英文翻译译文

英文翻译译文
英文翻译译文

Macroeconomics 1、

2、

3、

4、Abby consumes only apples. In year 1, red apples cost 1 dollar each, green apples cost 2 dollar each, and Abby buys 10 red apples. In year 2, red apples cost 2 dollar, green apples cost 1 dollar, and Abby buys 10 green apples.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/1a3299985.html,pute a consumer price index for apples for each year. Assume that year 1is the base year

in which the consumer basket is fixed. How does your index change from year 1 to year 2? https://www.360docs.net/doc/1a3299985.html,pute Abby’s nominal spending on apples in each year. How doe s it change from year 1 to

year 2?

https://www.360docs.net/doc/1a3299985.html,ing year 1 as the base year, compute Abby’s real spending on apples in each year. How

does it change from year 1 to year 2?

d.Defining the implicit price deflator as nominal spending divided by real spending, compute

the deflator for each year. How does the deflator change from year 1 to year 2?

Suppose that Abby is equally happy eating red or green apples. How much has the true cost of living increased for Abby? Compare this answer to your answers to parts (a) and (d). What does this example tell you about Laspeyres and Paasche price indexes?

a.

According to the CPI(消費物價指數), prices have doubled.

b. N-spending is the total value of output produced in each year. In Y1 and Y2, Abby buys 10 apples for $1 each, so her N-spending remains constant at $10.

c. R-spending is the total value of output produced in each year valued at the prices prevailing in Y1.In

Y1,the base year,her R-spending equals her N-spending of $10. In year 2, she consumes 10 green apples that are each valued at their Y1 price of $2, so her real spending is $20.

Hence, Abby’s real spending rises from $10 to $20.

d.

Thus, the implicit price deflator suggests that prices have fallen by half.

e. If Abby thinks of red apples and green apples as perfect substitutes, then the cost of living in this economy has not changed.

According to the CPI, however, the cost of living has doubled. In contrast to the CPI, the implicit price deflator estimates the cost of living has halved.

Thus, the CPI, a Laspeyres index, overstates the increase in the cost of living and the deflator, a Paasche index, understates it.

This chapter of the text discusses the difference between Laspeyres and Paasche indices in more detail.

5、

α=. 6、Suppose that an economy’s production function is Cobb-Douglas with parameter 0.3

a. What fractions of income do capital and labor receive?

b. Suppose that immigration increases the labor force by 10 percent. What happen to total output?

The rental price of capital? The real wage?

c. Suppose that a gift of capita form abroad raises the capital stock by 10 percent. What happens

to total output(in percent). The rental price of capital? The real wage?

d. Suppose that a technological advance raises the value of the parameter A by 10 percent. What

happens to total output? The rental price of capital? The real wage?

7、Suppose that the money demand function takes the form

(/)(,)/(5)d M P L i Y Y i ==

a. If output grows at rate g, at what rate will the demand for real balances grow(assuming

constant nominal interest rates)?

b. What is the velocity of money in this economy?

c. If inflation and nominal interest rates are constant, at what rate, if any, will velocity grow?

化学专业英语(修订版)翻译

01 THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 01 元素和元素周期表 The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z. 质子的数量在一个原子的核被称为原子序数,或质子数、周淑金、电子的数量在一个电中性原子也等于原子序数松山机场的总质量的原子做出很近的总数的质子和中子在它的核心。这个总数被称为大量胡逸舟、中子的数量在一个原子,中子数,给出了a - z的数量。 The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. T o the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of the English name consisting of one or two letters, for example: 这个术语是指元素,一个纯物质与原子组成一个单一的善良。在药房“客气”原子的原子数来确定它,因为它的性质是决定其化学行为。目前所有原子和Z = 1 a到Z = 107是知道的;有107种化学元素。每一种化学元素起了一个名字和独特的象征。对于大多数元素都仅仅是一个象征的英文名称缩写形式,一个或两个字母组成,例如: oxygen==O nitrogen == N neon==Ne magnesium == Mg

