研究生英语教材paragraph
研究生英语系列教材综合教程上课后答案
U nit1Reading MoreKey to ExercisesTask1１）nonmonetary2)recognizing3)due4)adhere5)considered 6)self-affirmation7)impede8)thirst9)discharging10)rendering 11)serve12)ceremonies13)a part14)commit15)attendVocabulary in ActionTask11.A.observed(v.to see and notice something)B.observed(v.to say or write what you have noticed about a situation)C.observing(v.to do what you are supposed to do according to a law or agreement)bels(n.a piece of paper or other material that is attached to something and givesinformation about it)beled(v.to attach a label onto something or write information on something)beled(v.to use a word or phrase to describe someone or something,but often unfairly orcorrectly)3.A.engage(v.to be doing or to become involved in an activity)B.was engaged(v.to employ someone to do a particular job)C.engaged(v.having agreed to marry)D.engaging(adj.pleasant and attractive)4.A.attributed(v.to believe or say that a situation or event is caused by something)B.attributes(n.a quality or feature,especially one that is considered to be good or useful)C.attributed(v.to believe or say that someone was responsible for saying or writing something,i.e.painting a famous picture,etc.)5.A.Driving(v.to make a car,truck,bus,etc.move along in a desired path)B.drive(n.an effort to achieve something,especially an effort by an organization for aparticular purpose)C.drive(n.determination and energy to succeed)6.A.exercise(n.physical activities that you do in order to stay healthy and become stronger)B.exercises(n.a set of questions in a book that test a student's knowledge or skill)C.exercise(v.to use a power,right,or quality that you have)7.A.term(n.a fixed period of time during which someone does something or somethinghappens)B.term(n.one of the periods of time that the school or university year is divided into)C.termed(v.to give a name to or describe something with a particular expression)8.A.discharged(v.to officially allow someone to leave somewhere,especially the hospitalor the army,navy,etc.,or to tell them that they must leave)B.discharge(v.to do or pay what you have a duty to do or pay)C.discharges(n.something coming from with another type of substance)9.A.minor(adj.small and not very important or serious,especially compared with other things)B.minored/minors(v.to study a second main subject as part of university degree)C.minors(n.someone who is below the age at which they become legally responsible for theiractions)10.A.stage(n.a particular time or state that something reaches as it grows or develops)B.stage(n.the raised area in a theatre which actors or singers stand on when they perform)C.stage(v.to organize a public event)11.A.fostering(v.to take someone else's child into your family for a period of time but withoutbecoming their legal parent)B.fosters(v.to help a skill,feeling,idea,etc.develop over a period of time)C.foster(adj.related by or concerned with fostering)12.A.firm(n.a business or company,especially a small one)B.firm(adj.strongly fixed in position,and not likely to move)C.firm(adj.behaving in a way showing that they are not going to change their mind,or thatthey are the person taking control)Task21.due to you as a bonus2.in recognition of his contributions to psychology3.serves a purpose4.attended to in due course5.takes precedence over all the others6.calls for a celebration7.thirsted for a few new books8.with reference to the job opening in your department9.Mary has a great diversity of interestsmitted themselves to boosting profitsPRACTICAL TRANSLATIONParagraph One“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’!这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。
研究生英语教材课后习题解答上册
研究⽣英语教材课后习题解答上册Unit 1Text AExercises1. Reading comprehensionA. Read the text and answer the following questions.1. What, according to the author, do Americans love? Cite examples to illustrate your point.Americans love new frontiers. For example, they hanker after wide-open spaces; they like to explore; they like to make rules but refuse to follow them.2. Is there a place on earth where you can go and be yourself? What is the place according to the author?According to the author, there is a place—cyberspace, where you can go and be yourself.3. What metaphor does the author use to describe cyberspace? Why does she use such a metaphor?Real estate, because both real estate and cyberspace consist of different parts and each part is suitable for a particular group of people.4. Does the author approve of regulating cyberspace? Why or why not?Yes, but first, it is fundamental to understand the nature of cyberspace.5. What does the author think is needed in cyberspace besides government control?Self-rule.6. What are some of the main areas of cyberspace that the author defines? What other areas do you know that have recently emerged in cyberspace (e.g. e-business)?E-mail conversations, information