【免费下载】超导电力技术-中英文
超导材料 英语
超导材料英语Superconducting MaterialsSuperconducting materials are a group of materials that exhibit zero electrical resistance when cooled below their critical temperature. This phenomenon, called superconductivity, is a fascinating and valuable propertythat has many useful applications in modern technology.Types of Superconducting MaterialsThere are several types of superconductors, classified based on their properties and structures. The two main types are:1. Type-I Superconductors: These are metals or alloysthat have a very low critical temperature and exhibitcomplete expulsion of magnetic fields when cooled below their critical temperature.2. Type-II Superconductors: These are materials that exhibit both type-I and type-II behavior depending on the temperature, magnetic field, and current applied. They are usually made of ceramics or metallic alloys and have higher critical temperatures than type-I superconductors.Applications of Superconducting MaterialsSuperconducting materials have many real-world applications, including:1. Electromagnets: Due to their ability to conduct electricity without resistance, superconducting materials are ideal for making powerful electromagnets used in MRI machines, particle accelerators, and magnetic levitation trains.2. Power transmission: Superconducting materials canenhance the efficiency of power transmission systems by reducing energy losses during transmission, which can save a lot of money and reduce carbon emissions.3. Computing and memory: High-speed switching devices made from superconducting materials could make computing and memory devices faster and more energy-efficient.4. Energy storage: Superconducting materials can be used in energy storage systems such as flywheel batteries that store energy using a spinning rotor made of superconducting material.Challenges and Future ProspectsDespite their many promising applications, there arestill several challenges that need to be overcome before superconducting materials can become more widespread in the industry, including their high cost and the need for cryogenic cooling.However, with ongoing technological advancements and research, it is likely that new and improved superconducting materials will emerge, with better performance and more accessibility, making the benefits of superconductivity more widely available for a range of applications.。
超导科普文章英文及译文
超导科普文章英文及译文Here's a superconductivity科普文章 in English, written in an informal and conversational tone, with each paragraph maintaining independence and variety in language style:Paragraph 1:Ever heard of superconductivity? It's this crazy thing where some materials lose all resistance to electricity flow at really low temperatures. Imagine a wire thatdoesn't heat up or lose energy as electricity passes through it. That's superconductivity in a nutshell!Translation 段落1:听说过超导性吗？它是一种奇特的现象，当一些材料在极低的温度下时，会失去对所有电流流动的阻力。
想象一下，有一根电线在电流通过时既不会发热也不会损失能量。
这就是超导性的简单解释！Paragraph 2:So why is this important? Well, superconductors can make powerful electric magnets and efficient energytransport possible. Imagine having zero energy loss inpower lines. That would be a game-changer for our energy consumption and efficiency.Translation 段落2:那么这为什么重要呢？嗯，超导体可以使强大的电磁铁和高效的能量传输成为可能。
电力专业英语翻译(第二版)
A decrease in the field current gives rise to lagging (inductive) current in the stator; and increase in the field current that overexcites the motor causes a leading (capacitive) current to appear in the stator.励磁电流减小时，定子电流感性增强；励磁电流增加使电机过励时将在定子中产生容性电流。
An induction machine is an AC two-winding unit in which only one (primary, usually the stator) winding is supplied with an alternating current at a constant frequency ω1 from an external source.感应电机是一种具有双绕组的交流电气设备，它只有一个绕组（一次侧，通常是定子）通过外电源输入固定频率为ω1的交变电流。
Current transformers for protection are essentially similar to those used for the operation of ammeters, watthourmeters and other instruments.保护用电流互感器基本上同操作用的电流表、电能表和其他仪器类似。
DG planning also involves arranging for connection of the renewable power generator with the local grid, and for support of any local electric load when the renewable source is not available.分布式发电规划还包括安排可再生能源发电机与地方电网相连接，这样当可再生能源不可用时，本地电力负荷仍能得到支持。
超导技术在电力系统中的应用
