(完整版)现在完成时态讲解及练习(可编辑修改word版)
(完整版)现在完成时态讲解
• 特殊： • am/is-was-been are-were-been, • do (does)-did-done go-went-gone • see-saw-seen • show-showed-shown (showed)
③ She has gone home． 她回家去了。
注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称 一律用have。
2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。 3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”,“刚刚”,“过”或“了”等.
2．现在完成时一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。 如： ④ Have you read this story book yet？ 你读过这本故事书吗？ ⑤ Has he eaten that apple yet？ 他吃那个苹果了吗？
动词的过去分词的规则变化
动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种： ①原形+ed 如：worked, passed ②词尾是e时，直接加d 如：liked lived ③若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed；词尾 为“元音字母+y”时， 直接加d。如: played stayed studied cried ④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. 如： stopped dropped
• put-put-put
cut-cut-cut
• let-let-let
set-set-set
• beat-beat-beat
hit-hit-hit
• hurt-hurt-hurt
spit-spit-spit
• rid-rid-rid
现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习
一.现在完成时的构成:现在完成时由助动词have（has）+动词的过去分词构成。
has用于第三人称单数,have用于其他各种人称.二. 现在完成时的用法: 其用法主要有三种I. “已完成”用法:表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。
1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。
常和just, now, already, yet, not…yet等不确定的时间状语连用。
Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。
（说明现在灯关上了）I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。
（说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果,现在仍残留着。
一般不用时间状语。
I have lost my pen .我把笔丢了。
（说明过去某时丢的, 现在我还没找到这支笔）She has become a teache她已经当了老师。
（说明她现在仍是老师）II. “未完成”用法。
表示动作或状态从过去某时开始,持续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束。
常和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如today, this week（month）, lately, recently, these days, in the past few days, during the last two weeks, since, since yesterday, since 2 days ago, since 1991, for a long time, for a month, so far, up to now, till （until ）now 等。
He has lived here for 30 years他住在这儿三十年了。
（现在还住在这儿）They've known each other si nee childhood他们从小彼此相识。
（完整版）现在完成时讲解及练习
（完整版）现在完成时讲解及练习Unit 9:现在完成时讲解一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二．句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /sin ce two months ago.五．现在完成时的标志1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:* 以already, just和yet为标志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。
现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习
一.现在完成时的构成：现在完成时由助动词have（has）+动词的过去分词构成。
has用于第三人称单数,have用于其他各种人称.二.现在完成时的用法：其用法主要有三种I•“已完成”用法：表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。
1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。
常和just, now, already, yet, not…yet 等不确定的时间状语连用。
Li Ming has just tur ned off the light.李明刚刚把灯关上。
（说明现在灯关上了）I've fin ished my homework now.现在我已经做完作业了。
（说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。
一般不用时间状语。
I have lost my pen.我把笔丢了。
（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）She has become a teache她已经当了老师。
（说明她现在仍是老师）II•“未完成”用法。
表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。
常和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如today，this week （mon th），lately，rece ntly，these days in the past few days duri ng the last two weeks, si nee, since yesterday since 2 days ago since 1991, for a long time，for a month, so far, up to now, till （until）now 等。
He has lived here for 30 years他住在这儿三十年了。
（现在还住在这儿）They've known each other si nee childhood他们从小彼此相识。
(完整word版)现在完成时态讲解及练习
此刻达成时态解说及练习一、此刻达成时的组成一定句：主语 +have/ has + done (过去分词 )+其余He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.一般疑问句： Have/ Has +主语 + done (过去分词 )+其余Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?否认句 : 主语 +have/ has+ not + done (过去分词 )+其余He has not finished his homework.过去分词的组成方法以下:1.一般状况下，直接在动词原形后边加–ed.work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加–d.Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided3.字尾是辅音 +y 的动词。
则将 y 改 i加 ed.study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末端只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加–ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表一、 AAA.（原形，过去式和过去分词一致）1.花销cost cost cost2.割cut cut cut3.损害hurt hurt hurt4.让let let let5.放put put put6.朗诵read read read7.设置set set set8.打击，碰撞hit hit hit9.关上门窗shut shut shut10.让let let let二、 ABB （过去式和过去分词一致）1)过去式、过去分词含有 -ought1.带来bring brought brought2.买buy bought bought3.打斗fight fought fought4.想think thought thought5.寻找、seek sought sought研究2)过去式、过去分词含有 -aught5.抓住catch caught caught6.教teach taught taught7.建筑build built built8.借出lend lent lent9.花销spend spent spent10.差遣send sent sent 4)过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加t 或 d11.学会learn learnt/ed learnt/ed12.意思mean meant meant13.焚烧burn burnt/ed burnted 13.做梦dream dreamt/ed dreamt/ed13.办理deal dealt dealt14.听hear heard heard 5）过去式、过去分词改为-ept15.保持keep kept kept16.睡觉sleep slept slept17.扫sweep swept swept 6）过去式、过去分词改为-elt18.感觉feel felt fel19.嗅smell smelt/ed smelt/ed20.拼写spell spelt/ed spelt/ed 7)过去式、过去分词改为 -aid20.孵蛋lay laid laid21.说say said said22.支付pay paid paid8)过去式、过去分词改为 -old23.卖sell sold sold24.告诉tell told told9)过去式、过去分词改为 -ood25站stand stood stood26.明understand understood understood白10)其余变化27.获得get got got(gotten)28.坐sit sat sat29.照料babysit babysat babysat30.走开leave left left31.