2020考研英语翻译训练
翻译技巧对于每一个英语句子的翻译, 并不只是使用一种翻译方法, 而是多种翻译方法的综合运用, 这在英语长句的翻译中表现得尤为突出。
无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。
其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。
一、英语长句的分析◎一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。
在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
注意插入语等其他成分。
注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:例 1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
(2) 该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等, 这五个谓语结构之间的关系为: Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构为主句; who is raised in an environment为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为child; where there are many stimuli 为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为environment; which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为stimuli; 在suggest的宾语从句中, 主语为child, 谓语为experience, 宾语为greater intellectual development. 在作了如上的分析之后, 我们就会对该句具有了一个较为透彻的理解, 然后根据我们上面所讲述的各种翻译方法, 就可以把该句翻译成汉语为:行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
例 2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.分析: (1) 该句的骨干结构为it is more … to do sth than to do sth else. 是一个比较结构, 而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。
(2) 该句中共有三个谓语结构, 它们之间的关系为: it is more convenient as well as cheaper to … 为主体结构, 但it是形式主语, 真正的主语为第二个谓语结构: to sit comfortably at home, 并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere 作比较。
(3) 句首的for a family of four作状语, 表示条件。
另外, 还有两个介词短语作插入语: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语, 修饰to sit comfortably at home.综合上述翻译方法，这个句子我们可以翻译为：譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目,遣又便宜又方便。
二、长句的翻译英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。
因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。
在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。
（一）、顺序法。
当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。
例如:例 1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.分析: 该句子由一个主句, 三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成, 共有五层意思: A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时; B.电仍在为我们工作; C. 帮我们开动电冰箱; D. 加热水; E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。
上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致, 因此, 我们可以通过顺序法, 把该句翻译成:即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。
例 2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their ―expectation of life‖, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.分析: 该句的骨干结构为―It is realized that…‖ , it为形式主语, that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to …结构, 其中, 不定式作主语, the time …是―expectation of life‖的同位语, 进一步解释其含义,而time 后面的句子是它的定语从句。
五个谓语结构, 表达了四个层次的意义: A. 可是现在人们意识到; B. 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的; C. 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质―可望存在多少年‖; D. 将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。
根据同位语从句的翻译方法, 把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整, 整个句子就翻译为:可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质―可望存在多少年‖, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。
下面我们再列举几个实例:例 3. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by themale-dominated culture.在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。
她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。
例 4. This method of using ―controls‖ can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as ―Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?‖ and ―Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?‖这种使用参照物的方法可以应用于许多种情况, 也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案, 从―铁生锈, 是否必须有一定的湿度才行?‖到―哪种豆类一季的产量最高?‖例 5. It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event; it grows as a matureinterest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures; it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man`s life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.我们对历史的爱好起源于我们最初仅对一些历史上的宏伟场面和激动人心的事件感到孩童般的兴趣; 其后, 这种爱好变得成熟起来, 我们开始对历史这出―戏剧‖的多样性和复杂性, 对历史上的辉煌成就和悲壮失败也感兴趣; 对历史的爱好, 最终以我们对人类生命的一种深沉的神秘感而告结束。
2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案(跨考版)
2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案(跨考版)文章来源于An Outline of American History，《美国历史纲要》，是一本历史学方面的专著。
46 We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句，第一个并列句主干是 We don’t have to learn ，how引导宾语从句做learn的宾语，第二个并列句主干是it is built into us in the same way，that引导定语从句修饰先行词way，that定语从句中主干是our bodies know，how引导宾语从句做know的宾语。
【参考译文】我们无需刻意去了解学习才能让心理更健康，它正如我们的身体知道怎样让伤口愈合和修复骨折一样，是根植于我们体内的/是我们与生俱来的水平。
47 Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; likethe sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句, 第一个并列句主谓结构，很简单，第二个并列句中，like the sun behind a cloud是状语，but 连接两个并列分句，包括短语be hidden from 和be capable of. 涉及被动语态的翻译方法。
【参考译文】我们的心理健康并不是真的消失不见，就像云朵背后的太阳，它也许暂时被遮挡，但是它也能够在瞬间重焕光芒。
2020年考研《英语二》翻译真题(文字版)