超导技术在电力系统中的应用近年来，随着能源消耗的增加和对环境保护的认识加强，人们对电力系统的安全性、可靠性、效率性等方面的要求也越来越高。
而超导技术就是一种可以有效提高电力系统运行性能的技术。
一、超导技术的原理及应用所谓超导，是指在超导材料中，当温度降到一定程度以下时，电流可以在材料内无损耗地流动。
这种无损耗的电流流动，可以使得传输线路没有热损失和电能损耗，从而可大幅提高电力系统的效率和节约能源。
另外，由于超导材料对磁场具有特殊的超导性质，因此也可以在发电机和变压器等电力设备中应用。
1. 超导电缆超导电缆是一种核心包覆式超导电缆，在铜套中包覆多丝超导带材，制成环型导体用于输配电，可显著降低输电线路的电阻和电动势降低，提高电力系统的传输能力和电能传输效率，使得系统的损耗更小，可行的输电距离更远。
与同等电阻的高压电缆相比，超导电缆的直径更小，重量更轻，故布设和维护成本也更低。
2. 超导发电机目前，利用超导技术的发电机已经得到了广泛应用。
传统发电机的旋转部分都是由导体制成，如铜等。
发电时导体的运动会产生磁通量，在大功率的情况下会产生很大的磁化电流，这会使得导体的温升加剧，增大铜质线圈的电阻，降低了发电机的效率。
而利用超导技术制造的发电机，铜材交替覆盖超导带材，这样可以大幅度降低发电机线圈的电阻，提高输出功率，而且还可以减少断路电压和抑制振动等现象，从而使得设备具备更高的稳定性和寿命。
3. 超导变压器超导变压器是利用超导材料制成的线圈来替代传统的铜线圈的变压器。
这种变压器具有更高的能量效率、更低的损耗和更小的体积，使得传统变压器的设计和使用方式得到了极大的改善。
二、超导技术在电力系统中的优势与传统电力系统相比，采用超导技术的电力系统具有如下优势：1. 高效性由于超导材料在低温下电流可以无损耗地流动，因此超导线路的效率可以明显地提高。
具体而言，超导线路的损耗比普通导线的损耗要低得多，从而可以实现更高的能量传输效率。
超导技术及其应用
超导技术及其应用超导技术是一种利用超导材料的独特电学特性来制造电子设备的技术，在多个领域得到广泛应用。
本文将探讨超导技术的原理、发展历程以及在能源、医学、计算机等领域的应用。
一、超导技术简介超导材料是一种在低于临界温度下（临界温度是一个物质进入超导状态的临界点。
）电阻变为零的材料。
这意味着，超导状态下的电能可以在不产生能量损耗的情况下在材料内部传输。
超导材料的这些独特电学特性使得它们在电路、磁学、能源和医学等领域中具有广泛的应用前景。
二、超导技术的历史和发展超导技术最初出现于1911年，当时Dutch Physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes首次发现，当他把汞降温至4.2K（几乎是绝对零度的温度）时，其电阻率为零，即呈超导状态。
从那时起，超导材料的研究一直在不断进步。
1941年，美国物理学家William Shockley首次提出了超导技术的概念，指出了超导技术在电路和自我感应方面的应用前景。
1957年，超导材料Nb3Sn被发现，在它的超导状态下，临界温度为18K。
3亿磁感应强度在18K-20K的Nb3Sn，比铜线的电阻小多了，这意味着使用这种材料作为电线可以节省大量的电力。
1962年，IBM物理学家Robert Schrieffer、Leon Cooper和John Bardeen首次提出了超导理论，并因此获得了1965年的诺贝尔物理学奖。
到了20世纪80年代，开发出了高温超导材料，其中最具代表性的是La-Ba-Cu-O材料。
这种材料的临界温度高达140K，这使得超导技术可以被更加广泛地应用于实际应用中。
三、超导技术的应用能源领域超导技术在电力输送和电网稳定性方面有着广泛的应用。
由于超导材料在超导状态下可以实现电流不损耗传输，它们被广泛用于输电线路和电缆制造。
超导电缆可以节约大量的能源，减少能源损耗，保证电网的稳定运行。
医学领域MRI成像技术通常使用超导体来产生磁场，该技术可以在体内生成非常强的磁场，使得弱磁性细胞和组织成像变得更加清晰，这是大多数其他技术无法实现的。
（完整版）电力系统外文英语文献资料
（完整版）电力系统外文英语文献资料Electric Power SystemElectrical power system refers to remove power and electric parts of the part,It includes substation, power station and distribution. The role of the power grid is connected power plants and users and with the minimum transmission and distribution network disturbance through transport power, with the highest efficiency and possibility will voltage and frequency of the power transmission to the user fixed .Grid can be divided into several levels based on the operating voltage transmission system, substructure, transmission system and distribution system, the highest level of voltage transmission system is ZhuWangJia or considered the high power grids. From the two aspects of function and operation, power can be roughly divided into two parts, the transmission system and substation. The farthest from the maximum output power and the power of the highest voltage grade usually through line to load. Secondary transmission usually refers to the transmission and distribution system is that part of the middle. If a plant is located in or near the load, it might have no power. It will be direct access to secondary transmission and distribution system. Secondary transmission system voltage grade transmission and distribution system between voltage level. Some systems only single second transmission voltage, but usually more than one. Distribution system is part of the power system and its retail service to users, commercial users and residents of some small industrial users. It is to maintain and in the correct voltage power to users responsible. In most of the system, Distribution system accounts for 35% of the total investment system President to 45%, andtotal loss of system of the half .More than 220kv voltage are usually referred to as Ultra high pressure, over 800kv called high pressure, ultra high voltage and high pressure have important advantages, For example, each route high capacity, reduce the power needed for the number of transmission. In as high voltage to transmission in order to save a conductor material seem desirable, however, must be aware that high voltage transmission can lead to transformer, switch equipment and other instruments of spending increases, so, for the voltage transmission to have certain restriction, allows it to specific circumstances in economic use. Although at present, power transmission most is through the exchange of HVDC transmission, and the growing interest in, mercury arc rectifier and brake flow pipe into the ac