失掉lose lost lost32.找到find found found33.有have(has) had had34.握住，hold held held召开35.制造make made made36.悬挂hang hung hung37.照射shine shone shone39.赢win won won40 逃跑flee fled fled41 喂feed fed fed42.指引，lead led led致使43 遇到meet met met三、 ABA（过去式与原形一致）1.变为became become become2.来come came come3.跑run ran run四、 ABC（原形、过去式、过去分词各不同样）1). 过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n 或-en 1.击败beat beat beaten2.损坏break broke broken3.驾驶drive drove driven4.吃eat ate eaten5.落下fall fell fallen6.给give gave given7.生长grow grew grown8.知道know knew known9.吹blow blew blown10.扔throw threw thrown11.展现show showed shown12.弄错mistake mistook mistaken13.拿take took taken14.摇动shake shook shaken15.说speak spoke spoken16.选择choose chose chosen2)三种形式都有变化1是be(is,am; was;beenare)were2开始begin began begun3做do did Done4喝drink drank drunk5飞fly flew flown6忘掉forget forgot forgot/forgotten 7躺lie lay lain8骑ride rode ridden9打电话ring rang rung10唱sing sang sung11穿wear wore worn12游泳swim swan swum13写write wrote written14去go went gone二、此刻达成时标记词：recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段；in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; justalready (已经 ): 用于一定句I have already posted the letter .yet(已经 ): 用于否认句 ,疑问句He hasn ’ t done his homework yet.just(刚才 )They have just left.ever(以前 )Have you ever been to Beijing ?never(从不 )I have never seen him .before(从前 )Have you seen the film before?since(自从以来)I ’ ve worked in the school since1999.for(长达 )He’ s lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的 )recently(近来 )I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到当前为止 )So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到当前为止 )this morning/month/year(今日清晨 /这个月 /今年 )三、此刻达成时的用法1)此刻达成时表示过去发生的动作 , 并对此刻有影响。
(完整版word)英语现在完成时形式讲解及答案
（完整版word）英语现在完成时形式讲解及答案一、初中英语现在完成时1．The small shop ________ for several years.A. openedB. has been openedC. has openedD. has been open【答案】 D【解析】【分析】open是非延续性动词，和表示一段时间的时间状语连用必须转化为延续性动词be open.根据句意，本句应用现在完成时态，故选D。
【点评】考查open转化为be open, be open里的open是形容词，不能加ed..2．All the skirts .They very well.A. sold out;are soldB. sell out;have soldC. have been sold out;sellD. have sold out;sell【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：所有的裙子都卖完了，他们非常畅销。
第一空sell out“卖完”，强调裙子已经被卖完的状态，本句用现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+been+过去分词，sell 的过去分词为sold；第二空sell作“销售”解释时用主动语态，在此处表一直卖得很好的状态，用一般现在时。
故选C。
【点评】本题考查一般现在时和现在完成时的被动语态，注意sell的不同语态和用法。
3．All the students _______ very hard over the last three years.A. worksB. has workedC. have workedD. worked【答案】 C【解析】【分析】Over the last three years, 用于现在完成时，又由于主语是复数，故选C。
【点评】现在完成时的时间状语要掌握。
4．—Hi, Tom! you ever the Bird's Nest?—Yes, I have. It's fantastic.A. Have, been toB. Have, gone toC. Did, go to【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：——你好，Tom！你曾经去过鸟巢吗？——是的，我去过。
（word完整版）初中英语语法-现在完成时讲解以及练习题讲义
（word完整版）初中英语语法-现在完成时讲解以及练习题讲义现在完成时1.构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
过去分词在句子中做谓语，说明句子的含义。
2.用法（1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
如：-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。
（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。
（可能还要继续教）I have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。
（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。
如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
3.现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。
如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。
但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。
already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
现在完成时讲解(附习题+答案)
现在完成时讲解（附习题+答案）定义：表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。
1.发生于过去，和现在有关。
例如：He has lost his book.他丢了他的书。
（所以他到现在一直没书）2.开始于过去，持续到现在。
例如：He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。
（现在还在教）3.从过去到现在不断反复的动作或情况，且不断重复可能继续下去，也可能到现在结束。
例如：My father has always gone to work by bike.我父亲一向骑车上班。
（从过去到现在期间一直这样）4.同一般现在时可以表示将来一样，现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。
例如：I'll wait until he has written his letter.我愿等到他把信写完。
构成：主语+ have / has + done（过去分词）+ …肯定句: 主语+ have / has + 过去分词+ …She has been to Shanghai.她去过上海.I have finished doing my homework.我已经完成我的作业了.否定句: 主语+ have / has + not +过去分词+ …I haven’t seen this film.我没有看过这部电影.She hasn’t finished doing his homework.她还没有完成她的作业.一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ …Have you seen this film ?Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t .你看过这部电影吗?是的, 看过. / 不, 没有.Has she finished doing his homework ?Yes, she has . / No, she hasn’t.她完成她的作业了吗?是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have / has + 主语+ 过去分词+ …Who has finished doing his homework ?谁完成了作业?注意：has gone to, has been to, has been in/on 的区别(1)have/ has been to 表示：曾经去过某地（已经回来了），常用于第三人称，可与once, never, several times等连用(2)have/ has gone to 表示：去了某地（还没有回来）They have been to Shanghai twice.他们去过上海两次。
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一、现在完成时的构成现在完成时态讲解及练习肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它He has not finished his homework.过去分词的构成方法如下:1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加–ed.work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted2.以不发音的-e 结尾的动词只加–d.Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided3.字尾是辅音+y 的动词。
