武大博士英语教学大纲
大学英语教学大纲
武汉大学大学英语教学大纲一、教学对象和目标本大纲的教学对象是武汉大学非英语专业一年级的本科生。
入学时，他们应达到《高中英语课程标准》七级以上要求。
大学英语的教学目标是培养学生的英语综合应用能力，听、说、读、写、译全面发展，使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流，同时增强其自主学习能力、提高综合文化素养，以适应我国社会发展和国际交流的需要。
二、教学要求武汉大学非英语专业本科生经过一年（两个学期）英语学习后，英语能力应达到的要求如下：1．听力理解能力：能基本听懂英语国家人士的谈话和讲座，能听懂题材熟悉、篇幅较长的国内英语广播或电视节目，语速为每分钟140－150词左右，能掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和相关细节。
为能听懂外国专家英语讲授的专业课程奠定基础。
2．口语表达能力：能够和英语国家的人士进行比较流利的会话，掌握一定的会话策略，能基本表达个人意见、感情、观点等，能基本陈述事实、事件、理由等，表达思想清楚，语音、语调基本正确。
3．阅读理解能力：能基本读懂英语国家大众性报刊杂志的一般性题材的文章，阅读速度为每分钟70词。
在快速阅读篇幅较长的材料时，阅读速度达到每分钟120词。
能就阅读材料进行略读或寻读。
能阅读所学专业的综述性文献，并能正确理解中心大意，抓住主要事实和有关细节。
4．书面表达能力：能就一般性的主题基本表达个人观点，能写所学专业论文的英文摘要。
能描述各种图表，能在半小时内写出160词的短文，内容完整，条理清楚，文字通顺。
5．翻译能力：能借助词典翻译一般英语国家报刊上题材熟悉的文章，能摘译所学专业的英语科普文章。
英汉译速为每小时350英语单词，汉英译速为每小时300个汉字。
译文基本通顺、达意，无重大理解和语言错误。
6．推荐词汇量：领会式掌握的词汇量应达到5500个单词和1200个词组（包括中学应该掌握的词汇），其中2200个单词为积极词汇。
三、课程设置大学英语为综合英语类必修课程，分为上下两个学期，总学时121学时。
武汉大学2014级博士研究生公共英语课分级教学
武汉大学关于博士研究生公共英语课实行分级教学的通知各研究生培养单位：为保证我校博士研究生英语教学质量，提高博士研究生的英语水平，经研究，决定从2009级博士研究生开始实行博士研究生公共英语分级教学，现将有关事项通知如下：一．英语水平较好的博士研究生符合以下条件之一，可申请免修免考公共英语课，记2学分。
1．在以英语为母语的国家获得学士学位或硕士学位；2．近五年内以英语为工作语言，且在国外一流学术刊物上公开发表学术论文2篇以上；3．参加博士研究生统一入学考试，且英语成绩达到75分及以上；4．通过国家英语专业八级考试，成绩合格；5．入学之前三年内通过国家大学英语6级考试，成绩在550分以上（旧题型为优秀），或全国公共英语等级考试第五级（PETS5）笔试成绩超过60分，或雅思成绩超过6分，或GRE成绩超过2000分（新题型超过1300分），或TOFEL成绩超过550分（新题型超过80分）。
符合上述条件之一者，由研究生本人提出申请，经导师和学院同意后，报研究生院培养处审批。
二．英语基础好的博士研究生相对集中上课在博士研究生招生规模相对较大的学院，对英语基础好的博士研究生相对集中排课，同时，对教学内容作相应调整。
各研究生培养单位在安排博士研究生公共英语课时应充分考虑博士生的英语基础，分别编班。
三．通过特殊优秀人才单独考试办法录取的博士研究生单独集中上课通过特殊优秀人才单独考试办法录取的博士研究生对公共英语课教学内容和考试形式作相应调整，同时，采取周末单独集中上课的方式。
特此通知研究生院2009年9月通过特殊优秀人才单独考试办法录取的博士研究生对公共英语课教学内容和考试形式作相应调整，同时，采取周末单独集中上课的方式。
关于对2014级博士研究生公共英语课进行分级教学的通知各研究生培养单位：根据《关于博士生英语课程改革实施细则的通知》要求，本学期对2014级博士研究生公共英语课程进行分级分类教学。
原“通知”中要求的分级考试因时间关系由考生初试成绩替代，不再另行安排，且全校课程教学均在本学期完成，具体通知如下：一、关于申请免修免考凡符合以下条件的博士生（小语种除外），可于入学第一周内提出免修免考申请（不可过期办理），经导师和培养单位审核，于2014年9月23日前将汇总名单（须加盖学院公章）、证书及相关证明材料复印件报研究生院培养处审批。
博士研究生招生考试英语大纲
第三部分：翻译。共 2 题，分为 A、B 两节。测试时间 50 分钟。 A 节为英译汉，主要测试考生对英语原文理解的准确性，要求考生将 所给 150 词左右的英语短文译成中文。B 节主要测试考生分析理解母 语、基本掌握西方思维方式和汉英两种语言的异同、有效地进行遣词、 造句、谋篇的能力，要求考生将所给的 100 词左右的中文短文译成英 文。选材原则：短文为学生熟悉的常识性或知识性内容。测试目的： 测试考生正确理解英语文章并用中文正确表达的能力，以及考生的英 语语言运用能力。要求译文忠实于原文，语言通顺。
能力。
三、答题与计分方法
该试卷第一部分为客观性试题，计 60 分。要求考生从每题四个 选项（A、B、C、D）中选出一个最佳答案，每题只能选一个答案， 答案涂在答题卡上。试卷第二部分为主观性试题，计 40 分，要求考 生把答案直接做在答题纸上。该考试为闭卷考试，考生不得使用任何
形式的参考工具。该卷以百分计算。
要生词词义并
进行推断等
50 （每题 2 分）
完形填空
1 篇文章 英语知识综合 选择题
10
II
20
(Cloze Test) （150 词 运用能力 （四选一）
（每题
3
左右）
0.5 分）
1 段英文 理解和表达准
英译汉
文章（150 确、完整、通顺，
1
（15 分）
翻译
词左右） 忠实于原文
2024年医学考博英语大纲
2024年医学考博英语大纲The 2024 Medical Doctoral English Syllabus is an essential component for aspiring medical students in China who are preparing to take the exam. This syllabus outlines the key topics, skills, and knowledge that students need to master in order to succeed in the exam. It is designed to assess students' proficiency in English, as well as their understanding of medical concepts and terminology. The syllabus covers a wide range of subjects, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and medical ethics. It also includes reading, writing, listening, and speaking tasks to evaluate students' overall English language abilities.One of the key requirements of the 2024 MedicalDoctoral English Syllabus is the ability to understand and interpret medical texts in English. This includes reading and analyzing academic articles, research papers, case studies, and medical reports. Students are expected to demonstrate a high level of comprehension and criticalthinking skills when dealing with complex medical information. They must be able to identify key points, analyze data, and draw conclusions from the texts they encounter. This requires a strong command of medical terminology, as well as the ability to understand and interpret specialized language and jargon.In addition to reading and comprehension skills, the syllabus also emphasizes the importance of writing and communication skills in English. Students are required to write essays, reports, and summaries on medical topics, as well as participate in discussions and presentations. They must be able to express