上海2016-2017学年高三英语一模二模--完型填空--商务类(4篇)
上海2016-2017学年高三英语一模二模--完型填空--科普类(上)(3篇)(T)
2016-2017学年高三一模二模科普及体育类完型填空专项训练2017浦东新区一模完形填空III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species－defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then ___41___ －runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand, hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads(蔗蟾蜍) and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial(无争议的) are nevertheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to ___42___ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort －for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very ___43___. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. ___44___, Britain’s invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) ___45___ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always ___46___ biological diversity(多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise ___47___ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportunists.The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also ___48___. Elimination campaigns tend to be ___49___ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature －to return woods and lakes to the statebefore human ___50___. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing(杂交). Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming ___51___ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a(n) ___52___ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly ___53___ and should be fought: the Nile perch －a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to ___54___ pathogens(病菌), especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a good idea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no space to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden ___55___. That is universally accepted.41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C. disappeared D. harvested42. A. conserve B. eliminate C. investigate D. prioritize43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable44. A. As a result B. For example C. By contrast D. In fact45. A. attraction B. dominance C. annoyance D. substitute46. A. increases B. destroys C. reveals D. targets47. A. oppressed B. disturbed C. cultivated D. preserved48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing49. A. fuel(l)ed B. organized C. interrupted D. greeted50. A. civilization B. interference C. interaction D. maintenance51. A. tolerable B. impossible C. beneficial D. critical52. A. reluctant B. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced53. A. damaging B. flexible C. doubtful D. outstanding54. A. pick up B. take in C. keep out D. turn down55. A. agriculture B. vegetation C. atmosphere D. nature答案：ABCDC ABCAB BCACD较难词汇：1. invasive: 侵略性的攻击性的2. practical: 实际的实用性的3. vigorous:有力的精力充沛的4. drive....to extinction: 逼迫....灭绝5. restore: 恢复修复归还6. multiply: 成倍增加繁殖7. eliminate:消除排除8. invalid:无效的残废的9. fuel: 供以燃料刺激2017二模长宁区完形填空fish,” she might say. So is Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, Samsung’s S Voice, and Google Now. But, man,translates to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory.” We assign female pronouns to them, and, in turn, they fold feminine turns of phrase into their robotic and occasionally inane answers to our requests.biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. “Research indicates there’s likely to be greaterhuman-computer interaction. MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of bothresponded to the voices. In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across assubconsciously neutral.perceive female voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices asbe the boss of it, so we are more likely to opt for a female interface（接口程序）.customers with a woman’s voice. But not just any voice. It has to (50)________ a brand’s personality. For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which licenses its (51)________ of more than 100 voices. Pal insists that some brands choose male speakers. He turned on his iPhone and pulled up the Domino’s Pizza app, which has an assis tant, Dom. He sounded like a high school English teacher—educated and helpful but not (52)________. That’s about right for a brand attempting to (53)________guys ordering pies before the big game.As voice technology improves, though, designers say diversity will too. Many devices already let you (54)________ a voice interface. Homer Simpson ,a famous cartoon character,can tell you where to take a left on your GPS device. And Siri can become a sir, if you take the time to (55)________. Want to know how to do it? Ask her. She’ll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful—and female—tone.41. A. robotic B.high-tech C. genderless D. creative42. A. Culturally B.Obviously C. Grammatically D.Undoubtedly43. A. female B. ridiculous C. professional D.reasonable44. A. charm B. professors C. speech D. participants45. A. accepted B. misunderstood C. studied D. preferred46. A.In practice B.On the contrary C.By this means D.At first47. A.neutrality B.prejudice C. authority D.conscience48. A.interaction B.technology C.personality D.society49. A.more sociable B.more talented C.broader D. wealthier50. A. improve B.develop C.admire D. suit51. A.market B. business C. research D. library52. A. strange B. bossy C. reliable D. unique53. A.appeal to B.look into C.meet with D.run after54. A.build B.tailor C. play D. improve55. A.repeat B.assist C. reprogram municateKeys: 41-45 CAACD 46-50 ABBCD 51-55 DBABC2017二模奉贤区完形填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Robots’ IntelligenceAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be 41 , according to computer science professor Stuart Russell if we figureinto a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the44 children. “You would want that robot 45 with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have beenprogrammed to keep atalking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thingbrought-up person would do.It will be possible tohuman values as clear rules. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are 49 .with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficientsome kind of taboo(禁忌). One simple check would beto programsituation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send outbeeps, and ask forsomebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in 54 , and howan answer, robots could be good for humanity.41. A. avoided B. revised C. increased D. rejected42. A. personalities B. behaviors C. intentions D. values43. A. Instead B. For example C. After all D. As a result44. A. special B. demanding C. bright D. starving45. A. preloaded B. downloaded C. uploaded D. upgraded46. A. comfortable B. private C. sufficient D. noticeable47. A. literarily B. independently C. properly D. naturally48. A. manufacture B. install C. introduce D. create49. A. careless B. senseless C. powerless D. thoughtless50. A. doubt B. threat C. concern D. prospect51. A. subject B. prohibit C. observe D. break52. A. similar B. familiar C. unusual D. ideal53. A. permission B. guidance C. feedback D. comment54. A. principle B. moral C. standard D. technology55. A. look into B. pick out C. turn to D. come up with41-45 A D B D A 46-50 A C D A C 51-55 D C B B D较难词汇sufficient adj.足够的，充足的noticeable adj.显而易见的，明显的;引人注目的，令人瞩目的;显著的，重要的;可以察觉的prospectv. 勘探n. 可能性，预期；(加s)前景subjectn.主题，话题;学科，科目;[哲]主观adj.须服从…的;（在君主等）统治下的v.提供，提出;使…隶属be subject to 受支配；从属于；常遭受pick out 挑出；分辨出look into调查…。
上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语二模汇编----语法填空-老师版(已经校对)
One【2072虹口区】Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits eachblank.Loss of Biodiversity (生物多样性) Affects Human Society If a species of bee disappears forever or a particular plant is extinct, what does it have to do with us humans? Well, according to a team of international scientists, biodiversity is dropping below levels (21) ______ (consider) safe for the health and happiness of human societies.The issue is that everything is inter-connected and ecosystems support our societies (22) ______ they provide us with, for example, food, fibres and fuels.If species go on disappearing, this can disturb many vital processes (23) ______ crop pollination (授粉) and the decomposition (分解) of waste.A framework which defines the environmental limits within (24) ______ humans can really operate -- called planetary boundaries -- says (25) ______ (lose) more than 10% of the biodiversity in an area places the local ecosystem at risk.Ecosystems are all different but this percentage is considered as a good measure of safety.A study published in the magazine Science suggests that 58% of the world’s land surface (26) ______ (reduce) below this level already.These areas house 71% of the global population.Professor Andy Purvis, from Imperial College London and the Natural History Museum, is one of the authors of the study.He says, “Once we’re the wrong side of the boundary, (27) ______ doesn’t mean everything goes wrong immediately, but there is a remarkable higher risk (28) ______ things will go badly wrong.”The researchers found that grasslands, savannas and shrub lands were most affected by biodiversity loss on average.Purvis hopes this report (29) ______ become a wake-up call to thosewho design policies.Here’s his warning: “Decision-makers worry a lot about economic recessions (衰退), but an ecological recession could have even (30) ______ (bad) consequences –and the biodiversity damage we’ve had means we’re at risk of that happening.Until and unless we can bring biodiversity back up, we’re playing ecological roulette (轮盘赌).”Keys:21.considered 22.because / as / since 23.like 24.which 25.losing26.has been reduced 27.it 28.that 29.can 30.worseSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Should Children Ban Their Parents from Social Media?It might be taken for granted - but no previous generation of children will have had the experience of having their entire childhoods intensively and publicly documented in this way.But the very first people to have had some of their childhood pictures __21__ (post) online are not always happy about their formative years being preserved in digital world.Parents may not realize it, but by posting photos and videos of their children online, they are creating an identity for their children __22__ might not be welcomed.Lucy is a good example.She said she had asked her dad to de-tag her from “stuff that doesn’t necessarily represent __23__ I am now.That’s not something I’d want to remember every time I log on to Facebook…It isn’t the best memories, which is the way you’d like to reveal __24__ on social media.”Stories about online privacy are often about children and teenagers being warned of the dangers of publishing too much personal information online.But in this case it’s their parents who are in the spotlight.For some parents, __25__ (safe) option is avoiding social media altogether. Kasia Kurowska from Newcastle is expecting her first child in June and has agreed with her partner Lee to impose a blanket ban __26__ her children are old enough to make their own decisions about social media.But she has two big concerns about her plan.Firstly, it will be difficult __27__ (impose).“When their auntie comes round and takes a picture, we’re going to have to be like paparazzi police, saying, please don’t put these on Facebook.And secondly, thechild might dislike __28__ (not own) an online presence, especially if all of their friends do.But I __29__ (keep) a digital record of them.It just won’t have been shared on a platform __30__ the masses.”Keys:21.posted 22.that/which 23.who/that 24.yourself/yourselves 25.the safest26.until/before 27.to impose 28.not owning 29.will keep 30.forSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Over the past sixteen years of my life, I have grown to be a very independent person.This can be both good and bad in the sense that I am able to do things (21)________ my own, yet at times struggle with taking advice from others.Sometimes, hearing what other people have to say can be one of the hardest things to do.However, getting advice from (22)________ cares about you can impact your life in great ways.Because of this, I began realizing that my mom’s guidance throughout my life has never steered me wrong.This is why I believe you (23)________ always listen to your mother.This belief has not been easy (24)________ (realize).It has taken endless amounts of time in which I decided to go against what my mom had to say, and later discovered that she was right.I think we can all agree that (25)________ (admit) your mom was right is always a hard thing to do.But what else are you supposed to say (26)________ you are standing outside in the freezing cold, shaking because you did not wear that extra jacket you (27)________ (tell) to wear?When I was twelve years old, I had the experience of a lifetime.However, I would have missed out if it hadn’t been for my mom.She had been planning a trip to Turkey for work, (28)________ (offer) to bring my sister and me along with her.When I first heard about this opportunity, I was terrified.Never had I been out of the country before.I thought to (29)________, “Is she crazy?”My mom then began to say, “(30)________ is known to all, one needs to step out of his comfort zone and try something new in order to encounter larger-than-life ideas.”Aftergoing back and forth with my own thoughts, I decided to go on the trip.And boy, she was right.Going to Turkey will forever be one of my greatest memories and I am thankful I got to visit that amazing country.Keys:21.on 22.whoever 23.should/must 24.to realize 25.admitting/to admit 26.when/while/if 27.were told/had been told 28.offering 29.myself 30.AsII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Surviving Art TraditionNative American Indians expressed themselves through their artwork, which is carved onto totem（图腾）poles.Many people hold the belief (21) _____all Native American Indian tribes （部落）carve的totem poles, but this is far from the truth .Carving totem poles was a tradition among many tribes , especially those that lived along the Pacific coast (22)______forest grew.However , those Native American Indians who lived in the south west and the plains , and Indians , but (23)______(few) trees to carve than Pacific tribes.The height of totem poles can vary considerably .Long ago totem poles (24) _______(find) to stand around 12m tall .Today , Native American Indian artists continue to care trees, but some totem poles are short and are used in homes as decoration .(25) _______is not surprising that a genuine pole will cost more than $1500 per meter because traditionally carved totem involve a great deal of work , craftsmanship and time to produce.The raising of a totem pole is an important celebration among the India tribe .A hole is dug for the pole to stand in .The pole is carried to the site in a ceremony which other hundreds of people attend.Ropes are used (26)________(raise) the pole into place.Singing and dancing to drums accompanies the pole raising .Often poles are raised in this way (27) ________the carving begins .Carvers do their jobs then on the site.Many people believe that totem poles are religious symbols , but this idea is false.Instead of (28) _______(act) as religious symbols , carvings represent the tribal nation and convey the tribes’history .The story of a totem pole is frequently passed down from generation to generation .Having the story documented this way helps keep this tradition (29) _________(recognize) in our history .These days , many totem poles no longer exist (30) _______ _______ decay and rot.However , there are still some tribes that continue to practice this ancient are form , and these totem poles are still being enjoyed by collections of tribal art.Keys:21.that 22.where 23.fewer 24.were found 25.It26.to raise 27.before 28.acting 29.recognized 30.because ofII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it.A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it (21) _____ it is performed.Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them.A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs (22) ______（become）a doctor.Most training is concerned (23) _____ technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer.Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords（声带）would be inadequate without (24) ______（control）muscular support.String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm, (25) ______ are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune.Pianists (26) ______（spare）this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for (27) ______ .But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem (28) ______（face）student conductors is that they have to learn to know everynote of the music and (29) ______ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding.Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music (30) ______ they can enjoy performing works written in any century.KEYS:21.until/before 22.to become 23.with 24.controlled 25.which26.are spared 27.them 28.facing 29.how 30.thatⅡ.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankOne steamy July afternoon in central Arkansas, I was working on an important project in my home office.My trusty printer was busy producing an important report (21) ______ it simply stopped.After fifteen minutes of trying to repair, I decided to buy a new printer.Upon my return, my heart froze to see my house on fire.