专四语法及练习虚拟语气解读
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专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)
（2）祈使语气 (imperative mood) 祈使语气用来表示请求、命令和劝告等。 eg. Don’t be late. Be quiet! Let’s have a break.
（3）虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood) 虚拟语气是一组特别的动词形式，用来表 示要求、建议、命令、意愿和假设等。 eg. If there were no air, all living things would die. It is vital that she be warned before it is too late.
2. 含蓄虚拟条件句
有时句中并未出现条件句，其假设情况是 由上下文含蓄地提供的，这种句子称为含 蓄条件句。
eg. A more careful student wouldn’t have made such glaring mistakes. With his aid you would have succeeded in it. But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. She must have been ill, otherwise she would have come to school.
(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间 条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)
专四虚拟语气
虚拟语气一、条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。
但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。
如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
如：If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)
虚拟语气
1.主从句谓语动词的时态
(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:
主 句 与现在事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+do 与过去事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+have done 与将来事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+do 从 句 were (不分人 称)/did
had done
真题举例：
1. He would have finished his college education, but he _____ to quit and find a job to support his family. （07, 60） A. had had B. has C. had D. would have [C] 2. _____ you ____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. (05, 63) A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had [C]
真题举例：
1. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65) A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues [C] 2. It is imperative that the government _____ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(06.59) A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to attract [C]
1.主从句谓语动词的时态
(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:
主 句 与现在事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+do 与过去事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+have done 与将来事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+do 从 句 were (不分人 称)/did
had done
真题举例：
1. He would have finished his college education, but he _____ to quit and find a job to support his family. （07, 60） A. had had B. has C. had D. would have [C] 2. _____ you ____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. (05, 63) A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had [C]
真题举例：
1. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65) A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues [C] 2. It is imperative that the government _____ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(06.59) A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to attract [C]
专四常考语法结构3虚拟语气
If only the committee __ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve D 注意：当if only后的句子表示与现在或将来事实 相反，该用动词过去式来表示虚拟语气，而选 项中又没有时，可以采用这种形式：would + 动词原形。
• I insist that we_______ (go) there by bus. • He susggested that we _________ (leave) early. • The judge ordered that the prisoner________ (be) sentenced to 30 days in jail.
• I wish I were as tall as you. 我 希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadn’t said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
• 2）Wish to do表达法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
错综时态的虚拟语气
• 错综时态的虚拟语气即指主句和从句在 表达是与什么时态的事实相反上并不一 致（比如主句要表达与现在事实相反而 从句要表达与过去事实相反），这种情 况要采用“对号入座”的方法来处理， 即主从句结构分别采用与其表达时态对 应的结构。Eg.
专四虚拟语气题目及讲解
1、It’s getting late. I’d rather you
Hale Waihona Puke __now. A、left B、leave C、are leaving D、will leave
Would rather后面接从句时，表示主语宁愿某人做某事， 从句用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去式，表示希望。注意 区分would rather 其它两个惯用句式：would rather do sth. “宁愿做某事”；would rather do…than do…“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”
4.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam , she __ much better results now. A. Would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. Would get
条件句与过去事实相反，虽然主句的时间副词为 now，但事实上该成绩已经出来，故用could have got. 而不是 would get.
ifonly从意义和语法上都相当于iwish后面的谓语动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望用过去完成时表示过去的愿望用wouldcoulddohightimewecuttingdownshallstophightime后面的从句谓语动词用一般过去式或should动词原形且should不可省略
虚拟语气
回顾历年真题 虚拟语气讲解
(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时 间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)
专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气
专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气语法是语言学的一个分支，研究按确定用法来运用的"词类"、"词"的屈折变化或表示相互关系的其他手段以及词在句中的功能和关系。
下面是店铺给大家带来专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气，希望能给大家带来帮助。
考点一：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用(should)+动词原形。
1. It was recommended that passengers _not __ smoke during the flight.(2004/1994)A. notB. need notC. could notD. would not2. He left orders that nothing _should be_____touched until the police arrived here.1997A. should beB. ought to beC. must beD. would be3. She asked that she __be____ allowed to see her son in police custody. 1993A.would beB.could beC.beD.was4. The teacher demanded _that Tom hand in_____ his essay immediately.1991A. Tom to hand inB. that Tom hands inC. that Tom handed inD. that Tom hand in考点二：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用(should)+动词原形。
2英语专业四级词汇语法辅导-虚拟语气
虚拟语气
条件句
• 条件句为非真实条件句时，所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或 实现的，句中的条件从句和结果主句都要用虚拟语气。
与将来事实相反也可以用过去时：were, did
虚拟语气的几个句型
• 1、虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中 • A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中 谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 • B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中 谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 • C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时， 宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或 could, would + have +动词过去分词。 • The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. • ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” • ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” • I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
虚拟语气常用句型
12. 建议、命令、和要求等,谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。 A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词 有： • ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 • command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望 • determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张 • move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令 • prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心 • recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 • urge强调，促进 vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令） pray请求 • 注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来表达， 一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 • She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体） • She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语） • She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)
条件句
• 条件句为非真实条件句时，所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或 实现的，句中的条件从句和结果主句都要用虚拟语气。
与将来事实相反也可以用过去时：were, did
虚拟语气的几个句型
• 1、虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中 • A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中 谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 • B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中 谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 • C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时， 宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或 could, would + have +动词过去分词。 • The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. • ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” • ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” • I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
虚拟语气常用句型
12. 建议、命令、和要求等,谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。 A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词 有： • ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 • command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望 • determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张 • move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令 • prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心 • recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 • urge强调，促进 vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令） pray请求 • 注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来表达， 一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 • She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体） • She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语） • She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)
专四语法部分
虚拟方式状从：
1与现在事实相反
从句—v.过去式(be在一、三人称后可用was/were，通常用were较多)
2与过去事实相反
从句—v.过去完成式(had done)
3与将来事实相反，即将来不太可能发生
从句--情态v. (might) + v.原形
Eg. He talks as if hewerea scholar. (In fact, he is not a scholar.)