their ideas clearly and coherently, using appropriate medical terminology and language. This requires a good understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure, as well as the ability to organize and present information in a logical and persuasive manner.Another important aspect of the 2024 Medical Doctoral English Syllabus is the development of listening and speaking skills. Students are required to listen to lectures, presentations, and conversations on medicaltopics, and to participate in discussions and role-plays. They must be able to understand spoken English in a variety of accents and styles, and to communicate effectively with patients, colleagues, and other healthcare professionals. This requires good listening comprehension, as well as the ability to express oneself clearly and confidently in English.The syllabus also includes a focus on medical ethicsand professionalism, emphasizing the importance of ethical behavior, patient confidentiality, and cultural sensitivity in the practice of medicine. Students are expected to demonstrate an understanding of ethical principles and to apply them in their interactions with patients and colleagues. They must also be able to communicateeffectively with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds, and to show respect for their beliefs and values. This requires a high level of cultural awareness and sensitivity, as well as the ability to communicate and interact with people from different backgrounds.Overall, the 2024 Medical Doctoral English Syllabus isdesigned to assess students' proficiency in English, as well as their understanding of medical concepts and terminology. It covers a wide range of subjects, including reading, writing, listening, and speaking tasks, and emphasizes the importance of critical thinking, communication, and professionalism in the practice of medicine. Students who successfully master the skills and knowledge outlined in the syllabus will be well-prepared to excel in their medical studies and to communicate effectively in English-speaking healthcare settings.。
武汉大学考博英语翻译讲义
University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。 It’s essential that the mechanic or technician understand well the characteristics of battery circuits and the proper methods for connecting batteries or cells. 重要的是，技术人员要深入了解电池电路的特性和连 接电池的正确方法。 Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathogenic, or disease-producing. 可引地漂拂在宽宽的前额上，脸是短短 的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排闪亮的牙齿，眉 毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。
Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨。 It is only shallow people who judge by appearance. 只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。 It is better to do well than to say well. 说得好不如做得好。 He considered the National Security Council too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people who talked too much. 他认为国家安全委员会机构太庞大，人多嘴杂，容易 泄密。
博士生英语-教学大纲
博士研究生英语English for Doctors课程简介本课程是为加强专业素质教育，提高博士生专业英语的综合应用能力而开设的高级专业英语课程。
通过专业交际英语教学，要求学生掌握专业信息交流的一般规则和常用技巧，提高他们用英语进行本专业信息交流的能力，包括专业文件阅读能力、专业文件的文体与修辞技巧、专业术语定义、专业信息描述、论文摘要和研究报告的写作方法、以及专业口语交际能力。
For the purpose to enhance the quality education, this advanced technical English course is specially provided for graduates working on their doctor’s degree to improve their comprehensive ability in technical English communication. Through the course of English for Technical Communication, the students are demanded to grasp the general principles and common techniques of technical communication, and develop their competence of English communication in their own field of study, which includes the abilities in technical reading, technical style and rhetoric, technical definition, technical description, abstract and research report writing, and technical oral communication.教学大纲一、课程名称：博士研究生英语二、总学时数及学分：108学时，3学分理论课72学时实验课36学时三、授课对象：博士研究生预修课程和知识要求：已完成硕士研究生英语课程学习，理解性掌握6000个左右常用单词和基本语法知识，具有较为熟练的阅读能力，一定的写、译能力和基本的听、说能力。
武汉大学博士课程考试英语段落分析复习课程