英文知名品牌与广告语翻译

DELL戴尔IBM HP惠普TCL LENOVO联想ASUS华硕BENQ明基LG (不用翻译) UNIS (清华紫光) sony(索尼)海尔HAIER 可口可乐(Coca-cola)、索尼(Sony)、金利来(Goldlion)、奔驰(Benz)、耐克(Nike)“翻得好(Findhow)”Vitasoy ( 维他奶 ) Johnson 婴儿护肤用品由原译名“庄臣”到现在译名“强生”;Reebok 运动鞋由“雷宝”更名为“锐步”;Hewelette Packare 电脑公司由冗长的“休利特一一帕卡德公司”简化为如今的惠普公司Head & Shoulders 译为“海飞丝”。 Panten 译为“潘婷”。 Safeguard 译为“舒肤佳”。 Olay 译为“玉兰油”。优雅动听、惟妙惟肖、回味无穷。日本Suntory 公司品牌的中文译名为三得利,不但发音贴切,且蕴涵中华人文精神。Kiss Me ( 化装品品牌 ) 奇士美。日本丰田公司的 LEXUS 汽车,其中文译名“凌志”取自“久有凌云志,重上井冈山”壮丽诗句。 锐步-Reebok彪马-Puma吉旺希-givenchy慕诗-MOISELLE欧时力-OCHIRLY阿勒锦-A.LerGin阿桑娜-azona瓦伦蒂诺-ntino卡西欧CASIO背靠背-Kappa欧莱雅-L"Oreal兰蔻-Lancome香奈儿-Chanel资生堂-Shiseido高丝-KOSE倩碧-Clinique玉兰油-OLAY兰芝-LANEIGE水之奥-H2O。za姬芮。娇兰-guerlain。POND'S 旁氏,迪奥-Dior, head-shoulders 海飞丝 head-shoulders舒蕾 slek曼秀雷敦 mentholatum宝洁pg爱家家居aika 飘柔纳爱斯屈臣氏 watsons联合利华 unilever高露洁 colgate欧尚 auchan丝宝集团 .c-bons.家乐福 carrefour沙宣佳洁士同仁堂安利 amway沃尔玛wal-mart特百惠 tupperware易初莲花 lotus* 吉列 Gilleffe 博朗 braun 护舒宝佳洁士 crest 欧乐-B oral--b帮宝适 pampers 汰渍 tide 兰诺lenor 金霸王 duraceli OLAY SK-II 伊奈美 illume 潘婷 pantene 飘柔海飞丝沙宣 vs 伊卡璐威娜 wella “福士伟根”“Volkswagen”, Bayerische MotorenWerke(拜耶里奇飞机引擎生产厂),简称为BMW,“宝马”名牌手机"诺基亚",芬兰文原名"Nokia",。 世界著名的十大化妆品有那些.主流产品是什么? Guerlain (娇兰)二:Lancome (兰蔻)三:Clarins(娇韵诗)四:Elizabetharden (伊丽莎白雅顿)五:Erno Laszlo (奥伦纳素)六:Estee Lauder (雅诗兰黛)七:Clinique (倩碧)八:Shiseido (资生堂)九:Christan Dior(迪奥)十:Chanel (香奈儿) Nike 耐克 H&M 瑞典 Levis 李维斯 GAP 盖普 Gucci 古琦 Prada 普拉达Hermes 爱玛仕 Versace 范思哲 Calvin Klein 卡尔文克莱恩 Dunhill 登喜路Lacoste 鳄鱼 MUJT 无印良品 Valentino 瓦伦蒂诺 Yves Saint Laurent伊夫·圣·洛朗 Dunhill 登喜路 112 美国,Lacoste 鳄鱼 72 法国,MUJT 无印良品 116 日本,Puma 彪马 56 德国,Lee 李 116 美国, Reebok 锐步 110 美国 Puma 彪马 Lee 李 Reebok 锐步 Giordano 佐丹奴 Mizuno 美津浓 Giorgio Armani 乔治·阿玛尼雪碧(饮料)Sprite小妖精,调皮鬼乐百氏(饮料)Robust健壮的金利来(领带)Goldlion金狮子司麦脱(衬衫)Smart潇洒的舒肤佳(香皂)Safeguard保护者纳爱斯(香皂)Nice美好的英克莱(自行车)Incline喜爱四通(打字机)Stone石头汰渍(洗衣粉)Tide潮流雷达(电蚊香)Raid袭击,搜捕飘柔(洗发水)Rejoice欣喜立士洁(卫生纸)Luxury奢侈品富绅(衬衫)Virtue美德神浪(服装)Sunland太阳地苏泊尔(压力锅)Super特级品天能(领带)Talent