and entertainment services, and cyberspace communities.7. How do cyberspace communities evolve? Give examples to illustrate your point.People of similar interests and tastes form a community. For example, communities on CompuServe tend to be professional; those on America Online are affluent young singles, and so on.8. What is unique about cyberspace rules? What authority do they have that rules in terrestrial environments don’t have?It allows communities of any size and kind to flourish. Cyberspace rules have moral authority that terrestrial governments don’t have.9. In what spirit are new communities formed?Communities cater to their own members’ inclination..10. What kind of government do explorers in cyberspace need?Their own local government besides terrestrial government does explorers.11. What should be done to deal with questionable items in cyberspace? Are people already doing that?We should be banning them and using labels and automatic filters to get rid of them. Yes.12. Is cyberspace a perfect place? If not, why are people so excited about it?No, it is not. People are excited about it because it offers a lot of information and freedom.B. Global understanding and appreciation of the text.1. Analogy (⽐喻，类推) is a figure of speech (修辞⼿段) which draws a parallel between two different types of things, anduses on (usually familiar to the reader) to explain reader’s understanding of the writer’s point.Can you draw a parallel between real estate and cyberspace? What point does the analogy support?The analogy between real estate and cyberspace2. By dividing cyberspace into three parts and using similes(明喻), the author defines the nature of cyberspace and illustrates further her point that government regulation is not needed in cyberspace. Complete the following form to show that you understand the author’s point. Please be reminded that the underlyingA is like B”.structure of a simile is “3. In what way do the rules of a terrestrial government and those of a cyberspace community differ? Refer to para. 11 to answer the question.4. What is the language style of the article? Is it formal and literary or informal and conversational? Cite examples from the text to support your answer.This article is written in an informal and conversational style. For example, theauthor uses some slangy words, incomplete sentences, contractions, and addresses the reader as “you”.II. VocabularyA. Find a word or phrase from the paragraph indicated in the bracket that means the same as:1. in the past —→ formerly2. include —→ embrace3. man-made —→ artificial4. control systematically —→ regulate5. exactly —→ precisely6. undesired —→ unwanted7. irrelevant —→ extraneous8. having intense feeling —→ passionate9. aim toward —→ be targeted to10. not far away —→ at hand11. be charged for —→ be sued forB. Choose the best word to complete each of the following sentences,1. this book ____a___ all the information you need.a. containsb. embracesc. offersd. involves2. The government _____c____ the number of foreign cars that could be imported.a. refrainsb. restrainsc. restrictsd. prevents3. As a teacher you should not show _____b___ towards any of your students.a. pleasureb. favorc. preferenced. inclination4. Traffic is _____d___ by police at every intersection.a. enforcedb. imposedc. limitedd. regulated5. How much do you ____b___ for this pair of shoes?a. billb. chargec. costd. afford6. We can ______b____ now and return to work in the morning.a. leave outb. leave offc. sign awayd. sign off7. That matter can be left ___b___ until our next meeting.a. onb. overc. aloned. about8. I learned that he was _____a____ sick leave from a government office.a. onb. inc. takend. spending9. It was one of the most beautiful sights that I had ever set eyes ____c_____.a. tob. inc. ond. down10. Each week he tried to set _____d____ a few dollars of his salary.a. forthb. aboutc. apartd. asideIII. ClozeChoose a proper word from the list to fill in each blank in the following passage. Change the form of the word if necessary:Born to SurfThe web From the Window contains poetry and literature from well-known writers across the global. There are thoughtful articles analyzing the state of the world we live in. There is (1)even a piece from the Secretary General of the United States, Kofi Annan. It may come (2)as some surprise to find out (3)that the editor of the magazine is a 12-year-old girl, Joy Nightingale.From the Window (4)won Joy Nightingale the first prize in the 1999 childnet Inter-national and Cable and Wireless awards. These are given (5)annually for the best use of the Internet (6)by and for young people. And (7)they highlight one ofthe most welcoming aspects of the (8)virtual world. Children have taken to the Internet as though they are born surfing.Perhaps this is (9)because adults have had to change their understanding of technology while children (10)simply