武汉大学博士课程考试英语段落分析Unit 1 para3Our second major discovery was that the Information Marketplace will dramatically affect people and organizations on a wide scale. Besides its many uses in commerce, office work, and manufacturing, it will also improve health care, provide new ways to shop, enable professional and social encounters across the globe, and generally permeate the thousands of things we do in the course of our daily lives. It will help us pursue old and new pleasures ,and it will encourage new art forms, which may be criticized but will move art forward, as new tools have always done. It will also improve education and training, first in specific and established ways and later through breakthroughs that are confidently awaited. Human organizations from tiny companies to entire national governments will benefit too, because so much of the work they do is information work.Topic :The affection of the Information Marketplace Perspective: people--organizationAspect(s):material-spiritual, individual-society Method: classificationSkill:examples Questions: what howUnit1 para12The wise eye will also see that the information Marketplace is much more influential than its parts –the interfaces, middleware and pipes that make up the three-story building on which we stand. Once they are integrated, they present a much greater power — the power to prevent an asthmatic from dying in a remote town in Alaska, to enable an unemployed bank loan officer to find and succeed at a new form of work, to allow a husband and wife to revel in the accomplishments of a distant daughter while also providing emotional and financial support. These powers are far greater than the ability to send an e-mail message, or to have five hundred TV channels.Topic :The influence of information marketplace Perspective: powerAspect(s):material-spiritual Method: hierarchical structure 层次结构（life-work-pleasure）Skill:examplesUnit8 para1Countless cultures around the world have disappeared, along with their mythologies. In Mesoamerica, dozens of ornate Mayan temples lie mute, as do an untold number of Incan monuments in Peru, Celtic cairns in Wales, Khmer statues in Cambodia, and magnificent ziggurat-like structures in central Africa.Topic : The disappearance of culture Perspective: worldAspect(s):culture【material】Method: space orderSkill:examplesUnit8 para2Easter island, celebrated for the giant statues left by its vanished civilization, is unique in archaeology because of its isolation from its neighbors. current archaeological evidence indicates that some 1,600 years ago the island's first settlers, explorers from Polynesian, found themselves in a pristine paradise with subtropical forests, dozens of wild bird species, and no predators. they multiplied and prospered, distributing resources in a manner that suggests a sophisticated economy and complex political system. rival clans erected ever-larger statues platforms, emulating the stone carvings of their Polynesian forebears, trying to surpass each other with displays of power and wealth.Topic : The civilization of easter island Perspective: island/civilizationAspect(s):enviroment-society Method: progression-classificationSkill:statement-example Questions: wha t→howUnit8 para4It is likely that changes in the forest occurred over decades and would have been difficult to detect immediately. An islander might easily have missed the long-term trend, thinking: “This year we cleared those woods over there, but trees are starting to grow back again over here.” Furthermore, any islander who issued a warning against the oncoming disaster would have been silenced by the ruling class. Chiefs, priests, and stone carvers all depended on the status quo to retain their positions and privileges.Topic : The detection of change Perspective: islanderidea behavior - Method: classification progressionUnit8 para6Humanity may not act in time to prevent the decimation of the rain forests, fossil fuels, arable land, and fisheries. In only 40 years, Ethiopia’s forest cover shrank from 30% to 1%. During the same time period, the rest of the world lost half of its rain forests. Powerful decision-making groups ignore those who sound an alarm; theirpolitical, economic, and religious agendas fail