应用化学专业英语翻译完整篇

1 Unit5元素周期表 As our picture of the atom becomes more detailed 随着我们对原子的描述越来越详尽,我们发现我们陷入了进退两难之境。有超过100多中元素要处理,我们怎么能记的住所有的信息?有一种方法就是使用元素周期表。这个周期表包含元素的所有信息。它记录了元素中所含的质子数和电子数,它能让我们算出大多数元素的同位素的中子数。它甚至有各个元素原子的电子怎么排列。最神奇的是,周期表是在人们不知道原子中存在质子、中子和电子的情况下发明的。Not long after Dalton presented his model for atom( )在道尔顿提出他的原子模型(原子是是一个不可分割的粒子,其质量决定了它的身份)不久,化学家门开始根据原子的质量将原子列表。在制定像这些元素表时候,他们观察到在元素中的格局分布。例如,人们可以清楚的看到在具体间隔的元素有着相似的性质。在当时知道的大约60种元素中,第二个和第九个表现出相似的性质,第三个和第十个,第四个和第十一个等都具有相似的性质。 In 1869,Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev,a Russian chemist, 在1869年,Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev ,一个俄罗斯的化学家,发表了他的元素周期表。Mendeleev通过考虑原子重量和元素的某些特性的周期性准备了他的周期表。这些元素的排列顺序先是按原子质量的增加,,一些情况中, Mendeleev把稍微重写的元素放在轻的那个前面.他这样做只是为了同一列中的元素能具有相似的性质.例如,他把碲(原子质量为128)防在碘(原子质量为127)前面因为碲性质上和硫磺和硒相似, 而碘和氯和溴相似. Mendeleev left a number of gaps in his table.Instead of Mendeleev在他的周期表中留下了一些空白。他非但没有将那些空白看成是缺憾,反而大胆的预测还存在着仍未被发现的元素。更进一步,他甚至预测出那些一些缺失元素的性质出来。在接下来的几年里,随着新元素的发现,里面的许多空格都被填满。这些性质也和Mendeleev所预测的极为接近。这巨大创新的预计值导致了Mendeleev的周期表为人们所接受。 It is known that properties of an element depend mainly on the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of the atoms of the element. 我们现在所知道的元素的性质主要取决于元素原子最外层能量能级的电子数。钠原子最外层能量能级(第三层)有一个电子,锂原子最外层能量能级(第二层)有一个电子。钠和锂的化学性质相似。氦原子和氖原子外层能级上是满的,这两种都是惰性气体,也就是他们不容易进行化学反应。很明显,有着相同电子结构(电子分布)的元素的不仅有着相似的化学性质,而且某些结构也表现比其他元素稳定(不那么活泼) In Mendeleev’s table,the elements were arranged by atomic weights for 在Mendeleev的表中,元素大部分是按照原子数来排列的,这个排列揭示了化学性质的周期性。因为电子数决定元素的化学性质,电子数也应该(现在也确实)决定周期表的顺序。在现代的周期表中,元素是根据原子质量来排列的。记住,这个数字表示了在元素的中性原子中的质子数和电子数。现在的周期表是按照原子数的递增排列,Mendeleev的周期表是按照原子质量的递增排列,彼此平行是由于原子量的增加。只有在一些情况下(Mendeleev注释的那样)重量和顺序不符合。因为原子质量是质子和中子质量的加和,故原子量并不完全随原子序数的增加而增加。原子序数低的原子的中子数有可能比原子序数高的原