accept it as natural. Whatever the reason, children can be found building websites and E-mailing friends (11)across the world while adults are (12)still asking: “Tell me again —where (13)exactly is cyberspace?”Of course there is growing (14)concern about the fact that children can travel far away from parental supervision incyberspace. In (15)response , many parents have installed soft-ware packages which prevent (16)access to violent or pornographic websites. Childnet is taking a more positive line. The website is a gateway (17)to a world of education and entertainment.The rapid growth in Internet culture has (18)led analysts to speculate that society will soon be divided (19)between the “information rich”and “information poor”. For Childnet it is especially important that children at the margins of society through poverty or disability have the chance to take their (20)palce as equal citizens in the virtual world.IV. TranslationTranslate the following into Chinese:The possibility of a real market-style evolution of governance is at hand. Incyberspace, we’ll be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed — intellectual property, content and access control, rules about privacy and free speech. Some communities will allow anyone in: others will restrict access to members who qualify on one basis or another. Those communities that prove self-sustaining will prosper (and perhaps grow and split into subsets with ever-more-particular interests and identities). Those that can’t survive-either because people lose interest or get scared off-will simply wither away.⼀种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。
研究生写作4 types of paragraphs
• 4. Specific details always help a story, but so does interpretive language. You don't just lay the words on the page; you point them in the direction of a story.
• • • • • • • • • • •
• New words and expressions: 1. cricket: 蟋蟀 2. chirrup ['tʃirəp]: 反复不断的唧唧叫声 3. muffle [ ˈmʌfl ]: 压抑; 捂住; 消音 4. hoot [ hu:t ]: 猫头鹰叫声; 汽车喇叭声 5. a barred owl: 胸部有条纹的猫头鹰 6. glow： 辉光，弱光 glow stick 萤光棒 ; 荧光棒 7. canopy: 树冠；天篷；华盖；苍穹 8. bunk: 铺位；床铺 9. rustle: vi. 发出沙沙声 10. stifle: vt. 使窒息; 扼杀
• Example:
• Gregory is my beautiful gray Persian cat. He walks with pride and grace, performing a dance of disdain as he slowly lifts and lowers each paw with the delicacy of a ballet dancer. His pride, however, does not extend to his appearance, for he spends most of his time indoors watching television and growing fat. He enjoys TV commercials, especially those for Meow Mix (咪咪乐) and 9 Lives. His familiarity with cat food commercials has led him to reject generic (一般的;仿制的）brands of cat food in favor of only the most expensive brands. Gregory is as finicky （苛求的） about visitors as he is about what he eats, befriending some and repelling others. He may snuggle（偎依） up against your ankle, begging to be petted, or he may imitate a skunk（黄鼠狼） and stain your favorite trousers. Gregory does not do this to establish his territory, as many cat experts think, but to humiliate me because he is jealous of my friends. After my guests have fled, I look at the old fleabag snoozing（打 盹） and smiling to himself in front of the television set, and I have to forgive him for his obnoxious（讨厌的；可憎的）, but endearing, habits.
熊海虹主编《高等学校研究生英语综合教程_上》课后段落翻译参考译文1-6
Unit 6 Translation for Reference:
我提到这些，仅仅为了表明纽约城是一座建构奇特 的城市，这里发生的事件包罗万象（城东1,000英 尺长的班轮也好，城西二万人的集会也罢），但种 种事件却又未被强加到每个居民身上。因此，从某 种意义上说，每个事件都有可供选择的余地，居民 们大可随心所欲地选择心仪的场景来体味，保护其 灵魂免受侵害。
Unit 5 Translation for Reference: 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到 两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一 系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同， 一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和 心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到 最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和 难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练 习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人 感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要 日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。
Unit 3 Translation for Reference:
《欢乐满人间》的作者帕梅拉· 林登· 特拉弗斯概括 得精辟之极。她写到，‚你不能把你想象的东西 砍掉一部分然后写成一本专给孩子看的书，坦白 地说，因为事实上你根本无从知道童年究竟是什 么时候结束的而成人期又是什么时候开始的。它 们互相连接、浑然一体。‛在罗琳的书中，从语 言开始，就有足够多的让大人和孩子都喜欢的东 西。也许她的文风朴实，但是她给人和物命名的 方式显示了独特的原创才能。
Unit 3 Translation for Reference:
不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的主 要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑 的主题。在美国，人们使用这个说法时总是带着几 分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的有闲人士才会表现出 来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，它可能还是会流行起 来的。时任《纽约时报》执行主编的比尔・凯勒曾 鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或 去欣赏艺术。
研究生英语写译教程基础级第三版袁锡兴杨若东写作篇Chapter1Theparagraph PPT
– There are different opinions. – There are different opinions about ... even among experts. – Different opinions arise from different sides people take.
