体的tripping bracket 防倾肘板trough 波谷tugboat 拖船tumble home （船侧）内倾tunnel wall effect 水桶壁面效应turnable blade 可转动式桨叶turnable shrouded screw 转动导管螺旋桨tweendeck cargo space 甲板间舱tweendedk frame 甲板间肋骨two nodded frequency 双节点频率ULCC 超级大型原油轮ultrasonic 超声波的underwriter （海运）保险商unsymmetrical 非对称的upright position 正浮位置vapor pocket 气化阱ventilation and air conditioning diagram 通风与空调铺设设计图Venturi section 文丘里试验段vertical prismatic coefficient 横剖面系数vertical-axis(cycloidal)propeller 直叶（摆线）推进器vessel component vender 造船部件销售商viscosity 粘性VLCC 巨型原油轮Voith-Schneider propeller 外摆线直翼式推进器v-section v型剖面wake current 伴流，尾流water jet 喷水（推进）管water plane 水线面watertight integrity 水密完整性wave pattern 波形wave suppressor 消波器，消波板wave-making resistance 兴波阻力weather deck 露天甲板web 腹板web beam 强横梁web frame 腹肋板weler 焊工wetted surface 湿表面积winch 绞车windlass 起锚机wing shaft 侧轴wing-keel 翅龙骨（游艇）working allowance 有效使用修正量worm gear 蜗轮，蜗杆yacht 快艇yard issue 船厂开工任务发布书yards 帆桁yaw 首摇。
船舶总体设计专业英语
船舶总体设计专业英语 1．总布置general arrangement2．舱室布置Accommodation arrangement3．机舱布置engine room arrangement4．梯道布置stairway and passage way arrangement5．舱compartment6．首尖舱fore peak7．尾尖舱aft peak8．底边舱bottom side tank9．顶边舱top side tank10．边舱wing tank11．船舱hold12．双层底舱double bottom tank13．甲板间舱tween deck space14．隔离空舱cofferdam15．罗经甲板compass deck16．驾驶甲板navigation deck ;bridge deck17．艇甲板boat deck18．游步甲板promenade deck19．起居甲板accommodation deck20．上甲板upper deck21．起货机平台（绞车操纵台）winch platform22．通道passage; alleyway23．内通道interior alleyway24．外通道exterior alleyway25．跳板ramp26．驾驶室wheel house; navigation bridge 27．海图室chart room28．报务室radio room29．雷达室radar room30．机舱engine room31．机舱集控室engine control room32．锅炉舱boiler room33．泵舱pump room34．锚链舱chain room35．舵机舱steering engine room; steering gear room 36．通风机室fan room37．空调机室air-conditioning unit room38．消防控制室fire-control room39．应急发电机室emergency generator room 40．蓄电池室battery room41．货（油）控制室cargo control room42．桅室mast room43．声纳舱sonar transducer44．计程仪舱log room45．泡沫室foam room46．测深仪舱echo sounder room47．机修间work shop48．电工间electrician store49．木工间carpenter store50．贮藏室store51．破损控制设备室damage control equipment room 52．油漆间paint store53．食品库provision store54．冷藏室refrigerating chamber55．冷冻机室refrigerating room56．起居舱室accommodation57．居住舱室cabin58．船长室capaitain room59．大副室chief officer room60．二副室2nd officer room61．三副室3rd officer room62．轮机长室chief engineer room63．大管轮室2nd engineer room64．二管轮室3rd engineer room65．三管轮室4th tengineer room66．船员室crew room67．客舱passenger cabin68．货舱cargo hold; cargo space69．货油舱cargo oil tank70．集装箱舱container hold71．冷藏货舱refrigerating cargo hold72．车辆舱vehicle hold73．液化天然气舱liquified natural gas tank 74．液化石油气舱liquified petroleum gas tank 75．邮件舱mail room76．行李舱luggage room77．液舱liquid tank78．燃油舱fuel oil tank79．滑油舱lubricating oil tank80．溢油舱overflow oil tank81．污油舱dirty oil tank82．渣油舱sludge tank83．压载水舱ballast water tank84．专用压载水舱segregated ballast tank 85．污液（油）舱slop tank86．淡水舱fresh water tank87．饮用水舱drinking water tank88．锅炉水舱feed water tank89．污水（舱底水）舱bilge water tank 90．滑油循环舱circulating lubricating oil tank 91．船体型表面molded hull surface92．裸船体bare hull93．型排水体积molded volume94．附体appendages95．主要要素principal particulars96．基面base plane97．中线面center line plane98．基线base line99．主尺度principal dimension100．总长length overall101．垂线间长length between perpendiculars 102．水线长waterline length103．设计水线长designed waterline length 104．满载水线长load waterline length 105．型宽molded breadth106．水线宽waterline breadth107．最大宽extreme breadth108．型深molded depth109．吃水draft; draught110．型吃水molded draft 111．设计吃水designed draft 112．首吃水fore draft113．尾吃水aft draft114．平均吃水mean draft 115．结构吃水scantling draft 116．满载吃水loaded draft 117．空载吃水light draft118．吃水标志draft mark 119．型线图lines plan120．首垂线forward perpendicular 121．尾垂线aft perpendicular 122．格子线grid123．站ordinate station124．中站midstation125．站线station ordinates 126．型线molded lines127．型值offsets128．型值表table of offsets 129．横剖图transverse section 130．中横剖图midship section 131．最大横剖图maximum section132．水线面water plane133．中纵剖图longitudinal section in centre plane 134．纵剖线buttocks135．横剖线body lines136．斜剖线diagonal137．外廓线profile138．水线waterline139．设计水线designed waterline140．满载水线loaded waterline141．甲板线deck line142．甲板边线deck side line143．甲板中线deck centre line144．舷弧sheer145．梁拱camber146．梁拱线camber curve147．舭部bilge148．舭部升高deadrise149．舭部半径bilge radius150．龙骨线keelline151．龙骨设计斜度rake of keel152．龙骨折角线knuckle line of keel153．龙骨水平半宽half-siding154．折角线knuckle line155．隧道顶线tunnel top line156．内倾tumble home157．外倾、外飘flare158．方尾浸宽immersed transom beam159．方尾浸深immersed transom draft160．船形系数coefficients of form161．方型系数block coefficient162．棱型系数prismatic coefficient163．垂向棱型系数vertical prismatic coefficient164．水线面系数waterline coefficient165．中横剖系数midship section coefficient166．最大横剖面系数maximum transverse section coefficient 167．主尺度比dimension ratio168．前体fore body169．后体after body170．水线平行段parallel waterline171．水线前段waterline beginning172．水线后段waterline ending173．平行中体parallel middle body174．进流段entrance175．去流段run176．肩shoulder177．半进流角half angle of entrance 178．方尾端面transom179．首踵forefoot180．尾踵aftfoot，181．轴包套shaft bossing182．尾轴架propeller shaft bracket 183．尾鳍deadwood skeg184．双尾鳍twin-skeg185．前倾型首raked bow186．直立型首vertical bow 187．破冰型首ice breaker bow 188．球鼻首bulbous bow189．椭圆尾elliptical bow190．方尾transom stern191．巡洋舰尾cruiser stern 192．隧道尾tunnel stern193．球形尾bulbous stern194．U型剖面U-section195．V型剖面V-section196．排水量displacement197．型排水量molded displacement198．总排水量total displacement 199．空船重量light weight200．满载排水量full load displacement 201．设计排水量designed displacement 202．储备排水量displacement margin 203．载重量deadweight204．载货量cargo dead weight 205．压载ballast206．干舷freeboard207．干舷甲板freeboard deck 208．载重线loading line209．载重线标志loading line mark 210．载重量标尺deadweight scale 211．液舱容积tank capacity212．舱容曲线capacity curve213．积载stowage214．吨位tonnage215．总吨位gross tonnage216．净吨位net tonnage217．吨位丈量tonnage measurement。
(完整版)船舶专业英语(课文+翻译)
Chapter 1 Ship Design（船舶设计）Lesson 2 Ships Categorized（船舶分类）2.1 Introduction（介绍）The forms a ship can take are innumerable. 一艘船能采用的外形是不可胜数的A vessel might appear to be a sleek seagoing hotel carrying passengers along to some exotic destination; a floating fortress bristling with missile launchers; 。
or an elongated box transporting tanks of crude oil and topped with complex pipe connections. 一艘船可以看做是将乘客一直运送到外国目的地的优美的远航宾馆。