英文简历中的获奖荣誉

一、国家及校级奖项、称号 国家奖学金National Scholarship 国家励志奖学金National Encouragement scholarship 三好学生标兵Pacemaker to Merit Student 三好学生Merit Student 学习优秀生Model Student of Academic Records 突出才能奖Model Student of Outstanding Capacity 先进个人Advanced Individual/Outstanding Student 优秀工作者Excellent staff 优秀学生干部Excellent Student Cadre 优秀共青团员Excellent League Member 优秀毕业生Outstanding Graduates 优秀志愿者Outstanding Volunteer 先进班集体Advanced Class 优秀团干Outstanding League Cadres 学生协会优秀干部Outstanding leaders of Student Association 学生协会工作优秀个人Outstanding Individual of Student Association 精神文明先进个人Spiritual Advanced Individual 社会工作先进个人Advanced Individual of Social Work 文体活动先进个人Advanced Individual of Cultural and sports activities 道德风尚奖Ethic Award 精神文明奖High Morality Prize 最佳组织奖Prize for The Best Organization 突出贡献奖Prize for The Outstanding Contribution 工作创新奖Prize for The Creative Working 团队建设奖Prize for The Team Contribution 大学英语四级CET4 (College English Test Band 4 Certificate) 大学英语六级CET6 (College English Test Band 6 Certificate) 全国计算机一级证书First-level Certificate for National Computer 全国计算机二级证书Second-level Certificate for National Computer 全国计算机三级证书Third-level Certificate for National Computer 全国计算机四级证书Fourth-level Certificate for National Computer 学生会Student Union 团委会Youth League Committee 学生社团Students’ Association 体育部Sports Department 文艺部Arts Department 学习部Learning Department

化学专业英语翻译1

01.THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 01元素和元素周期 表。 The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z. 原子核中的质子数的原子称为原子序数,或质子数,卓电子数的电中性的原子也等于原子序数Z,总质量的原子是非常接近的总数量的质子和中子在原子核。这被称为质量数,这个数的原子中的中子,中子数,给出了所有的数量 The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. To the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of

服装品牌名英汉互译探讨

服装品牌名英汉互译探讨 摘要:国外服装品牌名翻译方法与普通英语词汇的翻译一样,也都有音译、意译等。品牌名称的翻译是必须做好的一项工作,好的品牌名称对于提高商品的市场占有率起着十分重要的作用。本文重点探讨服装品牌名称的翻译,旨在找出其翻译的一般及特殊方法,为品牌更好地走入市场提供一定参照。 关键词:服装品牌;音译;意译 一、引言 随着人们生活水平的提高,人们越来越多地关注各种服装品牌,国内外众多品牌纷纷抢占市场。越来越多的企业已逐步意识到商标名称是企业的巨大资产。因为这种竞争不但是商品的竞争、服务的竞争,更是企业形象的竞争、品牌的竞争。在加入WTO之后,中国的服装制造商越来越注意与世界接轨,很多服装品牌在注册中文商标的同时,也有了特定的英文翻译,有的直接采用汉语品牌名的拼音作为英文品牌名,有的则根据读音翻译成英文中有特定意思的词,而且是有特定含义的词。 二、服装品牌的翻译方法 1、音译 1.1外国服装品牌名译成中文名。