c) The most general statement in the paragraph.
II. The Topic Sentence
– American food is tasteless and greasy because Americans use too many canned, frozen, and prepackaged foods and because everything is fried in oil or butter.
One main idea
I. Introduction
• Functions of each element:
the main idea of the paragraph:
TS
naming & controling
TW
link ss, show logic
SS SS SS 12x
develop the ts: reasons, facts, egs. statistics, quotations etc.
II. The Topic Sentence
• 3. Position of Topic Sentences
a)At the beginning of a paragraph; b)At the end of a paragraph; c)Implied. • eg: page 6-7 • Exercises: page 7 • Para. 1: C A D B • Para. 2: B G E A D C F • Para. 3: D B E A F C • Para. 4: B E F C A D G
研究生英语
1、Love,especially long-term love,has
nothing in common with the images of love or frenzied sex that we get from Hollywood ,television,and romance novels .
disillusionment n. 幻灭；醒悟 eg:His growing disillusionment with his wor解常常会导致不现实的期望、固定模式 或幻觉破灭。
4、In fact, “real” love is closer to what one author called “stirring-theOatmeal love” .
6、It means paying bill,putting out the garbage,scrubbing toilet bowls,being up all night with a sick baby,and performing myriad other oatmeal tasks that are not very sexy
frenzied: adj. 疯狂的；狂乱的；激怒的 v. 使狂乱（frenzy的过去式） eg: Did you hear his frenzied tattle? 你听见这疯狂的闲谈了吗？
爱，特别是长久的爱，和我们从好莱坞、电视、或爱 情小说中获得的对爱和狂热的激情画面的印象完全不 同。
2、Because of these images ,many people believe a variety of myths about love.
新编研究生英语教材 Unit 2课文翻译及课后习题答案
新编研究生英语教材 Unit 2课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit 2 LanguageText A Learn by TouchII. Word Study1) hearth2) repent3) tussle4) in the light of5) intercourse6) verbatim7) take the initiative8) gamut9) augmentation10) tactfulIII. Cloze1. B.2. A.3. A.4. C.5. D.6. B.7. A.8. C.9. C.10. D.11. C.12. A.13. D.14. C.15. A.16. C.17. D.18. C.19. A.20. B.IV. Translation1. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.博物馆和艺术品商店也是带给我快乐和灵感的源泉。
毫无疑问，很多人都觉得奇怪，不凭借视觉，手就能感觉到冰冷的大理石雕像的动作、情感和美；但我的确从触摸伟大的艺术作品中获得了真正的愉悦。
当我的指尖追寻那些起伏的线条时，它们自会发现艺术家所描绘的思想和情感。
我能从雕像的脸上感受到众神和英雄们的憎恨、勇气和爱，正如我能从允许我触摸的活人的脸上察觉出这些感情一样。
我从戴安娜的姿态中触摸到了森林的优雅与自由，还有那驯服山狮与慑服暴戾的气质。
维纳斯的静谧和优雅使我感受到了灵魂的喜悦；而巴雷的铜像则使我仿佛窥见了丛林的秘密。
2. Translate the following paragraphs into English.English is attached great importance in China where English training market is in full swing with so many training centers appearing. Many Chinese, old and young, have made learning English an important part of their daily life. Even preschoolers can remember hundreds of English words. However, behind this globalization is people’s deep concern for Chinese traditional culture.Fortunately, recent years have witnessed a surge of “back-to-the-ancients schools”. It’s said that “knowledge makes a gentleman’. The study of Chinese traditional culture and the reading of Chinese classics exposes students to a wide range of information and makes them well rounded. However, some people are still on the fence, and are ambivalent towards “back-to-the-ancients schools” because they consider this ancient wisdom to be out of tune with the times. In contrast, the Confucius Institute --- that promotes Chinese language and culture, supports local Chinese teaching internationally, and facilitates culture exchange --- has been popular worldwide. By the end of 2012, 400 Confucius Institutes and 535 Confucius Classrooms had been established in 108 countries and regions.课文翻译倚触而学海伦·凯勒1 我生命中最重要的日子是我的老师安妮·曼斯菲尔德·莎莉文到来的那一天。
研究生英语写译教程基础级第三版
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(4) Transitional words.