power generation and distribution that change for the high voltage dc transmission possible.Compared with the high-voltage dc high-voltage ac transmission has the following some advantages: (1) the communication with high energy; (2) substation of simple maintenance and communication cost is low; (3) ac voltage can easily and effectively raise or lower, it makes the power transmission and high pressure With safety voltage distribution HVDC transmission and high-voltage ac transmission has the following advantages: (1) it only need two phase conductors and ac transmission to three-phase conductors; (2) in the dc transmission impedance, no RongKang, phase shift and impact overvoltage; (3) due to the same load impedance, no dc voltage, and transfer of the transmission line voltage drop less communication lines, and for this reason dc transmission line voltage regulator has better properties; (4) in dc system withoutskin effect. Therefore, the entire section of route conductors are using; (5) for the same work, dc voltage potential stress than insulation. Therefore dc Wire need less insulation; (6) dc transmission line loss, corona to little interference lines of communication; (7) HVDC transmission without loss of dielectric, especially in cable transmission; (8) in dc system without stability and synchronization of trouble.A transmission and the second transmission lines terminated in substation or distribution substations, the substation and distribution substations, the equipment including power and instrument transformer and lightning arrester, with circuit breaker, isolating switch, capacitor set, bus and a substation control equipment, with relays for the control room of the equipment. Some of the equipment may include more transformer substations and some less, depending on their role in the operation. Some of the substation is manual and other is automatic. Power distribution system through the distribution substations. Some of them by many large capacity transformer feeders, large area to other minor power transformer capacity, only a near load control, sometimes only a doubly-fed wire feeders (single single variable substation)Now for economic concerns, three-phase three-wire type communication network is widely used, however, the power distribution, four lines using three-phase ac networks.Coal-fired power means of main power generating drive generators, if coal energy is used to produce is pushing the impeller, then generate steam force is called the fire. Use coal produces steam to promote the rotating impeller machine plant called coal-fired power plants. In the combustion process, the energy stored in the coal to heat released,then the energy can be transformed into the form within vapor. Steam into the impeller machine work transformed into electrical energy.Coal-fired power plants could fuel coal, oil and natural gas is. In coal-fired power plant, coal and coal into small pieces first through the break fast, and then put out. The coal conveyer from coal unloader point to crush, then break from coal, coal room to pile and thence to power. In most installations, according to the needs of coal is, Smash the coal storage place, no coal is through the adjustable coal to supply coal, the broken pieces of coal is according to the load changes to control needs. Through the broken into the chamber, the coal dust was in the second wind need enough air to ensure coal burning.In function, impeller machine is used to high temperature and high pressure steam energy into kinetic energy through the rotation, spin and convert electricity generator. Steam through and through a series of impeller machine parts, each of which consists of a set of stable blade, called the pipe mouth parts, even in the rotor blades of mobile Li called. In the mouth parts (channel by tube nozzle, the steam is accelerating formation) to high speed, and the fight in Li kinetic energy is transformed into the shaft. In fact, most of the steam generator is used for air is, there is spread into depression, steam turbine of low-pressure steam from the coagulation turbine, steam into the condenses into water, and finally the condensate water is to implement and circulation.In order to continuous cycle, these must be