to address the problem of disappearing natural resources.Topic : The prevention of the decimation Perspective: humanityAspect(s): decimation 消亡 (material-spiritual ) - Method: causal order 因果顺序Skill: statistics - statementUnit8 para8If we are going to avoid the fate of the Easter Islanders, we must change the myths that are leading us toward extinction an find inspiring visions of a plausible and appealing future. The old myths have collapsed, but no new ones have emerged to fill the vacuum. For transformation to occur ,human beings must actively shape the future , an enterprise that goes to the heart of mythmaking. If we are each a cell in what Peter Russell calls “The Global Brain,” then this is an individual as well a collective venture.Topic : The change of the myths Perspective: mythmakingAspect(s): myths—idea：understanding Method: problem-solution orderSkill: statement-statementUnit8 para12But as the Grand Narrative of Progress came to dominate other values and views, it cast a malignant shadow. The invention of the automobile was the quintessence of progress, but it left overcrowded highways, air pollution, and deforestation in its wake. Fertilizers in creased crop production but also increased the growth of algae in lakes and canals. The discovery of powerful insecticides — first greeted with enthusiasm and a Nobel Prize — was followed by the unintentional poisoning of fish, birds, and animals. Nuclear power plants increased available energy but led to storage problems, life-threatening contamination, and at least one accident with worldwide repercussions. The waste products of technological living began to choke great cities and foul once-pristine lands. Although Western housing, clothing, and religion were brought to abotiginal people, and the rate of infectious disease went down, the rate of alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, and spouse and child abuse went up.topic :The shadow of GNP Perspectivs: science-societyAspect(s): shadow (material) Method: classificationSkill: examples Questions: what howUnit8 para25The third principle is to identify real-life situations in which antagonists can find common ground. With a recognition of the limitations of linguistic exchange, postmodernists urge that groups “press beyond dialogue.” For example, athletes and musicians from all walks of life can generate smooth and effective teams or musical groups. Business executives and scientists from conflicting backgrounds are often able to work together to generate multinational corporations and cooperative research undertakings.topic :The principle of common ground Perspectivs: situation（common ground）Aspect(s): press beyond dialogue Method: antithesis对比(homogeneity-heterogeneity)同质异质Skill: examples Questions: what how词汇：Rational 理性的、合理的Illustrate 说明——Illustration 例证Linear thinkingLinear way of thinking pattern 线性思维方式Discourse 论述Material——spiritual 物质——精神Point of view ——perspective 角度Micro 微观Macro 宏观Advantage disadvantageNowadays, it becomes more and more important for Chinese PhD candidates to write English well, not only for studying abroad, but also for writing English research papers. Actually, a number of papers written in English by most PhD candidates seem to be far from English, though many of them can write high quality papers in Chinese. Thus how to improve the writing ability of English has become a problem that needs to be considered.The reason why we Chinese students cannot write an accurate “English” paper is that our mother language, especially the thinking patterns, influences us. The features of a discourse have close relation with those of culture. What is reflected on the writing discourse is the sentence and passage organization form. There are different ways of expression with different thinking patterns. For example, When a Chinese student writes an English paper, he is used to using our Chinese thinking patterns to construct the discourse and organize the sentences. Well we may consider it a good writing, but an English–speaker may dislike it. So we should know about these differences between Chinese and English and be able