竖立有导弹发射架的水面堡垒及甲板上铺盖有复杂管系的加长罐装原油运输轮None of these descriptions of external appearance, however, does justice to the ship system as a whole and integrated unit所有这些外部特点的描述都不能说明船舶系统是一个总的集合体self-sufficient,seaworthy, and adequately stable in its function as a secure habitat for crew and cargo. ——船员和货物的安全性功能：自给自足，适航，足够稳定。
This is the concept that the naval architect keeps in mind when designing the ship and that provides the basis for subsequent discussions, not only in this chapter but throughout the entire book.这是一个造船工程师设计船舶使必须记住的、能为以后讨论提供根据的观念，不仅涉及本章也贯穿全书。
船舶设计外文翻译---船舶最大下沉量
The Maximum Sinkage of a ShipT. P. Gourlay and E. O. TuckDepartment of Applied Mathematics, TheUniversity of Adelaide, AustraliaA ship moving steadily forward in shallow water of constant depth h is usually subject to downward forces and hence squat, which is a potentially dangerous sinkage or increase in draft. Sinkage increases with ship speed, until it reaches a maximum at just below the critical speedHere we use both a linear transcritical shallow-water equation and a fully dispersive finite-depth theory to discuss the flow near that critical speed and to compute the maximum sinkage, trim angle, and stern displacement for some example hulls.IntroductionFor a thin vertical-sided obstruction extending from bottom to top of a shallow stream of depth h and infinite width, Michell (1898) showed that the small disturbance velocity potential φ(x,y)satisfies the linearized equation of shallow-water theory(SWT)yy 0xx βφ + φ= (1)Where 2F h β=1-, with F =U /h x -wise stream velocity U and water depth h . This is the same equation that describes linearized aerodynamic flow past a thin airfoil (see e.g., Newman 1977 p. 375), with F h replacing the Mach number. For a slender ship of a general cross-sectionalshape, Tuck (1966) showed that equation (1) is to be solved subject to a body boundary condition of the form'US ()(x,0)=2y x h ±Φ± (2)where S(x) is the ship’s submerged cross -section area at station x . The boundary condition (2) indicates that the ship behaves in the (x ,y) horizontal plane as if it were a symmetric thin airfoil whose thickness S(x)/h is obtained by averaging the ship’s cross -section thickness over the water depth. There are also boundaryconditions at infinity, essentially that the disturbance velocity ∇Φ vanishes in subcritical flow(0β<).As in aerodynamics, the solution of (1) is straightforward for either fully subcritical flow (where it is elliptic) or fully supercritical flow (where it is hyperbolic). In either case, the solutionhas a singularity as 0β→, or F 1h →.In particular the subcritical (positive upward) force isgiven by Tuck (1966) as2F =B'(x)S'()log dxd x ξξξ- (3)with B(x) the local beam at station x . Here and subsequently the integrations are over the wetted length of the ship, i.e.,22L L X -<<where L is the ship’s waterline length. This force F is usually negative, i.e., downward, and for a fore-aft symmetric ship, theresulting midship sinkage is given hydrostatically by22S V s C L ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭ (4) where ()V S x dx =⎰is the ship’s displaced volume, and2'()'()log 2s W L C dxd B x S x A Vξξξπ=-⎰⎰ (5) where ()w A B x dx =⎰is the ship’s waterplane area. The nondimensional coefficient 1.4s C ≈ has been shown by Tuck &Taylor(1970) to be almost a universal constant, depending only weakly on the ship’s hull shape.Hence the sinkage appears according to this linear dispersionless theory to tend to infinity as 1h F →.However, in practice, there are dispersive effects near 1h F = which limit the sinkage, and which cause it to reach a maximum value at just below the critical speed.Accurate full-scale experimental data for maximum sinkage are scarce. However,, according to linear inviscid theory, the maximum sinkage is directly proportional to the ship length for a given shape of ship and depth-to-draft ratio (see later). This means that model experiments for maximum sinkage (e.g., Graff et al 1964) can be scaled proportionally to length to yield full-scale results, provided the depth-to-draft ratio remains the same.The magnitude of this maximum sinkage is considerable. For example, the Taylor Series A3 model studied by Graff et al (1964) had a maximum sinkage of 0.89% of the ship length for the depth-to-draft ratio h/T = 4.0. This corresponds to a midship sinkage of 1.88 meters for a 200 meter ship. Experiments on maximum squat were also performed by Du & Millward (1991) using NPL round bilge series hulls. They obtained a maximum midship sinkage of 1.4% of the ship length for model 150B with h/T =2.3. This corresponds to 2.8 meters midship sinkage for a 200 meter ship. Taking into account the fact that there is usually a significant bow-up trim angle at the speed where the maximum sinkage occurs, the downward displacement of the stern can be even greater, of the order of 4 meters or more for a 200-meter long ship.It is important to note that only ships that are capable of traveling at transcritical Froude numbers will ever reach this maximum sinkage. Therefore, maximum sinkage predictions will be less relevant for slower ships such as tankers or bulk carriers. Since the ships or catamarans that frequently travel at transcritical Froude numbers are usually comparatively slender, we expect that slender-body theory will provide good results for the maximum sinkage of these ships.For ships traveling in channels, the width of the channel becomes increasingly importantaround 1h F =when the flow is unsteady and solitons are emitted forward of the ship (see e.g.,Wu& Wu 1982). Hence experiments performed in channels cannot be used to accurately predict maximum sinkage for ships in open water. The experiments of Graff et al were done in a wide tank, approximately 36 times the model beam, and are the best results available with which to compare an open-water theory. However, even with this large tank width, sidewalls still affect the flow near 1h F =, as we shall discuss.Transcritical shallow-water theory (TSWT)It is not possible simply to set ‚0β= in (1) in order to gain useful information about the flow near 1h F =. As with transonic aerodynamics, it is necessary to include other terms that have been neglected in the linearized derivation of SWT (1).An approach suggested by Mei (1976) (see also Mei & Choi,1987) is to derive an evolution equation of Korteweg-de Varies (KdV) type for the flow near 1h F =. The usual one-dimensional forms of such equations contain both nonlinear and dispersive terms. It is not difficult to incorporate the second space dimension y into the derivation, resulting in a two-dimensional KdV equation, which generalizes (1) by adding two terms to give231h 03xx yy X XX xxxx U βΦ+Φ-ΦΦ+Φ= (6) The nonlinear term in X XX ΦΦbut not the dispersive term inxxxx Φwas included by Lea & Feldman (1972). Further solutions of this nonlinear but nondispersive equation were obtained by Ang (1993) for a ship in a channel. Chen & Sharma (1995) considered the unsteady problem of soliton generation by a ship in a channel, using the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, which is essentially an unsteady version of equation (6). Although they concentrated on finite-width domains, their method is also applicable to open water, albeit computationally intensive. Further nonlinear and dispersive terms were included by Chen (1999), allowing finite-width results to be computed over a larger range of Froude numbers.Mei (1976) considered the full equation (6) in open water and provided an analytic solution for the linear case where the term X XX ΦΦis omitted. He showed that for sufficiently slender ships the nonlinear term in equation (6) is of less importance than the dispersive term and can be neglected; also that the reverse is true for full-form ships where the nonlinear term is dominant. This is also discussed in Gourlay (2000).As stated earlier, most ships that are capable of traveling at transcritical speeds are comparatively slender. For these ships it is dispersion, not nonlinearity, that limits the sinkage in open water. Nonlinearity is usually included in one-dimensional KdV equations by necessity, as a steepening agent to provide a balance to the broadening effect of the dispersive term in xxxx Φ.Inopen water, however, there is already an adequate balance with the two-dimensional term in yyΦ.This is in contrast to finite-width domains, which tend to amplify transcritical effects and cause the flow to be more nearly unidirectional. Hence nonlinearity becomes important in finite-width channels to such an extent that steady flow becomes impossible in a narrow range of speeds close to critical (see e.g., Constantine 1961, Wu & Wu 1982).Therefore, for slender ships in shallow water of large or in finite width, we can solve for maximum squat using the simple transcritical shallow-water (TSWT) equation0xx yy xxxx βγΦ+Φ+Φ= (7) (Writing23h γ=), subject to the same boundary condition (2). The term in ƒ provides dispersion that was absent in the SWT,and limits the maximum sinkage.ConclusionsWe have used two slender-body methods to solve for the sinkage and trim of a ship traveling at arbitrary Froude number, including the transcritical region.The transcritical shallow water theory (TSWT) developed by Mei (1976) has been extended and exploited numerically, using numerical Fourier transform methods to give sinkage and trim via a double numerical integration. This theory has also been extended to the case of a ship moving in a channel of finite width; however, the numerical difficulty in computing the resulting force integral, and its limited validity, mean that the open-water theory is more practically useful.The finite-depth theory (FDT) developed by Tuck & Taylor (1970) has also been improved and used for general hull shapes. This theory gives a sinkage force and trim moment that are slightly oscillatory in h F . Since the theory involves summing infinite-depth and finite-depthcontributions, both of which vary with 2U at high Froude numbers, any error will growapproximately quadratically with U . Therefore we cannot use this theory at large supercritical Froude numbers. Also, the difficulty in finding the infinite-depth contributions numerically, as well as the extra numerical integration needed to compute the force and moment, make the FDT slightly more dif. cult to implement than TSWT.In practice, scenarios in which ships are at risk of grounding will normally have h/L <0.125. Since the TSWT is a shallow water theory and it works well at h/L = 0.125, we expect that it will give even better results at smaller, practically useful values of h=L . Also, since the TSWT and FDT give almost identical results for h/L <0.125, and the TSWT is a much simpler theory, we recommend it as a simple and accurate method for predicting transcritical squat in open water.备注：T.P.Gourlay and E.O.Tuck ．The Maximum Sinkage of a ship[J]．Jourmal of Ship Research ，2001．50~58<文献翻译二：译文>船舶最大下沉量T. P. Gourlay and E. O. Tuck澳大利亚阿德莱德大学一艘在等深为h 的浅水中平稳前行的船舶通常趋向于受到向下的合力并产生船体下沉,处我们同时利用”线性跨临界浅水方程”和”完全分散限深理论”研究典型船体在接近临界速度时的水流和计算这些船体的最大下沉量、纵倾角和船尾位移。
船舶专业英语课文翻译
Chapter 1 Ship Design（船舶设计）Lesson 2 Ships Categorized（船舶分类）2.1 Introduction（介绍）The forms a ship can take are innumerable. 一艘船能采用的外形是不可胜数的A vessel might appear to be a sleek seagoing hotel carrying passengers along to some exotic destination; a floating fortress bristling with missile launchers; 。
or an elongated box transporting tanks of crude oil and topped with complex pipe connections. 一艘船可以看做是将乘客一直运送到外国目的地的优美的远航宾馆。
竖立有导弹发射架的水面堡垒及甲板上铺盖有复杂管系的加长罐装原油运输轮None of these descriptions of external appearance, however, does justice to the ship system as a whole and integrated unit所有这些外部特点的描述都不能说明船舶系统是一个总的集合体self-sufficient,seaworthy, and adequately stable in its function as a secure habitat for crew and cargo. ——船员和货物的安全性功能：自给自足，适航，足够稳定。
This is the concept that the naval architect keeps in mind when designing the ship and that provides the basis for subsequent discussions, not only in this chapter but throughout the entire book.这是一个造船工程师设计船舶使必须记住的、能为以后讨论提供根据的观念，不仅涉及本章也贯穿全书。
船舶专业英语词汇(按英文字母排序)