uninterrupted supply: (1) fuel; (2) the air (oxygen) to the fuel gas burning in the configuration is a must; (3) and condenser, condensed from the condensed water supply, sea and river to lake. Common coolingtower; (4) since water vapour in some places in circulation, will damage process of plenty Clean the supply.The steam power plant auxiliary system is running. For a thermal power plant, the main auxiliary system including water system, burning gas and exhaust systems, condensation system and fuel system. The main auxiliary system running in the water pump, condensation and booster pump, coal-fired power plants in the mill equipment. Other power plant auxiliary equipment including air compressors, water and cooling water system, lighting and heating systems, coal processing system. Auxiliary equipment operation is driven by motor, use some big output by mechanical drive pump and some of the impeller blades, machine drive out from the main use of water vaporimpeller machine. In coal-fired power plant auxiliary equipment, water supply pump and induced draft fan is the biggest need horsepower.Most of the auxiliary power generating unit volume increased significantly in recent years, the reason is required to reduce environment pollution equipment. Air quality control equipment, such as electrostatic precipitator, dust collection of flue gas desulfurization, often used in dust in the new coal-fired power plants, and in many already built in power plant, the natural drive or mechanical drive, fountain, cooling tower in a lake or cooling canal has been applied in coal-fired power plants and plants, where the heat release need to assist cooling system.In coal-fired power stations, some device is used to increase the thermal energy, they are (1) economizer and air preheater, they can reduce the heat loss; (2) water heater, he can increase the temperature of water into boiling water heaters; (3) they can increase and filter the thermal impeller.Coal-fired power plants usually requires a lot of coal and coal reservoirs, however the fuel system in power plant fuel handling equipment is very simple, and almost no fuel oil plants.The gas turbine power plants use gas turbine, where work is burning gas fluid. Although the gas turbine must burn more expensive oil or gas, but their low cost and time is short, and can quickly start, they are very applicable load power plant. The gas turbine burn gas can achieve 538 degrees Celsius in the condensing turbine, however, the temperature is lower, if gas turbine and condenser machine, can produce high thermal efficiency. In gas turbine turbine a combined cycle power plant. The gas through a gas turbine, steam generator heat recovery in there were used to generate vapor heat consumption. Water vapor and then through a heated turbine. Usually a steam turbine, and one to four gas turbine power plant, it must be rated output power.。
电力系统专业单词中英文对照
常用专业词汇中英文对照屏蔽双绞pair twisted screened常闭接点normally closed contact常开接点normally open contact备自投Automatic Takeover to Stand-by Supply遥信Remote indicationUnit-generator step-up transformers发变组Be subject to 服从于Step-up transformer升压变High-side(high voltage side) of the transformer变压器高压侧Low-side of the transtormer变压器低压侧Magnetizing inrush current励磁涌流Undervoltage Load Shedding 低电压甩负荷Margin 余地边界页面空白利润Yield 产生Dilute 冲淡稀释This includes compliance with IEEE and IEC standards for electrostatic discharge, fast transients, radiated emissions, surge-withstand capability, dielectric strength, pulsed magnetic fields, and disturbances.Specify optional具体指定的选择Open CT-------CT断线open or shorted CT conditions-------CT断线或短路状态including single- and dual-busbar, transfer-bus, tie-breaker分段Buscoupler 母联（母线并联）breaker-and-a-half, ring-bus, and double-bus/double-breakerconfigurations.重瓦斯heavy gasAccessories附件Bypass旁路，分流，绕开Inflexion拐点is converted to转换为over-current blocked by complex voltage复合电压闭锁过流Advances the State of the Art先进的技术发展水平act in concert（音乐会）with与…相呼应in minimum operation mode 最小运行方式in conjunction with与…协力disconnect auxiliary contacts. 