to converse our thinking patterns to English.Generally, it is vital to know how to use words suitably, how to write sentences correctly, andhow to organize paragraphs logically.Firstly, at the sentence level, the basic grammar such as word spell and sentence structure must be all right. When it comes to the written form of the sentence, the thinking pattern must be taken into account. For example, Chinese people are used to using personal and active voice just like“we did this experiment” , contrast to theChinese, English people always use impersonal and passive voice just like“thisexperiment was done by us”.Secondly, writing a paper is just like building a house. To finish the house is far away from our aim. And there are buildings with different styles in different countries. Every sentence and every paragraph has a close relation with its neighbors. Only spelled out some sentences could not make a good writing. So it is necessary to analyze discourse from logic construction, deductive reasoning, and so on. To the paragraph writing, we should adopt the “Triple style” which divides the paragraph structure into three parts: topic sentence, body/development and conclusion. In every passage, materials must be prepared around the topic. These materials are organized精品文档by some skills and methods from the special perspective and aspects which used to develop the topic.In a word, all these elements are influenced greatly by culture and thinking patterns. From sentence to paragraph and then to passage, we need not only to develop the writing skill, but also the linear way of thinking.收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除。
武汉大学考博英语-12
武汉大学考博英语-12(总分：71.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension(总题数：4，分数：31.00)Opponents of affirmative action say the battle over the use of race in college admissions is hardly over, despite the Supreme Court"s ruling Monday upholding the goal of a diverse student body. Higher education leaders overwhelmingly hailed the decision, saying it reaffirmed policies used by most .selective colleges and universities. But some critics raised the possibility of more lawsuits, and promised to continue pressuring the Department of Education"s Office of Civil Rights to investigate questionable policies. "We"re talking about admission programs, scholarships, any program only for minorities or in which the standards used to judge admissions are substantially different," says Linda Chavez, founder and president of the Center for Equal Opportunity, a conservative non-profit group.Others say they"ll take their case to voters. "We have to seriously contest all this at the ballot box," says University of California regent Ward Connerly, who helped win voter approval of California"s Proposition 209, which prohibits considering race or gender in public education, hiring and contracting. Because of that law, Monday"s ruling had no practical impact in the state. "It may be time for us to let the (Michigan) voters decide if they want to use race as a factor in admissions," Connerly said Monday.Meanwhile, U. S. Education Secretary Rod Paige, consistent with President Bushes stance opposing affirmative action, said the Department of Education will "continue examining and highlighting effective race-neutral approaches to ensure broad access to and diversity within our public institutions". Even Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O"Connor, in one of the opinions, recommended that states look for lessons in race-neutral programs being tried in California and elsewhere. While the ruling said admission officials may consider race in the selection process, colleges and universities are not obligated to do so. "Ultimately in the debate, diversity is a choice, not a legal mandate", says Arthur Coleman, a former Department of Education official who now helps colleges and universities ensure constitutional policies.The public, too, remains conflicted, largely along racial lines. According to a January poll by the non-profit research organization Public Agenda, 79% of Americans said it is important for colleges to have