•
(5) One.
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I. Introduction
• Construction of a paragraph:
Transitional words
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One main idea
5
I. Introduction
• Three important characteristics→
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II. The Topic Sentence
• 2. Three important characteristics:
a) A complete sentence;
–The importance of communication. –Communications is important between family
• Functions of each element:
the main idea of the
paragraph: naming &
TW
controling link ss, show
logic
develop the ts: reasons, facts, egs. statistics, quotations etc.
c) Implied.
• eg: page 6-7
• Exercises: page 7
• Para. 1: C A D B
• Para. 2: B G E A D C F
• Para. 3: D B E A F C
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Ways to achieve coherence
The sentences should be arranged in a clear and logical order. Use the parallel sentence structure. Use transitional devices
What is coherence?
Coherence of a paragraph refers to the proper arrangement of sentences in a paragraph. Coherence focuses on the organization of a paragraph.
Ways to make a good topic sentence
A topic sentence should not be too detailed or too general ----I do push-ups and sit-ups each morning. ----Drugs are dangerous.
Paragraph
Han Fang 2013/09/30
What is paragraph?
main idea several related sentences Organization
Paragraph is the basic unit of organization in writing in which a group of related sentences develops one main idea.
The placement of the topic sentence
At the beginning In the middle At the end At both the beginning and the end implied
Exercise
My parents have gone out for the evening. Just as I settle down to read or watch TV, my little brother demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out what’s wrong with him. Babysitting my brother is no fun. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.
Paragraph
What is paragraph? Paragraph is the basic unit of organization in writing in which a group of related sentences develops one main idea. Three parts of a paragraph Topic sentence, supporting sentences and concluding sentence Qualities of good paragraph Unity, coherence and completeness
Climactic order
Example It was graduation day at the college, and faces beamed with pride. Teachers vigorously shook hands with their students, delighted that so many had successfully completed the program. Even prouder were relatives of the graduates. They had encouraged wives, husbands, sons, and daughters who, tired and discouraged, had threatened to leave college. But the proudest of all were the graduates. Many had returned to school after years in the world of work. They had toiled at the jobs, gone to the school at night, and cared for their families—this day made all the sacrifices worthwhile.
Ways to make a good topic sentence
A good topic sentence should lend itself to development ----I failed in French. ----I failed in French for several reasons.
Ways to make a good topic sentence
A good topic sentence should be limited ----Animals are just like people sometimes. ----My cat has personality traits that makes her seem almost human.
Ways to make a good topic sentence
A good topic sentence should not be a simple statement of a fact ----You can buy these socks at the supermarket for 2 dollars. ----We celebrate Christmas on Dec. 25.
Qualities of good paragraph
unity A paragraph should state only one single thought, and all the developing sentences should explain or illustrate this thought. coherence Coherence refers to the connectedness and consistency of the ideas in one paragraph. completeness Completeness means the topic is adequately developed by details, explanations, evidence, and the like.
Ways to achieve completeness
A number of patterns to develop and organize their ideas.
Facts and examples Narration Description Process analysis Comparison and contrast Cause and effect Classification and division Definition Problems and solutions Combination of the patterns
Ways to make a good topic sentence
A good topic sentence should include a topic and a controlling idea. ----Hong Kong has a fascinating mixture of European and Asian traditions. ----We will talk about universities in China.
Unity
The ways to achieve unity:
Give your paragraph a controlling idea, a main idea, a topic sentence. Make all the sentences in the paragraph supporting the main idea.
Parallel sentence structure
Example This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the south. With the faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.