隔离刀辅助接点（SEL说明书）Buscoupler母联（SEL说明书）tie-breaker分断断路器（SEL说明书）Coupler Security Logic母联逻辑（SEL说明书）Tag n标签，vt加标签Put tag贴标签Have you put tags on your luggage?Transfer Bus 旁母Main bus 主母Dedicated 专用的优点与缺点advantages and disadvantages极性标记（同名端）Polarity markconservative settings 保守的定值（笨的定值）开口三角Broken-Delta ；Open-Delta减出力decrease power output突然加电inadvertent energization励磁field失磁out-of-field合闸位置 closed position（肯定对）分闸位置 open position（肯定对）/trip position防跳 antibumping原理图Elementary Diagram接线图 Wiring Diagram单线图 One Line Diagram方块图、结构图 Block Diagram展开图 Developing Diagram简图 Schematic Diagram略图 Schema控制转换开关Control and Transfer Switch多层开关 Multiple Switch多功能开关 Multi-Function Switch把手、手柄 Handle端子箱 Terminal Cabinet端子排 Terminal Block监视 Monitoring测量 Metering瓦斯保护继电器 Buchholz Protector动作机理Mechanism of Action操作机构Operation Mechanism转换 Commutate保护动作 Protection Action启动 Starting up升高/降低（动） Raise/Go down升高/降低（动） Raise/Reduce增加/减少 Increase/Decrease高/低（名） Upper/lower接地 Grounding接地 Earthing压板 Clamp辅助结点 Auxiliary Contact电流回路测试盒 Test Block隔离刀闸 Isolator隔离刀闸 Disconnectorshielded twisted pair屏蔽双绞线intelligent electrical device 智能测控装置generator 发电机transformer 变压器/互感器motor 电动机meter 仪表power automation system 电力自动化系统phase mark相别substation automation system 变电站自动化系统oscillation /swing振荡chip 芯片resolution 分辨率relay 继电器parameter 参数frequency 频率power factor 功率因数2×16 character liquid crystal display 2行X16字符液晶显示dual RS485 communication interface 带双路RS-485通信接口three-phase voltage/current input 三相电压/电流输入active power 有功功率reactive power 无功功率configuration 配置maintenance 维护debugging 调试live wire 火线SOE(sequence of event) 事件顺序记录transient process暂态过程Input/output 输入/输出transducer 变送器rated voltage/current/frequency 额定电压/电流/频率impedance 阻抗earthing resistance 接地电阻circuit breakers 断路器vacuum circuit breakers 真空断路器rated main busbar current 主母线额定电流enclosure/internal 外壳/内部supply voltage/current 电源电压/电流petrolic engine 汽油发动机diesel engine 柴油发动机micro ammeter 微安表high voltage testing transformer 高压试验变压器metallic door handle金属门把手DC double bridge 直流双臂电桥transformer ratio bridge 变压比电桥relay protection tester 继电保护测试仪micro ohmmeter 微电阻测量仪earthing resistance meter 接地电阻表digital multimeter数字万用表megohmmeter 兆欧表electronic megohmmeter 电子兆欧表power distribution compartment 配电室alternation switch 转换开关high/low voltage switchgear高/低压开关柜earthing knife switch 接地刀开关interlocking device 连锁装置hexagonal rotation axis 六角转轴back cover board 后盖板fuse 熔断器AI (analog input) 模拟量/遥测量cable incoming, outgoing 电缆进、出线breaking capacity 开断容量arrester 避雷器electrical equipment 电气设备busbar 母线load switch 负荷开关secondary components 二次元件truck 手车earthing line 接地线coil 线圈contactor 接触器sensor 传感器winding 绕组high voltage output 高压输出AC withstand voltage test 交流耐压试验earthing bar 接地棒attracting voltage 吸合电压releasing voltage 释放电压protection device sampling debugging 装置采样调试protection device instantaneous over-current debugging 装置速断保护调试protection device definite-time over-current debugging 装置过流保护调试zero-sequence protection debugging 装置零序保护调试pressure relief flap压力释放板branched busbar 分支母线bottom board 底板removable partition装卸式隔板secondary plug二次插头small busbar terminal box 小母线端子terminal block端子排disconnect contact device 隔离触头装置control wire duct控制线槽feeder 一回输电线路semiconductor 半导体mechanical endurance机械寿命electrical endurance 电寿命operation startup current 操作启动电流rectifier 整流器tripping current of the opening coil 分闸线圈脱扣电流monitor 监视器connection diagrams 接线图polarity极性power supply units and master modules 主控机与电源单元coupling modules 耦合模块accessories 附件analog modules 模拟量模块application modules 应用模块digital input/output modules 数字量输入/输出模块brake contact制动接点overvoltage protection module 过电压保护模块station board 配电屏electromechanical 机电一体thermistor 热敏电阻baud rate 波特率superconductor 超导体power plant 发电厂tap 分接头LED（light-emitting diode）发光二极管controller 控制器hydraulic power plant 水电站instrument board 仪表盘UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) 不间断电源indicator 指示器DC (direct current) 直流AC (alternating current) 交流active defect 运行故障active output 有功输出active-power loss 有功功率损耗active standard 现行标准AC voltage stabilizer 交流稳压器pulse 脉冲air switch 空气开关water vapor 水蒸汽terminal board 接线板short-circuit 短路shielding layer 屏蔽层export 导出electricity measurement 电量测量signal acquisition 信号采集LCD (liquid crystal display) 液晶显示remote communication 远程通信dual RS485 communication interface 双路RS485通信接口three-phase voltage/current input 三相电压/电流输入protocol 规约,协议four digital inputs 4路数字量输入rolling record 循环记录V，I，P，Q，F，Cosф，E电压、电流、有功功率、无功功率、频率、功率因数、有功电度voltage/current transformation ratio 电压/电流变比photoelectric isolation 光电隔离PT (potential transformer) 