a racially diverse student body, while just 54% said affirmative action programs should continue. In a Gallup poll conducted days before the ruling, 49% of adults said they favor affirmative action and 43% did not, with blacks and Hispanics far more likely to favor the practice than whites. And some educators doubt that with Monday"s ruling, those opposing affirmative action will change their minds.For now, admission officials and university lawyers are poring over the ruling to determine how or whether to adjust policies. While most tend to be closed-mouthed about admission policies, many say they don"t expect significant changes.（分数：7.50）(1).What the critics said in the first paragraph amounts to the idea that ______.（分数：1.50）A.no admission policies based on race should be implemented √B.minority applicants should be given favorable considerationsC.different standards for admitting minority students should be set upD.selective colleges and universities should be punished for their discrimin--atory policies 解析：不应当实施基于种族的录取政策。
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博士研究生英语教学一．教学目的及目标以感受语言，认识语言，应用语言为主导，以提高学生的实际应用能力为目标。
在反思语言习得的过程中，探索一种全新的教学模式（源于且高于单一语言层面的教学，即基于语篇层面的文本结构，在语篇层面上对文本进行三位一体的诠释，了解英美族人的思维方式），增强论文和学术研究中的批判性思维的意识，培养批判性思维的习惯（通过洞察力达到更深层次的知识和理解），强化创造性技能（区别于侧重于以听力和阅读为主导的接受性技能），即提高学生交际和写作的能力，使之符合清晰性、准确性、精确性、相关性、深度、广度、逻辑和意义的评价标准（限于课时，故侧重于理念教学，本源教学，形态教学，方法论教学，从认识论的角度培养学生的解构能力）。
二．教学理念从传统的侧重于语言层面的教学观念转移到以思维层面为主导，兼顾语言层面的全新的教学观念，即了解英美族人怎么想、怎么组织思想、怎么表达的思维层面，从而实现正确的交际目的（怎么用），完善学习的对象（学以致用），而不只停留在单一的体现语法与词汇的语句即语言层面。
语言是表达思想的物质载体, 是逻辑思维的工具, 是思维过程的再现；而思维对世界的反映是借助于语言来实现的。
三．教学定位以思维模式为切入点（显著区别于本科生，即通过纯粹的联想或死记硬背以及练习来完成的低阶段的学习；硕士生，即大量的知识积累却缺乏知识自身的相关逻辑；以及其他兄弟院校的英语教学，具有武汉大学特色的博士研究生英语教学），提高学生的综合分析能力，倡导英语学习的方法论，以期突破英语学习的瓶颈问题。
知其然更力求知其所以然，强化实践过程中的批判性思维能力（分析性、逻辑性、系统化）。
四．教学手段/方法以三位一体（角度的界定，文献的摘录，功能的区分）的训练方法完成对文本的解构，运用批判性思维的分析能力，以期了解英美族人的思维方式即what to write，组织布局即how to write和结构功能即why to write。
如下所示：五．教学内容及计划在一学期的课堂教学实践中，重点比较，解析不同文章（分别为不同风格的书籍、评论及演讲的体裁，以及兼顾文理学科的有关计算机、经济与哲学的不同题材），通过异同点的比较，了解英美族人的共性的思维模式，透视写作和口头交际的实质。
同时辅以涉及文化背景的口语表达训练及写作能力练习，帮助学生重新审视并总结自己的英语学习进程。
六．教学测试，评估及成绩管理课堂教学强调应用能力的提高，因此，在测试评估环节秉承这一要求，体现为强调主观能动性的写作项和口语实践项（缺一不可），而非客观性的选项。
口语实践项为学生自选，或为教学中期的演讲，或为教学后期的小组讨论/辩论。
写作项即笔试为课程测试（内容及方法为课堂所授），而非入学式的水平测试，以适应不同层次不同年龄不同水平的博士研究生学习。
见下表：博士研究生英语笔试模式特点：及格容易，高分体现高水平，即保障与选拔原则：尊重试卷，尊重考生，公平，公正，经得起检查。
说明：突出“解构—产出”功能，彰显应用（思维-布局-表达）能力。
成绩构成：总成绩= 考试成绩（70%）包括口语Oral（10%）和笔试Written（60% ）+ 随堂及课外实践活动Assignments & Activity （30％），其中Assignments & Activity 选择性包括千字文章一篇，论文摘要一篇, 若干篇批判性思维写作比较及课上讨论）。
成绩记载为十级制即A+（96-100）A（90-95）A-（85-89）B+（80-84）B（75-79）B-（70-74）C+（67-69）C（63-66）C-（60-62）D（0-59）成绩为Ｄ者需重修课程。
七．教学要求在博士研究生英语的教学实践中，需要教师和学生更新传统的教学观念，倡导教与学两方面的互动。
教师方面：认真负责，不断创新，具有前沿意识，善于启发学生，培养并强化学生的综合分析能力，提高学生的交际运用能力。
学生方面：勤于思考，勇于挑战，大胆实践，避免传统而机械地死记硬背，更非被动地一味接受。
充分运用批判性思维的分析能力，在更高层次上完善自我，即说出英美族人能听懂的话，写出英美报刊能接受的文章。
八．教学辅助与相关部门配合，提供课外第二课堂的辅助学习，如：在研究生院网站（）下载中心上提供可供下载的相关学习资料（教学计划，部分课外练习，参考译文等）。
博士研究生英语教研室2013年9月附：武汉大学Part I Documental Analysis 20%Attention: Analyze the following paragraph according to the requirements of perspective, method and skill, and questions.But as the Grand Narrative of Progress came to dominate other values and views, it cast a malignant shadow. The invention of the automobile was the quintessence of progress, but it left overcrowded highways, air pollution, and deforestation in its wake. Fertilizers increased crop production but also increased the growth of algae in lakes and canals. The discovery of powerful insecticides--first greeted with enthusiasm and a Nobel Prize--was followed by the unintentional poisoning of fish, birds, and animals. Nuclear power plants increased available energy but led to storage problems, life-threatening contamination, and at least one accident with worldwide repercussions. The waste products of technological living began to choke great cities and foul once-pristine lands. Although Western housing, clothing, and religion were brought to aboriginal people, and the rate of infectious disease went down, the rate of alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, and spouse and child abuse went up.Part II Article Analysis 15%Attention:Fill