船舶专业英语词汇（按英文字母排序）a faired set of lines 经过光顺处理的一套型线a stereo pair of photographs 一对立体投影相片abaft 朝向船体abandonment cost 船舶废置成本费用accommodation 居住（舱室）accommodation ladder 舷梯adjust valve 调节阀adjustable-pitch 可调螺距式admiralty 海军部advance coefficient 进速系数aerostatic 空气静力学的aft peak bulkhead 艉尖舱壁aft peak tank 艉尖舱aileron 副鳍air cushion vehicle 气垫船air diffuser 空气扩散器air intake 进气口aircraft carrier 航空母舰air-driven water pump 气动水泵airfoil 气翼，翼剖面，机面，方向舵alignment chock 组装校准用垫楔aluminum alloy structure 铝合金结构American Bureau of Shipping 美国船级社amidships 舯amphibious 两栖的-anchor arm 锚臂anchor chain 锚链anchor crown 锚冠anchor fluke 锚爪aanchor mouth 锚唇anchor recess 锚穴anchor shackle 锚卸扣anchor stock 锚杆angle bar 角钢angle of attack 攻角angle plate 角钢angled deck 斜角甲板anticipated loads encountered at sea 在波浪中遭遇到的预期载荷anti-pitching fins 减纵摇鳍爱antiroll fins 减摇鳍anti-rolling tank 减摇水舱appendage 附体artisan 技工assembly line 装配流水线at-sea replenishment 海上补给augment of resistance 阻力增额auxiliary systems 辅机系统auxiliary tank 调节水舱axial advance 轴向进速backing structure 垫衬结构back-up member 焊接垫板balance weight 平衡锤ball bearing 滚珠轴承ball valve 球阀ballast tank 压载水舱bar 型材bar keel 棒龙骨，方龙骨，矩形龙骨barge 驳船baseline 基线basic design 基本设计batten 压条，板条beam 船宽，梁beam bracket 横梁肘板beam knee 横梁肘板bed-plate girder 基座纵桁bending-moment curves 弯矩曲线Benoulli’s law 伯努利定律berth term 停泊期bevel 折角bidder 投标人bilge 舭，舱底bilge bracket 舭肘板bilge radius 舭半径bilge sounding pipe 舭部边舱水深探管bitt 单柱系缆桩blade root 叶跟blade section 叶元剖面blast 喷丸block coefficient 方形系数blue peter 出航旗boarding deck 登艇甲板boat davit 吊艇架boat fall 吊艇索boat guy 稳艇索bobstay 首斜尾拉索body plan 横剖面图bolt 螺栓，上螺栓固定Bonjean curve 邦戎曲线boom 吊杆boss 螺旋桨轴榖bottom side girder 旁底桁bottom side tank 底边舱bottom transverse 底列板boundary layer 边界层bow line 前体纵剖线bow wave 艏波bowsprit 艏斜桅bow-thruster 艏侧推器box girder 箱桁bracket floor 框架肋板brake 制动装置brake band 制动带brake crank arm 制动曲柄brake drum 刹车卷筒brake hydraulic cylinder 制动液压缸brake hydraulic pipe 刹车液压管breadth extreme 最大宽，计算宽度breadth moulded 型宽breakbulk 件杂货breasthook 艏肘板bridge 桥楼，驾驶台bridge console stand 驾驶室集中操作台BSRA 英国船舶研究协会buckle 屈曲buffer spring 缓冲弹簧built-up plate section 组合型材bulb plate 球头扁钢-bulbous bow 球状船艏，球鼻首bulk carrier 散货船bulk oil carrier 散装油轮bulkhead 舱壁bulwark 舷墙bulwark plate 舷墙板bulwark stay 舷墙支撑buoy tender 航标船buoyant 浮力的buoyant box 浮箱Bureau Veritas 法国船级社butt weld 对缝焊接butterfly screw cap 蝶形螺帽buttock 后体纵剖线by convention 按照惯例，按约定cable ship 布缆船cable winch 钢索绞车CAD(computer-aided design) 计算机辅助设计CAE(computer-aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造CAM(computer-aided engineering) 计算机辅助工程camber 梁拱cant beam 斜横梁cant frame 斜肋骨cantilever beam 悬臂梁capacity plan 舱容图CAPP(computer –aided process planning) 计算机辅助施工计划制定capsize 倾覆capsizing moment 倾覆力臂captain 船长captured-air-bubble vehicle 束缚气泡减阻船cargo cubic 货舱舱容，载货容积cargo handling 货物装卸carriage 拖车，拖架cast steel stem post 铸钢艏柱catamaran 高速双体船catamaran 双体的cavitation 空泡cavitation number 空泡数cavitation tunnel 空泡水筒center keelson 中内龙骨centerline bulkhead 中纵舱壁centroid 型心，重心，质心，矩心chain cable stopper 制链器chart 海图charterer 租船人chief engineer 轮机长chine 舭，舷，脊chock 导览钳CIM(computer integrated manufacturing) 计算机集成组合制造circulation theory 环流理论classification society 船级社cleat 系缆扣clipper bow 飞剪型船首clutch 离合器coastal cargo 沿海客货轮cofferdam 防撞舱壁combined cast and rolled stem 混合型艏柱commercial ship 营利用船commissary spaces 补给库舱室，粮食库common carrier 通用运输船commuter 交通船compartment 舱室compass 罗经-concept design 概念设计connecting tank 连接水柜constant-pitch propeller 定螺距螺旋桨constraint condition 约束条件container 集装箱containerized 集装箱化contract design 合同设计contra-rotating propellers 对转桨controllable-pitch 可控螺距式corrosion 锈蚀，腐蚀couple 力矩，力偶crane 克令吊，起重机crank 曲柄crest (of wave) 波峰crew quarters 船员居住舱criterion 判据，准则Critical Path Method 关键路径法cross-channel automobile ferries 横越海峡车客渡轮cross-sectional area 横剖面面积crow’s nest 桅杆瞭望台cruiser stern 巡洋舰尾crussing range 航程cup and ball joint 球窝关节curvature 曲率curves of form 各船形曲线cushion of air 气垫damage stability 破损稳性damper 缓冲器damping 阻尼davit arm 吊臂deadweight 总载重量de-ballast 卸除压载deck line at side 甲板边线deck longitudinal 甲板纵骨deck stringer 甲板边板deck transverse 强横梁deckhouse 舱面室，甲板室deep v hull 深v型船体delivery 交船depth 船深derrick 起重机，吊杆design margin 设计余量design spiral 设计螺旋循环方式destroyer 驱逐舰detachable shackle 散合式连接卸扣detail design 详细设计diagonal stiffener 斜置加强筋diagram 图，原理图，设计图diesel engine 柴油机dimensionless ratio 无量纲比值displacement 排水量displacement type vessel 排水型船distributed load 分布载荷division 站，划分，分隔do work 做功dock 泊靠double hook 山字钩double iteration procedure 双重迭代法double roller chock 双滚轮式导览钳double-acting steam cylinder 双向作用的蒸汽气缸down halyard 降帆索draft 吃水drag 阻力，拖拽力drainage 排水draught 吃水，草图，设计图，牵引力dredge 挖泥船drift 漂移，偏航drilling rig 钻架drillship 钻井船drive shaft 驱动器轴driving gear box 传动齿轮箱driving shaft system 传动轴系dry dock 干船坞ducted propeller 导管螺旋桨dynamic supported craft 动力支撑型船舶dynamometer 测力计，功率计e.h.p 有效马力eccentric wheel 偏心轮echo-sounder 回声探深仪eddy 漩涡eddy-making resistance 漩涡阻力efficiency 供给能力，供给量electrohydraulic 电动液压的electroplater 电镀工elevations 高度，高程，船型线图的侧面图，立视图，纵剖线图，海拔empirical formula 经验公式enclosed fabrication shop 封闭式装配车间enclosed lifeboat 封闭式救生艇end open link 末端链环end shackle 末端卸扣endurance 续航力endurance 续航力，全功率工作时间engine room frame 机舱肋骨engine room hatch end beam 机舱口端梁ensign staff 船尾旗杆entrance 进流段erection 装配，安装exhaust valve 排气阀expanded bracket 延伸肘板expansion joint 伸缩接头extrapolate 外插fair 光顺faised floor 升高肋板fan 鼓风机fatigue 疲劳feasibility study 可行性研究feathering blade 顺流变距桨叶fender 护舷ferry 渡轮，渡运航线fillet weld connection 贴角焊连接fin angle feedback set 鳍角反馈装置fine fast ship 纤细高速船fine form 瘦长船型finite element 有限元fire tube boiler 水火管锅炉fixed-pitch 固定螺距式flange 突边，法兰盘flanking rudders 侧翼舵flap-type rudder 襟翼舵flare 外飘，外张flat of keel 平板龙骨fleets of vessels 船队flexural 挠曲的floating crane 起重船floodable length curve 可进长度曲线flow of materials 物流_flow pattern 流型，流线谱flush deck vessel 平甲板型船flying bridge 游艇驾驶台flying jib 艏三角帆folding batch cover 折叠式舱口盖folding retractable fin stabilizer 折叠收放式减摇鳍following edge 随边following ship 后续船foot brake 脚踏刹车fore peak 艏尖舱forged steel stem 锻钢艏柱forging 锻件，锻造forward draft mark 船首水尺forward/afer perpendicular 艏艉柱船forward/after shoulder 前/后肩foundry casting 翻砂铸造frame 船肋骨，框架，桁架freeboard 干舷freeboard deck 干舷甲板freight rate 运费率fresh water loadline 淡水载重线frictional resistance 摩擦阻力Froude number 傅汝德数fuel/water supply vessel 油水供给船full form丰满船型full scale 全尺度fullness 丰满度funnel 烟囱furnishings 内装修gaff 纵帆斜桁gaff foresail 前桅主帆gangway 舷梯gantt chart 甘特图gasketed openings 装以密封垫的开口general arrangement 总布置general cargo ship 杂货船generatrix 母线geometrically similar form 外形相似船型girder 桁梁，桁架girder of foundation 基座纵桁governmental authorities 政府当局，管理机构gradient 梯度graving dock 槽式船坞Green Book 绿皮书，19世纪英国另一船级社的船名录，现合并与劳埃德船级社，用于登录快速远洋船gross ton 长吨（1.016公吨）group technology 成祖建造技术GT 成组建造技术guided-missile cruiser 导弹巡洋舰gunwale 船舷上缘gunwale angle 舷边角钢gunwale rounded thick strake 舷边圆弧厚板guyline 定位索gypsy 链轮gyro-pilot steering indicator 自动操舵操纵台gyroscope 回转仪half breadth plan 半宽图half depth girder 半深纵骨half