电压互感器default value 默认值CT (current transformer) 电流互感器calibration parameter 校准参数RMS (root mean square) 均方根，有效值filmy button 薄膜按键Wye system 星形系统energy counter input 电度chain controller 回路控制器message format 报文格式DI (digital input) 遥信量real-time data 实时数据power energy 电能front panel 面板bit change 变位electromagnetic fields 电磁场intelligent switching cabinet 智能开关柜form-C dry contact C型干触点Integrated substation automation 变电站综合自动化Harmonic 谐波Wave recorder 录波Workstation 工作站Public electric utility 市电电源Central alarm unit for electric fire leakage 电气火灾漏电集中告警器Computer protection system计算机保护系统Industry and building substation and distribution automation system 工业及楼宇变配电自动化系统Communication control unit 通讯主控单元Three-phase operation box 三相操作箱Voltage switch box 电压切换箱Transformer extension relay box 变压器重动箱Neutral point earthing resistance cubicle 中性点接地电阻柜Hydraulic car crane 液压汽车吊Automotive truck 载重汽车Coach 载人客车Mobile machinery shop with four seats 双排座工程车Hydraulic fork lift truck液压叉车Engine driven capstan 机动缴磨Welding machine 电焊机Press pliers压接钳Chain wheel 链条葫芦Bench drill 台钻Electric portable drill 手电钻Churn drill 冲击钻Jack 千斤顶Welding tool 气焊工具Electromotive refacer 电动磨光机Petrol gas heating 石油气加热项目Bolt clipper 断线钳Tensile strength meter 拉力表Moment spanner 力矩扳手Adjustable auto transformer 自藕调压器Phase sequence meter 相序表Withstand voltage tester 耐压试验装置Water level 水准仪Stop watch 秒表Micro-ohmmeter 微欧计Micro-processor protection panel 微机保护屏Fundamental current 基波电流Power transmission and substation engineering 输变电工程Electric Supply Authority 供电局Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories SEL公司全称储能 charging合闸 closing分闸 opening绝缘 insulation性能 performance过载 overload故障 fault多路传输 multiplex transmission备用 back-up比特、位 bit检修 overhaul冗余的 redundancy消耗 consumption冷却 cooling有功的active放大 amplify人造的 artificial手工的,人工的 manualFARAD 200 SEA4.0软件类(software)parallel interface 并行接口serial interface 串行接口application management 应用程序管理clipboard 剪贴板event system 事件系统browser 浏览器event log 事件日志removable storage 可移动存储routing and remote access 路由与远程访问server 服务器daily qualification rate 日合格率inhibit operation 禁止操作tele-indication blockage 遥信封锁invalid object 对象无效exactitude rate/success rate 正确率/成功率event handling 事件处理designer 设计人员operator 操作人员remote access server 远程访问服务器paste function 粘贴函数database 数据库file 文件edit 编辑view 视图insert (v.) insertion (n.) 插入tools 工具format 格式paste special 选择性粘贴alignment 对齐font 字体favorite 收藏夹peak value 峰值valley value 谷值normal(level) value 平值hyperlink 超级链接development environment 开发环境operation environment 运行环境graphic edit 图形编辑alarm event and handling 报警事件及处理PDR and recurrence 事故追忆与重演history data and real-time data retrieval 历史数据与实时数据检索fault diagnosis 故障诊断dual computers hot standby 双机热备remote maintenance 远程维护front controller 前端控制器thread 线程multimedia graphical user interface 多媒体图形界面transparent network technology 透明网络技术data acquisition technology 数据采集技术micro-kernel control and dispatching technology 微内核控制调度技术virtual reality scenes 虚拟现实场景variable 变量node 节点dynamic/line/fill/text property 动态/线/填充/文本属性time strings 时间串hotkey 热键alarm dead band 报警死区customization 定制reference frequency 基准频率window position fixation 窗口位置固定initialization full-screen display 初始化全屏显示initialization picture adaptation 初始化画面自适应task manager 任务管理器alarm appearance color 报警消失颜色synchronization 同步network congestion 网络堵塞supervisory control picture 监控画面homepage 主页print preview 打印预览standard serial port communication 标准串口通讯slash 斜线backslash 反斜线more/greater than 大于号less than 小于号asterisk 星号period 句号question mark 问号quotation mark 引号vertical bar 竖线transverse line 横线colon 冒号semicolon 分号parity check 奇偶校验data mapping table 数据映射表scroll bar 滚动条refresh 刷新list box 列表框bypass replacement 旁路替代bitmap file 位图文件consolidate 合并gateway 网关grid structure 网状结构subassembly programming 组件编程single-server 单机multi-server 多机browsing station 浏览站ODBC: Open Database Connectivity 开放式数据库互连distributed system architecture 分布式系统结构template database 模版库dual-device/computers/network redundancy 双设备/机/网络冗余history/curve database 历史/曲线数据库alarm voice file 报警语音文件pop-up picture file 弹出画面文件default path 缺省路径high-density curve 高密度曲线analog data overview模拟量一览digital data overview 开关量一览counter input data overview 电度量一览real-time alarm 实时报警communication fault 通讯故障report system 报表系统electrical report function 电力报表函数load 加载invoke 调用communication driver 