(22) ______ having spent much of my life writing, I was speechless when facing this situation.I was lost for adequate words (23) ______ (describe) the sick, sinking feeling of seeing my home, business, and belongings going up in flames along with photographs and memories (24) ______ (collect) over a lifetime.But the panic that filled my shocked heart in that awful moment was for the nine cats that shared my home after (25) ______ (rescue) from situations of ill-treatment and abandonment.Responding to an early security-system warning, the amazing firefighters arrived immediately, (26) ______ the chemical smoke had already caused deaths.I examined and kissed each cat goodbye, extremely grateful that they had passed gently, without injuries or burns.Only animal lovers really understand the unbelievable impact (27) ______ the loss of one beloved four-legged family member can have on your heart, mind and soul.The loss of so many dearly loved creatures sent me in great sorrow.After staying with a friend of mine for a couple of weeks, I was relocated to a furnished apartment.One evening, about a month after moving in, I (28) ______ (occupy) in writing amystery novel, and at that time a “meow”sounded from outside the apartment door.Was it my mind playing tricks again? More than once I had heard, seen or felt the brush of one of my departed furry roommates.The meow grew louder and more repetitive.Curious, I opened the door. Sitting on the doorstep was a kitten with a black coat and alert eyes.A neighbor (29) ______ (walk) by picked him up and began petting him.When I remarked how cute her kitten was, she explained that it had been born under a bridge and looked around for food.This kitty-loving neighbor was quick to offer an extra litter box if I was interested in giving him a home.My immediate reaction was: “that’s all I need!”without hesitation she put the cute kitten down.I thanked her and closed the door, determined to just let him stay (30) ______ a real home could be found.KEYS:21.when 22.Despite/Although 23.to describe 24.collected 25.being rescued 26.but 27.that/which 28.was occupied 29.Walking 30.untilII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Loving Life in MoosoneeBorn in Moose Factory Island, located about 12 miles inland from the James Bay coastline in northern Ontario, I spent my early childhood years in nearby Moose River Crossing.Our family returned to Moose Factory later, so my siblings（兄弟姐妹）and I could continue our education, （21）______ the local school had been closed down.Moose River Crossing is situated along the only railroad track in Canada that reaches all the way up to the northern community of Moosonee, Ont., which later（22）______ (become) — and still is — my true hometown.（23）______ my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, (24)_________ fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from.Over the years, I began to learn more（25）______ my Native culture, the history and our way of life.Then, in 2009, I met a man who later became my husband.（26）______(be) an ambassador of the land and a hunter, my husband taught me how to hunt, fish, set nets, snare rabbits, make a fire in the rain, read the weather and drive a boat.Even after having lived in Moosonee for 26 years, I had never experienced and learned so much on the land and the mighty Moose River,（27）______ the sunsets are breathtakingly beautiful, as I did in the relatively short time I’ve known my husband.I am so thankful and proud（28）_____(give) the opportunity to lead this kind of lifestyle, which someday will be passed on to my grandchildren.Today, I continue to trace my roots and try to live my life according to them.I have also been back to Moose River Crossing after being away for many years.My older sister and only brother, both hunters, along with a few nephews and nieces, continue to carry on the traditions of our ancestors in Moose River Crossing.Every year, our family gathers for a spring hunt, mainly geese and ducks.In summertime, wego fishing and, in the fall, we head out hunting.In addition to (29)_______(add) to our foods for the year, these excursions are (30)________ our family stories and recollections are shared the most.And there are plenty of stories to go around, all of which are close to my heart and a big part of who I am today.KEYS:21as / because / since 22 became 23 While / When / As 24 something 25 about26.Being 27.Where 28.to be given 29.Adding 30.WhereII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The real reason you should never skip breakfastWe always hear that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and now new research has confirmed what we (21) _________ ( tell ) for years: skipping that morning meal is a very bad idea.New guidance released by the American Heart Association and(22) _________ ( support ) by British experts from the British Heart Foundation warns that skipping breakfast could raise your risk of obesity, diabetes and heart disease, the Daily Mail reports.The review, which was led by scientists from Columbia University in New York, also revealed that up to a third of adults didn’t have breakfast, (23) _________ snacking throughout the day instead ––resulting in health risks.After reviewing numerous studies, the team concluded that (24) _________ who ate regular, healthy breakfast every day were (25) _________ ( likely ) to overeat later on.As a result, their bodies had more time to burn off energy from food before bed.The team suggested we should all aim to eat between 15 and 25% of our daily energy intake early in the morning, which roughly (26) _________ ( equal ) 300-500 calories for a woman and 375-625 calories for a man.(27) _________ the team didn’t provide a sample breakfast, they suggested choosing meals that were high in vital nutrients, including fiber, calcium, potassium and vitamin D.Professor Marie-Pierre St-Onge, (28) _________ led the review panel, said: “Meal timing may affect health due to its impact on the body’s internal clock.We suggest that people eat mindfully, by paying attention to planning both what you eat and (29) _________ you eat meals and snacks, to combat emotional eating.Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to (30) _________ ( eat ) too many calories fromfoods that have low nutritional value.”Lacking some inspiration for tomorrow morning? Check out our collection of fast and healthy breakfast ideas for a fool-proof start to the day.KEYS:21.have been told 22.supported 23.before 24.those 25.less likely 26.equal(l)ed 27.While/Though/Although 28.who 29.when 30.eatingII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits eachblank.Delivering Food by DroneA Singapore restaurant plans to use drones (遥控飞机) to transport food and drinks from the kitchen to a wait station near customers’ tables.Infinium Robotics, the S ingapore company that’s developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre, has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each night 21 business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.But how does the drone know where to hover (盘旋)? What if someone bumps into the drone or is standing in its way? “There’s no chance at all 22 it will hit anything,” says Infinium Robotics chief executive Junyang Woon.The drones automatically charge while 23 (wait) in the kitchen. 24 the chef puts an order on the drone, he hits a button on a keypad and the drone automatically flies to one of two wait stations.Sense-and-avoid technology 25 (build) into the drone won’t allow it to land at the wait station if anything is in its way.The drones are equipped with sonar (声纳系统) and an infrared sensor (红外线传感器), too.A waiter then removes the food or drink from the drone and hits a button 26 sends it back to the kitchen.The drones, weighing a little over five pounds, 27 carry just over four pounds of food.Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as 28 (much) food.“Its job is to help the waiters to reduce some of their boring tasks, ”Woon said.“If they let the robots 29 (do) the job, they can concentrate on interacting with customers to bring about higher customer satisfaction and dining experience.”Since it drew recent media attention, Woon 30 (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States.Keys:21.for 22.that 23.waiting 24.After 25.built26.that/which 27.can 28.much 29.do 30.has heardII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wi ld vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part (21)______(blame) for the decline.If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity.“Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,”the report says.“Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human acti vities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.The Living Planet Report is published every two years.It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife.The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world.The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups.They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others.''We do see particularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment.For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970.This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dambuilding, for example.”The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.(29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope.“One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,”said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London.“On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.”Keys:21.to blame 22.will have lost 23.that 24.carried 25.how 26.in 27.is used 28.which 29.In spite of 30.theySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s.When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again.The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached.I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart.I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her.It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier.It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now.I’m so sorry.I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry.And through her tears, she said: “You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know w/hat kind of reaction I might receive.All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh.Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on.When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me.Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.Keys:21 .her 22 , shook 23, Should 24 returning 25.that26, what 27 .Not having done 28.to say 29 After 30.AsSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Whether in the workplace or the football field , effective teamwork can produce amazing results , However , _____21_______(work) successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem.Effective teamwork certainly does not just happen automatically , it takes a great deal of hard work and compromise .There are a number of factors ____22___must be in place to make a good team.Effective leadership is one of the most important factors of good teamwork .The team’s leader should possess the skills ____23____(create) a positive working environment and motivate and inspire the team members to talk a positive approach to work and be committed.An effective team leader will promote a high level of spirit and make them feel ____24_____（value）Communication is a vital factor of all interpersonal relationship and especially that of a team .Team members must be able to express their feelings , share ideas and see each other’s opinions.Conflicts will arise ____25____well a team functions together .The best/ way to deal with conflicts is to have some organized methods of handling conflicts.Team members should be able to voice their concerns ____26_____fear of offending others.Instead of avoiding conflict issues , a practical approach that ____27____(settle) them quickly is much better .It is often advised that the team leader sit with the conflicting parties and help work out their differences without taking sides。
2016~2017学年上海市宝山区英语高考一模卷(含听力、答案)
上海市宝山区2016学年度第一学期质量监控试卷高三英语(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My Life on an IslandWe live on the island of Hale. Ifs about four kilometers long and two kilometers wide at its broadest point, and it’s joined to the mainland by a causeway (21)__________ (call) Stand—a narrow road built across the mouth of the river (22)__________ separates us from the rest of the country. Most of the time you wouldn’t know we’re on an island because the river mouth between us and the mainland is just a vast stretch of tall grasses and brown mud. But when there’s a high tide and the water rises a half meter or so ab ove the road and nothing can pass (23)__________ the tide goes out again a few hours later, then you know it’s an island.We were on our way back (24)__________ the mainland. My old brother, Dominic, had just finished his first year at university in a tow n 150 km away. Dominic’s train was due in at five and he’d asked for a lift back from the station. Now, Dad normally hates being disturbed when he (25)__________ (write) (which is just about all the time), and he also hates having to go anywhere, but despite the typical sighs and moans –why can’t he get a taxi? What’s wrong with the bus?—I could tell by the flash in the eyes that he was really looking forward to (26)__________ (see) Dominic.So, anyway, Dad and I had driven to the mainland and picked up Dominic from the station. He had been talking non-stop from the moment he’d got in the car. University this, university that, writers, books, parties, people, money…I didn’t like the way he spoke and waved his hands around (27)__________ __________he was some kind of scholar or something. It was embarrassing. It made me feel uncomfortable-that kind of discomfort you feel when someone you like, someone close to you, suddenly starts acting like a complete idiot. And I didn’t like the way he was ignoring me, either. For all the attention I was getting I (28)__________ as well not have been there. I felt a stranger in my own car.We were about halfway across when I saw a boy. My first thought was how odd it was (29)__________ (see) someone walking on the Stand. Y ou don’t often see people walking around here. As we drew (30)__________ (close), he became clearer. He was actually a young man rather than a boy. It’s hard to explain…Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on developing stronger science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum(课程) and programs, as these disciplines are widely ___1___ as the means to help innovation and support national economies.This trend reflects a shift in how school disciplines are being looked at; schools are ___2___ on subjects that have traditionally been isolated from each other –science, mathematics, add art –in favor of deeper, interdisciplinary learning. K-12 education leaders are pioneering new methods for combining the arts with STEM activities, ___3___the ways in which subjects naturally connect in the real world. While this new movement is being discussed almost clearly and directly in an education context, its roots are planted across nearly every industry. In many ways, technology is the connective tissue. Similarly, engineering new transportation technologies requires artful design. The growing ___4___ of the important unions between different skills is paving the way for STEAM in schools.Some doubts of this movement have dismissed the ___5___ as a mere fashion driven by artists who are concerned their profession is losing critical support in an increasingly technology-focused society. However, the Hilburn Academy argues that STEAM is not just a contemporary program of learning, but an important life philosophy—___6___ for higher education and career success. Schools should provide students plentiful opportunities to ___7___ the complexities and complicated layers that include content knowledge. Early examples of STEAM learning include teaching students how mathematical concepts such as geometry(几何学) are rooted in artworks.While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already figures that prove that the integration of these seemingly ___8___ disciplines is supporting student performance at school. A study conducted by the University of Florida ___9___ that students who are engaged in music class do better in math. For example, female high school students enrolled in a music appreciation class scored 42 points higher on the math section of their SATs. Formal experience with the arts is proven to cultivate innovative thinking, adaptability, and other problem-solving skills that are necessary for mastering STEM abilities. In other words, ___10___, is a pioneer for students to understand, use, and apply technologies in new ways.