rounded flat plate 半圆扁钢hard chine 尖舭hatch beam sockets 舱口梁座hatch coaming 舱口围板hatch cover 舱口盖hatch cover 舱口盖板hatch cover rack 舱口盖板隔架hatch side cantilever 舱口悬臂梁hawse pipe 锚链桶hawsehole 锚链孔heave 垂荡heel 横倾heel piece 艉柱根helicoidal 螺旋面的，螺旋状的hinge 铰链hinged stern door 艉部吊门HMS 英国皇家海军舰艇hog 中拱hold 船舱homogeneous cylinder 均质柱状体hopper barge 倾卸驳horizontal stiffener 水平扶强材hub 桨毂，轴毂，套筒hull form 船型，船体外形hull girder stress 船体桁应力HV AC(heating ventilating and cooling) 取暖，通风与冷却hydraulic mechanism 液压机构hydrodynamic 水动力学的hydrofoil 水翼hydrostatic 水静力的IAGG(interactive computer graphics) 交互式计算机图像技术icebreaker 破冰船icebreaker 破冰船IMCO(Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization) 国际海事质询组织immerse 浸水，浸没impact load 冲击载荷imperial unit 英制单位爱我船舶网in strake 内列板inboard profile 纵剖面图incremental plasticity 增量塑性independent tank 独立舱柜initial stability at small angle of inclination 小倾角初稳性inland waterways vessel 内河船inner bottom 内底in-plane load 面内载荷intact stability 完整稳性intercostals 肋间的，加强的International Association of Classification Society (IACS) 国际船级社联合会International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) 国际船模试验水池会议intersection 交点，交叉，横断（切）inventory control 存货管理iterative process 迭代过程jack 船首旗jack 千斤顶joinery 细木工keel 龙骨keel laying 开始船舶建造kenter shackle 双半式连接链环Kristen-Boeing propeller 正摆线推进器landing craft 登陆艇launch 发射，下水launch 汽艇船launching equipmeng （向水中）投放设备leading edge 导缘，导边ledge 副梁材length overall 总长leveler 调平器，矫平机life saving appliance 救生设备lifebuoy 救生圈lifejacket 救生衣lift fan 升力风扇lift offsets 量取型值light load draft 空载吃水lightening hole 减轻孔light-ship 空船limbers board 舭部污水道顶板liner trade 定期班轮营运业lines 型线lines plan 型线图Linnean hierarchical taxonomy 林式等级式分类学liquefied gas carrier 液化气运输船liquefied natural gas carrier 液化天然气船liquefied petroleum gas carrier 液化石油气船liquid bulk cargo carrier 液体散货船liquid chemical tanker 液体化学品船list 倾斜living and utility spaces 居住与公用舱室Lloyd’s Register of shipping 劳埃德船级社Lloyd’s Rules 劳埃德规范Load Line Convention 载重线公约load line regulations 载重线公约，规范load waterplane 载重水线面loft floor 放样台longitudinal (transverse) 纵（横）稳心高longitudinal bending 纵总弯曲longitudinal prismatic coefficient 纵向菱形系数longitudinal strength 纵总强度longitudinally framed system 纵骨架式结构luffing winch 变幅绞车machinery vendor 机械（主机）卖方magnet gantry 磁力式龙门吊maiden voyage 处女航main impeller 主推叶轮main shafting 主轴系major ship 大型船舶maneuverability 操纵性manhole 人孔margin plate 边板maritime 海事的，海运的，靠海的mark disk of speed adjusting 速度调整标度盘mast 桅杆mast clutch 桅座matrix 矩阵merchant ship 商船Merchant Shipbuilding Return 商船建造统计表metacenter 稳心metacentric height 稳心高metal plate path 金属板电镀槽metal worker 金属工metric unit 公制单位middle line plane 中线面midship section 舯横剖面midship section coefficient 中横剖面系数ML 物资清单，物料表model tank 船模试验水池monitoring desk of main engine operation 主机操作监视台monitoring screen of screw working condition 螺旋桨运转监视屏more shape to the shell 船壳板的形状复杂mould loft 放样间multihull vessel 多体船multi-purpose carrier 多用途船multi-ship program 多种船型建造规划mushroom ventilator 蘑菇形通风桶mutually exclusive attribute 相互排它性的属性N/C 数值控制nautical mile 海里naval architecture 造船学navigation area 航区navigation deck 航海甲板near-universal gear 准万向舵机，准万向齿轮net-load curve 静载荷曲线neutral axis 中性轴，中和轴neutral equilibrium 中性平衡non-retractable fin stabilizer 不可收放式减摇鳍normal 法向的，正交的normal operating condition 常规运作状况nose cone 螺旋桨整流帽notch 开槽，开凹口oar 橹，桨oblique bitts 斜式双柱系缆桩ocean going ship 远洋船off-center loading 偏离中心的装载offsets 型值offshore drilling 离岸钻井offshore structure 离岸工程结构物oil filler 加油点oil skimmer 浮油回收船oil-rig 钻油架on-deck girder 甲板上桁架open water 敞水optimality criterion 最优性准则ore carrier 矿砂船orthogonal 矩形的orthogonal 正交的out strake 外列板outboard motor 舷外机outboard profile 侧视图outer jib 外首帆outfit 舾装outfitter 舾装工outrigger 舷外吊杆叉头overall stability 总体稳性overhang 外悬paddle 桨paddle-wheel-propelled 明轮推进的Panama Canal 巴拿马运河panting arrangement 强胸结构，抗拍击结构panting beam 强胸横梁panting stringer 抗拍击纵材parallel middle body 平行中体partial bulkhead 局部舱壁payload 有效载荷perpendicular 柱，垂直的，正交的photogrammetry 投影照相测量法pile driving barge 打桩船pillar 支柱pin jig 限位胎架pintle 销，枢轴pipe fitter 管装工pipe laying barge 铺管驳船piston 活塞pitch 螺距pitch 纵摇plan views 设计图planning hull 滑行船体plimsoll line 普林索尔载重线polar-exploration craft 极地考察船poop 尾楼port 左舷port call 沿途到港停靠positive righting moment 正扶正力矩power and lighting system 动力与照明系统precept 技术规则preliminary design 初步设计pressure coaming 阻力式舱口防水挡板principal dimensions 主尺度Program Evaluation and Review Technique 规划评估与复核法progressive flooding 累进进水project 探照灯propeller shaft bracket 尾轴架propeller type log 螺旋桨推进器测程仪PVC foamed plastic PVC泡沫塑料quadrant 舵柄quality assurance 质量保证quarter 居住区quarter pillar 舱内侧梁柱quartering sea 尾斜浪quasi-steady wave 准定长波quay 码头，停泊所quotation 报价单racking 倾斜，变形，船体扭转变形radiography X射线探伤rake 倾斜raked bow 前倾式船首raster 光栅refrigerated cargo ship 冷藏货物运输船Register （船舶）登录簿，船名录Registo Italiano Navade 意大利船级社regulating knob of fuel pressure 燃油压力调节钮reserve buoyancy 储备浮力residuary resistance 剩余阻力resultant 合力reverse frame 内底横骨Reynolds number 雷诺数right-handed propeller 右旋进桨righting arm 扶正力臂，恢复力臂rigid side walls 刚性侧壁rise of floor 底升riverine warfare vessel 内河舰艇rivet 铆接，铆钉roll 横摇roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) 滚装rotary screw propeller 回转式螺旋推进器rounded gunwale 修圆的舷边rounded sheer strake 圆弧舷板rubber tile 橡皮瓦rudder 舵rudder bearing 舵承rudder blade 舵叶rudder control rod 操舵杆rudder gudgeon 舵钮rudder pintle 舵销rudder post 舵柱rudder spindle 舵轴rudder stock 舵杆rudder trunk 舵杆围井run 去流段sag 中垂salvage lifting vessel 救捞船scale 缩尺，尺度schedule coordination 生产规程协调schedule reviews 施工生产进度审核screen bulkhead 轻型舱壁Sea keeping performance 耐波性能sea spectra 海浪谱sea state 海况seakeeping 适航性seasickness 晕船seaworthness 适航性_seaworthness 适航性section moulus 剖面模数sectiongs 剖面，横剖面self-induced 自身诱导的self-propulsion 自semi-balanced rudder 半平衡舵semi-submersible drilling rig 半潜式钻井架shaft bossing 轴榖shaft bracket 轴支架shear 剪切，剪力shear buckling 剪切性屈曲shear curve 剪力曲线sheer 舷弧sheer aft 艉舷弧sheer drawing 剖面图sheer forward 艏舷弧sheer plane 纵剖面sheer profile 总剖线sheer profile 纵剖图shell plating 船壳板ship fitter 船舶装配工ship hydrodynamics 船舶水动力学shipway 船台shipyard 船厂shrouded screw 有套罩螺旋桨，导管螺旋桨side frame 舷边肋骨side keelson 旁内龙骨side plate 舷侧外板side stringer 甲板边板single-cylinder engine 单缸引擎sinkage 升沉six degrees of freedom 六自由度skin friction 表面摩擦力skirt （气垫船）围裙slamming 砰击sleeve 套管，套筒，套环slewing hydraulic motor 回转液压马达slice 一部分，薄片sloping shipway 有坡度船台sloping top plate of bottom side tank 底边舱斜顶板slopint bottom plate of topside tank 定边舱斜底板soft