外国品牌名译成中文名时,多数都采取音译法,取其相近的音译成汉语。如:LouisVuitton——路易·威登;Bvlgari——宝格丽:Cartier——卡蒂亚;Fendi——芬迪;DonnaKaran——唐纳·卡兰;Hermes——爱马仕;Moschino——莫斯奇 诺;NinaRicci——莲娜·丽姿,Versace——“范思 哲”;Yvesssainlaurent——“伊夫,圣洛朗”;红贝——“herebe”:顺美——“smart”。这些名称翻译的主要技巧是注意翻译的本地化。既要译得上口吉利:又要注意节奏,还要符合当地人的文化欣赏。 很多外国服装品牌都是用创始人或设计师的名字作为商标,也采取音译法,就如同翻译英文名字一样。如:品牌名称:ChristianDior(克里斯汀,迪奥)——创始人、设计师(1946年—1957年):ChristianDior(克里斯汀·迪奥):品牌名称:Chanel(夏奈尔)——创始人、计师(1913年-1971年)均为GabrielleChanel(加布里埃·夏奈尔);品牌名称:Versaee(范思哲)——设计师:贾尼·范思哲。 1.2中国服装品牌名的英译 汉语品牌名用拼音。使用汉语拼音的好处主要是能直接宣传这个品牌名,但是从另一方面来说,这些品牌大多数是以开拓国内市场为主。如:威鹏——Weipeng;李——宁Lining;波司登——Bosideng:利郎——Lilang:报喜鸟——Baoxiniao:

应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译

Unit 1 The RootsofChemistry I.Comprehension. 1。C 2. B3.D 4. C 5. B II。Make asentence out of each item by rearranging the wordsin brackets. 1.Thepurification of anorganic compoundis usually a matter of considerabledifficulty, and itis necessary to employ various methods for thispurpose。 2.Science is an ever-increasing body ofaccumulated and systematized knowledge and isalsoan activity bywhic hknowledge isgenerated。 3.Life,after all, is only chemistry,in fact, a small example of c hemistry observed onasingle mundane planet。 4.Peopleare made of molecules; someof themolecules in p eople are rather simple whereas othersarehighly complex。 5.Chemistry isever presentin ourlives from birth todeathbecause without chemistrythere isneither life nor death. 6.Mathematics appears to be almost as humankindand al so permeatesall aspects of human life, although manyof us are notfully awareofthis. III。Translation. 1.(a)chemicalprocess (b) natural science(c)the techni que of distillation 2.Itis theatoms that makeupiron, water,oxygen and the like/andso on/andsoforth/and otherwise. 3.Chemistry hasa very long history, infact,human a ctivity in chemistrygoes back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times. 4.According to/Fromthe evaporation ofwater,people know /realized that liquidscan turn/be/changeinto gases undercertain conditions/circumstance/environment。 5.Youmustknow the propertiesofthe materialbefore y ou use it. IV.Translation 化学是三种基础自然科学之一,另外两种是物理和生物.自从宇宙大爆炸以来,化学过程持续进行,甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢.这三步

各类荣誉英文翻译

第一名The First Prize 第二名The Second Prize 第三名The Third Prize 三好学生标兵Pacemaker to Merit Student 三好学生Merit Student 学习优秀生Model Student of Academic Records 突出才能奖Model Student of Outstanding Capacity 先进个人Advanced Individual/Outstanding Student 优秀工作者Excellent staff 优秀学生干部Excellent Student Cadre 优秀共青团员Excellent League Member 优秀毕业生Outstanding Graduates 优秀志愿者Outstanding Volunteer 先进班集体Advanced Class 优秀团干Outstanding League Cadres 学生协会优秀干部Outstanding cadres of Student Association 学生协会工作优秀个人Outstanding Individual of Student Association 精神文明先进个人Spiritual Advanced Individual 社会工作先进个人Advanced Individual of Social Work 文体活动先进个人Advanced Individual of Cultural and sports activities 道德风尚奖Ethic Award 精神文明奖 最佳组织奖 突出贡献奖 工作创新奖High Morality Prize Prize for The Best Organization Prize for The Outstanding Contribution Prize for The Creative Working 团队建设奖Prize for The Team Contribution 体育道德风尚奖PE Morality Award 优秀指导教师奖Excellent Guide Teacher Award 突出贡献奖Outstanding Contribution Award 工作创新奖Innovation Award 团队建设奖Teamwork Award 最佳台风奖Best Stage Style Award 最佳人气奖Best Popularity Award 优秀组织奖Outstanding Organization Award 最佳创意奖Best Creativity Award 优秀团体奖Excellent Group Award 优秀节目奖Best Program Award 十佳新秀奖Top Ten Outstanding Rising Stars Award 最具潜质奖Most Potentiality Award 最佳才艺奖Outstanding Talent Award 最佳气质奖Outstanding Quality Award 最佳口才奖Best Eloquence Award 最佳演员奖Best Actor Award