the chart according to the requirements based on your understanding of the following article.1. We live in times that are harsh but exciting, where everyone agrees that we are moving to a new level of civilization. Principles, values, ways of life, will no longer be the same; but as yet we are not really ready for these changes; we are faced with inventing the future and also bringing it into operation, progressively; we make experiments and we frequently make mistakes; but we are beginning to know what we want when we talk of justice, freedom and democracy. The scientific and technological community is directly involved in the questions that arise. Following those of our generation, the demands of your generation will continue until these aims have been at least partially achieved.2. The closeness of scientific problems to political problems is such that scientific workers arenot, far from it, protected from socio-economic vicissitudes. So much so that they sometimes express the same needs as all other workers and join them in this context; but they also call for specific measures. Like everyone else we need freedom but we especially need freedom of expression for our scientific and technological ideas; we need this even if it is only to put them forward for criticism. We don't ask for any particular privilege but we would like the efforts made to be evaluated at their actual worth, in the interests of society.3. If our federation is so active in working for a statement of the rights and responsibilities of scientific workers, it is because we wish to resolve this problem in a way appropriate to most countries.4. So you will certainly play an important part in society, even if this is not always readily recognized by society, because scientific and technological knowledge and expertise are the context in which future economic, social and political changes will take place. Whatever you do, you cannot ignore them and, whatever is said, society will not be able to ignore you. You will also have a decisive part to play, and perhaps an even more difficult one, in the scientific and technological community itself. The whole extension of this community and its interaction with society as a whole leads scientific workers to get involved in all political debates, crises and decisions. You will have to note the essential demands of science as such; it is not simply a matter of protecting society from unacceptable consequences; one must also protect scientific activity from political and financial meddling.5. It is vital to safeguard the basic honesty of science, the honesty that is basic to its method. Whenever, in the history of science, this honesty has been set aside, the consequences have been serious. I am not speaking merely of the suicide or disgrace of an individual but of the social and economic damage arising from such lapses. There are worse possibilities: at a time when problems are increasingly complex, with ever widening political implications, we need science to be technically dependable and socially credible. In a world of turbulence, science's saving grace is not simply material but lies in its rationality.Part III Writing 25%Attention:Write an essay on the following topic with substantial evidence and good reasoning (e.g. in a linear way) in more than 300 words.How to Write English Well as a PhD Candidate---- On My Class ExperienceAchievement Test For PhD. Candidates Answer Sheet Part I. Documental Analysis 20% Topic: ______________________________ ______________________________ Perspective(s): __________________________ __________________________ Method(s): ___________________________ ___________________________ Skill(s): _______________________________ _______________________________ Questions: ____________________________ ____________________________院系： 学号： 姓名： 任课教师： 座位号：------------------------------------------------- 密 ---------------------------------- 封 ----------------------------- 线 ----------------------------------------------- Score:________Part II. Article Analysis 15%Part III. 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