通讯驱动snapshot 快照expression 表达式operational status 运行状况user manual 用户手册free disk space 硬盘余留空间program group 程序组registration number 注册号system/network configuration 系统/网络配置user right 用户权限auto start 自动启动password 口令shortcut 快捷方式directory for storing executable program 可执行程序存放目录auto logon 自动登录operation ticket 操作票symbol directory 图元库目录menu bar 菜单栏activate 激活project database 工程数据库table control 表格控件enable dual-computers hot standby 双机热备投用standby server query period 备机查询周期timeout time 超时时间history database synchronization days 历史数据库同步天数computer table 计算机表dial-up workstation 拨号工作站standard serial port communication 标准串口通讯upper/lower computer 上/下位机remark 备注object table 对象表logic relationship 逻辑关系interval 间隔deletion (n.) delete (v.) 删除power equipment 电力设备read only 只读prompt 提示subdirectory 子目录current directory 当前目录command/channel timeout 命令/通道超时master station address 主站地址title bar 标题栏toolbar 工具栏previous 上页next 下页picture file 图形文件real-time bar chart 实时棒图subsection electricity bar chart 分段电量棒图logout 退出，退路multi-electricity pie chart 多电量饼图printout 打印输出print setup 打印设置zoom in 缩小zoom out 放大scroll display 滚动显示daily/monthly report 日/月报表unqualified daily minutes 日不合格分钟数average value 平均值monthly trips due to faults月故障跳闸次数monthly repair time 月检修时间reactor电抗器The fuse blew out and the house was in darkness.保险丝烧断使得整个房子漆黑一片。
超导技术
超导技术一．什么是超导？超导是超导电性的简称，是指导电材料在温度接近绝对零度的时候，金属、合金及其他材料的电阻趋近于0的性质。
超导材料的发现是最近几十年来物理学与材料科学领域的重大突破之一，已引起全世界的广泛关注，世界各国科技工作者参与超导材料的研究和发展工作，人们很快就能感受到它给社会生活带来的重大变革。
目前超导这一得天独厚的特性使得超导材料在医疗、电子输送、交通方面获得广泛应用。
二．超导现象的发现在发现超导现象之前，物理学界关于超低温区电阻的变化情况形成两种对立的观点：① Kelven 提出的“随着温度的降低，电阻会在趋于某一个极小值后会由于电子凝聚在原子周围而使得电阻趋于∞”。
② Nernst 提出的“电阻随温度减小并最终在绝对零度处消失”。
1908年，Kirchhoff 的得意门生Onnes 首次将最后一个“永久气体”He 液化，并得到了低于4K 的低温。
1911年，他在测量一个固态汞样品的电阻与温度的关系时发现，当温度下降到4.2K 附近时，样品的电阻突然减小到仪器无法察觉出的一个小值。
这种现象后来被称为超导现象，这一使电阻突然变小的温度4.2K 被称为临界温度Tc 。
1912年，Onnes 在铅和锡上发现了类似的现象，说明超导现象并非孤立。
三.两个主要性质①零电阻：超导体的电阻为0或无限接近于0，因此一旦它内部产生电流后，只要保持超导状态不变，其电流就不会减小，因此就称这种电流为持续电流。
正常导体因为有电阻，所以为了在导体中产生恒定电流就需要外加电场。
对超导体来讲，由于它的电阻为0，所以一旦在其中有电流产生就不会消失，也就是说，维持该电流不需要加电场，导体内部场强为0。
a. 那么怎样在超导体中产生持续电流？由法拉第电磁感应定律可知:”随时间变化的磁场会在空间激发出涡旋电场”,当将一个条形磁铁靠近超导体时,导体中就会产生涡旋电场并产生涡旋电流和留有一定的磁通量,当磁铁拿走后,超导体中的磁通量应该维持不变,因为如果磁通量改变,超导体中将产生电场,与超导体中电场为0相矛盾,而这个磁通量是通过超导体表面的持续电流来维持的。
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附件5．电气学院（系、所）全英研究生课程简介(中英文各一份)课程名称：超导电力科学技术课程代码：131.512课程类型：□博士专修课程■硕士专修课程考核方式：全英文考试教学方式：全英文讲授适用专业：电气工程适用层次：■硕士□博士开课学期：总学时：32学分：2先修课程要求：电磁场、电力系统分析、超导应用基础、应用超导材料课程组教师姓名职称专业年龄学术方向唐跃进（负责人）教授电气工程54超导电力技术任丽副教授电气工程44超导电力技术石晶副教授电气工程32超导电力技术课程负责教师留学经历及学术专长简介：唐跃进，男，1958年生，华中科技大学教授，博士生导师，博士。
中国电机工程学会会员，日本电气学会会员，“十五”863计划材料领域超导技术专项专家组成员。
1982年毕业于华中工学院（华中科技大学前身）高电压技术专业，1984年获高电压技术专业硕士学位后留校任教，1990年赴日本名古屋大学留学，开始从事超导应用技术研究工作并获得博士学位，1996年任日本琉球大学副教授，从事电力系统的教学以及超导技术、高电压技术的研究工作。
1999年5月回国，主要从事超导电力应用技术研究。
课程教学目标：本课程主要目的是学习超导应用技术的相关知识，在简要复习超导基础知识的基础上，根据国内外最新研究进展、发展趋势为，学习超导电力、超导磁体、超导微弱电磁检测、超导应用实验技术。
授课形式：超导基础复习部分采用讲授形式，最新发展动向部分采用研讨形式。
课程大纲：（章节目录）第一章概论（2学时）§1.1 课程简介§1.2 超导电力技术的发展现状及发展趋势§1.3 分配研讨课题第二章超导基础知识（4学时）§2.1 超导的基本电磁物理特性，零电阻、麦斯纳效应、磁通量子效应、交流损耗、超导导线动态电磁特性等；§2.2 超导的约瑟夫森效应、磁通动力学。
第三章超导电力装置（6学时）§3.1 超导电机、超导变压器的特性要点，设计中的注意事项，交流损耗以及超导稳定性分析与设计方法；§3.2 超导电缆、超导磁悬浮的技术特点，设计要点，绝热措施及热损耗；§3.3 超导限流器的基本形式、动作原理及技术要点；§3.4 超导磁储能系统的基本原理、技术特点、以及关键技术难点；§3.5 超导脉冲功率应用技术的研究现状和技术难题；§3.6 查阅最新科技论文，撰写相关内容的调研报告。
第四章含超导装置电力系统特性（4学时）§4.1 超导电力装置对动态电流的响应、交流损耗、动态热稳定性；§4.2 含超导电力装置电力系统的动态特性分析方法、失超保护问题以及和电力系统常规控制保护装置的协调动作问题；§4.3 查阅最新科技论文，撰写相关内容的调研报告。
第五章超导强磁场磁体应用技术（4学时）§5.1 超导磁体的设计方法、技术要点、稳定性设计以及超导磁体电磁场、温度场、应力场综合优化；§5.2 超导磁体在科学研究中的应用简介：加速器、核聚变、磁悬浮、磁推进、磁分离、核磁共振成像等；§5.3 查阅最新科技论文，撰写相关内容的调研报告。
第六章超导电力中的实验测试技术（4学时）§6.1 超导材料电磁参数测量方法，临界电流、磁化、交流损耗；§6.2 超导应用技术中的其他关键参数测量手段，温度、失超传播速度；§6.3 查阅最新科技论文，撰写相关内容的调研报告。
第七章超导微弱电磁信号检测基础（6学时）§7.1 SQUID的形式、原理以及用SQUID进行微弱电磁检测的原理；§7.2 电压标准、心脑电磁检测等微弱电磁检测应用研究的进展；§7.3 查阅最新科技论文，撰写相关内容的调研报告。