则将y 改i 加ed.study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加–ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致）二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致）3)过去式、过去分词-t 替换原形-d6）过去式、过去分词改为-eltrecently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段；in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter .yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句He hasn’t done his homework yet.just(刚刚)They have just left.ever(曾经)Have you ever been to Beijing ?never(从不)I have never seen him .before(以前)Have you seen the film before?since(自从…以来)I’ve worked in the school since 1999.for(长达)He’s lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的…)recently(最近)I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止)So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前为止)this morning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年)三、现在完成时的用法1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。
常与a l r ea d y(已经),y e t(已经),j u s t(刚刚),eve r(曾经)等词连用.A l r ea d y，y e t的用法a l r ea d y:常用于肯定句中.y e t:常用于否定句,疑问句尾.Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)3)现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与 for, since 引导的时间短语或从句连用.since , for 的用法:since: (自…以来)1)s ince+时间点He has stayed here since 5 o’clock.2)s ince+ 时间段+ ago3)s ince+ 从句for+ 时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.She has learned English for 5 years.He has lived in Beijing since he was born .Have you stayed here since 3 o’clock?四、have/has been to; have/has gone to; have/has been inhave /has been to 曾经去过某地，人已经回来了have /has gone to 去了某地，人还没回来have /has been in 去了某地并一直待在那1. 我去过上海。
I have been to Shanghai twice.2.---Where is Jim？--He has gone to England．（尚未回来）3. I have been in Shanghai for three years．我到上海已有三年了。
1、现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法" 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。
( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-- 灯现在不亮了。
)现在完成时"完成用法" 的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语( 如：already ，yet ，before ，recently 等) 、频度时间状语( 如：never ，ever ，once 等) 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语( 如：this morning / month / year... ，today 等) 连用。
例如：Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2、现在完成时的" 未完成用法"现在完成时的" 未完成用法" 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
例如：1.He has lived here since 1978/he moved here. 自从1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。
( 动作起始于1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。
)2.I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
( 动作开始于5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。
)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语( 由since 或for 引导) ，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语( 如：up to now ，so far 到目前为止) 等。
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
1.他的爷爷已经去世2 年了。
His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.2.N ick 参军3 年了. Nick has been in the army for 3 years3.他离开深圳好长时间了。
He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.4.这本书我已借了4 个月了I have had/kept the book for 4 months.五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是" 助动词have /has + 过去分词" 。
如：The film started at 7 o'clock. He has been a teacher for many years.(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never 等副词和these days, this week, since..., for.../since...ago/ up to now/so far 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
(3 ) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。
说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对" 现在" 产生的影响。
如：He visited Guilin in 1998. 他1998 年参观过桂林。
( 只说明去桂林的时间)(4)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。
不与确定的过去时间状语连用。
如：Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。
( 着重点是现在有了一台新电脑) 看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？(A) Have you seen the film? (B)Did you see the film?[说明] 你看过这部电影吗？(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
(A) He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. (B) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.[说明] 他在北京住了8 年。
(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。
(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8 年，现在不在北京了。
一、抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。
1. be -2. come -3. go -4. do -5.have -6.drink -7.give -8.eat -9.know -10.run -11.say -12.see -13.find -14.draw -15.get -16.hear -17.begin -18.buy -19.leave -20 become - 练习21break -22bring -23build -24bite -25catch -26choose -27cut -28fall -29fly -30forget -31grow -32hit -33hurt -34keep -35lend -36lose -37meet -38put -39read -40ring -二、用for 或since 填空1.Mr. Brown has had his TV 15 years.2.I’ve taken driving lessons last month.3.My sister has had her cell phone a month .4.My friends haven’t visited me my birthday.5.We haven’t used our car a long time .6.She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee years.7.Tom has worn glasses he was 7 years old.8.Jill has been in Ireland Monday.9.Mr. Jason has been in Paris three days.10.My aunt has lived in Australia 15days.11.Margaret is in her office. She has been there 7 o’clock.12.India has been an independent country 1974.13.Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.14.Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.三、改写句子，使原句的意思不变，每空一词。