chine 圆舭sonar 声纳spade rudder 悬挂舵spectacle frame 眼睛型骨架speed-to-length ratio 速长比sponson deck 舷伸甲板springing 颤振stability 稳性stable equilibrium 稳定平衡starboard 右舷static equilibrium 静平衡steamer 汽轮船steering gear 操纵装置，舵机stem 船艏stem contour 艏柱型线stern 船艉stern barrel 尾拖网滚筒stern counter 尾突体stern ramp 尾滑道，尾跳板stern transom plate 尾封板stern wave 艉波stiffen 加劲，加强stiffener 扶强材，加劲杆straddle 跨立，外包式叶片strain 应变strake 船体列板streamline 流线streamlined casing 流线型套管strength curves 强度曲线strength deck 强力甲板stress concentration 应力集中structural instability 结构不稳定性strut 支柱，支撑构型subassembly 分部装配subdivision 分舱submerged nozzle 浸没式喷口submersible 潜期suction back of a blade 桨叶片抽吸叶背Suez Canal tonnage 苏伊士运河吨位限制summer load water line 夏季载重水线superintendent 监督管理人，总段长，车间主任superstructure 上层建筑Supervision of the Society’s surveyor 船级社验船师的监造书supper cavitating propeller 超空泡螺旋桨surface nozzle 水面式喷口surface piercing 穿透水面的surface preparation and coating 表面加工处理与喷涂surge 纵荡surmount 顶上覆盖，越过swage plate 压筋板swash bulkhead 止荡舱壁SWATH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) 小水线面双体船sway 横荡tail-stabilizer anchor 尾翼式锚talking paper 讨论文件tangential 切向的，正切的tangential viscous force 切向粘性力tanker 油船tee T型构件，三通管tender 交通小艇tensile stress 拉（张）应力thermal effect 热效应throttle valve 节流阀throughput 物料流量thrust 推力thruster 推力器，助推器timber carrier 木材运输船tip of a blade 桨叶叶梢tip vortex 梢涡toed towards amidships 趾部朝向船舯tonnage 吨位Ptorpedo 鱼雷trailing edge 随边transom stern 方尾transverse bulkhead plating 横隔舱壁板transverse section 横剖面transverse stability 横稳性trawling 拖网trial 实船试验trim 纵倾trim by the stern/bow 艉艏倾trimaran 三体的tripping bracket 防倾肘板trough 波谷爱我船舶网tugboat 拖船tumble home （船侧）内倾tunnel wall effect 水桶壁面效应turnable blade 可转动式桨叶turnable shrouded screw 转动导管螺旋桨tweendeck cargo space 甲板间舱tweendedk frame 甲板间肋骨two nodded frequency 双节点频率ULCC 超级大型原油轮ultrasonic 超声波的underwriter （海运）保险商unsymmetrical 非对称的upright position 正浮位置vapor pocket 气化阱ventilation and air conditioning diagram 通风与空调铺设设计图Venturi section 文丘里试验段vertical prismatic coefficient 横剖面系数vertical-axis(cycloidal)propeller 直叶（摆线）推进器vessel component vender 造船部件销售商viscosity 粘性VLCC 巨型原油轮V oith-Schneider propeller 外摆线直翼式推进器v-section v型剖面wake current 伴流，尾流water jet 喷水（推进）管water plane 水线面watertight integrity 水密完整性wave pattern 波形wave suppressor 消波器，消波板wave-making resistance 兴波阻力weather deck 露天甲板web beam 强横梁web frame 腹肋板weler 焊工wetted surface 湿表面积winch 绞车windlass 起锚机wing shaft 侧轴wing-keel 翅龙骨（游艇）working allowance 有效使用修正量worm gear 蜗轮，蜗杆yacht 快艇yard issue 船厂开工任务发布书yards 帆桁yaw 首摇。
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商船类型杂贷船杂货船的船内空间沿纵向被横舱壁分隔成一系列舱容大致相等的货舱，其舱壁间距为40～70英尺。
垂线间长约为500英尺的船舶一般分成七个货舱。
垂直方向上，最上层连续甲板(主甲板或强力甲板)以下的舱壁用一、二层甲扳分隔开。
内底和最下层甲扳之间的空间称为货舱，其空间高度限制在18英尺以内，为的是使货物压损减少到最小程度。
每层甲板间(称为甲板间舱)高度通常为9~10英尺。
大多数杂货船，除了有上述的双层底舱以外，还设有深舱，用作存放燃油、压截水或如胶乳、椰子油或食用油这一类液体货物。
货物是通过每一个货舱上方甲板的矩形大开口(舱口)来进行装卸的。
一般采用机动的舱口盖来关闭舱口．甲板间舱的舱口盖结构应该足够牢固，以便使它能够承受压在其上面的货物。
顶舱盖应该水密。
甲板间舱的空间一般适宜于装卸件杂货物或用贷盘托运的货物。
通常载货舱在每一层甲板上设有一个舱口，其宽度为船宽的35~50％，长度为舱长的50~60％。
为了加快货物装卸速度，舱口布置的倾向是越来越宽或横向有多个并排舱口，而且舱口也变得更长。
横向采用并排多只舱口布置(例如，三只舱口并排)，可以提高位于甲板下面的集装箱的装卸效率。
码头和船舶之间件杂货物的装卸通常是通过安装在船舶甲板上的吊货杆来进行的。
吊杆的起落靠从桅杆或吊杆柱通到吊杆顶端的可调节索具来进行控制，而另一根绳索从绞车到每一吊杆的顶端绕过滑轮在吊货钩处终止。
起货可以用一根吊杆(通常用来吊10吨以上的重贷)；快速装卸时，可采用一对联台吊杆，一吊杆端在舱口的上方，另一吊杆端在码头上方。
这种货物装卸怍业称为双杆联台操作，一般用于10吨以下的货物。
大多数安装有吊杆的件杂货船在每一舱口端都设有一对吊杆以加速货物装卸。
通常把货物一起堆在一只大网袋里，网袋出空后又返回进行下一次装卸。
尺寸几乎相同的包装货物可堆在货盘上，而后整个货盘被吊殉船上。
吊起的货物通过舱口降下，然后从同袋里或货盘上卸货，每一组货物的理货工人一件件分别贮存好。
贮在货舱两侧的货物除非它们仍在货盘上用铲车搬运，否则需由人工搬运。
现在铲车的使用正在变得很普遍。
当装卸货港口不能提供铲车时，可由船上备带。
船上人工卸货的货运量基本上决定了船舶在港口周转的时间以及港口的费用。
因而也就决定了整个运输系统的经济效果。
大多数杂货船备有一套具有30~100吨起吊能力的重型吊杆设备，以对付偶然遇到的重件贷。
大量新增加着的杂货船正在配备上能旋转的甲板起重机，来代替桅杆、吊杆和绞车。
集装箱船在以货物高速装卸为主的商业航运线上，集装箱船正在取代常规杂货船。
集装箱是风雨密韵箱子(一般为金属)，它能承受堆压载荷和海上运动引起的力。
集装箱具有标准尺寸，装载时最大重量可达30吨左右，标准集装箱的采用使船舶装载及海陆运输变得方便，且易子计算租借费用。
大型集装箱船可在半天左右时间内把货物全部装卸完毕，而装卸相同货物的件杂货船则需几天时间。
通常，除了海关检查外。
运货人把货物装进集装箱后一直送到收货人以前这整个过程中，箱子一般是不打开的。
集装箱在船舶和陆上目的地之间来回运输是靠公路拖车(最通用的工具)、火车车皮或驳船来进行的，所以它们也是这个运输系统构一部分。
对于一定的有效载货容积而言，集装箱船比传统的贷船要大且建造费用更昂贵，但装卸货物的费用以及船舶在码头上停留的时间却减少了很多。
虽然在某些集装箱船上，装卸货物是水平移动的，集装箱是装在垂直的格栅里，且沿垂直方向从船舱中移进移出。
滚装船广义地说，凡是设计成采用轮子滚动来装卸货物的船舶都可以认为是属于滚装船的范筹。
这种船包括拖车运输船，海上火车渡船(装载火车车箱或整辆火车)，汽车、卡车及拖车渡船，军用车辆运输船，装运货盘的船(其贷盘用铲车在码头和船舶之间往返进行装卸)等等。
下面对这类船舶作一简单描述。
虽然它能装卸几种型塑的滚动车辆，但主要是用来运输拖车。
滚装船的舱容比例相对于它的贷物量来说是很高的，它们特别适合于短途运输和需要频繁装卸的运输。
滚装船所需要的借泊时间比集装箱船还短，但建造费用更高。
因为满载的滚装船也不能使船舶吃水根深，‘所以有富裕的干舷，因而允许在水线以上开设舷门，并借助于跳板来装卸滚动贷物。
通常这类船有一个方尾(很象汽艇的方型尾)，方尾上开有门，可使车辆通过尾部跳板以装卸滚轮式车辆。
滚装船具有多层甲板，滚轮货物的装卸通过升降机或倾斜跳饭从承裁甲税装运到其他甲板。
内部升降机和跳板两者却占据了船上大量的空间。
由于需要有畅通甲板(不应该用横舱壁隔断)和供停放车辆用的甲板间，因而使滚装船形成了一种独特的结构布置。
驳船这类船舶标志着在向货物集装箱化和减少港泊时间方面迈出了大步。
货物先装在驳船或港驳上，载满后每一驳船重达1000吨，然后将驳船装到甲板下面和上面，它们的装卸采用龙门吊或升降平台。
就装载统货而论，这些船舶要算是最快的、最大的以及造价最高的一类船舶。
但就它们的尺度而言，这些船舶的有效载货容积小于通常的杂货船。
然而它们的装卸很迅速且能节省很多工时。
因为港驳可以在水上航行，而且能象一般驳船那样操作，所以这些大船可较好地服务于不发达港口。
由于载驳船采用了可以迅速拆装固定驳子的轻便装置，所以它可以部分或者全部改运各种标准集装箱。
散货船大部分海洋运输是靠散货船完成的。
散装干贷包括的产品有t矿砂、煤、石庆石、谷物、水泥、矾土、石膏和砂糖。
大多数远洋散装干货船利用岸上设备装卸货物。
航行在美国大湖里的很多散装干货船具有用来装卸货物的船上设备(自卸货机)，运载这类货物且配备有自卸装置的远洋船舶的数量正在不断增加。
最大量的液体散装贷物是石油产品。
但其他散装液货，例如各种化工产品、植物油、糖浆、乳胶、液化气体、熔态硫，甚至包括酒和果汁的远洋运输的重要性也日趋增加。
实际上几乎所有散装液货船都有卸货泵。
即使是混合型散货船，它们可以同时或交替装载散装干货和散装液货，也有卸液贷用的船用泵。
实际上，几乎所有的散装货船都把机舱、船员居住舱、驾驶宣布置在船尾。
大湖自卸散贷船是一个例外，它把船员居住舱和桥楼布置在首部。
散货船正朝着更大尺度前方向发展，但速度仍保持在中等水平(远洋货船的速度一般为l6~18节或30~30公里／时，大湖船的船速稍低一些)。
远洋矿砂船的特点是双屡底较高而舱容小，这是因为矿砂的密度大。
船上货物堆得高将减少稳性，但能防止十分急速的横摇。
棍合型远洋散装货船由于货物种类多样性而可以低价运输。
它能够适台于不同航线、运载各类不同的散装货物。
这类船舶可装载类似石油产品、煤、谷物及矿砂等散装货物。
散装货船的双层底较低。
其货舱客积相对于船舶本身的尺度显得比较大。
不论从数量上还是从吨位上讲，油船都具有独特性能，且是一种非常重要的液体散装货船。
油船几乎毫无例外地全都运载石油产品。
大型油船差不多都用来运输原油，只有少量的油船专门用来运输化工产品，还有一些油船准备改装为装载谷物之用。
具有与船体外壳相分离的独立型、矩形、圆筒形或球形液货舱的液体散装货船用来运输熔态硫和例如无水氨和天然气这类液化气体。
天然气(LNG)也可装在具有薄膜液舱的液化气船上运输，这种液舱结构在壳板上敷有能承载的绝热层，且装了一金属薄层。
运输熔态硫和液化气体对液货舱的绝热和结构强度都有着特殊的要求，需采用高级的、昂贵的优质结构材料。
客贷船在客货船这类船舶中。
旅客生活设施的安置应保证具有最大程度的舒适性。
一般说，客货船多服务于对旅游业有吸引力并需要装运特殊的而且高运费率货物的港口之间。
由于旅客服务的需要，这类船比差不多同样大小的、专门运输货物的货船需要配备更多的船员。
旅客的生活设施包括有：1—4铺位的客舱，每个房间有浴盆和厕所。
少数房间可以相互连通成套间，它包括一个卧室、更衣室，甚至有一个专用的室外阳台。
供旅客使用的公共场所包括餐厅、休息室、酒吧间、牌戏和娱乐室、图书室、小卖部和游泳池。
载客超过12名的船舶必须遵守国际海上入命安全公约(SOLAS)的有关条例。
这些条例牵涉到下列有关船舶特性的项目，(1)减少由船体损坏而引起的船舶沉没或倾覆的危险性；(2)防止船上火灾的发生和蔓延；(3)增加应急时弃船的可能性和安全性。
有趣的是存在不同于传统的杂货船的例子。
因为件杂货船的货物装卸几乎完全用船上的桅杆和吊杆设备进行，而该船设置了门式起重机以装卸集装箱、车辆和大型货盘。
集装箱一般可以堆放在配备有集装箱格栅的货舱里或甲板上。
大型货盘和车辆可用一个称为装卸机的横向装置，通过舷门来装卸，滚轮式的车辆也可以通过这些舷门滚进滚出。
利用货物升降机可把货物送到下层甲板或从那里进出。
另外，装卸象香蕉之类的货物还可用垂直输送机。
在典型剖面图上所示的水平输送机先从货物升降机上自动接受货物(大多数装在货盘上)，然后，靠手工控制的电瓶货盘装卸机对货物进行堆垛。
前货舱内的货物靠一台5吨级双杆操作的起货吊杆装卸，再靠一货物升降机转运到较低层去。