第八章课程报告评点与考查（2学时）全英文教材：Bernd Seeber, Handbook of Applied Superconductivity, Institute of Physics Publishing,Bristol and Philadelphia,1998主要参考书：1. 唐跃进，任丽，石晶. 超导电力基础2. 王家素等，超导技术应用，成都科技大学出版社，19953．林良真等.超导电性及其应用.北京：北京工业大学出版社，1998年4. 国际权威杂志上发表的超导应用技术方面的最新论文附件5．电气学院（系、所）全英研究生课程简介(中英文各一份)课程名称：Superconducting power technology课程代码：131.512课程类型：□博士专修课程■硕士专修课程考核方式：全英文考试教学方式：全英文讲授适用专业：electrical engineering适用层次：■硕士□博士开课学期：总学时：32学分：2先修课程要求：electromagnetic field、Power system analysis、foundation of superconductivity application、应用超导材料课程组教师姓名职称专业年龄学术方向Tang Yue Jin （负责人）Professorelectricalengineering54Applied superconductivity课程负责教师留学经历及学术专长简介：Yuejin Tang, professor of HuaZhong University of Science and Technology. He received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degree from Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in 1981 and 1984 respectively, and has been engaged in High Voltage Engineering in HUST until 1990. From Oct. 1990, he studied in Nagoya University, Japan, and received the Doctor Degree in Engineering, majoring in applied superconductivity in 1996. During this period, he participated the project of “Prospective Power Transmission Model System Integrated under Superconducting Environment (PROMISE)”. This project won the prize of progress on science and technology form IEE Japan in 1995. Then, he worked in Ryukyu’s University, Okinawa, Japan as an associate professor for three years, and had be engaged in the teaching and researching work on the Power System, the High Voltage Engineering and the Applied Superconductivity. In May 1999, he returned to China and joined to HUST. He is presently engaged in Applied Superconductivity and High Voltage Technology. Now, he is one of the members of Specific Committee on Applied Superconductivity, Institute of Electrical Technology of China.Teaching goals：The main objective of this course is to learn the relevant knowledge of Applied Superconductivity. Based on a brief review of superconducting knowledge and the latest domestic and foreign research progress and development trend，study superconducting power technology, superconducting magnet, superconducting electromagnetic detection and superconducting test technology.Course program：（List of chapters）Chapter 1 Introduction（2 hours）§1.1 Course introduction§1.2 Present station and development trend of superconducting power technology§1.3 Research topicChapter 2 Superconducting Basics（4 hours）§2.1 Basic e lectromagnetic properties of superconductors§2.2 Joseph Sen effect and flux dynamicsChapter 3 Superconducting power devices（6 hours）§3.1 Superconducting motor and transformer§3.2 Superconducting power cable and magnetic levitation§3.3 Superconducting current limiter§3.4 Superconducting magnetic energy storage system§3.5 Superconductor applied in pulsed power technology research and technical problems§3.6 Writing research reportsChapter 4 Research on p ower system containing superconducting power devices （4 hours）§4.1 Dynamic characteristics analysis on superconducting power devices§4.2 Coordination of quench protection and relay protection§4.3 Consulting the latest academic papers, writing research reportsChapter 5 Application of superconducting magnet for high magnetic field (4 hours)§5.1 Design method of superconducting magnets§5.2 Application of superconducting magnet in scientific research§5.3 Consulting the latest academic papers, written research reportsChapter Experimental test of superconducting power technology (4 hours)§6.1 Method for measuring electromagnetic parameters of superconducting materials, such as critical current, magnetic susceptibility, exchange losses;§6.2 Other means of measuring key parameters of superconducting technology, such as temperature and quench propagation velocity§6.3 Consulting the latest academic papers, written research reportsChapter 7 superconducting weak electromagnetic signal detection (6 hours)§7.1 The basic principle of SQUID§7.2 the research development of electromagnetic detection of weak magnetic detection applications§7.3 Consulting the latest academic papers, written research reportsChapter 8 Course report comments and examination (2 hours)teaching materials:Bernd Seeber, Handbook of Applied Superconductivity, Institute of Physics Publishing,Bristol and Philadelphia,1998Teaching materials and major reference books:1. Tang Yuejin, Ren Li, Shi Jing. Foundation of superconductivity application. China Electric Power Press, 20122. Wang Jiasu, et al. The Application of superconducting technology. Chengdu university of science and technology Press, 19953．Lin Liangzhen, et al. The superconductivity and its application. Beijingpolytechnic university press, 19984. The latest research papers about superconducting application published in international magazines。