《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译 完整版

Unit 1 Chemical Industry 化学工业 1.Origins of the Chemical Industry Although the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin‘s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939). 1.化学工业的起源 尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代,我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代(才开始的)。可以认为它起源于工业革命其间,大约在1800年,并发展成为为其它工业部门提供化学原料的产业。比如制肥皂所用的碱,棉布生产所用的漂白粉,玻璃制造业所用的硅及Na2CO3. 我们会注意到所有这些都是无机物。有机化学工业的开始是在十九世纪六十年代以William Henry Perkin 发现第一种合成染料—苯胺紫并加以开发利用为标志的。20世纪初,德国花费大量资金用于实用化学方面的重点研究,到1914年,德国的化学工业在世界化学产品市场上占有75%的份额。这要归因于新染料的发现以及硫酸的接触法生产和氨的哈伯生产工艺的发展。而后者需要较大的技术突破使得化学反应第一次可以在非常高的压力条件下进行。这方面所取得的成绩对德国很有帮助。特别是由于1914年第一次世界大仗的爆发,对以氮为基础的化合物的需求飞速增长。这种深刻的改变一直持续到战后(1918-1939)。 date bake to/from: 回溯到 dated: 过时的,陈旧的 stand sb. in good stead: 对。。。很有帮助

英文商标名称翻译与策略

英文商标名称地翻译与策略 1.前言 商标是商品地标志,是商品经济发展地产物,是商品生产者或经营者为使自己生产销售地商品区别于其他商品而使用地一种显著标志.它是商品显著特征地浓缩,是商品文化地核心部分.在国际市场上,商标常被企业家和消费者视为简化了地企业名称.商标一出现就成为企业地象征,是生产者和消费者直接对话地桥梁,是企业参与国际竞争地有力武器.中国地对外开放正在进一步深化,随之而来地国外企业在华地经济活动也在增加.这极大地丰富着中国人民地经济生活,并因此而衍生出了诸多对于国人而言全新地经济及商业活动.大量地国产商品正在出口到世界各地,而国外地商品也已蜂拥至国内市场.合法地商品都有一个自己地商标.因此,随着中外产品地交流,商品商标地翻译问题不可避免地出现了. 2.英文商标翻译地策略 2.1.音译 商标翻译过程中,音译是一种不可忽视地手段,具有极强地普遍性.音译是指在不背离“汉语语言规范和不引起错误联想或误解地条件下,按照原商标名称地发音,找到与之语音相近地汉语字词进行翻译.其优点是简单易行,译文有异国情调,可使产品具有一定吸引力.音译又分为:纯音译﹑谐音译和省音译. 2.1.1. 纯音译 纯音译即根据英文地读音逐字地用相近发音地汉字进行匹配地翻译.主要适用于专有名词,如:人名商标和地名商标.这种翻译法是商标在译为中文