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Anxiety disorders –defined by extreme fear, restlessness, and muscle tension –are carefully considering, disabling, and can increase the risk for ___1___ and self-murder. They are some of the most common mentalhealth conditions around the world, ___2___ around four out of every 100 people and costing the health care system and job employers over US$42 billion each year.People with anxiety are more likely to miss days from work and are less ___3___. Young people with anxiety are also less likely to enter school and complete it – leading to fewer life ___4___. Even though this evidence points to anxiety disorders as being important mental health issues, insufficient ___5___ is being given to them by researchers, clinicians, and policy makers.My team and I at the University of Cambridge wanted to find out who is most affected by anxiety disorders.To do this, we conducted a systematic ___6___ of studies that reported on the proportion of people with anxiety in a variety of contexts around the world, and used accurate methods to keep the highest quality studies.Our results showed women are almost twice as likely to ___7___ anxiety as men, and people living in Europe and North America are disproportionately affected.So why are women more ___8___?It could be because of differences in brain chemistry and hormone(荷尔蒙) variations. Reproductive across a woman’s life are ___9___ with hormonal changes, which have been linked to anxiety. The rise in oestrogen (雌激素) that occurs during pregnancy can ___10___ the risk for uncontrollable disorder.This is ___11___ by disturbing and repetitive thoughts, impulses and addictions that are upsetting and less effective. But in addition to biological mechanisms, women and men seem to experience and react to events in their life ___12___. Women tend to be more likely to stress, which can increase their anxiety. Also, when faced with stressful situations, women and men tend to use different coping ___13___. Women faced with life stressors are more likely to think about them seriously, which can increase their anxiety, ___14___ men engage more in active, problem-focused coping.Other studies suggest that women are more likely to ___15___ physical and mental mistreatment than men, and this behavior has been linked to the development of anxiety disorders.1. A. symptom B. depression C. misery D. frightening2.A, infecting B. stimulating C. capturing D. affecting3. A. productive B. progressive C. positive D. passive4. A. adventures B. insurances C. chances D. programs5. A. conclusion B. attention C. solution D. contribution6. A. ignorance B. outlook C. discovery D. review7. A. suffer from B. deal with C. fight against D. result from8. A. superior B. inferior C. probable D. enormous9. A. characterized B. confused C. performed D. offended10. A. equally B. similarly C. differently D. terribly11. A. shortcuts B. strategies C. standards D. samples12. A. because B. unless C. if D. while13. A. experience B. respond C. ignore D. persist14. A. because B. unless C. if D. while15. A. experience B. respond C. ignore D. persistSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)It dawned on me recently that I am the only person in my family who doesn’t benefit from having a mother in the house.This was not only the case for me, but for a large number of fellow countrymen, including one friend who felt so bad one night that she got out of bed and cleaned her house in case the medical examiner had to come. (He didn’t.)“I want my mommy” indeed could be read throughout the cold, snowy descriptions of winter’s Facebook, where many middle-aged women are known to go for comfort.This translates as: “I want a constant supply of homemade soup without asking for it.”Also: “I want someone who can put her hand on my forehead and know within a degree what my temperature is.”More than anything, the desire for mommy translates into a longing for selfless constancy, for the all-knowing, all-knowing mother with a cold cloth in her hand, who never leaves the bedside except to go to the bathroom.The image of the mother nurse at the sick bed-think Gone With the Wind’s Melanie in the Civil War hospitals-is one of a perfect, warmhearted wisdom soldiers’ holy person and medicine woman, a la Joan of Arc, Mother Teresa and Pocahontas rolled into one. She is a supernatural being who knows, without the help of Google, when her patient should go to the doctor and when she should stay in bed, which illness needs a warm bath and which needs a warm shower…Now, to be fair: let me say that my good friend made soup for me-twice-while I was ill. My goddaughter, a nurse practitioner, texted every day, several times a day, from several states away. My husband often came home from work in the middle of the day to check on me. One night, which so happened to be an outdoor celebration , when I was at my most miserable and convinced it was time for the emergency room, my family gathered around me on the bed with red beans and rice．There’s nothing quite like a mother in situations like these. Literature knows it. History knows it. Evencurrent studies show that mothers are still 10 times more likely than their husbands to leave work to tend to sick children and five times more likely to take the sick child to the doctor, like a kid than a mother these days, continuously circling my sick bed, meowing for food while I suffer in a pile of cough drop wrappers.There is hope: I asked my primary care provider, who is a woman and a mother, at my office visit midway through my illness, if she would be my mommy.She threw her head back and laughed.56. What does the underlined word “She” refer to in Paragraph7?A. MelanieB. la Joan of ArcC. Mother TeresaD. Pocahontas57. We can conclude from the writer, Mother can possibly do the following Except________.A. Supplying homemade soup regularly without asking for it.B. Diagnosing whether her child runs a high fever with her hand.C. Offering her children a helping hand when necessary.D. Never leaving her husband’s bedside except going to the bathroom58. The writer mentions her friend, daughter and husband, which implies that________. .A. her daughter has much less experience than her husband in looking after patientsB. her husband comforted her much less than her daughter.C. though they looked after her well, they couldn’t replace the role of Mother.D. compared with literature, history and current studies, they have done better.59. As a whole, this passage suggests the writer________.A. misses her dead motherB. hopes to get comfort and care from her motherC. blames her mother for being outD. needs her mother’s help wit h housework(B)60. It can be concluded from the passage that the consultants intend to help graduatesA. figure out a qualified consultantB. work out the mismatchC. start out on their career pathD. make out future employers61. The following statements made by consultants are true Except________.A. Make sure your approach for information is positive in tone.B. Some information you are given may not give a complete picture.C. You should demonstrate determination to improve your job prospects.D. Keep your initial objective in mind when you are planning to change jobs.62. Who suggests that graduates should stay happy in spite of defeats among the following consultants?A . Alice B. Paul C. Rebecca D. Smith(C)From winning a complex war to developing a life-saving drug: there are so many things that can only be achieved if people work together in harmony. They can then achieve impressive performances that also benefit the individual. So, why do colleagues or others so often make things difficult for one another? Experimental research carried out by De Dreu has shown that greed and fear are the basic reasons determining problems with teamwork. “People are afraid that their contribution will mainly benefit those people who themselves contribute nothing. That’s why people hold back and invest in self-p rotection rather than cooperation.”De Dreu examined the strategies people use to maximize the benefits for themselves and to reduce the risk of being exploited. He conducts experiments where the participants can invest in self-protection or attacks on others, or they can choose to do nothing. When motivated by greed, people seem to invest mainly in self-protection and less in attacks on others. “Fear is almost always present as a brake on cooperation, but it’s more difficult to predict when greed will cro p up.” The puzzle is that fear among rival groups tends to result in people working better together. “It seems to happen almost automatically, often without it even being discussed.”As Professor of Employment and Organisation Psychology at the University of Amsterdam, De Dreu has conducted a lot of research on cooperation within organizations. In Leiden he intends to approach the subject at a higher level of abstraction. “We know a lot about what makes the best kind of leaders. Now I want to examine what o ur brain looks like when we are working together. I’m interested in that because cooperating with one another relies on very basic systems that we also use for other tasks, such as child-rearing.”He intends to use brain scans to look at which neurohormones (神经激素) play a role in cooperation, such as the “hug hormone (荷尔蒙)” oxytocin（催生素）. Is more oxytocin produced when people are working together successfully? And can you influence cooperation by administering an amount of this hormone? “This neurobiological approach has only really been used by psychologists in the past five years, and there are a lot of important research questions that have to be answered.”De Dreu draws attention to his multidisciplinary approach. He is. also interested in the effect of such “institutions” as religion and legislation because these have an obvious influence on our behavior. He will be working together with fellow scientists from other disciplines: sociologists, political scientists, legal specialists, religious experts and also biologists who will be examining the behavior of rats, for example.De Dreu doesn’t exclude the possibility that he will again be conducting some of his research in organizations. Until then he would welcome any managers would be willing to take part in his neurobiological research. “I would love it if a lot of managers were willing to have scans while making decisions about their companies. But then they’d have to come in their masses, and that’s not to easy to achieve.”63. What does the phrase “child-rearing” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. One of the basic systems that we work with one another.B. One of the tasks our human beings need to be finished.C. One of the questions that people have to be answered.D. One of the examples lies in people’s self-protection64. The experiments conducted by De Dreu imply the following statements Except________.A. Teamwork happens automatically if panic exists among rival groups.B. People will invest in self-protection when driven by greed.C. Some basic systems in our brain help us work with one another.D. More oxytocin is produced when people maximize the benefits for themselves.65. It can be inferred from the passage that De Dreu uses a wide variety of methods to research ________.A. what our brain looks likeB. why people don’t often cooperate in teamworkC. how religion and rules work well togetherD. how managers react in the scanner66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Experiments on. Different peopleB. Research on brain scans and role of religionC. Greed and fear restrict cooperationD. Hormone influences our behaviorSection CDirections:Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Your next nurse could be a robotDr. De Momi, of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy), led an international team that trained a robot to imitate natural human actions. (67)__________ Over time this should lead to improvements in safety during surgeries because unlike their human counterparts robots do not tire and can complete an endless series of precise movements. The goal is not to remove human sk ill from the operating room, but to complement it with a robot’s particular skills and benefits.“As a roboticist, I am convinced that robotic (co)workers and collaborators will definitely change the work market, but they won’t steal job opportunities. (68)__________” De Momi explains.To conduct their experiment De Momi’s team photographed a human being conducting numerous reaching motions, in a way similar to handing instruments to a surgeon. These camera captures were input into the neural network of the robotic arm, which is crucial to controlling movements. Next a human operator guided the robotic arm in imitating the reaching motions that the human subject had initially performed. Although there was not a perfect overlap between the robotic and human actions, they were broadly similar.(69)__________These observers determined whether the actions of the robotic arms were “biologically inspired,” which would indicate that their neural networks had effectively learned to imitate human behavior. About 70% of the time this is exactly what the human observers concluded.Momi’s conclusions. If robotic arms can indeed imitate human behavior, it would be necessary to build conditions in which humans and robots can cooperate effectively in high stress environments like operating rooms.(70)__________ De Momi’s work is part of the growing field of healthcare robotics, which has the potential to change the way we receive health care sooner rather than later.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A good story encourages us to turn the next page and read more. We want to find out what happens next and what the main characters do and what they say to each other. We may feel excited, sad, afraid, angry or really happy. This is because the experience of reading or listening to a story is much more likely to make us ‘feel’ that we are part of the story, too. Just like in our ‘real’ lives, we might love or hate different characters in the story. Perhaps we recognize ourselves or others in some of them. Perhaps we have similar problems.Because of this natural sympathy for the characters, our brains process the reading of stories differently from the way we read factual information. Our brains don’t always recognize the difference between an imagined situation and a real one so the characters become ‘alive’ to us. What they say and do is therefore more meaningful. This is wh y the words and structures that relate a story’s events, descriptions and conversations are processed in this deeper way.In fact, cultures all around the world have always used storytelling to pass knowledge from one generation to another. Our ancestors understood very well that this was the best way to make sure our histories and information about how to relate to others and to our world was not only understood, but remembered too. (Notice that the word ‘history’ contains the word ‘story’ – this is not a coincidence)Encouraging your child to read or listen to stories should therefore help them to learn a second language in a way that is not only fun, but memorable.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.顾客购物时总是注重品牌形象。
上海2016-2017学年高三英语一模二模--完型填空--商务类(4篇)