用在wish后的宾语从句中，表示不可实现的愿望。
主句通常为I wish,从句用下列形式：
1与现在事实相反,即目前未能实现的愿望
从句--v.过去式(be→were)
2与过去事实相反，即过去未能实现的愿望
从句--①had done(v.过去完成式)
②情态v.+ have done（动词的完成式）
3将来不太可能实现的愿望
I second Mr. Green’s motion that the meetingbe put offuntil next week.
2上述动词的形容词后的that主语从句也要求相同形式的虚拟语气。
advisable, desirable, preferable, urgent, …
It is advisable that you (should) go to see a doctor.
If Iwereyou, Ishould go and seethe doctor at once.
Icould have mether if Ihad comea few minutes earlier.
If shehadn’t got uplate, shewouldn’t have beenlate for school.
1与现在事实相反
从句—v.过去式(be在一、三人称后可用was/were，通常用were较多)
2与过去事实相反
从句—v.过去完成式(had done)
3与将来事实相反，即将来不太可能发生
从句--情态v. (might) + v.原形
Eg. He talks as if hewerea scholar. (In fact, he is not a scholar.)
用在wish后的宾语从句中，表示不可实现的愿望。
主句通常为I wish,从句用下列形式：
1与现在事实相反,即目前未能实现的愿望
从句--v.过去式(be→were)
2与过去事实相反，即过去未能实现的愿望
从句--①had done(v.过去完成式)
②情态v.+ have done（动词的完成式）
3将来不太可能实现的愿望
I second Mr. Green’s motion that the meetingbe put offuntil next week.
2上述动词的形容词后的that主语从句也要求相同形式的虚拟语气。
advisable, desirable, preferable, urgent, …
It is advisable that you (should) go to see a doctor.
If Iwereyou, Ishould go and seethe doctor at once.
Icould have mether if Ihad comea few minutes earlier.
If shehadn’t got uplate, shewouldn’t have beenlate for school.
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名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同 位语从句。从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表 示虚拟。考生应熟悉： (1)下列动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟 形式：（表示建议、要求、命令、决定等意念的词） desire, advise, recommend, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require, insist, maintain, move, propose, prefer, urge, vote。如： In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home. I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.
当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时， if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在 这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话， 我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了
(3)识别事实和假设混合句： Your maths instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time. (句子前半部分为假设情况，而 “父母病了”是事实) I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.(前半部分为 假设，后半部分是事实)
(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时 间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。 如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
与将来事实相反
should do / were to do
1.Would you have been surprised if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know before hand ? (04年) [与过去事实相反]
2.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd people there.（00年）[与过去事实相 反]
(3)下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句 中动词用虚拟形式： insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity, importance, regulation, rule, resolution, understanding。如： John Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
(2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句 中动词用虚拟形式： advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested。如： The board deem it urgent that these files should be printed right away. It is essential that all these figures be checked twice.
专四语法总结及练习
虚拟语气
二 虚拟语气
1.主从句谓语动词的时态 (1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:
主 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 句 从 句 were (不分人 称)/did had done
would/情态动词 过去式+do would/情态动词 过去式+have done would/情态动词 过去式+do
真题举例：
1.It is absolutely essential that William continue his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65)
2.It is imperative that the government attract more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(06.59)
当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时， if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在 这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话， 我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了
(3)识别事实和假设混合句： Your maths instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time. (句子前半部分为假设情况，而 “父母病了”是事实) I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.(前半部分为 假设，后半部分是事实)
(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时 间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。 如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
与将来事实相反
should do / were to do
1.Would you have been surprised if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know before hand ? (04年) [与过去事实相反]
2.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd people there.（00年）[与过去事实相 反]
(3)下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句 中动词用虚拟形式： insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity, importance, regulation, rule, resolution, understanding。如： John Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
(2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句 中动词用虚拟形式： advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested。如： The board deem it urgent that these files should be printed right away. It is essential that all these figures be checked twice.
专四语法总结及练习
虚拟语气
二 虚拟语气
1.主从句谓语动词的时态 (1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:
主 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 句 从 句 were (不分人 称)/did had done
would/情态动词 过去式+do would/情态动词 过去式+have done would/情态动词 过去式+do
真题举例：
1.It is absolutely essential that William continue his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65)
2.It is imperative that the government attract more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(06.59)