时,因无法找到相应地汉语表达而不得不采用地翻译方法. 2.1.1.1人名商标 有些商标是姓氏构成地,如:Hoover(胡佛)真空吸尘器,是源于生产商William Henry Hoover地姓氏;Rael-Brook(雷尔-布鲁克)男装,是源于公司创始人H.Rael-Brook地姓氏.有些商标是人地全名,如:Walt Disney(沃尔特·迪斯尼)制片公司,是根据公司创始人Walt Disney地姓名而定;Pierre Cardin(皮尔·卡丹)时装,是根据该时装地制造者Pierre Cardin地姓名而定;“benz”品牌最早含义是卡尔本茨地姓,根据译音,在中国翻译成“奔驰”. 2.1.1.2地名商标 Santana(桑塔纳)轿车,San Tana原是美国加利福尼亚洲一座山谷地名称;Nokia(诺基亚)手机是根据芬兰北部一座名为Nokia地小镇命名地. 2.1.2谐音译 这种译法是以音为引子,经常是在纯音译地基础上改动个别字眼,这些字眼与原商标读音谐音,改动后地音译商标又结合产品特征.例如:为纪念航空公司创始人Willian Edward Boeing 人们以其姓氏确定地商标Boeing,译作“博音”,但作为商标,译者改用谐音“波音”,这就可以使人们对这类超音速飞机产生无尽地遐想. 2.1.3省音译 省音译是根据中国人地审美习惯,双音节和三音节地商标更能令人过目不忘,有些英文商标单词较长音节较多,如果逐字翻译,读起来拗口且不便记忆,可采用省音译来简化. 2.2意译

应用化学专业英语及答案

黄冈师范学院 2009—2010学年度第一学期期末试卷考试课程:专业英语考核类型:考试A卷 考试形式:闭卷出卷教师:杨一思 考试专业:化学考试班级:应用化学200601 一、Translate the following into English(20 points) 1.过滤 2.浓缩 3.结晶化 4.吸附 5. 蒸馏6.超临界的 7.二氯甲烷 8.热力学平衡 9.亲电性 10.表面张力 11.共轭的 12.酮 13.平衡常数 14.丙基 15.丁基 16.亚甲基 18.环己酮 19.同位素 20.标准熵 二、Translate the following into Chinese(20 points) 1. methyl propanoate 2. rate constant 3. ethyl methyl ketone 4. free energy 5. radical intermediate 6. isobutyl methyl ether 7. 3-chloropropene 8. primary radical 9. n-propyl bromide 10. bond energy 11. circulating electrons 12. local magnetic fields 13. tetramethylsilane 14. mass to charge ratios 15 phenylamine 16 amide 17. amine 18. nucleophile 19. perchlorate 20. carbocation 三、Translation the following into chinese (40 points) A卷【第1页共 3 页】

化工专业英语lesson4翻译汇编

仅供参考 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 1. Sources of Organic Compounds The major sources of organic chemicals are coal, petroleum, and agricultural products. Both coal and petroleum were formed through the geologic processes of changing animal and plant remains into carbon-containing residues. About one-third of all organic chemicals are derived from coal and about one-half from the petroleum industry 有机化合物的来源 有机化学药品的主要来源是煤、石油和农产品。动植物的遗体通过地质作用变成含碳残基然后形成煤和石油。三分之一的所有有机化合物品是从煤中得到的,一般来自于石油工业。 2. The Methods and Objectives of Organic Chemistry Because of the tremendous number of organic compounds known, and of the many more being synthesized daily, the study of organic chemistry is not the study of individual compounds, it is the study of groups or families of compounds all closely related to each other. Obviously, the former approach would be prohibitive[prE5hibitiv]. Once the structural relationships of certain typical members of a particular group or family of compounds are understood, these structural features are understood for any one of the many members of the family, even though some may not be known compounds. 因为已知的有机化合物的数目庞大,而且还在逐日合成更多的品种,所以有机化学不是研究单个的化合物,而是把彼此密切相关的化合物按类或族来研究。显然,以前的方法是不可取的,一旦典型的一类特殊化合物被认识,这些结构特征将适用于这类化合物,甚至是一些未知的化合物, For each group or family of compounds often called homologous series of compounds, structural features are important. In studying organic chemistry, it is not enough to know the identities of the elements and how many atoms of each element are present in a given molecule. More importantly, the order in which these atoms are linked together to form