2016-2017学年高三一模二模商务类完型填空专项训练商务类杨浦一模议论文——探讨职业抑郁的主要精神原因及办法金山一模议论文——快速的商业决策带来的后果黄浦二模议论文——公司规模并不是越大越好浦东二模议论文（主要讨论在经济全球化的背景下，我们是否已经达到了贸易的顶峰？）2017年一模杨浦区完型填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill ineach blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Security guard, truck driver, salesperson – year after year, these jobs appear on lists of the unhappiest careers.Although many factors can make a job __41__ – unusual hours, low pay, no chance for advancement – these threejobs __42__ for another reason: a lack of small talk.Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is central to our well-being, but just how much conversation we require is under __43__. In one study, researchers overheard undergraduates for four days and then(“What do you have there? Pop corn? Yummy!”) o r “serious” __44__ each conversation as either “small talk” . They found that the second type is connected with happiness –the happiest(“Did they break up soon after?”）students had roughly twice as many “serious” talks as the unhappiest ones. Small talk, meanwhile, __45__ only te percent of their conversation, versus almost 30 percent of conversation among the unhappiest students.However, don’t just consider small talk __46__ yet. Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding.Chatting with strangers could __47__ our morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists found that those whochatted with other train passengers reported a more pleasant journey than those who didn’t.Small talk can also help us feel connected to our __48__. People who smiled at, made eye contact with and__49__ spoke with their Starbucks baristas （咖啡师）reported a greater sense of __50__ than those who rushedthrough the transaction（交易）. __51__, when volunteers broke the silence of the art gallery to chat withgallery-goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not __52__.Of course, some of us are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. In one study, peoplewho were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation __53__ on their own. People who were considered “curious”, meanwhile, needed no help __54__ conversations about ordinary things like favorite holidays into friendly exchanges. A “curious mindset,” the researchers concluded, can lead to “positive s ocial__55__.” Therefore, go ahead –small talk needn’t be idle, and nosiness isn’t all bad.41. A. rewarding B. depressing C. exhausting D. challenging42. A. stand out B. turn up C. give off D. put forward43. A. negotiation B. construction C. investigation D. examination44. A. divided B. entitled C. imposed D. cataloged45. A. figured out B. made up C. took over D. added to46. A. worthless B. essential C. boring D. ridiculous47. A. occupy B. satisfy C. brighten D. spoil48. A. emotions B. heart C. customers D. surroundings49. A. purposefully B. briefly C. continuously D. generally50. A. responsibility B. security C. belonging D. achievement51. A. Consequently B. Oppositely C. Unexpectedly D. Similarly52. A. approached B. attached C. addressed D. attended53. A. breaking B. pausing C. rolling D. stopping54. A. evolving B. substituting C. adapting D. transforming55. A. interaction B. standard C. impact D. involvementKeys:41-55 B A C D B A C D B C D A C D A重点词汇：overhear 无意中听到idle 闲置的；懒散的figure out 计算出；弄明白look over 检查；查看give off 发光；发热put forward 提出建议/意见worthless = valueless 不值钱的invaluable= priceless 无价之宝的2017一模金山区完形填空is quite popular in our business world. It makesA new idea called ‘business at the speed of thought’ quick marketing progress, but it also presents a 41 way to run a company. Here’re the main42 : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances mustbe seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected 43 to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the expense of44 understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gatherinformation within a short time, but does it really 45 up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the 46 for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That’s the 47on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It’s also a 48 of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions has either49 or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are 50too easily. Aims never seem to be clear. 51 , good records aren’t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests 52 the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that. But decisions are only as good as the 53 go into them. By that measure, many of today’s decisions are weak and could 54 some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of 55 , but it’s going to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.41. A. numerous B. clear C. dangerous D. bright42. A. points B. matters C. solution D. barriers43. A. response B. rejection C. acceptance D. methods44. A. rapidly B. properly C. timely D. widely45. A. arouse B. cultivate C. decline D. speed46. A. technique B. thirst C. passion D. need47. A. idea B. thought C. doubt D. puzzle48. A. subject B. aim C. project D. discovery49. A. decreased B. changed C. increased D. lengthened50. A. made B. accepted C. dismissed D. discussed51. A. Otherwise B. On the contrary C. For example D. Therefore52. A. setting aside B. breaking out C. turning out D. taking apart53. A. questions B. thoughts C. eyes D. brains54. A. cut up B. cut off C. turn down D. turn off55. A. expanding B. running C. thought D. ExplorationKey: 41-45 CAABD 46-50 DDAAC 51-55 BDDBCin high spirits 兴高采烈dismiss v. 拒绝考虑，否定at the expense of 以…为代价take apart 拆开，剖析by that measure 根据那个标准brains n (pl.) 头脑；智囊2017年二模黄浦区完形填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.essarily Considered BetterBeing Bigger isn’t NecThe firm, which famously started life in 1939, has now declared a new age: that of smaller start-up. By 2014, when Ms Whitman announced HP’s decision to separate its computer and printer business from its corporate hardware and services operations, the company had grown into a clumsy __41__. Its fortunes started to __42__with a series of expensive and much criticized purchases. By 2012 it had lost its position as the worl d’s leadingsupplier of PCs to Lenovo. The dramatic __43__ was aimed at helping the firm adapt to the new age of mobile andonline computing, responding to shareholder demands for more aggresive__44__.“I would go from laser jet printing to our big enterp rise services contracts where we were running the backend of IT for many big companies and organizations. These two things are not like each other. So the ability tofocus and engage with customers on a(n) __45__ set of objectives and business outcomes... I can already see the-off, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) selling servers and difference.” Ms Whitmann, who now heads the new spinservices, says the change has already __46__ her performance. “One big change is it__47__ each of theHP Inc’s divisions to purs ue the strategy that is right for them. __48__ , there is ‘no way’ printer and PC compwould have happened when it was part of the largerdecision last year to buy Samsung’s printing business for $1bnthat ability to drive your own program, not __49__ by other businesses that don’t have the samefirm. So it’scharacteristics.” Ms Whitman is so convinced her strategy is working that she’s __50__ HPE further both its business services division and its software business into separate companies last year.Her assumption that bigger doesn’t always mean better seems __51__. After all, a larger company should findit easier to dominate the market it operates in. But the rapid rise of much smaller start-ups, competing and oftenovertaking these established powerful companies means the accepted wisdom that __52__ equals success is being challenged. __53__ in 2014, eBay carved PayPal, the electronic payments arm it bought in 2001, off from the mainonline sale business.Box, a cloud storage company, is another case in point. Founder Aaron Levie says “Whether Ubcheaper, faster and more scalable andthose same lessons __54__, which is if you can build something that’sdelivers a far better customer experience than what the traditional sellers were able to do, then you can beextremely __55__.”41. A. appearance B. construction C. giant D. possession42. A. decline B. increase C. stay D. vary43. A. adventure B. combination C. development D. split44. A. behavior B. growth C. markets D. policies45. A. ambitious B. complex C. narrow D. overall46. A. delivered B. improved C. measured D. standardized47. A. allows B. employs C. reminds D. threatens48. A. All in all B. For example C. On the contrary D. What’s more49. A. held back B. kept on C. looked over D. taken down50. A. dissolved B. expanded C. operated D. shrunk51. A. fundamental B. reasonable C. surprising D. widespread52. A. diligence B. discipline C. profit D. size53. A. Comparatively B. Generally C. Similarly D. Unexpectedly54. A. apply B. fail C. hide D. increase55. A. friendly B. miserable C. motivated D. troublesomeKey：CADBC BABAD CDCAD较难词汇：declinev. 谢绝，婉言拒绝vi/n. 减少，下降；衰退splitvt.分裂;劈开,裂开n.划分;分歧;裂缝;劈叉adj.裂开的，劈开的，分离的，分裂的split sth into sth; split sth with sbhold back 阻止2017年二模浦东区完形填空III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Have We Reached Peak Trade?Globalization is usually defined as the free movement of people, goods and capital. It’sbeen the most important ___41___ force of modernity. Until the financial crisis of 2008, global trade grew twice as fast as theglobal economy itself. ___42___, thanks to both economics and politics, globalization as we have known it isdeveloping fast.The question is: Have we reached peak trade? If you think of it in terms of the flow of digital data and ideas,no —it’s actually ___43___.” Indeed, the cross-border flow of digital data — e-commerce, web searches, onlinevideo, machine-to-machine interactions — has grown 45 times larger since 2005 and is ___44___ to grow muchfaster than the global economy over the next few years.There’s no doubt globalization has increased wealth at both global an d national levels. But free trade can alsowiden the ___45___ gap within countries, in part by creating concentrated groups of economic losers. Free tradehas made goods and services cheaper for Americans —think of all the inexpensive Chinese-made goods atWalmart —but it hasn’t always ___46___ their job prospects. From1990 to 2008, the areas most ___47___ toforeign competition saw almost no net new jobs created. That’s one reason the new generation of Americans track to be ___48___ than their parents.The gains of free trade do not always ___49___ the losses. This realization that the tide of ___50___ doesnraise all boats has fed into the anti-free trade movement. And companies themselves are ___51___ globalization.Nevertheless, there is one reason to be ___52___ about the future of globalization —at least, the new information-based kind. McKinsey data estimate that the companies responsible for the jump in flows of digitalgoods, services and information will include a much higher proportion of small businesses than in the past. Anestimated 86% of tech-based startups surveyed by McKinsey now do some cross-border business —___53___before the arrival of the Internet, when globalization was dominated by super powers. That means that more of thewealth generated by globalization could flow down to the 80% of the population that hasn’t ___54 should have.If those individuals feel they are being empowered by open borders and freer trade, it could help swing thepolitical pendulum(钟摆) back toward globalization in some form. Despite its laws, it has been an economic forcethat has lifted more people out of ___55___ than anything else the world has ever known.41. A. political B. cultural C. economic D. natural42. A. Otherwise B. Hence C. Moreover D. Yet43.A. depressing B. increasing C. approving D. operating44.A. projected B. tracked C. signaled D. needed45.A. price B. welfare C. pension D. wealth46.A. ruined B. helped C. foreseen D. reversed47.A. resistant B. suited C. exposed D. inaccessible48.A. happier B. healthier C. wealthier D. poorer49.A. outweigh B. balance C. suffer D. substitute50.A. materialism B. modernization C. globalization D. consumption51.A. withdrawing from B. counting on C. profiting from D. insisting on52.A. confused B. concerned C. optimistic D. curious53.A. adaptable B. accessible C. affordable D. impossible54.A. striven B. consumed C. benefited D. digested55.A. fear B. poverty C. frustration D. embarrassmentKeys：41—45 C D B A D46—50 B C D A C51—55 A C D C B词汇：depress vt. 使沮丧；使（经济）不景气approve v 批准；赞成project n 项目；工程；计划v 计划；放映，投射；突出track v 跟踪，追踪n 轨道，跑道，踪迹signal n 信号v （发信号）通知，表示welfare n 福利pension n 养老金退休金，抚恤金reverse v逆转，n 相反adj 相反的，颠倒的resistant adj 抵抗的，反抗的outweigh v 比…重要，比…有价值substitute v 代替n 代替者，代替品materialism n 唯物主义；物质主义withdraw vi 撤退，vt 撤回strive v 努力，奋斗consume v 消耗；吃喝；毁灭poverty n 贫困frustration n 挫折，失败。
2016-年上海高考英语二模完形填空汇编+各区二模答案汇总
2016 年上海高考英语二模完形填空汇编Researchers recently find w omen likely face work environments that push against the “having it all” mentality, leading to feelings of guilt and depression.Trying to have it all could be bad for your mental health, according to a new study that finds that “supermoms” have higher rates of depression compared with working moms who let things 51 .The research, presented Aug. 20 at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in Las Vegas, finds that working is 52 for mothers’ mental health. But among working mothers, the least depressed are those who don’t expect to 53 work and family life perfectly, said study researcher Katrina Leupp, a graduate student at the University of Washington in Seattle. “The ideal that women can do it all actually 54 the level of depressive symptoms compared to women who were more doubtful about whether or not work and family can be balanced,” Leupp told LiveScience.Leupp analyzed survey 55 from 1,600 married women who participated in a large survey called the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. In 1987, the women answered questions to judge their support of women’s 56 , including whether they agreed with statements such as “Women are much happier if they stay at home and take care of their children.” In 1992 and 1994, the now 40-year-old women answered questions about their symptoms of depression. Like earlier studies, the survey data indicated that women who worked outside the home had fewer symptoms of depression, perhaps because outside work gives women more 57 interaction, more varied activities and a larger income, Leupp said. Among the employed women, though, the cheeriest were those who had indicated in their younger years the least 58 for women balancing career and family. The results held even after controlling for earlier levels of depression. “Somewhat 59 , women who don’t expect to be able to balance work and family have better mental health than those who do,” Leupp said.The study didn’t explain why optimistic (乐观的) views of balancing work and motherhood would60 later depression. “The reason may come down to 61 and real-world work environments,” Leupp said. “Women who expect to have it all probably come up against 62 that aren’t designed with work-life balance in mind. When they can’t balance everything perfectly, these supermoms are more likely to feel 63 .”“I think this research really speaks to a 64 between women’s expectations and the actual structure of the workplace,” Leupp said.“The takeaway for working moms is to temper their optimism about balancing 65 and employment and not to blame themselves if they struggle. Recognize that if it feels difficult, it’s because it is difficult.”51. A. happen B. continue C. slide D. end52. A. good B. ready C. hard D. possible53. A. protect B. share C. illustrate D. combine54. A. increased B. assessed C. reached D. influenced55. A. questions B. responses C. solutions D. instruments56. A. pregnancy B. marriage C. employment D. education57. A. cultural B. social C. positive D. verbal58. A. support B. tolerance C. concern D. respect59. A. deliberately B. aggressively C. ironically D. similarly60. A. result from B. relate to C. hold back D. call for61. A. families B. expectations C. surroundings D. requirements62. A. clubs B. hospitals C. governments D. workplaces63. A. excited B. embarrassed C. thrilled D. frustrated64. A. mismatch B. mistreat C. misunderstanding D. misinterpretation65. A. aging B. training C. schooling D. parentingTwo Newcastle scientists are setting themselves to open our eyes to the medical truth by claiming that natural sunlight may help prevent skin cancer.Dr. Ron Laura, professor of health education at Newcastle University, and senior chemist Mr. John Ashton said their research points to a complete __51______ of the accepted scientific theory. They said that sunscreen creams may help cause skin cancer, the artificial indoor light could be __52_____ and that a range of drugs in common use could also ___53____ melanoma--a type of cancer that appears as a dark spot on the skin.The research is likely to be unwelcome in some traditional medical research circles. It is based on a new __54_____ that our bodies are protected from skin cancer by the regulation of a group of complex vitamins (Vitamin D) and immune process.The sunscreens, artificial light and drugs could all unfavorably affect the production of these vitamins and increase the skin’s __55_____ to the sun. But Dr. Laura said natural sunlight passing through the eyes helped __56_____ the production of cancer protection Vitamin D.He said recent statistics from the United States indicated that people who worked indoors all day in artificial light were more __57_____ melanomas than those who worked outdoors. Indoor workers should try to have at least one hour of __58_____ to direct sunlight every day, ___59_____ in the early morning and late afternoon when ultraviolet intensively was lower, Dr. Laura said.Sunscreens, long __60_____ as essential for beach lovers, could also __61______ the production of Vitamin D. Laura and Ashton said sunscreens give people a __62_____ sense of security in thinking they are __63______ from the sun’s rays.Dr. Laura said more statistics ___64_____ their claim had come to light since the first article was published. He believes his research findings are too important to be __65______ to the scientific world.51. A. contribution B. reversal C. combination D. recognition52. A. beneficial B. comfortable C. harmful D. favorable53. A. promote B. reduce C. remove D. eliminate54. A. assumption B. law C. concept D. theory55. A. sensitivity B. resistance C. adaptation D. response56. A. monitor B. measure C. slow D. stimulate57. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. free of D. dependent on58. A. exercise B. reveal C. exposure D. experience59. A. occasionally B. preferably C. enjoyably D. extremely60. A. received B. popular C. accepted D. identified61. A .balance B. adjust C. prevent D. enhance62. A. false B. strong C. true D. sharp63. A. separated B. protected C. guarded D. prohibited64. A. presenting B. doubting C. backing D. providing65. A. limited B. emphasized C. acknowledged D. explainedHarvard LibraryIf we compare professors and students to the host of a university, then the library of a university can be compared to the hallway. The quality of a university, __51__, is in direct proportion to that of its library. At Harvard, the library is an essential part of everybody’s life. Both the quantity and the __52__ of the library make study a pleasant process.Harvard Library is not only the most ancient library in the United States, but the largest university library with the largest scale. In 1638 John Harvard __53__ his whole library to the then Harvard College. After 300 years of development, the library now holds 10 million books and __54__ more than 100 branch libraries. In addition to the libraries owned by each school, there are some branch libraries that are __55__ in some aspects. While most of the branch libraries are on Harvard campus, some are as far as in Washington, D.C., or even in Florence of Italy. Yenching Library is famous for its __56__ of East Asian literature. Lamont Library is thefirst library in the world that is __57__ for undergraduates. Widener Library is the largest library in Harvard, only second to Library of Congress.What __58__ to be mentioned is the system or rather the service of the libraries. Usually the libraries are open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.. The main libraries are open until 10 p.m.. The libraries for undergraduates will even be open all night during the __59__ period. The libraries also provide with students the service of __60__ reading materials for all courses. At the beginning of a semester, each teacher will give a list of books to the librarians. The librarians are __61__ to find out these books and put them at the places where students can easily find them.There is no limitation for the number of books that students can borrow. As the space for the library is limited, many books are __62__ in suburban library. Despite this, students can go to fetch the book at the __63__ library within 24 hours after they submit request for that book. Even if there is only one book to be fetched from the suburban library, the libraries on campus will send someone to do the job. This kind of __64__ which put readers in the first place is rare even in Ivy League. Therefore, study at Harvard will be a(n) __65__ experience.51.A.as a result B. to some extent C. on the contrary D. at all timesB. disciplineC. qualityD. prospect53.A. donated B. assigned C. adapted D. distributedB. composesC. involvesD. includesB. differentC. secureD. peculiar56.A.collections B. documents C. phenomena D. exhibitionsB. formallyC. speciallyD. especiallyB. happensC. appearsD. deserves59.A.examination B. experiment C. vacation D. graduation60.A.confirming B. preparing C. selecting D. designingB. willingC. reluctantD. responsibleB. reservedC. storedD. classified63.A.appointed B. accepted C. expected D. restrictedB. serviceC. activityD. responseB. creativeC. positiveD. enjoyableEducation plays an extremely important role in our life and deeply impacts the society. However, how does society influence education?Before understanding the influence of society on education, we must __51__ society. Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. It is characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals. It is a group of individuals who __52__ a common system of customs, values and laws. From the definition of society, it is clear that we human beings are its building __53__. As we interact with people, try to understand their thinking styles and __54__ patterns, we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them. Society is the greatest __55__ of education. Don’t you think so?We cannot __56__ the impact of society on the education system alone. We need to understand the role of society in the __57__ development of an individual. Even before we become a part of the education system, we start learning from our surroundings. And during the process of formal education, we __58__ take ‘non-formal education’ from society. Yes, our interactions with our fellow-beings, our observations about their social behavior and our understanding of social norms __59__ us to face life. True, educational __60__, like schools, colleges and universities play a very important role in our education. But, we cannot ignore the fact that we learn some of the important lessons of life from society. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the __61__process of learning begins at a point, which marks the end of institutional education. Learning, as an individual, from your interaction with society, is a vital part of education.Society plays an important role in education and influences it, both positively and negatively. Social inequalities and unhealthy educational practices are some of the __62__ influences of society on our lives. Customs and traditions __63__ certain sections of society from exercising their fundamental rights and block the well-being of society, shatter the basic ideas of education and social awareness. Some social groups deny women’s right to education, while others force children to work, depriving(剥夺) them from a healthy environment, conducive to their growth and development. Education is one of the basic human rights. If social norms deprive certain strata(阶层) of society from progressing in life and come in the way of social welfare, it __64__ the purpose of education.Society is an entity that cannot be separated from us. It is we who __65__ the society. It is entirely in our hands whether to add value to our education or devalue it.51. A. know B. define C. recognize D. analyze52. A. share B. invent C. operate D. practice53. A. extents B. blocks C. designs D. expenses54. A. cultural B. traditional C. educational D. behavioral55. A. performer B. supervisor C. facilitator D. opponent56. A. resist B. resolve C. reserve D. restrict57. A. steady B. future C. lasting D. overall58. A. successfully B. desperately C. constantly D. surprisingly59. A. encourage B. impact C. prepare D. impose60. A. circumstances B. contributions C. environments D. organizations61. A. actual B. external C. universal D. available62. A. realistic B. opposing C. practical D. invisible63. A. confirm B. cultivate C. maintain D. prevent64. A. fulfills B. highlights C. defeats D. describes65. A. depend on B. make up C. strive for D. deal withSince Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病)and Parkinson’s disease(帕金森病) are common and many notable people have developed them, they have received more public attention.Alzheimer’s DiseaseMany people imagine that Alzheimer’s disease, the degenerative (退化的)disorder that eventually leaves sufferers with total memory loss, is an inevitable result of aging. This is not so. While the risks of contracting the disease increase with age, there are many elderly people whose memories are perfect. Most of us are so ill-__51__ about all forms of memory loss that we label everything as “Alzheimer’s ”. Alzheimer’s disease itself can affect people as young as 30 and can progress either quickly or slowly. It can also __52__ the blame for other non-degenerative conditions such as deep depression. __53__, only an examination of the brain tissue during an autopsy (解剖) can produce an accurate __54__ of the disease.The causes of Alzheimer’s are unknown. They may be either __55__ or environmental. A study in 1996 of 13,000 people whose parents or siblings had the disease showed they had five times __56__ chance of passing away by the age of 80 than those with no family history of the problem.__57__, there are other factors. In a study of identical twins, it was found that only about half of the twin pairs developed Alzheimer’s and, when both twins __58__ it, they did so as much as 15 years apart. The possibility that environment plays a part was boosted by another 1996 study, this time of two groups of elderly Japanese men. One group lived in Hawaii, the other group in Japan. The Hawaiian group had a much higher incidence of the disease.Aluminum (铝) has been blamed for the development of Alzheimer’s. This is because a high level aluminum has been found in the brains of sufferers. The disease was first diagnosed at the beginning of the 20th century. It was at this time that aluminum was becoming widely __59__ for use in cooking pots.Memory loss, __60__ in performing familiar tasks, and problems with abstract thinking are all indicators of the beginning of the disease. One unusual feature is its impact on language. It attacks nouns first, then verbs. Grammar is one of the last things to go.Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system w hich __61__ more than one million Americans. Individuals with PD lack the substance dopamine (多巴胺), which is __62__ for the central nervous system’s control of muscle activity. Parkinson’s Disease is often characterized by shake, inflexibility in limbs and joints, speech disability and difficulty in __63__ physical movement. Late in the course of the disease, some patients develop dementia (痴呆症) and eventually Alzheimer’s disease. __64__, some Alzheimer patients develop symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Medi cations such as levodopa (左多巴), which changes itself into dopamine once inside the brain, which prevents degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons (神经细胞), are used to improve diminished or __65__ motor symptoms in PD patients, but do not correct the mental changes that occur.51. A. judged B. equipped C. informed D. advised52. A. take B. put C. lay D. hold53. A. On the other hand B. For example C. After all D. In the end54. A. description B. demonstration C. diagnosis D. illustration55. A. natural B. instinctual C. genetic D. internal56. A. slighter B. fainter C. less D. more57. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Finally58. A. came up with B. did away with C. went down with D. put up with59. A. available B. valuable C. memorable D. inaccessible60. A. complaint B. difficulty C. ease D. complexity61. A. touch B. influence C. concern D. affect62. A. important B. unimportant C. priceless D. worthless63. A. stopping B. changing C. initiating D. controlling64. A. Additionally B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Particularly65. A. treated B. showed C. released D. reducedAccording to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns award 51 on one or both of the parents. In other 52 , such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of53 . In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent 54 that the re is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have 55 ; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has 56 that meet the needs of that particular group.Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, r esearch suggests that there are typically two different leadership 57 that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the 58 of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership t hat emphasizes the 59 wellb eing of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing 60 support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may 61 group members who prevent accomplishment of the group’s goals. Express ive leaders cultivate a more 62 or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer 63 when someone experiences difficulties. And they try to 64 issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal 65 from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.51. A. burden B. leadership C. housework D. right52. A. families B. societies C. cases D. researches53. A. selection B. struggle C. recommendation D. register54. A. evidence B. support C. approach D. pattern55. A. in advance B. in brief C. in general D. in common56. A. partners B. achievements C. skills D. qualities57. A. selections B. roles C. challenges D. structures58. A. assignment B. introduction C. completion D. division59. A. joint B. financial C. social D. individual60. A. political B. administrative C. emotional D. technical61. A. discipline B. praise C. ignore D. identify62. A. casual B. temporary C. personal D. stable63. A. criticism B. sympathy C. estimate D. information64. A. omit B. confuse C. raise D. resolve65. A. imitation B. affection C. objection D. revengeThe survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from a different kind of poverty — of the spirit. 51 , one Western country alone now sees 14, 000 attempted suicides ( 自杀) every year by children under 15, and one child 52 five needs psychiatric (心理) advice.There are many good things about 53 in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between 54 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices. 55 , the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbours working 56 and often shares in that work.A child 57 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community's work : helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies --- rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 58 playing with dolls.These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the westernchildren. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions ofthe sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world, 59 , are provided with a watch as one of the 60 signs of growing up, so that they can 61 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows.Third World children do not usually 62 to stay indoors, still less in highrise apartments(公寓) . Instead of dangerous roads, "keep off the grass" signs and "don't speak to strangers", there is often a sense of 63 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 64 from ten floors up.65 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all bad.51. A. As usual B. For instance C. In fact D. In other words52. A. by B. in C. to D. under53. A. childhood B. poverty C. spirit D. survival54. A. adults B. fathers C. neighbours D. relatives55. A. Anyhow B. However C. Instead D. Still56. A. away B. alone C. along D. nearby57. A. growing up B. living through C. playing D. working58. A. and B. but C. or D. so59. A. at any moment B. at the same time C. on the other hand D. on the whole60. A. easiest B. earliest C. happiest D. quickest61. A. care B. fear C. hurry D. worry62. A. dare B. expect C. have D. require63. A. control B. danger C. disappointment D. freedom64. A. anxiously B. eagerly C. impatiently D. proudly65. A. Above all B. In the end C. Of course D. What'sFeeling good about our actions — not guilt or pity— motivates giving, according to the latest research.51 seeing or hearing about suffering children makes most people uncomfortable, that grief is not what drives them to dig into their pockets and donate. The reasons people decide to be selfless, it turns out,may be slightly more 52 .In the study, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers found that people are more likely to give when they think it will make them feel better. They donate, 53 , when they feel hope about putting smiles on those expectant and suffering faces. And that hope, or similar feel-good sensations, are driven by the brain’s reward systems.Researchers — and charities — have long known that putting a(n) 54 face on an abstract problem opens hearts and wallets. Josef Stalin once said that while one death is a(n) 55 , a million is merely a number. Studies have since found that quantifying the size of a disaster or particular need actually 56 giving, while presenting a single story is more likely to cause a desire to help.But it wasn’t clear whether this “identifiable victim” effect resulted from people’s 57 over their own privilege and resources — or from a sense of connection with the 58 and an urge to feel good about making a difference.To find out, researchers led by Alexander Genevsky, a graduate student in psychology at Stanford, imaged the brains of 22 young adults. In the scanner, they saw either a silhouette (剪影) or a head shot of a young African child. As in previous studies, participants were far more likely to give if they saw a face than a blank silhouette—donating almost twice as much in photo trials than in the others. However, this decision was related strongly to their 59 . If they showed little activity in their nucleus accumbens—a brain region linked to every type of pleasurable experience— they were actually less likely to give. But if there is a sharp 60 of activity in this reward area, they felt good and gave more. And the photos of the children were more likely to 61 this reward center. Activity in the accumbens, in fact, completely 62 the difference in giving seen between the silhouette-based requests and the photo-based ones.While the findings point to the feel-good 63 behind giving, other research will have to address the question of why givers get that positive emotional boost. Do people feel rewarded when they give because they think about the happiness of the recipient — or do they feel good because they see themselves as 64 and that self-esteem boost (自信心增强) is mood-enhancing? Such information could help charities 65 their messages to maximize their effectiveness.51. A. Since B. Although C. If D. As52. A. passive B. earnest C. impersonal D. selfish53. A. for example B. on the contrary C. as a result D. on the other hand54. A. plain B. ugly C. specific D. frightened55. A. accident B. threat C. solution D. tragedy56. A. ruins B. stimulates C. lowers D. skips57. A. anger B. guilt C. regret D. joy58. A. desire B. mind C. victim D. stuff59. A. actions B. beliefs C. images D. emotions60. A. edge B. rise C. turn D. division61. A. monitor B. target C. activate D. interrupt62. A. resulted from B. counted on C. accounted for D. subjected to63. A. motivations B. compliment s C. ambitions D. requests64. A. executive B. justified C. innocent D. generous65. A. conceal B. tailor C. obtain D. deleteThere are many things parents can do to help children with autism (自闭症) overcome their challenges. Learning all you can about autism and getting __51__ in treatment will go a long way toward helping your child. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your autistic child:•Be consistent（一致的）.Children with autism have a hard time __52__ what they’ve learned if there is a change of setting. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never think to do so at home. Creating __53__ in your child’s environment is the best way to reinforce learning. Find out what your child’s therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home. Explore the __54__ of having therapy take place in morethan one place in order to encourage your child to __55__ what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It’s also important to be consistent in the way you __56__ with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.•__57__ a schedule. Children with autism tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child, with __58__ times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disturbance to this routine to a __59__. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it __60__.•__61__ good behavior. Positive reinforcement can go a long way with children with autism, so make an effort to “catch them doing something good.” Praise them when they act appropria tely or learn a new skill, being very __62__ about what behavior they’re being praised for.•Pay attention to your child’s sensory sensitivities. Many children with autism are hypersensitive to light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. Other children with autism are “under-sensitive” to sensory stimuli. __63__ what sights, sounds, smells and movements cause your kid’s “bad” or disruptive behaviors and what brings about a(n) __64__ response.If you understand what affects your child, you’ll be better at solving problems, preventing situations that cause difficulties, and creating __65__ experiences.51. A. encouraged B. balanced C. absorbed D. involved52. A. applying B. devoting C. communicating D. appealing53. A. attraction B. comfort C. steadiness D. attention54. A. possibility B. goal C. process D. solution55. A. transplant B. transfer C. transport D. transform56. A. meet B. interact C. negotiate D. associate57. A. Draw up B. Arrange for C. Work out D. Stick to58. A. regular B. flexible C. appropriate D. normal59. A. decrease B. mystery C. minimum D. secret60. A. without doubt B. in private C. without notice D. in advance61. A. Control B. Perform C. Reward D. Maintain62. A. curious B. specific C. particular D. anxious63. A. Figure out B. Account for C. Put up D. Take on64. A. automatic B. immediate C. positive D. quick65. A. frustrating B. successful C. professional D. unpleasantA driving goal for most websites is for that site to be easily found by people looking for the products or services. One of the ways people may find these sites is via a search engine. With this in mind, companies obviously want their websites to ___51___ search engines as well.First of all, website content should be unique and timely. Only quality content ensures that customers will ___52___ your website and also recommend it to friends via links or through social channels. This act of sharing not only gives your site more chances of public ___53___ but it also helps to push up your search engine rankings, which extends huge psychological implication to other engine users as people tend to ___54___Now famous search engines such as Google use mobile friendliness as a ranking signal in their ranking algorithm(算法). Therefore, if your site is not ___55___for mobile devices, you are offering a less than ideal experience to some users and in result search engines will take the ___56___ into account.Another key ranking signal that Google and other search engines ___57___heavily is page speed and overall site performance. If your site is loaded with too many high-resolution images and videos or other elements, muchviewing time will be caused. These will makesluggish, slow loading that frustrate and often drive away visitors. It’s time to ___58___ thepage size as all the visitors appreciatefaster download. Some are。
上海市徐汇区2016-2017年高三英语一模试题----360度全方位解析(已经校对)
2016学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语一模试题2016.12 Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Please mind the silenceDespite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube 地铁in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve,means that (21) even though/if you’re packed into an enclosed space with hundreds of other people, the morning commute (上下班）can leave you feeling somewhat isolated. 21题思路路线：means that后面的宾语从句出现两个句子：you’re packed....和the morning commute.....中间没有并列连词，说明一定是主从句，并且一定不是定语从句，从空格的位置可以看出来。
2016~2017学年上海市金山区英语高考一模卷(含听力、答案)
金山区2016学年第一学期期末质量调研高三英语试卷(满分：140分考试吋间：120分钟） 2016.12Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.A. At the airport.B. At the hotel.C. At the restaurant.D. At the railway station.A. On TV.B. On the Internet.C. From the newspaper.D. From a friend.A. Husband and wife.B. Policeman and driver.C. Passenger and bus conductor.D. Boss and secretary.A. At 1:00 pm.B. At 1:30 pm.C. At 2:00 pm.D. At 2:30 pm.A. She found it very interesting.She found it very boring.She found it enjoyable during the first 30 minutes.She found it enjoyable after the first 30 minutes.A. Make a recovery plan.B. Find a full-time job.C. Drop out of school.D. Resign from her present job.A. Shopping with his son.B. Promoting a new product.C. Buying a gift for a kid.D. Bargaining with a salesgirl.A. He is always late for work.He is having some financial problems.He is not careful enough with his work.He loses his temper easily.A. It is too hot in the room.She wants to avoid meeting people.She wants to smoke a cigarette outside.She doesn’t like the smell of smoke inside.A. Everyone in the company likes Mr. Dale.Mr. Dale has become director of the department.Mr. Dale gets on very well with his colleague.Mr. Dale is the focus of people’s attention.Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have ever heard.Questions 11 through13 are based on the following passage. n. A. Art history class is taught in the lecture hall.Mentally disabled children are taught outside the classroom.Professors teach through real world experiences.Students appreciate classroom learning.A. To praise the professor.B. To support his point of view.C. To praise his friend.D. To advise us to study psychology.A. Learning through firsthand experience is important.B. Students learn a lot from textbooks.Students develop their creativity through textbooks.Students get firsthand information from textbooks.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.A. Consumers find TV advertisements too dull.Consumers travel more now than ever before.Out-of-home ads are more beautifully made.Out-of-home ads are easier to understand.A. Quick to update.B. Pleasant to look at.C. Easy to remember.D. Convenient to obtain.A. Comparison of different kinds of advertising.New forms of effective advertising.The disadvantages of traditional advertising.Effective ways to do effective advertisements.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.A. Her story of completing a task.B. Her experience of being lost.C. Her trip abroad.D. Her success in career.A. Met his friends.B. Attended a lecture.C. Gave a performance.D. Had a trip.A. By following a man.B. By looking at a map.C. By asking an old woman.D. By asking the policeman for help.A. He cannot stand the noise in the bar.B. He has a poor memory.C. He doesn’t speak German.D. He doesn’t like to wear T-shirts.II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Rail-life adventures of two generationsWhen I was 17, I decided to go InterRailing with my friend Bella for a week in summer. Both of us had chosen to study German at university and we decided that train travel in Germany would be the ideal way (21) (practice) the language.(22)______ ________ ________I told my mum, she began to give me tips (23)(base) on her own InterRail experience in the 1970s.I would, she insisted, need (24)______extra-thick sleeping bag “for when you sleep outside”.I would need to pack oatmeal, raisins and nuts and dried soup. She even suggested a camping stove.As she told tales of sleeping on train floors, on platforms, and even once in a barn, I began to get a little worried. (25)______had I let myself in for?In fact, my InterRail experience was quite different. Bella and I googled youth hostels. They were pretty basic—six people to a room, stale cereal for breakfast, no curtains—but fine. We never slept on a train once. InterRail trip was certainly not as economical as my mother's. My ticket (26)________ (cost) £187(1,954 yuan), and I spent £30 a day on cheap food and extra ticket supplements.But I met some (27)_______(amaze) people on the trains, and practiced my German with everyone (28)______businessmen to artists.In my mother's eyes I (29) _______not have had a “real” InterRail experience—but I still had an adventure. I learned about other countries, other people and about myself.Bella and I argued over lost luggage, complained about each other --- and ended up even (30) _______ (good) friends than we had before.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. brakeB. victimsC. issuedD. confirmedE. paceF. typicallyG. multiple H. critically I. slippery J. canceled K. visibilityNINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shanghai’s S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were 31_____ dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5:54 am that 32______ vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shanghai with Zhe jinag Province’s Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit by an out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when a construction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. The injured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very 33____- and braking had led to vehicles losing control.“The fog was very heavy,” an unidentified driver told Shanghai Television Station. “When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and 34______ . But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control.”Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. “One of the 35_____ died on the road to the hospital,” Ding Fuhao, a doctor with the hospital, told the television station. “Three were 36_____ injured.”The city’s meteorological authority 37_____ an orange alert on heavy fog at 6:06 am, meaning 38_____ would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong New Area, Baoshan and Fengxian districts. The alert was 39_____ at 9:44am. This was Shanghai’s first orange alert of heavy fog since the arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning.Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport’s traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the 40______ after the orange alert was canceled, the city’s television station said.III. ReadingComprehension Section BDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A new idea called ‘business at the speed of thought’ is quite popular in business world. It makes quick marketing progress, but it also presents a 41______ way to run a company. Here’re the main 42________ : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances must be seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected 43 to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the expense of 44_____ understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gather information within a short time, but does it really 45_____ up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the 46______ for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That5s the 47______ on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It’s also a___48___ of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions has either ____49__ or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are 50______ too easily. Aims never seem to be clear.____51____ , good records aren’t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests ___52___ the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that. But decisions are only as good as the 53____ go into them. By that measure, many of today’s decisions are weak and could 54_____ some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of _55_____ ,but it’s going to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.A. numerousB. clearC. dangerousD. brightA. pointsB. mattersC. solutionD. barriersA. responseB. rejectionC. acceptanceD. methodsA. rapidlyB. properlyC. timelyD. widelyA. arouseB. cultivateC. declineD. speedA. techniqueB. thirstC. passionD. needA. ideaB. thoughtC. doubtD. puzzleA. subjectB. aimC. projectD. discoveryA. decreasedB. changedC. increasedD. lengthenedA. madeB. acceptedC. dismissedD. discussedA. OtherwiseB. On the contraryC. For exampleD. ThereforeA. setting asideB. breaking outC. turning outD. taking apartA. questionsB. thoughtsC. eyesD. brainsA. cut upB. cut offC. turn downD. turn offA. expandingB. runningC. thoughtD. explorationSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)We do not stop playing because we are old; we ^row old because we stop playing. That’s what I learnt from my new and special friend. On the first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t know.I looked around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady with a smile. She said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I’m eighty- seven years old. Can I give you a hug?” I laughed and enthusiastically responded, “Of course you may!” She gave me a giant squeeze. “Why are you in college at such a young innocent age?” I asked jokingly. “I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one!” she replied. After class we walked to the Students Union building and shared a chocolate milkshake there. We became instant friends.Every day of the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop.I was always listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends whenever she went. At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football dinner. I’ll never forget what she taught us.“There is a huge difference between growing old er and growing up. Anybody can grow old. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunities in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets. ”She concluded her speech by courageously singing The Song of Rose. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics (歌词）and live them out in our daijy life. At the year’s end, Rose finished the colleg e degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.56.What happened to the author on the first day of school?A. He joined the Student Union.B. He got to know an old professor.C. He made the acquaintance of an old lady.D. He had to share a milkshake with others.57,In the author’s eyes,_____________.A. Rose was silent and skilled.B. Rose was talented and hardworking.C. Rose was innocent and generous.D. Rose was courageous and her words were inspiring.58. Which saying might Rose possibly support?A. Rome was not built in a day.B. One is never too old to learn.C. It is no use crying over spilt milk.D. Great minds think alike.(B)59. All the information is included in the advertisement EXCEPT_________.A. camp hoursB. camp priceC. things to bringD. daily schedules60. The underlined phrase “subject to” is closest in meaning to_______A. related toB. due toC. likely toD. depending on61. All the activities are included in the camp schedule EXCEPT________.A. feeding marine lifeB. preparing food for animalsC. playing with sharksD. learning about coral reefs62. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. All attendees will check in and have a welcome dinner on the first day.B. All attendees must check out on the last day.C. The price covers all the expenses including accommodation.D. You can have a 5-day experience working with marine life in the camp.(C)Scientists have invented a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in your hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While the U.S. diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, out traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素).The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S.. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair is equivalent to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly equivalent to the movement of rain systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位），” Cerling said. “It’s good for eliminatin g many possibilities.”Told Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair. When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said, “But it narrows its way down for me.”63.What is the scientists’ new discovery?A. One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B. Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.C. A person s hair may reveal where they have lived.D. The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.64. What does the author mean by “You’re what yo u eat and drink.” in Para.3?A. Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.B. Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C. Food and drink affect one’s personality development.D. Food and drink are similar to one’s existence.65. What is said about the rainfall in American’s West?A. There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B. The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C. Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D. It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.66.What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A. It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B. It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C. It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.D. It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than youneed.A. Men and women dream about different things.B. A person5s dreams and the meaning of those dreams are between the person and God alone.C. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.D. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.E. Dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.F. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freudwrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that(67)___________.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. (68)___________For exampre, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. (69)_________Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. (70)_________The dream may have meaning, but it does notmean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语）as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habi t can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening butfeel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲）and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.她经常在周末带她儿子去音乐会，让他受到艺术的熏陶。