专业文献翻译（原文）Merchant Ship TypesBreak-bulk cargo shipsThe inboard space in break-bulk cargo ships undivided longitudinally by transverse bulkheads, spaced 40--70 :ft apart, into a series of cargo compartments of approximately equal volume; generally seven for a ship of about 500 ft Lpp. Vertically, the bulkheads are divided by one or two decks below the uppermost, continuous deck (main or strength deck) The space between the inner bottom and the lowest deck. called the hold, is limited to a height of about 18 ft (5.5m) to minimize damage to cargo through crushing. Usually the height of each space between decks (termed tween deck space) is 9--10ft (2.7--3.0m).In addition to the previously mentioned double-bottom tanks, most break-bulk cargo ships have deep tanks used for fuel oil water ballast, or liquid cargoes such as latex, coconut all, or edible oils.The cargo is handled through large rectangular deck openings (hatches) over each cargo space. Mechanically operated hatch covers, are used to close the openings. The hatch covers in the tween decks are strong enough to support cargo stowed on them. The topside hatch covers are watertight. The tween deck space is generally suitable for break-bulk of pallet cargo. Generally, cargo holds have had one hatch per deck, with a width of 35--50% the ship's breadth and a length of 50--60% the hold length, The trend is toward wider hatches or multiple hatches abreast and often longer hatches, to increase cargo handling speed.A multiple hatch arrangement (triple hatch, for instance) is efficiently need for a partial load of containers stowed under deck.Break-bulk cargo handling between pier and ship is done usually by means of cargo booms installed on board The booms are raised or lowered by adjustable wire rigging led from the mast or king post to the boom ends. A wire rope leads over sheaves from a winch to the outer end of each boom and terminates in a cargo hook. Cargo can be hoisted using one boom (customarily for very heavy loads of cargo, l0 tons or over)or for faster handling, by a pair of married booms, with one boom end over the hatch and the other over the pier. This cargo handling operation, called buttoning, is customary for loads up to 10 tons. Most break-bulk cargo ships fitted with booms have a pair of booms at each hatch end to expedite cargo handling. The cargo is often piled together in a large net which is emptied and returned for the next load. Packaged cargo of nearly uniform dimensions may be stacked on pallets which are hoisted aboard individually. The sling load is landed through the hatch opening.The pallets or nets are then unloaded, and each item is individually stowed by the hold gang. Any cargo stowed in the wings of the hold is manhandled unless it is on pallets and handled by a forklift truck. The use of forklift trucks is becoming common practice, and a number of these trucks may he carried on board if they are not available at cargo terminals. The amount of cargo which is man handled onboard determines largely the ship turnaround and port expenses, and, hence, the profitability of the transportation system.Most break-bulk cargo ships have provisions for a heavy lift boom of 30-100 metric ton capacity for occasional units of heavy cargo.An increasing number of break-bulk cargo skips are being fitted with revolving deck cargo cranes instead of masts, booms and winches.Container shipsContainer ships are replacing the conventional break-bulk cargo ship in trade routes where rapid cargo handling is essential, Containers are weather-proof boxes (usually metal) strengthened to withstand stacking and motion at sea. Containers are of standard size, the largest ones weighing up to about 30 metric tons when loaded. The use of standard containers facilitates ship-board stowage, land or waterway transportation, and rental or lease.A large container ship may be loaded or unloaded completely in about half a day, compared to several days for the same amount of cargo in break-bulk cargo ship. Generally, the shipper places the cargo in the container and, except for custom inspection, it is delivered unopened to the consignee; Highway trailers (most commonly), railroad cars, or barges transport containers to and from their land destination and are .therefore a part of the same transportation system. For a given payload cargo capacity, container ships are larger and more costly to build than the traditional cargo ship. but both the Cargo handling cost and the idle ship time in port are reduced considerably.Although in some ships containers arc moved horizontally for loading and unloading, containers are stowed in vertical cells and moved vertically in and out of the vessel.Roll-on/Roll-off shipsWith a broad interpretations all ships that are designed to handle cargo by rolling it on wheels can be considered under this headings. This would include trailer ships; sea trains(carrying railroad cars or entire trains): auto, truck, and trailer ferries; military vehicle carriers; ships carrying pallets handled by forklift trucks from and toshore; and so on. The following is a description of a ship of this type; which is intended primarily to operate as a trailer ship, although it may handle several types of wheeled vehicles.Roll-on/roll-off ships require a high proportion of cubic capacity relative to the amount of cargo and are particularly suited to services with short runs and frequent loading and unloading. They need ever, shorter port time than container ships but their building cost is higher.Because fully loaded roll-on~roll-off ships cannot carry enough cargo to immerse them deeply, their large,freeboard allows the fitting of side ports above the waterline for the handing of cargo on wheels by means of ramps. Usually. ships of this type have a transom stern (a square-shaped stern like that of a motorboat) fitted with doors for handling wheeled vehicles on an aft ramp. Roll-on/roll-off ships have several decks, and the cargo is handled on wheels from the loading deck.to other decks by elevators or sloping ramps. Both internal elevators .and ramps occupy substantial volume in the skip. The need for clear decks, without interruption by transverse bulkheads. and tween decks for vehicle parking results in a unique structural