品牌翻译的信达雅

品牌翻译的信达雅 中国已日渐成为成熟的商业社会,我们每天都要接触各色中外品牌。由于经济全球化,许多国外品牌有了中文名字,而中国品牌也纷纷挂上了洋气的英文名字。如何翻译品牌?品牌的翻译应该遵循哪些原则?本文将尝试浅析这个问题。 本文讨论的品牌翻译是指品牌所有者在品牌本土化过程中首创性地译制品牌名的活动,而不是一般的翻译问题。翻译品牌的方法不外乎音译、意译、音意复合翻译和自由翻译。以下各举一例,音译,Coca Cola翻译为“可口可乐”;意译,中国彩电品牌“熊猫”译作Panda;复合翻译,Unilever译为“联合利华”,Uni 是常见的英文词根,意为联合,Lever是杠杆,“联合利华”采取了音意复合译法;自由翻译,Hewlett-Packard,英文姓氏构成的品牌名被翻成了“惠普”。此外,还有不译,国外品牌IBM、3M等无中文品牌,而许多中国品牌的英文名就是其汉语拼音。可以看出品牌翻译的方法具有随意性,那背后的指导原则又是什么呢? 品牌翻译与其它体裁的最大不同就是品牌翻译不是纯粹的翻译活动,它比一般的翻译活动具有更大的创造性和灵活性。品牌的作用十分丰富,如提高辨识度、宣传产品等,最终的落脚点是提高产品销量和市场占有率。所以品牌翻译也应该以此为最终目标,这点区别于传统翻译的翻译目的。翻译目的决定翻译策略,而策略又具体体现在翻译方法上。品牌翻译的特殊性决定了其采取的翻译策略有别于其它翻译类型。 品牌翻译是一种特殊的翻译类型,有着与其它体裁相同的共性,也有着独特的个性,因此用一般的翻译评价标准来评价品牌翻译,有其适用性,也有局限性。翻译评价标准中,中国人最熟悉的当属严复在《天演论·译通言》中提出的“信、达、雅”的标准,信者,忠实于原文也,达者,自然通顺也,雅者,文采之谓也。严复之后的许多学者也提出许多新见解,如林语堂的“忠实、通顺、美”,梁实秋的“宁错务顺”和鲁迅的“宁信不顺”,傅雷的“神似”,钱钟书的“化境”等等。纵观这些翻译主张,其实都是对“信、达、雅”的不同演绎。笔者认为品牌翻译可以用“信达雅”为准绳,但具体评价标准要有别于其它翻译体裁。 先从“信”字说起。奢侈品品牌Hermès其实是古希腊商业之神“赫尔墨斯”的名字,但该品牌显然没有沿用此译名,美国快餐品牌Subway为地铁之意,该品牌也显然没有使用地铁二字。这样的例子,不胜枚举,反映出达意并不是品牌翻译的必要标准。但是“信”字在品牌翻译上却常体现为声音上的接近,但品牌翻译中不完全采用单纯的音译,更多的是在音译基础上附加一些信息。这种方法在翻译专有名词时较常用,因为汉语是语素文字,每个字都有意思,所以译者喜欢在音译时附着一些其它信息,比如美国Yosemite公园就译为“优胜美地”。国际饮料品牌Coca Cola并没有翻成“扣卡扣拉”,而是“可口可乐”,体现出其企业文化和形象。所以综合而言,品牌翻译对“信”的要求并不高。 那么“达”呢?品牌一般都是简短的单词(字)或单词(字)组合,并不是成篇的文字,所以通顺便无从谈起。但“达”字可以理解为符合译语语言偏好和习惯。

相关文档
最新文档