上海市2017届高三英语二模汇编-完型填空
——选词填空Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ask Siri if she’s a woman. Go ahead: try it. She'll tell you she’s____41____. “Like cacti, a certain species of fish,” she might say. So is Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, Samsung’s S V oice, and Google Now. But, man, do they ever sound a lot like women? ____42____, we think of them as ladies too. In Old Norse(古挪威语), Siri translates to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory”. We assign female pronouns to them, and, in turn, they fold female turns of phrase into their robotic and occasionally silly answers to our requests.If we prize gender diversity(多样性) in other areas of daily life, why does our tech sound so____43____? The biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. “Research indicates there’s likely to be greater acceptance of female____44____,” says Karl MacDorman, a professor at Indiana University who specializes in human computer interaction. MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of both genders, then asked them to identify which they____45____. The researchers also measured the way participants responded to the voices. In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across as warmer. ____46____, women even showed a subconscious preference for responding to females; men remained subconsciously neutral.Why the____47____? Stanford University communications professor Clifford Nass wrote that people tend to see female voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices as authority figures who tell them the answers to their problems. We want____48____ to help us, but we also want to be the boss of it, so we are more likely to choose a female interface(接口程序).This tendency suggests that companies will make a better impression on a ____49____group of customers with a woman's voice. But not just any voice. It has to ____50____ a brand’s personality. For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which licenses its____51____of more than 100 voices. Pal insists that some brands choose male speakers. He turned on his iPhone and pulled up the Domino's Pizza app, which has an assistant, Dom. He sounded like a high school English teacher--educated and helpful but not ____52____. That's about right for a brand attempting to ____53____ guys ordering pies before the big game.As voice technology improves, though, designers say diversity will too. Many devices already letyou ____54____ a voice interface. For example. Homer Simpson, a famous cartoon character can tell you where to take a left on our GPS device. And Siri can become a sir, if you take the time to____55____. Want to know how to do it? Ask her. She'll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful--and female--tone.41. A. robotic B. high-tech C. genderless D. creative42.A. Culturally B. Obviously C. Grammatically D. Undoubtedly43.A. female B. ridiculous C. professional D. reasonable44. A. charm B. professors C. speech D. participants45.A. accepted B. misunderstood C. studied D. preferred46. A. In practice B. On the contrary C. By this means D. At first47. A. neutrality B. prejudice C. authority D. conscience48. A. interaction B. technology C. personality D. society49. A. more sociable B. more talented C. broader D. wealthier50. A. improve B. develop C. admire D. suit51. A. market B. business C. research D. library52.A. strange B. bossy C. reliable D. unique53. A. appeal to B. look into C. meet with D. run after54. A. educate B. customize C. leave D. answerA. buildB. tailorC. playD. improve(宝山区只有54题选项单词与长宁等3区不一样) 55. A. repeat B. assist C. reprogram D. communicate41-45 CAACD46-50 ABBCD 51-55 DBABCDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Good news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征）.Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,” the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stone41-55 CADBC BADBA CDBADDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are _______as big heroes.It seems to me that people, especially men, find it _______because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can _______ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression.However, there is a ______side to boxing. It can be a very dangerous sport. Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers ______have to wear helmets, there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with ________consequences. Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the__________. Furthermore, studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing, in the form of serious brain _______, even if a boxer has never been knocked out.I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing. I think it would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like _______sports, and so do I, but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hitting41-45 BDACA 46-50 BDCAB 51-55CACADSection BDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.To Apologize or Not to ApologizeWhy difficult?When we do wrong to someone we know, even not 41 , we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are 42 . The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the 43 but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every word or expression 44 ,as they become part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.Why now?The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more 45 . During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more 46 than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of 47 apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of 48 apologies. Although they are not carried out in the public place, we can’t neglect the importance of this performance. Why 49 ?Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for 50 . They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a strong 51 . Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.Why refuse?Why is it that leaders so often try every means to 52 apologies, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even 53 risky. Apologies can be signalsfor admitting mistakes and mistakes can be indication of job insecurity. Leaders may also be afraid that 54 of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk 55 .41. A. immediately B. intentionally C. occasionally D. accidentally42. A. simple B. ridiculous C. abnormal D. different43. A. individual B. company C. family D. society44. A. conflicts B. matters C. appeals D. deceives45. A. urgent B. possible C. necessary D. simple46. A. interestedly B. patiently C. frequently D. hopefully47. A. faithful B. trusty C. immediate D. public48. A. sincere B. acceptable C. private D. positive49. A. bother B. reduce C. regret D. ignore50. A. promotion B. criticism C. appreciation D. identification51. A. personality B. will C. reason D. desire52. A. attempt B. involve C. commit D. avoid53. A. financially B. professionally C. academically D. physically54. A. avoidance B. admission C. involvement D. elimination55. A. fulfillment B. statement C. occupation D. strategy41-45 BDABA 46-50 CDCAB 51-55 CDBBDDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing (41)______ that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which (42)______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and (43)______ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States (44) ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and (45)______ for the future.“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is (46)______ for the world,” Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the (47)______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but (48)______ the outcome remained uncertain.“We are still in a race (49)______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50)_____ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels (51)______and transforming vast areas into desert.“(52)______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simplesign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is (53)______ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and (54)______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently (55) ______ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.41. A. applicants B. fears C. observations D. comments42. A. seeks B. allows C. assumes D. seizes43. A. institutions B. laboratories C. committees D. factories44. A. formally B. instantly C. particularly D. generally45. A. prejudices B. approaches C. visions D. concepts46. A. spiritual B. historic C. appropriate D. valueless47. A. agreements B. groups C. headquarters D. emissions48. A. apologized B. denied C. warned D. overlooked49. A. against B. on C. for D. without50. A. avoid B. find C. address D. ignore51. A. falling B. rising C. disappearing D. remaining52. A. Until B. Since C. If D. While53. A. under no circumstances B. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all means54. A. officers B. policymakers C. employers D. technicians55. A. remove B. preserve C. supply D. restore41-45 BADAC46-50 BBCAC51-55 BDDBCFill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Being Bigger isn’t Necessarily Considered BetterThe film, which famously started life in 1939, has now declared a new age, that of smaller start-up. By 2014, when Ms Whitman announced HP’s decision to separate its computer and printer business from its corporate hardware and services operations, the company had grown into a clumsy ____41____Its fortunes started to ____42_____with a series of expensive and much criticized purchase. By 2012 it had lost its position as the World ‘s leading supplier of PCs to Lenovo. The dramatic ____43____was aimed at helping the firm adapt to the new age of mobile and online computing, responding to shareholder demands for more aggressive ______44_____.“ I would go from laser jet printing to our big enterprise services contracts where we were running the back end of IT for many big companies and organizations. These two things are not like each other. So the ability to focus and engage with customers on a(n)____45____set of objectives and business outcomes.I can already see the differences.” Ms Whitmannn, who now heads the new spin-off. Hewlett Packard Enterprise ( HPE) selling servers and services, says the change has already ___46____her performance. “One big change is it ____47____each of the divisions to pursue the strategy that is right for them. ____48_____, there is ‘no way ‘printer and PC company HP Inc’s decision last year to by Samsung’s printing business for $1 bn would have happened when it was part of the larger firm. So it’s that ability to drive your own program, not ____49___by other businesses that don’t have the same characteristics.” MsWhitman is so convinced her strategy is working that she’s ____50_____HPE further, spinning off both its business services division and its software business into separate companies last year.Her assumption that bigger doesn’t always mean better seems ____51____. After all, a larger company should find it easier to dominate the market it operates in. But the rapid rise of much small start-ups, competing and often overtaking these established powerful companies means the accepted wisdom that ____52_____equals success is being challenged.____53______in 2014, eBay carved PayPal , the electronic payments arm it bought in 2001, off from the main online sale business.Box, a cloud storage company, is another case in point. Founder Aaron Levie says,” Whether Uber, Airbnb,those same lessons _____54____, which is if you can build something that’s cheaper, faster and more scalable and delivers a far better customer experience than what the traditional sellers were able to do, then you can be extremely ___55_____.41. A. appearance B. construction C. giant D. possession42. A. decline B. increase C. stay D. vary43. A. adventure B. combination C. development D. split44. A. behavior B. growth C. markets D. policies45. A. ambitious B. complex C. narrow D. overall46. A. delivered B. improved C. measured D. standardized47. A. allows B. employs C. reminds D.threatens48. A. All in all B. For example C. On the contrary D. What’s more49. A. held back B. kept on C. looked over D. taken down50. A. dissolved B. expanded C. operated D. shrunk51. A. fundamental B. reasonable C. surprising D. widespread52. A. diligence B. discipline C. profit D. size53. A. Comparatively B. Generally C. Similarly D. Unexpectedly54. A. apply B. fail C. hide D. increase55. A. friendly B. miserable C. motivated D. troublesome41-45 CADBC BABAD CDCADFill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.More Parents Shifting Careers to Achieve Work-life BalanceAs a television news host, Cynthia Demos’ schedule made her home life a challenge. Working nights and weekends meant she rarely put her 3-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter to bed, or spent Saturdays at the park. So, three years ago, Demos began testing the waters to see if operating her own business making marketing videos would create an option for more 41 time.Last month, Demos took a leap. Instead of renegotiating her 42 , she left her job to take her venture to the next level — building her own video production/media training company. It’s a career shift on a path to work-life balance that more 43 are making.New research shows the top reason why people leave their jobs is to 44 opportunities with a better work-life balance. Those who make the 45 say there almost always is a main cause, either work-or home-related. It could be a life-changing event like the birth of a child, or it could be a new demanding boss, change in job responsibilities, or too many missed milestone events. It might even be a more 46 job offer.For Denie Harris, the main cause was the attraction of a better 47 situation for a mom with young daughters. Harris had been marketing director for two companies in South Florida when an opportunity came her way to hold a similar position at her daughters’ school. It was a decision that required 48 all factors. The upside included seeing her children during the workday and sharing the same 49 with them. The downside was leaving the corporate world and earning less. “Everything in life is a give-and-take,” Harris says. “For a mom, working at your children’s school is the best possible place to be.”In the 50 to achieve work-life balance, working mothers having been “quitting” jobs for more than a decade, choosing to stay at home with their children when 51 possible. But today, both men and women are making job changes, choosing work options that better fit their 52 lifestyle. The shift often means serious consideration of 53 , including salary, advancement and fulfillment.Doug Bartel, who left his job as a TV news producer more than a decade ago, says that what working fathers often look for is predictability and control over their schedules. They are starting their own law firms or becoming self-employed consultants to gain that 54 .Big salaries aren’t necessarily the golden handcuffs(手铐) they used to be. With the traditional 40-hour workweek becoming out of date, a survey of nearly 9,700 full-time workers by the global firm of Ernst & Young found that most parents are willing to make 55 and financial concessions (让步)for work-life balance.41. A. balance B. business C. family D. entertainment42. A. issue B. contract C. future D. contribution43. A. employers B. employees C. children D. parents44. A. give up B. seek out C. act on D. substitute for45. A. change B. mistake C. difference D. effort46. A. budget-friendly B. female-friendly C. family-friendly D. business-friendly47. A. work B. living C. security D. education48. A. identifying B. understanding C. describing D. weighing49. A. idea B. feeling C. value D. schedule50. A. struggle B. permission C. decision D. ability51. A. physically B. medically C. financially D. logically52. A. past B. desired C. interesting D. modern53. A. jobs B. hobbies C. sacrifices D. partners54. A. power B. support C. skill D. control55. A. identity B. career C. mental D. considerate41-45 CBDBA46-50 CADDA51-55 CBCDBFill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Robots’ IntelligenceAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be ____41____, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell if we figure out how to turn human ___42_____into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language. ____43____, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the ____44____children.” You would want that robot ____45_____with a good set of values.” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots havebeen programmed to keep a ___46____distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a ____47____brought-up person would do.It will be possible to ___48_____more complicated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are ____49____.The biggest ____50_____with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’re produced a system that will ____51_____some kind of taboo （禁忌）. One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with a(n) ____52____situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps ,and ask for ___53_____from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in ____54_____, and how to create a set of ethical（伦理的）rules. But if we ___55_____an answer , robots could be good for humanity.41. A. avoided B. revised C. increased D. rejected42. A. personalities B. behaviors C. intentions D. values43. A. Instead B. For example C. After all D. As a result44. A. special B. demanding C. bright D. starving45. A. preloaded B. downloaded C. uploaded D. upgraded46. A. comfortable B. private C. sufficient D. noticeable47. A. literarily B. independently C. properly D. naturally48. A. manufacture B. install C. introduce D. create49. A. careless B. senseless C. powerless D. thoughtless50. A. doubt B. threat C. concern D. prospect51. A. subject B. prohibit C. observe D. break52. A. similar B. familiar C. unusual D. ideal53. A. permission B. guidance C. feedback D. comment54. A. principle B. moral C. standard D. technology55. A. look into B. pick out C. turn to D. come up with41-45 ADBDA 46-50 ACDAC 51-55 DCBBDDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why College is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an ___41____period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult _____42____.In the past two decades, continued connections with and ___43____on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with housework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family toautonomy,universities have ____44_____to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college need to be a time of ___45____and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually and personally._____46_____we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.____47_____ growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the ___48____world is equally important. Because a college community （群体）differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of ____49___. If students rely on administrations to ___50_____their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity,within a larger and complex community.______51___,the tendency for universities to monitor and __52_____student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (规定), the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize many actually be _____53___. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.Our generation once joined hands and stood from at times of national emergence. What is lacking today is the _____54____between desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their home to be replacement homes and not places to experience growth.But Every college discussion about community values,social climates and behavior should include ___55__of the development importance of students autonomy and self-regulation.41. A. expanded B. educational C. expected D. extended42. A. responsibilities B. abilities C. knowledge D. experience43. A. concentration B. dependence C. influence D. decision44. A. give up B. give away C. give in D. give out45. A. instruction B. exploration C. reflection D. preparation46. A. When B. While C. Since D. If47. A. Intellectual B. Spiritual C. Logical D. Psychological48. A. adult B. virtual C. real D. social49. A. satisfaction B. duty C. belonging D. curiosity50. A. understand B. train C. protect D. regulate51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Thus D. However52. A. change B. criticize C. shape D. motivate53. A. encouraged B. challenged C. agreed D. realized54. A. difference B. tension C. balance D. conflict55. A. observation B. recognition C. determination D. judgment41-45 DABCB 46-50 BADCD 51-55 BCADBDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the。
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2016-2017学年高三一模二模商务类完型填空专项训练2017年一模杨浦区完型填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Security guard, truck driver, salesperson – year after year, these jobs appear on lists of the unhappiest careers. Although many factors can make a job __41__ – unusual hours, low pay, no chance for advancement – these three jobs __42__ for another reason: a lack of small talk.Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is central to our well-being, but just how much conversation we require is under __43__. In one study, researchers overheard undergraduates for four days and then __44__ each conversation as either “small talk” (“What do you have there? Pop corn? Yummy!”) or “serious” (“Did they break up soon after?”). They found that the second type is connected with happiness –the happiest students had roughly twice as many “serious” talks as the unhappiest ones. Small talk, meanwhile, __45__ only ten percent of their conversation, versus almost 30 percent of conversation among the unhappiest students.However, don’t just consider small talk __46__ yet. Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Chatting with strangers could __47__ our morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists found that those who chatted with other train passengers reported a more pleasant journey than those who didn’t.Small talk can also help us feel connected to our __48__. People who smiled at, made eye contact with and __49__ spoke with their Starbucks baristas （咖啡师）reported a greater sense of __50__ than those who rushed through the transaction（交易）. __51__, when volunteers broke the silence of the art gallery to chat with gallery-goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not __52__.Of course, some of us are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. In one study, people who were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation __53__ on their own. People who were considered “curious”, meanwhile, needed no help __54__ conversations about ordinary things like favorite holidays into friendly exchanges. A “curious mindset,” the researchers concluded, can lead to “positive social __55__.”Therefore, go ahead –small talk needn’t be idle, and nosiness isn’t all bad.41. A. rewarding B. depressing C. exhausting D. challenging42. A. stand out B. turn up C. give off D. put forward43. A. negotiation B. construction C. investigation D. examination44. A. divided B. entitled C. imposed D. cataloged45. A. figured out B. made up C. took over D. added to46. A. worthless B. essential C. boring D. ridiculous47. A. occupy B. satisfy C. brighten D. spoil48. A. emotions B. heart C. customers D. surroundings49. A. purposefully B. briefly C. continuously D. generally50. A. responsibility B. security C. belonging D. achievement51. A. Consequently B. Oppositely C. Unexpectedly D. Similarly52. A. approached B. attached C. addressed D. attended53. A. breaking B. pausing C. rolling D. stopping54. A. evolving B. substituting C. adapting D. transforming55. A. interaction B. standard C. impact D. involvementKeys:41-55 B A C D B A C D B C D A C D A重点词汇：overhear 无意中听到idle 闲置的；懒散的figure out 计算出；弄明白look over 检查；查看give off 发光；发热put forward 提出建议/意见worthless = valueless 不值钱的invaluable= priceless 无价之宝的2017一模金山区完形填空A new idea called ‘business at the speed of thought’ is quite popular in our business world. It makesquick marketing progress, but it also presents a 41 way to run a company. Here’re the main42 : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances mustbe seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected 43 to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the expense of44 understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gatherinformation within a short time, but does it really 45 up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the 46 for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That’s the 47on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It’s also a 48 of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions has either49 or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are 50too easily. Aims never seem to be clear. 51 , good records aren’t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests 52 the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that. But decisions are only as good as the 53 go into them. By that measure, many of today’s decisions are weak and could 54 some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of 55 , but it’s going to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.41. A. numerous B. clear C. dangerous D. bright42. A. points B. matters C. solution D. barriers43. A. response B. rejection C. acceptance D. methods44. A. rapidly B. properly C. timely D. widely45. A. arouse B. cultivate C. decline D. speed46. A. technique B. thirst C. passion D. need47. A. idea B. thought C. doubt D. puzzle48. A. subject B. aim C. project D. discovery49. A. decreased B. changed C. increased D. lengthened50. A. made B. accepted C. dismissed D. discussed51. A. Otherwise B. On the contrary C. For example D. Therefore52. A. setting aside B. breaking out C. turning out D. taking apart53. A. questions B. thoughts C. eyes D. brains54. A. cut up B. cut off C. turn down D. turn off55. A. expanding B. running C. thought D. ExplorationKey: 41-45 CAABD 46-50 DDAAC 51-55 BDDBC2017年二模黄浦区完形填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Being Bigger isn’t Nec essarily Considered BetterThe firm, which famously started life in 1939, has now declared a new age: that of smaller start-up. By 2014, when Ms Whitman announced HP’s decision to separate its compu ter and printer business from its corporate hardware and services operations, the company had grown into a clumsy __41__. Its fortunes started to __42__ with a series of expensive and much criticized purchases. By 2012 it had lost its position as the worl d’s leadingsupplier of PCs to Lenovo. The dramatic __43__ was aimed at helping the firm adapt to the new age of mobile and online computing, responding to shareholder demands for more aggresive__44__.“I would go from laser jet printing to our big enterp rise services contracts where we were running the back end of IT for many big companies and organizations. These two things are not like each other. So the ability to focus and engage with customers on a(n) __45__ set of objectives and business outcomes... I can already see the difference.” Ms Whitmann, who now heads the new spin-off, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) selling servers and services, says the change has already __46__ her performance. “One big change is it__47__ each of the divisions to purs ue the strategy that is right for them. __48__ , there is ‘no way’ printer and PC company HP Inc’s decision last year to buy Samsung’s printing business for $1bn would have happened when it was part of the larger firm. So it’s that ability to drive your own program, not __49__ by other businesses that don’t have the same characteristics.” Ms Whitman is so convinced her strategy is working that she’s __50__ HPE further, spinning off both its business services division and its software business into separate companies last year.Her assumption that bigger doesn’t always mean better seems __51__. After all, a larger company should find it easier to dominate the market it operates in. But the rapid rise of much smaller start-ups, competing and often overtaking these established powerful companies means the accepted wisdom that __52__ equals success is being challenged. __53__ in 2014, eBay carved PayPal, the electronic payments arm it bought in 2001, off from the main online sale business.Box, a cloud storage company, is another case in point. Founder Aaron Levie says “Whether Uber, Airbnb, those same lessons __54__, which is if you can build something that’s cheaper, faster and more scalable and delivers a far better customer experience than what the traditional sellers were able to do, then you can be extremely __55__.”41. A. appearance B. construction C. giant D. possession42. A. decline B. increase C. stay D. vary43. A. adventure B. combination C. development D. split44. A. behavior B. growth C. markets D. policies45. A. ambitious B. complex C. narrow D. overall46. A. delivered B. improved C. measured D. standardized47. A. allows B. employs C. reminds D. threatens48. A. All in all B. For example C. On the contrary D. What’s more49. A. held back B. kept on C. looked over D. taken down50. A. dissolved B. expanded C. operated D. shrunk51. A. fundamental B. reasonable C. surprising D. widespread52. A. diligence B. discipline C. profit D. size53. A. Comparatively B. Generally C. Similarly D. Unexpectedly54. A. apply B. fail C. hide D. increase55. A. friendly B. miserable C. motivated D. troublesomeKey：CADBC BABAD CDCAD较难词汇：declinev. 谢绝，婉言拒绝vi/n. 减少，下降；衰退splitvt.分裂;劈开,裂开n.划分;分歧;裂缝;劈叉adj.裂开的，劈开的，分离的，分裂的split sth into sth; split sth with sbhold back 阻止2017年二模浦东区完形填空III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Have We Reached Peak Trade?Globalization is usually defin ed as the free movement of people, goods and capital. It’s been the most important ___41___ force of modernity. Until the financial crisis of 2008, global trade grew twice as fast as theglobal economy itself. ___42___, thanks to both economics and politics, globalization as we have known it is developing fast.The question is: Have we reached peak trade? If you think of it in terms of the flow of digital data and ideas, no —it’s actually ___43___.” Indeed, the cross-border flow of digital data — e-commerce, web searches, online video, machine-to-machine interactions — has grown 45 times larger since 2005 and is ___44___ to grow much faster than the global economy over the next few years.There’s no doubt globalization has increased wealth at both global an d national levels. But free trade can also widen the ___45___ gap within countries, in part by creating concentrated groups of economic losers. Free trade has made goods and services cheaper for Americans —think of all the inexpensive Chinese-made goods at Walmart —but it hasn’t always ___46___ their job prospects. From1990 to 2008, the areas most ___47___ to foreign competition saw almost no net new jobs created. That’s one reason the new generation of Americans is on track to be ___48___ than their parents.The gains of free trade do not always ___49___ the losses. This realization that the tide of ___50___ doesn’t raise all boats has fed into the anti-free trade movement. And companies themselves are ___51___ globalization.Nevertheless, there is one reason to be ___52___ about the future of globalization —at least, the new information-based kind. McKinsey data estimate that the companies responsible for the jump in flows of digital goods, services and information will include a much higher proportion of small businesses than in the past. An estimated 86% of tech-based startups surveyed by McKinsey now do some cross-border business —___53___ before the arrival of the Internet, when globalization was dominated by super powers. That means that more of the wealth generated by globalization could flow down to the 80% of the population that hasn’t ___54___ as much as it should have.If those individuals feel they are being empowered by open borders and freer trade, it could help swing the political pendulum(钟摆) back toward globalization in some form. Despite its laws, it has been an economic force that has lifted more people out of ___55___ than anything else the world has ever known.41.A. political B. cultural C. economic D. natural42.A. Otherwise B. Hence C. Moreover D. Yet43.A. depressing B. increasing C. approving D. operating44.A. projected B. tracked C. signaled D. needed45.A. price B. welfare C. pension D. wealth46.A. ruined B. helped C. foreseen D. reversed47.A. resistant B. suited C. exposed D. inaccessible48.A. happier B. healthier C. wealthier D. poorer49.A. outweigh B. balance C. suffer D. substitute50.A. materialism B. modernization C. globalization D. consumption51.A. withdrawing from B. counting on C. profiting from D. insisting on52.A. confused B. concerned C. optimistic D. curious53.A. adaptable B. accessible C. affordable D. impossible54.A. striven B. consumed C. benefited D. digested55.A. fear B. poverty C. frustration D. embarrassmentKeys：41—45 C D B A D46—50 B C D A C51—55 A C D C B词汇：depress vt. 使沮丧；使（经济）不景气approve v 批准；赞成project n 项目；工程；计划v 计划；放映，投射；突出track v 跟踪，追踪n 轨道，跑道，踪迹signal n 信号v （发信号）通知，表示welfare n 福利pension n 养老金退休金，抚恤金reverse v逆转，n 相反adj 相反的，颠倒的resistant adj 抵抗的，反抗的outweigh v 比…重要，比…有价值substitute v 代替n 代替者，代替品materialism n 唯物主义；物质主义withdraw vi 撤退，vt 撤回strive v 努力，奋斗consume v 消耗；吃喝；毁灭poverty n 贫困frustration n 挫折，失败。