arrangement.Barge-carrying shipsThis type of ship represents a hold step in the trend toward cargo containerization and port time reductions. Cargo is carried in barges or lighters, each weighing up to 1000 metric tons when loaded. The lighters are carried below and above deck and handled ,by gantry cranes or elevator platforms.These are among the fastest, largest, and most expensive ships for the carriage of general cargo. For their size, their payload capacity is less than that of the conventional break-bulk cargo ship. However, they can be loaded and unloaded much faster and with a considerable saving in man-hours.Because the lighters can be waterborne and operated as regular barges, these large ships can serve undeveloped ports advantageously.Using potable fixtures that can be erected quickly, barge-carrying ships can be adapted for the transport of varying amounts of standard containers in addition to or in place of lighters.Bulk cargo shipsA large proportion of ocean transportation is effected by bulk cargo ships.Dry bulk cargo includes products such as iron ore, coal. limestone, grain, cement, bauxite gypsum, and sugar. Most oceangoing dry bulk carriers are loaded andunloaded using shore side installations, Many dry bulk carriers operating in the Great Lakes have shipboard equipment for the handling of cargo (self-unloaders), and an increasing number of oceangoing ships carrying this type of cargo are being fitted with self-unloading gear.By far the largest amount of liquid bulk cargo consists of petroleum products, but ocean transportation of other bulk liquid products is increasing in importance; for example, various chemicals, vegetable oils, molasses, latex, liquefied gases, molten sulfur, and even wine arid fruit juices. Practically all liquid bulk carriers have pumps for unloading the cargo. Even combination bulk carriers, which may carry simultaneously or alternatively dry and liquid bulk cargo, usually have ship board pumps for unloading liquids.Practically all bulk carriers have the machinery compartment, crew accommodation, and conning stations located aft. An exception is the Great Lakes self-unloader with crew accommodations and bridge forward.The tendency in bulk carriers is toward larger ships, with speeds remaining about constant at moderate level (16~18 knots or 30~33 km/h for ocean-going ships, lower for Great Lakes vessels).The oceangoing ore carrier is characterized by a high double bottom and small volume of cargo hold because of the high density of the ore. Storing the cargo high in the ship decreases stability and prevents excessively quick rolling.The oceangoing combination bulk carrier permits low-cost transportation because of its flexibility. It is able to carry many types of bulk cargoes over a variety of sea lanes. This type of ship carries bulk cargoes, such as petroleum product, coal, grain, and ore. The double bottom in bulk carriers is shallow and the volume of cargo holds is large compared to the size of the ship.The tanker is the characteristic, and by far the most important, liquid bulk carrier both in numbers and tonnage. Tankers carry petroleum products only exclusively, The very large tankers are used almost entirely for the transport of crude oil, A few tankers are built especially for the transportation of chemical products, and others are prepared for alternative loads of grain.Bulk liquid carriers, with standing, rectangular, cylindrical, or spherical cargo tanks separated from the hull, are used for the transportation of molten sulfur and liquefied gases, such as anhydrous ammonia and. natural gas. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is also carried in ships with membrane tanks, i.e.. where a thin metallic linear is fitted into a tank composed of ship structural and load-bearing insulation. Thetransportation of molten sulfur and liquefied gases requires special consideration regarding insulation and high structural soundness of cargo tanks including the useof .high-grade, costly materials for their construction.Passenger-cargo shipsThe accommodations for passengers in this type of ship are located to assure maximum comfort. Generally a passenger-cargo ship serves ports that have an appeal for the tourist trade and where rather special, high freight-rate cargo is handled. Because of the service needs of passengers, a ship of this type requires a much larger crew than a merchant ship of comparable size engaged exclusively in the carriage of cargo.The living accommodations for passengers consist of staterooms with 1--4 berths, each room with bath and toilet. A few rooms may be connected and suites may include a living room, dressing room, and even a private outdoor veranda. Public rooms for passenger use may include dining room, lounge, cocktail room. card and game room, library, shops, and swimming pool,Ships carrying more than 12 passengers must comply with the SOLAS regulations. These regulations deal with ship characteristics related to items such as the following: (1) lessening the risk of foundering or capsizing due to hull damage, (2) preventing the start and spread of fires aboard, and (3) increasing the possibility and safety of abandoning ship in emergencies.There is an interesting example of a departure from the traditional break-hulk cargo ship in which cargo is handled almost exclusively by means of a ship board installation of masts and booms. This ship is provided with gantry cranes to handle containers, vehicles, and large pallets. The containers may be stored in cargo holds equipped with container cells or on deck. Large-size pallets and vehicles may be handled through side ports by means of an athwart-ship gear called a sporter. Wheeled vehicles can also be rolled on and off the ship through the side ports. Cargo may be carried to and from lower decks by cargo elevators, and, in addition, there are vertical conveyors for handling cargo such as bananas. The horizontal conveyors shown in the typical section receive cargo automatically, mostly on pallets, from the cargo elevators. This cargo is then stowed by manually controlled; battery-operated pallet loaders. Cargo for the forward hold is handled by a 5-ton burtoning cargo gear and transferred to lower levels by a cargo elevator.。