2020年考研《英语二》翻译真题（文字版）46. Directions：Translate the following text into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple：The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.考后注重：>>>2020年考研真题及答案专题>>>2020年考研成绩查询时间及入口专题>>>2020年考研国家线、分数线专题。
2020年考研英语(二)翻译真题及答案
2020年考研英语(二)翻译真题及答案Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. Itcould be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive thatthe trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect： people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’thave to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly.And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remembe r the journey well because we didn’t pay muchattention to it. So we assume it was shorter.今年英语二的翻译在难度上有所上升。
2020年考研英语一真题及答案：翻译
2020年考研英语一真题及答案：翻译Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）Within the span of a hundred years， in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries， a tide of emigration -one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. （46） This movement， driven by powerful anddiverse motivations， built a nation out of a wilderness and，by its nature， shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.（47） The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas， customs， and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity，colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across theAtlantic came successive groups of Englishmen， Frenchmen，Germans， Scots， Irishmen， Dutchmen， Swedes， and many others who attempted to transplant their habits andtraditions to the new world. （48） But， the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America， the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another， and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw， new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which， although it resembled Europeansociety in many ways， had a character that was distinctly American.（49）The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America. In the meantime，thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico，the West Indies， and South America. These travelers to North America came in small， unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage， they subsisted on meager rations. Many of the ships were lost in storms， many passengers died of disease， and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course， and often calm brought interminable delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one chronicler，“ The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods. （50） The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgiain the south. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture， ships and potash，dyes and naval stores.【参考答案】46.在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2020年英语翻译口译笔译考试模拟试题及答案
2020年英语翻译口译笔译考试模拟试题及答案The recession has hit middle-income and poor families hardest, widening the economic gap between the richest and poorest Americans as rippling job layoffs ravaged household budgets.Household income declined across all groups, but at sharper percentage levels for middle-income and poor Americans. Median income fell last year from $52,163 to$50,303, wiping out a decade's worth of gains to hit thelowest level since 1997. Poverty jumped sharply to 13.2 percent, an 11-year high.No one should be surprised at the increased disparity. Analysts attributed the widening gap to the wave of layoffsin the economic downturn that have devastated household budgets. They said while the richest Americans may be seeing reductions in executive pay, those at the bottom of theincome ladder are often unemployed and struggling to get by.中译英2020年翩不过至，世界24个时区的万千钟声，此起彼伏，宣告在这人类新千年中，一个10年代的终结，又是另一个10年代的开始。
2020考研英语：翻译练习句解析5
2020考研英语：翻译练习句解析5 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：翻译练习句解析5”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯! 2020考研英语：翻译练习句解析5 81. Others were less intentional, such as his habit of attending baseball and football games and watching the game from the stands with all the other fans, presenting himself as a man of the people, rather than viewing from a luxury box with the team owner.? 【译文】 其他活动则是无意识的，例如：他习惯到现场观看垒球和橄榄球比赛，像一个普通人一样与其他球迷一道在普通看台上观看，而不是与球队老板们一样坐在豪华包厢内观看。
82. Unlike his hero Theodore Roosevelt, who helped create the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) while in office, Nixon repeatedly backed away from opportunities to use the prestige of his office to have an influence in the world of sport, such as preventing the relocation of the Washington Senators baseball team to the Dallas Ft. Worth area. He did, however, attempt to use sport as venue to shape cultural values.? 【译文】 西奥多?罗斯福总统是他崇拜的人物，在执政期间帮助创立了全国大学生体育协会。
2020年考研《英语一》翻译题答案(海文版)
2020年考研《英语一》翻译题答案(海文版)Section III TranslationDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. Butthe result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.46、【参考译文】在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次(移民)运动在一片荒野上建立了一个国家，并且就本质来说，塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案(海文版)
2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案（海文版）Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem -confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems,resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, orraising a child. It allows us to see the beauty thatsurrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flowof our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad,friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowingthat mental health is always available and knowing to trustit allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.【参考译文】46. 我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种水平植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。
2020考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案解析
2020考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案解析(1)Any discussion of the American educational system would be less than complete if it did not mention the emphasis that many colleges and universities place upon the nonacademic, social,“extracurricular”aspect of education, often defined as personal growth. Perhaps a useful way of viewing the notion of personal growth would be to picture the very large and general term“education” as being all-embracing, including as subsets within it academic and nonacademic components.This may be one of the most difficult concepts to convey to someone who is not intimately familiar with American higher education. Few educational systems in other countries place the same emphasis on this blend of academic and personal education. The majority of colleges and universities in the United States make some attempt to integrate personal and intellectual growth in the undergraduate years. (2) If the ultimate goal of undergraduate education in America were simply to convey a set body of knowledge, the term of studies could undoubtedly be reduced. Yet the terms of studies are extended in order to give students a chance to grow and develop in other ways.Numerous opportunities are made available to students to become involved in sports, student government, musical and dramatic organizations, and countless other organized and individual activities designed to enhance one’s personal growth and provide some recreation and enjoyment outside of the classroom. (3)Experience with campus organizations andoff-campus community involvement can be highly valuable inpreparing international students for future leadership intheir professional field upon their return home.The typical American college’s support forextracurricular activity is perhaps unique in the world, This special educational dimension, beyond the classroom and laboratory experience, does not mean that extracurricular participation is required to gain an American degree. It remains an entirely optional activity, but (4)it is notedhere because Americans have traditionally viewed success in one’s role as a citizen as closely linked to a “well-rounded”life that incorporates a variety of social, athletic, and cultural activities into a person’s experience.A great many American campuses and communities have organized special extracurricular activities for studentsfrom other countries. (5) On most campuses, one can find an international club, which includes Americans, where students can get to know and learn socially from students from other countries, as well as Americans. International students are almost always invited, through organized hospitality activities, into the homes of Americans living in or outside the academic community.答案1.如果对美国教育体系的讨论未能涉及很多学院及大学教育中非学术性的、社会的及“课程外”的方面，即其对个性成长的重视，那么这种讨论就不全面。
2020考研英语：翻译练习四大技巧
2020考研英语：翻译练习四大技巧 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：翻译练习四大技巧”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯! 2020考研英语：翻译练习四大技巧 一、先别动笔 不是所有人都适合直接动笔刷，尤其是翻译题。
如果你考纲词汇还没开始背，句子完全看不懂，那么建议你还是先抓紧时间背好单词，理理考研英语语法的知识架构，然后再来看。
也许在其他题型中，我们还可以靠技巧去蒙、去猜。
但是，翻译是必须在看懂句子的前提下，再谈技巧的。
二、刷题 翻译才是最强利器。
不要指望听听课、追追剧就能下笔如有神。
练好翻译技巧的神器有且只有一个，那就是历年!具体使用说明如下。
准备一个软面抄，在每页纸的中间画分割竖线，左边用来写第一遍刷题时的译文。
右边用来记录左边译文的错题总结，方便自己发现易错点，有侧重地纠错，巩固练题技巧。
先不要计较结果，拿起笔，开动脑筋，从1994年刷到2000年，每天做一年的，用时25分钟左右，坚持一周。
做完一定要对照答案，仔细分析。
三、强化翻译知识储备 把近10年(2008-2017年)考研翻译题中出现过的单词反复记忆、复习。
要重点复习考研阅读和翻译中出现的熟词僻意。
第一遍刷完之后，对照答案，把句法结构、单词、短语等全部吃透，整理成笔记。
总结自己译文有误的原因，对症下药。
总结各种从句，如名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等的处理技巧。
对各种特殊结构，例如倒装、强调、被动句等，也都能找到对应的方法。
四、敢于挑战权威 刷完大部分后，你以为自己就所向披靡了吗?错!! 可能你还要再刷一遍。
这一遍，你的目标就是比标准答案译得还要漂。